2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解推理判断题（测）作业含答案

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 第12讲 阅读理解推理判断题 （测）
时间 ：45分钟 满分：60分
姓名__________ 得分________
阅读理解(每题2分，共60分)
A
（2017·全国·高考真题）I never knew much about my mother's father, John leon La Walla. He moved to the city of Melbourne, Australia, in the 1920s, married, and started to raise a family, but died in World War Two. All we had was one framed photo of him dressed in his army uniform.
For some reason, my grandfather had not kept in touch with any of his relatives, although my mother did recall some family names. It wasn't till 1963 that she finally saw her father's grave, in the Albury War Cemetery in New South Wales. I fiercely wanted to know more about this man. Who were his parents？Who were his brothers and sisters？Were any of them still alive and, if so, where were they now？Did they ever wonder what become of our John Leon？
With the advent（到来）of the Internet, I started searching in earnest in the late 1990s. From my grandfather's records in the army, I learned he'd listed his birthplace as Hertfordshire England." I think his surname must have been a false name," my father said. This made me upset but I put it aside, concentrating instead on my father's line. I joined a genealogy（系谱学）website and was soon discovering some of my ancestors from distant relatives. I wrote, “I just wish I could find out about my mother's father now," and told them of my search.
In late 2012, I heard from a very distant relation on my father's side called Julie, from New Zealand. As a genealogist herself, she'd taken pity on me and spent several weeks on research. It was a bombshell when she said she may have found my grandfather's family.
She'd searched English census（人口普查） records and found the surname Waller. The dates and first names matched right down to a brother who'd died on the Western Front. Julie had overcome the false name, traced a whole tree and put me in touch with current﹣day relatives.
"Consider it an early Christmas present," she said. "Julie had done all this very careful research for a stranger. I will be ever grateful."
1．What can we learn about the author's grandfather？
A．He was born in Australia.
B．He was a soldier.
C．He died in 1963.
D．He had no relatives.
2．Why did the author feel upset when knowing his grandfather's surname may not be real？
A．The Internet was not helpful.
B．His father gave up searching.
C．The genealogy website worked well.
D．His search could not continue.
3．Who finally succeeded in the search？
A．The author 's father.
B．Someone named Waller.
C．The author's brother.
D．Julie, a practical stranger.
4．What is the main idea of the text？
A．The search of the family root.
B．The powerful Internet.
C．The story of a genealogist.
D．The gratitude of a young man.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者通过一步步的努力，找到了外祖父的真实姓名和亲戚的故事。
1．B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“All we had was one framed photo of him dressed in his army uniform.（我们有的只是一张他穿军装的相框里的照片）”以及第三段“From my grandfather's records in the army, I learned he'd listed his birthplace as Hertfordshire England.（根据祖父在军队中的记录，我了解到他将自己的出生地列为赫特福德郡的英格兰）”可知，从his army uniform到in the army，可推断他是个军人，故选B。
2．A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容，“I think his surname must have been a false name.My father said. This made me upset but I put it aside”可知，父亲说这个名字一定是个假名，这让作者心烦意乱，但作者把这个烦恼放在一边，另辟蹊径。并结合全段内容，可推断作者由于假名等原因的干扰，当时并没有从网上获得进展，故选A。
3．D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Julie had done all this very careful research for a stranger. I will be ever grateful.(朱莉为一个陌生人做了所有这些非常仔细的研究。我会永远感激)”并结合该段内容可知，最终是朱莉这位陌生人帮我们取得进展，找到外祖父的信息，故选D。
4．A【解析】主旨大意题。全文以“I never knew much about my mother's father, John leon La Walla…All we had was one framed photo of him dressed in his army uniform.(我从来不太了解我母亲的父亲，约翰·莱昂·拉·沃拉...我们只有一张他穿着军装的相框照片)”开端，讲述我们对外祖父知之甚少，接着“我”通过包括网络在内的各种途径去寻找他的信息，最终是一位陌生人帮我们取得了突破性进展，通读全文可知本文主要讲述的是一个家庭寻根的故事，故选A。
B
（2017·全国·高考真题）Color is a daily mystery．ROY G B．IV deals with lots of big﹣picture color questions explaining why hams are often red and why NYC taxis are yellow．Today's question：why are Jeans blue？
