译林版英语七年级下册unit1Dream homes知识点全解

译林版英语七年级下册知识点全解Unit 1 Dream homes  Part One  Comic strip 重点全解1、Would you like to live in a palace, Eddie.（P 6）① Would you like/love to do sth.? 用来征求对方意见，意为“你想要做某事吗？”，肯定回答用Yes, I’d like/love to. 否定回答用“Sorry, I am afraid......”。例如： ---Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?--- Yes, I’d like to.② Would you like sth.表示“你想要……吗？”，肯定回答用Yes, please。否定回答用No thanks.例如： ---Would you like some apples?--- No thanks2、No. I’d like to next to a restaurant.（P 6）Next to表示“紧邻，在……近旁”。例如：Tom lives next to Daniel.3、The biggest one in Fifth street!（P 6）句中的one是不定代词，用来指代前面所提及的那一类人或物，用以指代单数可数名词。It用来指代前面提及过的那个人或物，用以指代单数可数名词或不可数名词。例如： I lost my watch. I want to buy one.I lost my watch but luckily a man returned it to me after three days. Part Two Welcome to the unit A重点全解1、Simon wants to learn about foreign countries.（P 7）learn about表示“了解”。例如： The foreign visitors like learning about Chinese culture.2、Help him write the names of the countries under the photos. （P 7）help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”；help sb. with sth.“帮助某人某事”。例如： The boy helped the old woman to cross the road.She always helps him with his homework.B重点全解1、I see. Where is it?（P 7）I see表示“我明白”。2、Is Tokyo the capital of Japan?（P 7）capital表示“首都、省会”，the capital of+表示国家或者省的名字，意为“……的首都或者省会”。例如： London is the capital of the UK.Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu. Part Three  Reading 重点全解1、Simon wants to learn about homes around the world. （P 8）around the world“全世界”，相当于all over the world或者throughout the world.例如：Thousands of visitors all over the world come to the Great Wall every year.2、I live in a town 15 miles from London. （P 8）距离+(away) from some place“离某地有多少距离”，far away from“离……很远”。例如：My home is far away from school. 我家离学校很远。3、I always have fun with my dog there. （P 8）have fun“玩地开心”相当于have a good time或者enjoy oneself。have fun/have a good time doing sth.“做某事很开心”。例如：All the students have fun learning English.4、I live in a flat in the centre of Moscow. （P 8）in the centre of “在……中心”。例如：They live in the centre of the city.5、After dinner, we like to watch TV and chat there. （P 8）like to do sth.表示一次性动作，意为“想要做某事”；like doing sth.表示习惯性动作，意为“喜欢做某事”。例如：I like swimming but I don’t like to swim this afternoon because it is a little cold.6、I share a bedroom with my sister. （P 8）share及物动词，表示“分享、何用” 。share sth. with sb.“与某人分享/合用某物”。例如：The boy wouldn’t like to share the toys with other children.7、We often listen to music in bed. （P 8）in bed意为“（躺）在床上”。on the bed意为“在床上”。例如： Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.She puts the book on the bed.8、I have my own bedroom and bathroom, and I like the balcony best. （P 8）own“自己的”，one’s own sth.=sth. of one’s own“某人自己的……”。例如：Do you have your own computer?own的用法拓展① on one’s own“独自地”，相当于by oneself。We should learn to live on our own.② own作动词，表示“拥有”相当于have。I own a new flat.9、I love to sit there and look out at the beach and the sea. （P 8）① look out“向外看”，若表示“向外看某物”用look out at sth. 若表示“向……外看”用look out of。例如：Don’t look out of the window in class.② look out还可以表示“小心”，“对……小心”用look out for例如：Look out for the coming bus.10、The bedroom is the best place to chat and watch TV. （P 9）to chat and watch TV是动词不定式，在句中定语，修饰place。例如：He is the first student to come to school.  Part Four  Grammar 重点全解1、The CN tower is 1,815 feet tall. （P 11）1,815 feet tall意为“1815英尺高”。“数词+表单位的词+形容词（长、宽、高、深等）”，表示“……长/宽/高/深等”，在句中作表语。