人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions精品课后练习题

课时把关练

Part II  Reading and Thinking

基础知识练

Ⅰ. 单词拼写

1. What p 　　　　　　（迷惑） me is why he left the country without telling anyone.

2. Though they all live n 　　　　　　（在附近），I lost contact with them really quickly.

3. The attack has caused severe damage to American naval and m 　　　　　　（军事的） forces.

4. The body has natural d 　　　　　　（防御） mechanisms to protect it from disease.

5. There is a lot of e 　　 　　　　（证据）that stress is partly responsible for disease.

6. The village was used as the l 　　　　　　（地点） for a popular TV series.

7. S 　　　　　　（围绕；包围） yourself with good people who love you and inspire you.

8. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and

a 　　　　　　（成就）.

Ⅱ. 用所给短语的适当形式填空

1. This suggestion will certainly  　　　　　　 an argument.

2. They visited some factories，hospitals  　　　　　　 the school.

3. She decided that I was the ideal person to  　　　　　　 the job.

4. It was wrong for him  　　　　　　 all his good friends.

5. This latest incident will  　　　　　　 the pressure on the government.

6. My family has a vase，which is said  　　　　　　 Ming Dynasty.

Ⅲ. 根据汉语提示完成句子

1. Can you tell me  　　　　  　　　　  　　　　（……之间的区别）“quiet” and “silent”?

2. With the help of the teacher，I  　　　　  　　　　  　　　　 （解决了这个难题）in the end.

3. My grandpa lives in a small village which  　　　　  　 　　　  　　　　（被……环绕）water on all sides.

4.  　　　 　  　　　　  　　　　（无论你到哪里），you will receive a warm welcome.

5. Teachers in kindergarten are sometimes  　　　　  　　　　  　　　　（被称为）leaders of children.

6.  　　　　  　　　　  　　　　（了解一些）the history of Dai Temple will make your visit more enjoyable.

Ⅳ. 单句语法填空

1. When I was walking on the street，I saw two travelers were reading a map，looking  　　　　　　（puzzle）.

2. The teacher，as well as his students， 　　　　　　（sing） a song when I passed the classroom.

3. All of the villagers were fighting against the flood in 　 　　 　　　 （defend） of their own homes.

4.  　　　　　　（surround） by rows of trees，our school stands out from all the other buildings.

5. In order to prove that he is innocent，some new  　　 　　　　 （evident） is needed.

6. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for her great  　　　　　　（achieve）.

7.  　　　　　　（locate） where the Belt meets the Road， Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road Initiative.

8. Children under sixteen are not  　　　　　　（legal） allowed to buy cigarettes.

9. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly，  　　　　　　（say）that I had a talent for football.

10. We were invited  　　　　　　（attend）a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

Ⅴ. 一句多译

1. 该经理脱离了这家公司，给公司造成了巨大的损失。

① The manager broke away from this company， 　　　　  　　　　  　　　　 a great loss to it.（定语从句）

② The manager broke away from this company， 　　　　  　　　　 a great loss to it.（现在分词作状语）

2. 她拿走了属于她的一切东西。

① She took away everything  　　　　  　　　　  　　　　 her.（定语从句）

② She took away everything  　　　　  　　　　 her.（现在分词作定语）

3. 这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。

①The temple has a long history  　　　　  　　　　  　　　　  　　　　 the early period of the Tang Dynasty.（定语 从句）

② The temple has a long history  　　　　  　　　　  　　　　 the early period of the Tang Dynasty.（现在分词）

能力提升练

VI.教材语法填空

　When people hear the names—the United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England，they  are often

1. 　　　　（confuse） by what these different names mean and want to know the difference between them.

2. 　　　　（solve）this  puzzle. You had better know a little bit about British history.