First，why"jeans"？Jeans twin names﹣denim and jeans﹣come from the two European ports that supplied two similar fabrics（织物）during the Middle A．ges． Gene fustian was a cotton﹣linen﹣wool blend shipped from genoa．a silk ﹣wool blend called serge de nimes shortened to de nimes or denim， was shipped out of France．B．oth fabrics gradually changed into similar cotton only blends by the 19th century． according to an article titled a short history of denim y historian Lynn Downey． B．oth were used to make men's clothing，valued especially for [their] properly of durability（耐久性） even after many washings"．
In 1873 Levi Strauss teamed up with Jacob Davis to produce jeans，they sold like hotcakes to Gold Rush miners secking a durable uniform for fortune﹣seeking Jeans rapidly came to stand for the character of the A．merican West﹣﹣rank， energetic， rebellions，and capitalistic．
While gold rush miners probably didnt care about how denim looked， they cared a lot about durability，comfort and fit，at the beginning，Straus offered his waist overalls"in two varieties brown cotton"duck"or canvas，and blue denim﹣﹣but by 1911 they'd stopped using cotton duck entirely．As historian Downey explains "once someone had worn a pair of denim pants experiencing its strength． and how the denim became more comfortable with every washing he never wanted to wear duck again； because with cotton duck，you always feel like you re wearing a tent．"
So why are jeans blue？The answer has to do with dye．Unlike most natural dyes that， when heated，penetrate cloth fibers directly indigo（靛蓝）sticks to the cloth's threads．With each washing some of these dye molecules are stripped away，taking bits of the threads with them．The process softens rough fabrics and individualizes the color．This extreme customization made every pair a second skin．
5．How does the author start talking about jeans？
A．From the quality of the fabrics．
B．From a famous historian．
C．From their hometowns．
D．From their names．
6．Which of the following helped establish the popularity of jeans in 1873？
A．Hot cakes．
B．A．durable uniform．
C．A．merican character．
D．Gold rush．
7．What can we infer about indigo？
A．It cannot be heated．
B．It can be machine washed．
C．It doesn't stay for a long time．
D．It goes into the cloths fibers directly．
8．By saying"made every pair a second skin" in the last paragraph, the author most probably means____________．
A．the pants were made of skin．
B．the pants fitted people well．
C．the dyes were quite natural．
D．the threads became softer and softer．
【语篇解读】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了牛仔裤的起源，它的功能以及牛仔裤为什么是蓝色的。
5. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的句子"First， why"jeans"？ Jeans twin names﹣denim and jeans﹣come from the two European ports that supplied two similar fabrics（织物）during the Middle A.ges．"首先，为什么是”牛仔裤” ？牛仔裤的相似名字：denim and jeans，来自欧洲的两个港口，在中期供应了两种类似的面料。可知作者谈论"牛仔"是从它的名字开始的。故选D。
6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的"In 1873 Levi Strauss teamed up with Jacob Davis to produce jeans，they sold like hotcakes to Gold Rush miners secking a durable uniform for fortune﹣seeking Jeans rapidly came to stand for the character of the A.merican West﹣﹣rank，energetic，rebellions，and capitalistic．"1873年，李维 · 斯特劳斯与雅各布 · 戴维斯联手生产牛仔裤，他们像热蛋糕一样卖给淘金热的矿工们，为了寻找财富而制作的耐穿的牛仔裤迅速地成为了美国西部牛仔裤的代名词——等级、精力充沛、反叛和资本主义。可知，1873年牛仔受欢迎主要是作为耐用的制服。故选B。
7. C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的"Unlike most natural dyes that， when heated， penetrate cloth fibers directly， indigo（靛蓝）sticks to the cloth's threads．With each washing some of these dye molecules are stripped away， taking bits of the threads with them．不像大多数天然染料，当加热时，热气直接穿透布料纤维，靛蓝吸附在布料的线上。每次清洗时，一些染料分子会带着一些线头一起被剥离。 "可知，靛蓝颜色不持久。故选C。
8. B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的"The process softens rough fabrics and individualizes the color． This extreme customization made every pair a second skin．"在洗涤过程中，面料变得柔软，使靛蓝变得独一无二，衣服就像第二皮肤，穿起来非常合适。可知，这样的面料使得衣服穿起来很舒服。故选B。
C
（2021·福建宁德·三模）The first wave of a new class of anti-aging drugs have begun human testing. These drugs won't let you live longer but aim to treat specific illnesses by slowing a fundamental process of aging.