例如：The bridge is 10 metres wide and 50 metres long.2、Red Square in Moscow is about 91,000 square metres in size. （P 11）square表示“正方形的、平方的”，square metres表示“平方米”。另外，square作名词表示“广场”。例如： The room is 200 square feet.The Tian’anmen Square is in Beijing.3、France has an area of over 260,000 square miles. （P 11）① have an area of“占……面积”，可以和含有in size的句子进行同义句转换。例如： China has an area of 9,600,000 square kilometres.=China is 9,600,000 square kilometres in size.② over“超过”，相当于more than。例如： My father is over forty.数  词1、数词的定义：表示数目多少或顺序先后的词为数词。2、数词的分类：数词可分为基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量的多少，序数词表示顺序的先后。3、数词的用法 基数词的用法I. 基数词的构成。基数词1-12是独立的单词。one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成，其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数构成，中间加上连字符“-”。twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight三位数以上的基数词，百位数和十位数之间用and连接。two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位，在表示“万”和“亿”时，把“万”念成10个千，“十万”念成100个千，“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。10,000：ten thousand100,000: a hundred thousand100,000,000: a hundred million35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-fiveII. hundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法。hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示确切数字时，只用其单数形式；但是在表示不确切数字时，要用其复数形式，并且与of连用，表示约数。e.g:1. There are more than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。   2. Thousands of visitors travel to the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的游客游玩长城。III. 基数词表示编号。例如：Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课  Room 306  306房间   Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页    Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班② 序数词的用法。I. 序数词的构成。序数词1-3是独立的单词。first, second, third基数词4-19是在基数词后面加-th构成，其中fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth是不规则变化。fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth整十的基数词20-90变序数词时，变y为i再加“eth”。twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eighties, ninetieth21以上非整十基数词变序数词时，只需将其个位数变成序数词，其它位数仍用基数词。twenty-first, seventy-sixth, two hundred and eighty-eighthII. 使用序数词时，前面经常加上定冠词the。e.g: 1. He is always the first person to reach school. 他总是第一个到达学校。2. This is the third time for me to go to Beijing. 这是我第三次去北京。4、各种数的表达I. 日期的表达。英语中的日期表达采用“月、日、年”或“日、月、年”的顺序。年份用基数词表达，日期用序数词表达。例如：10月1日：October 1st / the first of October2006年7月5日：July 5th, 2006 / the fifth of July, 2006II. 时间的表达。直接表达法用基数词 + o’clock来表示整点，注意o’clock须用单数，可以省略。例如：eight o’clock 八点钟，ten (o’clock) 十点钟用基数词按“钟点 + 分钟”的顺序直接写出时间。例如：eleven five 十一点零五分，six forty六点四十间接表达法如果分钟数少于30分钟，可用分钟 + past + 钟点表示，其中past是介词，意思是“过”。例如：twenty past four 四点二十 eight past one 一点零八分如果分钟数多于30分钟，可用（60分钟-原分钟数）+ to +（原钟点数+ 1）表示，其中to是介词，意思是“差”。例如：8:35 可表示为twenty-five to nine 差二十五分钟九点，即八点三十五（其中的分钟数twenty-five 是由60分钟减去35分钟得到的；钟点数nine是由8加上1得到的）。注意：① 当分钟数是15分钟时，可用名词quarter （一刻钟）表示。例如：7:15可表示为 a quarter past seven， 12:15可表示为 a quarter past twelve② 当分钟数是30分钟时，可用名词half （一半）表示。例如：9:30 可表示为 half past nine，3:30可表示为 half past three。III. 数量词的用法。表示长、宽、高，用“基数词+单位词（meter, kilometer, foot, inch等）+形容词（long, wide, high等）” 表示。two meters long 两米长three inches high 三英尺高four inches wide 四英寸宽表示时间、距离时，用含有数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes’ walk 步行五分钟two hours’ ride 骑车两小时由数词和其它名词组成的复合数词，其中的名词用单数形式，各部分之间用连字符“-”来连接。a three-month-old baby 一个三个月大的婴儿a five-day holiday 五天的假期④ 复合数词相当于一个形容词，用来修饰名词，不能作表语。The building is ten meters high.（√）This is a ten-meter-high building.（√）The building is ten-meter-high.（×）This is a ten meters high building.（×）IV.分数的表达。