　　In the 16th century，the country 3. 　　　　 （call）the Kingdom of England when the nearby country of Wales was joined to it. Two  4. 　　　　（century）later，it changed to the  Kingdom of Great Britain when the country Scotland  was joined to it. In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 5. 　　　　（final），in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away 6. 　　　　 the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

　　The four countries 7. 　　　　 belong to  the United Kingdom have many things in common， but they still have some differences，such as  education systems，legal systems，traditions as well 8. 　　　　 football teams for competitions like the World Cup!

　　The United Kingdom 9. 　　　　（go）through hard times in its history as many foreign invaders came to the country. They all had great influences on the country.

There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.

10. 　　　　（study） the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.

VII.完形填空

　　In terms of the original data in every way，the Chinese New  Year—the Spring Festival is the largest human event on the planet. In the seven 　1　 of the Lunar New Year holiday，Chinese are expected to 　2　 more than $100 billion on eating and shopping—almost twice as much as Americans spend on  Thanksgiving. 　3　，Chinese predictably buy railway tickets online at a 　4　 of more than 1，000 per second. But it’s 　5　 millions of Chinese people go home for the Spring Festival during“chunyun”. All these 　6　 take place at this time.

　　Authorities expect travelers to make 356  million trips by 　7　 during this year’s“chunyun” period. Taking the strain for the transportation is 　8　 China’s high-speed railway network，now  　9　 to more than 40，000 kilometers—the world’s longest. China’s total rail network

　10　 more than 150，000 kilometers and the second largest in the world after the United States.

　　The“chunyun”isn’t just a wonder of logistics（组织工作）；it also shows how modern China is changing.

　　Trains are packed with thousands of snoozing（打盹）　11　，reflecting education reforms that have greatly 　12　 the number of university places over the past decade.

　　Many of China’s new middle classes will choose to drive 　13　 cars and traffic jam is now a（n）　14　 feature of the holiday period.

　　Many others，however，will choose to 　15　  the confusion altogether and take a vacation abroad—increasingly an option for the new generation in China.

1. A. days  B. weeks C. months  D. years

2. A. cost  B. spend C. take   D. pay

3. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise  D. However

4. A. mercy  B. cost C. moment  D. rate

5. A. why  B. where C. when   D. how

6. A. surveys  B. events C. organizations D. wonders

7. A. air  B. sea C. rail   D. road

8. A. differently B. mainly C. clearly  D. frequently

9. A. increased  B. cycled C. paced   D. preferred

10. A. controls  B. reaches C. aims   D. shoots

11. A. leaders  B. workers C. students  D. colleagues

12. A. reduced  B. expanded C. failed   D. started

13. A. expensive B. pretty C. private  D. cheap

14. A. regular  B. strange C. important  D. necessary

15. A. develop  B. escape C. cause   D. carry

VIII.阅读理解

Hidden in the mountains of Jordan is the beautiful ancient city of Petra. It lay in ruins for more than a thousand years.

　　Petra was built in about 312 BC by the Nabataeans who were an ancient southern Arab people. They were very skilled at carving. It is no wonder that this ancient city has so much to offer!

　　In 363 AD，the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged. The buildings and the city’s water system were affected. A Swiss explorer，Johann Ludwig Burckhardt，discovered this city of wonders in  1812. Until he discovered Petra，it had been unheard of in the Western world for about 5 centuries!

　　Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock. The ancient city of Petra is also known as the“Rose City”. This is because the rock in which the city is built is a rose-red colour. Many of the buildings of Petra have beautiful facades（正面）. Some of the facades have columns carved into the rock，but they are for decoration and they don’t actually hold anything up.

　　Petra was built in the middle of the desert， where it hardly ever rained. Luckily，the Nabataeans were very skilled engineers and knew how to live in a hot and dry place. First，they carved channels to bring water from a nearby spring into the city. Rainwater was also collected in underground channels. The water was then stored. So，even in the long dry months there was enough water for people to use.

　　Today，Petra is one of the world’s most famous ancient sites and people come from all over the world to visit it.