The drugs are called senolytics—they work by removing certain cells that accumulate as we age. Known as “senescent” cells, they can create low-level inflammation (炎症) that prevents normal systems of living cells repair and creates a poisonous environment for neighboring cells.
In June, San Francisco - based Unity Biotechnology reported initial results in patients with mild to severe osteoarthritis (关节炎) of the knee. Results from a larger clinical trial are expected in the second half of this year. The company is also developing similar drugs to treat age-related diseases of the eyes and lungs, among other conditions.
Senolytics are now in human tests, along with a number of other promising approaches targeting the biological processes that lie at the root of aging and various diseases.
A company called Alkahest injects patients with components found in young people's blood and says it hopes to stop conscious and functional decline in patients suffering from mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The company also has drugs for Parkinson's and dementia in human testing.
And in December, researchers at Drexel University College of Medicine even tried to see if a cream including the immune-suppressing drug could slow aging in human skin.
The tests reflect researchers' expanding efforts to learn if the many diseases associated with getting older- such as heart diseases, arthritis, cancer, and dementia- can be dealt with to delay their outbreak.
9．Why do the researchers develop the drugs?
A．To rid inflammation. B．To lengthen people's life.
C．To treat age-related diseases. D．To remove cancer cells.
10．What does the underlined word “senescent” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Repairing. B．Cycling. C．Aging. D．Dividing.
11．How does the text mainly develop?
A．By listing data. B．By providing details.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing causes.
12．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary. B．A guidebook. C．A novel. D．A magazine.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了第一批抗衰老药物已经开始在人体上进行试验。
9．C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“These drugs won't let you live longer but aim to treat specific illnesses by slowing a fundamental process of aging.（这些药物不会让你活得更久，但目的是通过减缓基本衰老过程来治疗特定疾病。）”可知，研究人员研发这些药物是为了治疗与年龄相关的疾病。故选C。
10．C词义猜测题。根据上文“The drugs are called senolytics- they work by removing certain cells that accumulate as we age.（这些药物被称为衰老解药——它们通过清除某些随着我们年龄增长而积累的细胞发挥作用。）”可推知，此处表示“它们被称为“衰老”细胞”，senescent意为“衰老的”。故选C。
11．B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In June, San Francisco - based Unity Biotechnology reported initial results in patients with mild to severe osteoarthritis of the knee.（今年6月，总部位于旧金山的Unity生物技术公司报告了轻度至重度膝关节骨关节炎患者的初步结果。）”、文章第五段“A company called Alkahest injects patients with components found in young people's blood and says it hopes to stop conscious and functional decline in patients suffering from mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.（一家名为Alkahest的公司向患者注射在年轻人血液中发现的成分，并表示希望阻止轻度至中度阿尔茨海默氏症患者的意识和功能下降。）”以及文章第六段“And in December, researchers at Drexel University College of Medicine even tried to see if a cream including the immune-suppressing drug could slow aging in human skin.（去年12月，德雷塞尔大学医学院的研究人员甚至试图研究一种含有免疫抑制药物的护肤霜是否能减缓人类皮肤的衰老。）”可知，文章通过列举一系列研究的细节来组织和发展的。故选B。
12．D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The first wave of a new class of anti-aging drugs have begun human testing.（第一批抗衰老药物已经开始在人体上进行试验。）”可知，文章主要介绍了这些抗衰老药物的相关研究。由此可推知，文章可能来自一本杂志。故选D。
D
（2021·云南昆明·三模）Sugar has been linked to serious diseases like heart disease, diabetes and even cancer, which is why it's vital to cut down on foods and drinks that are high in sugar. Take a look at the drinks that contain a surprising amount of hidden sugars and what you should be eating instead.
