2023届高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词课件1

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词课件1，共58页。PPT课件主要包含了 不定式， 表语 ，你决定了要外出吗 ，目的状语，目的状语 ，结果状语，原因状语 ，原因状语，结果状语 ， 表示原因等内容，欢迎下载使用。

非谓语动词（the Nn-finite Verbs）
  在英语中，不是用作句子谓语，而是用于担任其它语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。它有三种形式：
1.不定式（the infinitive）
2.分词(the participle)
3.动名词（the gerund）
1．构成 不定式由不定式记号t加动词原形构成。例如：t write。及物动词的不定式可以带宾语，例如：t write a letter。 不定式还可以被状语修饰，例如：t read the text slwly。 不定式的否定结构由不定式记号前加nt构成，例如：nt t g hme.
不定式前还可以加某些疑问代词，如wh, what, which，或疑问副词，如when, where, hw, why 等，构成一种特殊的不定式短语。 如：what t d next, hw t get there， where t g.
不定式还可以有逻辑主语，构成另一种特殊的不定式短语。它由“fr +名词（或代词）+不定式”构成，如:
It is difficult fr a freigner t learn Chinese. I fund it impssible fr him t d the jb alne.
[注] 在表示人物性格、特征等的形容词后面，常 用 f 引出不定式的逻辑主语。 It was wise f him t d that. It was very kind f yu t say s. I think it wrng f him nt t accept ur invitatin.
2．一般用法： 不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语（或主语）的补语。也就是说，不定式可以担任除谓语之外的所有成分。
1). 主语 T make a decisin withut knwing all the facts is difficult.
不了解全部情况而作决定是困难的。
T make a plan fr ur future is imprtant.
为我们的未来制定计划很重要。
Hw t get enugh capital is still a questin.
怎样筹集到足够的资金仍然是个问题。
不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而用引导词it作形式主语，放在谓语动词前面。上述三句可改为： It is difficult t make a decisin withut knwing all the facts. It is imprtant t make a plan fr ur future. It is still a questin hw t get enugh capital.
His plan is t spend a few days in the muntain.
他计划在山里呆几天。
Her wish is t marry an hnest yung man.
她的愿望是嫁给一个诚实的年轻人。
Lei Feng’s nly desire was t be useful t the peple and the cuntry.
雷锋唯一的愿望是做一个对人民和国家 有用的人。
3). 宾语 常跟不定式作宾语的动词有：affrd (担负的起) agree (同意) arrange (安排) ask (要求) attempt (试图) beg (乞求) care (介意) chse (选择) claim(声称) cnsent (同意) dare (敢) decide (决定) decline (谢绝) desire (希望) determine (决心) expect (期望) fail (未能) hpe (希望) intend (企图) learn (学会) lng (渴望) manage (设法) mean (意欲) need (需要) ffer (提出) plan (计划) prepare (准备) pretend (假装) prmise (许诺) refuse (拒绝) seek (寻求) tend (倾向于) threaten (威胁) undertake (承担) vlunteer (志愿) want (想要) wish (希望)
He ffered t g with us.
他提出和我们一块去。
I dn’t knw where t get the bks.
我不知道在哪能弄到这些书。
I like t g fr walks in the warm sunshine.
我喜欢在温暖的阳光下散步。
I hpe t have mre pprtunities t talk with peple wh speak English.
我希望有更多的机会与说英语的人交流。
He prmised nt t tell anyne abut it.
他答应过不会将此事告诉任何人。
常跟疑问词（以及whether 和if）+不定式作宾语的动词有： ask (询问) cnsider (考虑) decide (决定) discver (发现) discuss (讨论) explain (解释) find ut (查明) frget (忘记) inquire (打听) knw (知道) learn (学会) remember (记得) shw (演示) tell (说出) think (考虑) understand (懂得) wnder (想知道)
They asked hw t get t the railway statin.
他们问如何能去火车站。
Have yu decided whether t g fr an uting?
4). 定语不定式作定语时须放在被修饰的名词或代词后。Perhaps this wuld be a gd chance t g abrad.I must leave the cmpany. There’s nthing fr me t d.She usually has a lt f meetings t attend in the evenings.She was the nly ne t lk after the child.The decisin t give up the experiment surprised me.
5). 状语 不定式可以作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。这样的状语通常表示目的、结果、原因等。
In 1918 he went t Japan t study medical science.
T earn mre mney fr his family, he sld newspapers in his spare time.
A few years later she came hme t find that her hmetwn had greatly changed.
We are prud t be builders f the new century.
I am very pleased t receive yur letter f May 21st.