分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s表示复数。例如：1/3  one third    3/8  three eighths“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词单复数，取决于名词的单复数。名词为单数则谓语动词用单数，名词为复数则谓语动词用复数。e.g: 1. Two thirds of the land is covered with water. 三分之二的陆地都是被水所覆盖的。2. One fifth of the students come from the countryside. 五分之一的学生来自农村。 Part Five  Integrated skills 重点全解1、He sent it to Simon. （P 13）send sb. sth. =send sth. to sb. “送给某人某物”。例如： send me the salt.=send the salt to me.2、Your house is really different from the flats here in our town.（P 14）be different from“与……不同”。例如： My hat is different from yours.3、Your garden is full of flowers.（P 14）be full of“充满……、满是……”，相当于be filled with。例如： The room is full of books.=The room is filled with books.4、I hope to visit your home some day.（P 14）① hope to do sth. “希望做某事”例如： He hopes to have a happy family.② some day“将来的某一天，总有一天”，也可以写作someday。例如： Your dream will come true some day/someday.5、May I speak to Daniel, please?（P 14）May I speak to...是电话用语，表示“我可以和某某人说话吗？”，常用的电环用语还有：Who is speaking, please? 请问您是哪一位？Is that...(speaking)? 你是……吗？This is...(speaking). 我是……6、Can I take a passage?（P 14）take a message 意为“传个话，捎个口信”，take a message for...意为“给……捎个口信”。leave a message意为“给……捎个信儿”。例如： Could you take a message for Tony?Why don’t you leave a message?7、Can you ask him to call me back?（P 14）call sb. back意为“回电话”，宾语是名词时，放在call与back中间或者后面都可以；宾语为人称代词时，只能放在call与back中间。例如： call Tom back=call back Tom Part Six  Task 1、My dream home is at the foot of a hill.（P 17）at the foot of 意为“在……脚下”。例如： There are many trees at the foot of the hill.2、There is a football field behind my house and a swimming pool beside it.（P 17）① field表示“田地、田野”，in the field“在地里”，“在农场上”用on the farm。② beside介词，表示“在……旁边”。例如： The girl sat beside her mother.3、There is a kitchen and a home cinema on the ground floor.（P 17）英式英语中，the ground floor指楼房的底层，the first floor指二楼；美式英语中“一楼”用the first floor，“二楼”用the second floor。4、There is always more than enough food there.（P 17）more than enough表示“足够多”，more than“多于”相当于over，enough除了可以作形容词修饰名词，还可以作副词修饰形容词和副词，位于形容词和副词后面，构成“adj./adv.+enough to do sth.”表示“足够……能够做某事”。例如： More than three hundred people take part in the activity.He is old enough to go to school.5、I would like to invite my friends to watch films with me at the weekend.（P 17）动词invite的用法：I. invite sb. to sth. 邀请某人She invited him to her 26th birthday party.他邀请我参加她26岁生日晚会。II. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事He invited me to go with him.他要请我和他一起去。III. invite的名词形式是invitation“邀请”。She refused his invitation.他拒绝了她的邀请。6、Each room has a new computer.（P 17）each可以作形容词或者代词，意为“每个”强调个体，在句中作定语、主语和同位语；every作形容词，意为“每个”强调整体。例如： Each of us has a room.=We each have a room.Every boy is here.7、My friends like to come and stay here.（P 17）stay作不及物动词，意为“停留、逗留”；stay也可以作系动词，表示某种状态的延续，后面接形容词作表语。例如： Don’t stay here. It is dangerous.The door stays open for a whole day.     短语和句型归纳 短语归纳  next to 靠近in town 在城里the capital of...  ……的首都in the centre of 在……中心have fun 玩得开心look out 向外看；小心living room客厅dining room 餐厅be full of 充满of one’s own 属于某人自己的some day 将来有一天take a message 捎个口信washing machine 洗衣机at the foot of 在……脚下in front of 在……前面a football field 一个足球场have parties 举行聚餐in bed 躺在床上square metre 平方米have an area of 占有……面积be different from 与……不同 句型归纳 love to do sth. 喜欢做某事listen to sth. 听某物hope to do sth.希望做某事would like to do sth.愿意做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事like sth. best 最喜欢某物share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物call sb. back 给某人回电话