Fruit juices
While fruit juices can contain some important vitamins and minerals, they are typically full of sugar. Unfortunately, the fiber that fruit naturally contains and that helps the body keep blood sugar stable has also been removed. To keep blood sugar levels from rising sharply, choose to eat whole fruits whenever a juice desire comes along.
Sports drinks
Sports drinks might seem like the perfect choice for hydration while exercising, but they contain a high amount of added sugars as they were designed for athletes during fierce and long periods of activity. The only people who actually benefit from sports drinks are professional athletes or marathoners. Unless that's you, just stick to plain water.
Flavored coffees
Flavored coffees are delicious, but they contain hidden sugars as they often rely on artificial syrups (糖浆) for flavoring. A large flavored coffee at some coffee chains has up to 25 teaspoons of sugar. You can still enjoy your morning cup of coffee. Just stick to unflavored and unsweetened versions and avoid creamers high in sugar.
Iced teas
Iced teas can be extremely refreshing on a hot day, but they're typically over-sweetened with sugar or syrups. Some brands of iced tea actually contain a surprising 33 grams of sugar in a 355-milliliter serving. So, look for iced teas without any added sugar or make your own at home so you can save money and control what goes into it.
13．How do fruit juices benefit people?
A．They provide necessary minerals. B．They refuel people during sports.
C．They energize people in the morning. D．They refresh people on hot days.
14．What are common people advised to have while exercising?
A．Fruit juices. B．Flavored coffees. C．Natural water. D．Iced teas.
15．What's the purpose of the text?
A．To introduce four nutritious drinks. B．To discuss the advantages of drinks.
C．To share ways to make drinks at home. D．To warm readers against high-sugar drinks.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了几种含糖量很高的饮料，以此来建议人们不要喝含糖量高的饮料。
13．A【解析】细节理解题。根据Fruit juices中第一句“While fruit juices can contain some important vitamins and minerals, they are typically full of sugar.( 虽然果汁含有一些重要的维生素和矿物质，但它们通常富含糖。)”可知，果汁提供必要的矿物质，这对人们的身体有好处。故选A。
14．C【解析】推理判断题。根据Sports drinks中“Sports drinks might seem like the perfect choice for hydration while exercising, but they contain a high amount of added sugars as they were designed for athletes during fierce and long periods of activity.( 运动饮料似乎是运动时补水的完美选择，但它们含有大量的添加糖，因为它们是为在激烈和长时间运动时的运动员设计的。)”和“Unless that's you, just stick to plain water.( 除非你是运动员，若不是，那就喝白开水吧。)”可推知，普通人运动后建议喝天然水。故选C。
15．D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Sugar has been linked to serious diseases like heart disease, diabetes and even cancer, which is why it's vital to cut down on foods and drinks that are high in sugar. Take a look at the drinks that contain a surprising amount of hidden sugars and what you should be eating instead.( 糖与心脏病、糖尿病甚至癌症等严重疾病有关，这就是为什么减少含糖量高的食物和饮料至关重要的原因。看看那些含有惊人数量的隐藏糖的饮料，看看你应该吃些什么。)”可知，本文介绍了几种含糖量很高的饮料，以此来建议人们不要喝含糖量高的饮料，尽量远离这些饮料。故选D。
E
（2021·甘肃省民乐县第一中学模拟预测）My doctor took me for a walk around the farm where she lives. I was physically and emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression.