另外，不定式常用在enugh, s…as, s as, in rder 等词或词组之后，作目的，结果状语。例如：
He is nt ld enugh t drive a car.
She was s angry as t be unable t speak.
It is t late t d anything nw.
G in quietly s as nt t wake the baby.
She decided t wrk hard in rder t (s as t) catch up with the thers.
并且，不定式还可以作独立成分，相当于句子的状语。
T be fair, he has wrked hard these days.
公平地说，这些日子他干得很努力。
We dn’t like yur ideas, t tell yu the truth.
坦率地说，我们不赞成你的主意。
6). 补语 a). 宾语补足语 有些及物动词的宾语后常有不定式作宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，这样意义才能完整。这些及物动词有 ask (要求) tell (告诉) invite (邀请) frce (迫使） get (让) allw (允许) wish (希望) want (要) like (喜欢) hate (不喜欢) help (帮助) leave (留给) expect (期望) prefer (宁愿) encurage (鼓励) advise (劝告) persuade (劝说) permit (允许) remind (提醒) request(要求) rder (命令) warn (警告) mean (打算) cause (使得)
He asked yu t call him back at 11. They didn't’t allw her t park the car in this street. Please remind me t take my medicine tmrrw. 但是有些及物动词的复合宾语中作宾语补足语的不定式不带t，如make, let, see, hear, watch, ntice, feel 等。 Mr. Brwn made me stay in New Yrk fr tw mre weeks. Did yu ntice him leave the huse? She wn’t let her pr sn suffer like this. I shall have her wrk fr yur cmpany.
b). 主语补足语 He was brave t dive frm cliff. Animals are said t build their huses by instinct. 不定式作主语补语时，即使在make, let, see, hear, watch, ntice, feel 等词后，不定式记号t也不能省略。She was nticed t leave the museum.They were made t wrk day and night.
3. 时态和语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化。以write为例，具体形式如下：
1). 一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作，通常与主要谓语动词的动作或状态几乎同时发生或在其后发生。 She was seen t enter the hall. Yu can cunt n us t give yu full supprt.
2). 进行式 不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 They seem t be getting alng quite well. They are said t be building anther bridge acrss the river.
3). 完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 I am srry t have kept yu waiting. She seems t have read the bk befre. He is said t have written a new bk abut mdern business English.
4). 被动式 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。 It is an hnr fr me t be asked t speak here. She preferred t be given mre wrk t d.
II 分词（现在分词和过去分词）
分词有两种形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词原形加-ing 构成，过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成。 1．  分词的用法 分词在句中可担当定语、表语、状语和补语。
1）  定语Wh is the lady standing by the dr?Dn’t disturb the sleeping by.We can see nly the part f the mn lighted by sunlight.The arrested murderer will be tried sn.
2）  状语 分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步和伴随情况等。
Relying n ur wn effrts, we vercame all the difficulties.
Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy.
The teacher walked arund the classrm, using his hands t help in his explanatin.
The child fell, striking his head against the dr and cutting it.
The students went ut f the schl, laughing and talking.
Given better attentin, the trees culd grw better.
为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时可在分词前加when, while, if 等连词。When leaving the airprt, she waved again and again t us.Be careful when crssing the street.While waiting fr the train, I had a lng talk with Jane.
分词有时可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语（及与句子的主语不一致），这种结构称为独立结构，可表示时间、原因、条件或伴随的动作或情况。
The hlidays being ver, they began t get dwn t d their wrk again.
S many peple being absent, we decided t put the meeting ff.
Weather permitting, the ftball match will be played n Wednesday.
We went far int the frest, her father acting as a guide.
有时，这样的独立结构还可以用介词with 引导。 He std there with his hands crssed befre him. With tears rlling dwn her cheeks, she carefully cvered her mther’s bdy with sand.
3）  表语The news is exciting.His argument is very cnvincing.The cup was brken.
4）  补语 常跟分词作宾语的动词有： have (让，使) keep (使处于某种状态) get (使得) see (看见) find (发现) leave (使处于某种状态) feel (感觉到) make (使) want (想要) hear (听到) start (引起) set (使处于某种状态) ntice (注意到) bserve (观察) watch (注视)
Dn’t yu see him cming twards us?She suddenly heard smene kncking at the dr.When I entered the rm, I fund him reading smething alud.
当谓语动词变为被动语态时，原主动语态句中的宾语变成主语，原宾语补足语变为主语补足语。The children were heard singing the sng.The news was made knwn at last.We were kept waiting fr mre than three hurs.