The place was full of life. There were insects, horses, rabbits and a cat. She told me to focus on my body in the environment.
When I was ill, I tended to retreat into my mind and disconnect from here and now. So, when I met a horse named Fira, I expected nothing.
As I got closer to Fira, she nuzzled her nose into my chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart. Something happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring of past hurts, fears and failings. I began to melt emotionally.
I patted Fira’s nose and breathed in her smell. I found I didn’t have to concentrate on feeling better; Fira helped me feel loved and safe.
I worked with Fira often, learning basic communication and leading methods to work together with her. Initially, I wasn’t sure exactly what one would do with a horse except riding it. But I knew that Fira had touched me in an uncommon way and had made me feel better. She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way.
In my meetings with Fira, I found that I lost my usual self-consciousness, and I would focus entirely on communicating.
I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place. I learned to forget the past, with all its hurts. I learned to forget the future, which hasn’t happened yet. When you stand beside a horse, you exist completely in the moment.
With Fira by my side, I saw into a life in which trust comes first, and compassion follows.
I found a deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right. I felt an inner quiet and even joy. My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my soul.
16．What do we know about the author from the first three paragraphs?
A．She loves animals very much. B．She suffered from mental illness.
C．She went to a doctor with high hopes. D．She often lost consciousness.
17．When she met Fira for the first time, the author ________.
A．felt deeply touched B．had an emotional breakdown
C．became grateful for her past pain D．was curious about what would happen
18．When the author and Fira worked together, ________.
A．the author had to try hard to feel better
B．Fira helped the author focus on her thoughts
C．the author recalled her past hurts, fears and failings
D．Fira accepted the author’s emotions and reacted positively
19．What did the author learn during her time with Fira?
A．It is important to live in the moment.
B．One shouldn’t be affected by emotions.
C．One should learn lessons from the past.
D．It is necessary to show compassion to others.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者在患有精神疾病期间，她的医生带她去农场散步时，她与一匹叫做Fira的马相遇、相知以及到最后一起工作的过程，并在与这匹马一块工作时，作者得出了要活在当下的人生感悟。
16. B 【解析】推理判断题。由文章第一段第二句“I was physically and emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression.”（焦虑和抑郁使我身心俱疲，灰心丧气。）可知，作者患的是精神方面的疾病。选项B与文意相符，故选B项。
17. A【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段最后两句“Something happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring (源泉)of past hurts, fears and failings. I began to melt emotionally.”（我的内心深处发生了一些事情：我觉得好像我已经达到了过去伤害，恐惧和失败的源泉。情感上我开始融化。）可知，作者第一次见到Fira时，她被它的反应深深地感动了。选项A与文意一致，故选A项。
18. D【解析】细节理解题。由文章第六段最后一句“She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way.”（她通过回应我的情绪状态并以一种开放的、充满爱意的方式将它反馈给我与我联系。）可知，作者和Fira一块工作时，Fira理解了作者的情绪，并做出了积极的反应。选项D与文意相符，故选D项。
19. A【解析】推理判断题。由文章第八段“I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place. I learned to forget the past, with all its hurts. I learned to forget the future, which hasn't happened yet. When you stand beside a horse, you exist completely in the moment.”（我学会了活在当下，关注在这一天、这一刻、这个地方发生的事情。我学会了忘记过去，忘记所有的伤痛。我学会了忘记还没有发生的未来。当你站在马的旁边，你就完全存在于那一刻。）可知，当作者和Fira在一起的时候她学到了活在当下让每一天都有意义是很重要的。选项A与文意相一致，故选A项。
F
（2021·四川德阳·三模）Each year, about 250 billion to-go cups serve coffee and tea from places like Starbucks and McDonald’s are produced to satisfy the world’s love for hot drinks on the run. These paper-based cups have the inside surface covered with plastic to prevent water from escaping, and keep water from being absorbed into the material. Despite this, that also removes any opportunity for the cups to be biodegradable (可生物降解的).
The materials that created these cups of goodness and convenience are recyclable but only if separated. In addition, the demand for such resources is low, so they are worth next to nothing.
In response to this great challenge, NextGen Consortium, multi-year partnership led by Starbucks and McDonald’s launched their first big initiative (倡议)—NextGen Cup. The first step in NextGen Cup was an open competition where participants presented ideas for sleeves, cups, lids and other parts of the hot-cold paper-based takeaway coffee cup that would make it reusable, recyclable, or biodegradable; to finally be widely used. 12 winners, announced in 2019, shared a prize of $1 million, as well as personalized growth, and support from members of NextGen Consortium.
Later, they launched two pilot programs at independent coffee shops in California. In one case, customers were given “smart” reusable cups made mostly from recyclable plastic. They then could drop their empties into collection containers at key locations, for washing and reuse. These cups were printed with RFID chips or QR codes, through which coffee shops can know where there is the greatest need for collection containers and how many are not using them.
To reduce coffee cup waste, Cup Club is already replacing millions of takeaway cups in the UK, while Recup in Germany, has performed a deposit system that simply adds a small extra fee to any coffee cup which is returned to the buyer after the cup is deposited in any registered collection point.
20．What can we say about the paper-based cups?
A．They can absorb water easily. B．They are not popular in life.
C．They can’t be easily recycled. D．They are attractive in low price.
21．What’s the theme of the NextGen Cup?
A．Separating recyclable materials from the cups.
B．Making the cups green and easily available.
C．Reducing the unnecessary parts of the cups.
D．Gaining the support from their partners.
22．What’s the function of RFID chips or QR codes?
A．Knowing about customers’ preference for coffee shops.
B．Collecting the information on which shop is empty.
C．Helping choose where customer can drink coffee.
D．Making the recycling of cups more efficient.
23．What does the word “which” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．A collection point. B．A deposit system.
C．A small extra fee. D．Any coffee cup.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了星巴克和麦当劳为解决外带咖啡杯污染问题所做的努力。
20．C【解析】推理判断题。由第一段中的“These paper-based cups have the inside surface covered with plastic to prevent water from escaping, and keep water from being absorbed into the material. Despite this, that also removes any opportunity for the cups to be biodegradable (可生物降解的). (这些纸质杯子的内表面覆盖着塑料，以防止水逸出，并防止水被材料吸收。尽管如此，这也消除了杯子被生物降解的机会。)”可知，纸杯内附塑料，无法降解，可得出它们不容易被回收利用。故选C项。
21．B【解析】推理判断题。由第三段中的“The first step in NextGen Cup was an open competition where participants presented ideas for sleeves, cups, lids and other parts of the hot-cold paper-based takeaway coffee cup that would make it reusable, recyclable, or biodegradable; to finally be widely used. (NextGen杯的第一步是一个公开的竞赛，参与者们展示了热冷纸质外卖咖啡杯的杯套、杯子、盖子和其他部分的想法，这些都将使咖啡杯可以重复使用、可回收或可生物降解；最终得到广泛应用。)”可知，NextGen杯的参与者们把杯子设计成可以重复使用、可回收或可生物降解的杯子，可得出举办方希望竞赛者设计出既环保又实用的咖啡杯，NextGen杯的主题是“使杯子绿色环保，方便取用”。故选B项。
22．D【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“These cups were printed with RFID chips or QR codes, through which coffee shops can know where there is the greatest need for collection containers and how many are not using them. (这些杯子上印着RFID芯片或QR码，通过这些东西，咖啡店可以知道哪里最需要收集容器，有多少没有使用。)”可知，“智能”杯上的RFID芯片或QR码可帮助收集杯子回收使用的情况，使杯子的回收更有效。故选D项。
23．C【解析】指代猜测题。由最后一段中的“To reduce coffee cup waste, Cup Club is already replacing millions of takeaway cups in the UK, while Recup in Germany, has performed a deposit system that simply adds a small extra fee to any coffee cup which is returned to the buyer after the cup is deposited in any registered collection point. (为了减少咖啡杯的浪费，Cup Club已经在英国更换了数百万个外卖杯，而德国的Recup则执行了一种存款制度，只需在任何咖啡杯存放在任何注册的收款点后，向买家退还一小部分额外费用。)”可知，which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a small extra fee，所以which指a small extra fee。故选C项。
G
（2021·山东泰安·一模）Buying clothes for a special event, hiding the price tickets and returning them to the store the next day has for years been the method of economical shoppers. Today people are doing it just for social media.