在see, hear, feel, watch, ntice 等动词后既可接现在分词也可以接不带t的不定式。现在分词强调动作正在进行和发展中，而不定式表示动作的全过程已经结束。 She saw the man getting n the truck. She saw the man get n the truck and drive ff. --- Did yu hear smene kncking at the dr? --- Yes, I heard him knck three times.
2. 分词的时态和语态
1）完成式 现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示这个动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 Having dne his hmewrk, the by began t watch TV. Having watered the vegetables, the farmer tk a shrt rest. Having studied hard during the term, he passed the exam.
2). 被动式 现在分词的被动形式不仅表示被动的动作，而且表示这个动作正在发生，或这个动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 The bridge being built there will be ne f the lngest in China. This is ne f the experiments being carried n in ur lab. Being surrunded, the enemy were frced t put dwn their guns.
3). 完成被动式 现在分词的完成被动式不仅表示被动的动作，而且表示这个动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 Having been given such a gd chance, hw culd she give it up? Having been tld that sme guests were cming, she shpped all mrning in that super market.
III 动名词 1．  用法 1）  主语Reading alud is very imprtant in learning a freign language.Talking mends n hles.Seeing is believing.Breathing has becme mre difficult here.
在某些结构中，也可用it作形式主语放在句首，而将实际主语（即动名词）放到句尾。It is n use asking his advice.It is a waste f time discussing such matters.It is n gd selling all yur prducts at reduced prices.
2). 表语 Her jb is nursing the disabled. The real prblem is getting t knw the needs f the custmers.
动名词和不定式都可以作主语和表语。一般来说，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词；在表示具体某次动作或将来发生的动作时，多用不定式。例如:
Reading nvels is my favrite thing in the spare time. T read this nvel is this week’s hmewrk. Their jb is building huses. Their wrk is t build anther bridge acrss the river.
3). 宾语 a). 常见的只可接动名词作宾语的动词有： admit (承认) avid (避免) cnsider (考虑) delay (耽搁) deny (否认) endure (忍耐) enjy (喜欢) escape (逃避) excuse (原谅) finish (完成) frbid (严禁) imagine (想象) mind (介意) miss (错过) permit (允许) pstpne (推迟) practise (练习) require (需要) risk (冒危险做) suggest (建议)
He suggested spending anther day in the muntain area.I enjy seeing yu and talking abut ld times.There’s n way t escape ding the wrk.Excuse my pening yur letter by mistake.还有一些动词短语也要求接动名词做宾语。常见的有：can’t help (禁不住) feel like (想，欲) give up (放弃) keep n (继续进行) bject t (反对) put ff (推迟)
b). 常见的既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词有：like (喜欢) prefer (宁愿) hate (不喜欢) begin (开始) regret (懊悔) start (开始) cntinue (继续) intend (打算) want (需要) attempt (企图) prpse (提议) deserve (值得) need (需要) remember (记得) frget (忘记)
在like, hate , prefer 等动词后，如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词做宾语；如指特定或具体的某次行动，则用不定式。 I like reading bks f this kind, but I dn’t like t read that bk. She prefers walking t cycling.
在begin, start 和cease之后，如果表示有意识地开始或停止某动作，多用动名词；如果动作自动或突然开始或停止则多用不定式。He began talking abut his plan fr summer hlidays.Suddenly it began t rain.When did yu begin learning chess?
在remember, frget, regret等动词后，其区别比较大。
I remember seeing her nce smewhere.
我记得在哪里见过她。
I must remember t write t yu this evening.
我一定要记住今晚给你写信。
I regret nt having taken yur advice.
我后悔没有听你的劝告。
I regret t say that we can’t accept yur price.
我遗憾地说，我们不能接受你的价格。
Need, want 后面的动名词具有被动意义。Yur suit needs irning. (… t be irned.)The plants want watering. (… t be watered.)
4). 介词宾语 Man’s dream f flying in space has cme true. He always cnsulted thers befre ding anything She left withut saying gdbye t us. She hurried back t schl fr fear f missing t many lessns. They all bject t putting the meeting ff.
5). 同位语 His habit, studying at night, remains unchanged. That is her favrite pastime, playing bridge .
1）  一般式 动名词的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在其后发生。Children enjy reading picture-stry bks.He nly tk interest in buying a secnd-hand cmputer.
2）  完成式 动名词的完成式所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词的动作之前。He was praised fr having made such a cntributin t his cmmunity.I aplgized fr nt having kept my prmise.I regret having tld her the news.
3）被动形式 当动名词逻辑上的主语是动名词动作的对象时，动名词一般要用被动形式。 He did all these withut being asked by anyne. He insisted n being treated as an rdinary emplyee. She didn't mind being left alne at hme.