A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard revealed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. After the “outfit (装束) of the day” makes it online, they return it to the store. According to Barclaycard, the “try before you buy” policy of online retailers (零售商) where people pay for clothing they order online after they try it on at home could be contributing to this rising trend.
But the rise of social media has meant that everyone, not just superstars, expects to build and maintain a personal brand. Since we’re documenting our lives and posting them online for public judgment, getting caught in the same outfits more than once should be avoided. And the cost of all those outfits of the day adds up, which makes returning a popular way.
There are brands that tailor clothes specifically for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova. “These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned,” Allison P. Davis wrote in her report about the brand. Another favorite of the social media age is Rent the Runway, which lets customers rent designer clothing for a fee.
Some, however, are moving in the opposite direction. Groups promoting “work uniforms” have increased greatly in recent years, aiming to free women from “the annoyance of clothing decisions”. The concept of the “capsule wardrobe” (胶囊衣柜), which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.
24．What does the survey by Barclaycard indicate?
A．Some Britons send outfits back after shoots.
B．Britons try on clothes before online purchases.
C．Britons follow the fashion stars closely.
D．Some Britons over-order and return clothes.
25．What’s Fashion Nova’s special service?
A．Renting chargeable designer clothes.
B．Offering customers single-use clothes.
C．Creating unique shopping experiences.
D．Helping shoppers improve their clothing style.
26．What’s the idea behind the “capsule wardrobe”?
A．Better fewer, but better.
B．Less addition, but more enjoyment.
C．Less uniform and more freedom.
D．More choices and less annoyance.
27．What’s the purpose of the author to write the text?
A．To compare different wearing trends.
B．To criticize the “try before you buy” policy.
C．To advocate buying high-quality clothes.
D．To introduce Britain’s new wearing trend.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。讲述的是，在英国一种新的穿衣潮流出现，即一些人为了维护在社交媒体上的形象，经常购买衣服，穿上拍照后就退货。本文介绍了这种潮流出现的原因，服装品牌对应的措施，以及与之相反的穿衣趋势。
24．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard revealed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. ‘outfit (装束) of the day’ makes it online, they return it to the store. (巴克莱信用卡公司开展的一项调查显示，近十分之一的英国购物者承认自己买衣服只是为了把照片发到社交媒体上获得点赞。‘当天的服装’在网上完成后，他们会把衣服退回商店。)”可知，一些英国人在拍摄后把衣服送回去。故选A项。
25．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“There are brands that tailor clothes specifically for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova.(有些品牌专门为社交媒体购物者定制服装，比如Fashion Nova。)”以及Allison P. Davis所写“These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned.(这些衣服是为社交媒体设计的：穿一次、拍照和丢弃。)”可知，Fashion Nova的特别服务是为顾客提供一次性衣服。故选B项。
26．A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The concept of the ‘capsule wardrobe’, which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.(‘胶囊衣橱’的概念也正在回归，‘胶囊衣橱’指的是购买少量高品质的衣服，而不是大量购买流行的一次性衣服。)”可知，胶囊衣橱”背后的理念是越少越好。故选A项。
27．D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是，在英国一种新的穿衣潮流出现，一些人为了维护在社交媒体上的形象，经常购买衣服，穿上拍照后就退货。本文介绍了这种潮流出现的原因，服装品牌对应的措施，以及另外的穿衣趋势。所以，本文的写作目的是向读者客观地介绍英国新的穿衣潮流。故选D项。
H
（2021·河南郑州·三模）There you are, looking through your WeChat moments or your Weibo feed, and you come across a post saying something like this: “I just got accepted to Harvard and 0xford! Are they sure they didn’t mix my applications up with somebody else’s?”
This person is clearly humblebragging. The term “humblebrag” was first coined back in 2010 by the late US comedian Harris Wittels, and it describes when someone makes a seemingly modest statement, but the actual purpose is to bring attention to something they are proud of.
The example above is a modesty-based humblebrag. The person wants to tell others: “I got accepted to Harvard and Oxford!” However, they don't want to seem too proud of their accomplishments. So, instead, they word it in a way to be more modest and bring down the importance of their achievements.
Although people who humblebrag think it will make them more likeable because they aren’t talking proudly about their victories, a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology showed that humblebragging actually has the opposite effect.
“Humblebragging doesn’t have the intended result because it seems insincere. That ‘poor me’ attitude combined with self-promotion does not lead to a favorable impression,” said Ovul Sezer, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of organizational behavior at the University of North Carolina, US. “ Even simply bragging or complaining (抱怨) is better, because at least those messages are seen as more sincere.”
Sezer’s study also found that nearly 60% of humblebrags were complaint-based humblebragging, with most people humblebragging about their looks, followed by their money or wealth, and finally about their performance at work. “It’s such a common phenomenon. All of us know some people in our lives, whether in the social media or in the workplace, who do this annoying thing,” commented Sezer, adding that we all do it to some extent.
So, if you want to share your achievements with others, what’s the best way to do it then? Sezer suggests that people admit their self-promotion and harvest the rewards of being sincere. She also suggests finding a go-between, adding, “If someone brags for you, that’s the best thing that can happen to you, because then you don’t seem like you’re bragging.”
28．The underlined word “coined” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.
A．recognized B．invented
C．bought D．copied
29．Which of the following can be considered as humblebragging?
A．Hesitating to talk about your achievements.
B．Bringing people’s attention to your achievements.
C．Talking proudly about your achievements in the social media.
D．Pretending to be modest when talking about your achievements.
30．What is Sezer’s attitude towards humblebragging?
A．Cautious. B．Ambiguous.
C．Supportive. D．Disapproving.
31．What does Sezer suggest people do when it comes to sharing achievements?
A．Share their achievements with their best friends.
B．Bring down the importance of their achievements.
C．Find someone else to talk about their achievements.
D．Talk about their achievements after someone else does.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了术语“humblebragging”的含义，并对这种行为进行了分析和评价。
28．D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句中的“it describes when someone makes a seemingly modest statement, but the actual purpose is to bring attention to something they are proud of”（它描述的是某人做了一个看似谦虚的陈述，但实际目的是让人们注意到他们引以为傲的事情）可知，选项D（在谈论自己的成就时假装谦虚。）可以被认为是“humblebragging”。故选D。
29．D【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Even simply bragging or complaining (抱怨) is better, because at least those messages are seen as more sincere.”（即使只是简单的吹嘘或抱怨也更好，因为至少这些信息看起来更真诚。）可知，Sezer认为“Humblebragging”很不真诚。所以他的态度是不赞同的。故选D。
30．D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“If someone brags for you, that's the best thing that can happen to you, because then you don't seem like you're bragging”（如果有人向你吹嘘，这对你来说是最好的事情，因为这样你看起来就不像是在吹牛）可知，Sezer建议人们在炫耀成就时应该在别人这样做了之后再谈论自己的成就。故选D。