1. What do we know about Petra?

A. It was built on high mountains. B. It has a history of five centuries.

C. It was destroyed by earthquakes. D. It was first visited by westerners in 363 AD.

2. Why is the city named“Petra”?

A. Some of it is a rose-red colour. B. Some of it is filled with roses.

C. Some of it is home to animals. D. Some of it is built into the rock.

3. What is the purpose of the columns?

A. To beautify the buildings. B. To support the buildings.

C. To function as gates.  D. To serve as tools.

4. Which word can best describe the Nabataeans?

A. Honest.    B. Creative.

C. Easy-going.   D. Well-educated.

课时把关练

Part II  Reading and Thinking

参考答案

Ⅰ. 1. puzzles 　 2. nearby 　 3. military   4. defence 　5. evidence 　6. location 　 7. Surround 　

8. achievements 　

Ⅱ. 1. result in　2. as well as　3. take over　4. to break away from　5. add to　6. to date back to

Ⅲ. 1. the difference between　2. solved the puzzle   3. is surrounded by　4. Everywhere you go　

5. referred to as　6. Knowing something about

Ⅳ. 1. puzzled 　句意：当我在街上散步时，我看到两个旅行者正在看地图，看起来很困惑。puzzled“迷惑不解的”，表示人的心理感受。

2. was singing 　句意：当我路过教室时，老师和他的学生们正在唱一首歌。as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时， 句子的谓语要和前面的名词或代词在数上保持一致。

3. defence 　句意：所有村民都在同洪水搏斗，保卫自己的家园。in defence of“防御”。

4. Surrounded 　句意：被成排的树包围着，我们学校从所有其他建筑物中脱颖而出。逻辑主语our school 与surround 之间是被动关系，所以用动词-ed 形式作状语。

5. evidence 　句意：为了证明他无罪，需要一些新的证据。根据new 可知应填名词形式。

6. achievements 　句意：由于她伟大的成就，屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖。根据great 可知，所填的词是名词形式。由于前面没有单数修饰语，所以用复数形式。

7. Located 　句意：由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处，江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。locate 和Jiangsu 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词-ed 形式作状语。

8. legally 　句意：法律不允许16 岁以下的儿童购买香烟。修饰动词要用副词形式。

9. saying 　句意：操场上所有的足球运动员都大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say 在这里作伴随状语，与主语players 之间是主动关系，故填saying。

10. to attend 　句意：我们被邀请去参加一个在美丽农场举行的私人音乐会…… be invited to do sth. 意为“被邀请做某事”。故填to attend。

Ⅴ. 1. ①which resulted in 　which 引导的是非限制性定语从句。

② resulting in 　resulting in... 是现在分词短语作状语。

2. ① that belongs to 　先行词是不定代词时，用that 引导定语从句。

② belonging to 　现在分词作定语。

3. ① which/that dates back to 　本句为含有定语从句的复合句，定语从句的先行词是history。

② dating back to 　现在分词作定语。

VI.1. confused　此处表示主语的心理感受，所以填confused。

2. To solve　作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。

3. was called　主语the country与call之间是被动关系，再根据时间状语可知要用一般过去时的被动语态。

4. centuries　century是可数名词，根据two可知要用复数形式。

5. Finally　所填的词修饰整个句子，所以填副词形式。

6. from　break away from“脱离”。

7. that/which　先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语， 所以填that或which。

8. as　as well as“也，还”，是固定搭配。

9. went　讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用一般过去时。

10. Studying　此处作主语，所以用动名词形式。

VII. 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。中国的春运创世界之奇迹，也是中国人津津乐道的话题。

1. A　根据In the seven...of the Lunar New Year holiday可知，此处是指春节的七天（day）假。

2. B　根据almost twice as much as Americans spend on Thanksgiving可知，在春节假期，中国人在饮食和购物上的花费（spend）预计将超过1 000亿美元。spend...on...花费……在……上面。cost花费（主语是事物）；spend花费 （主语是人）；take花费（主语通常是it）；pay支付，常和介词for搭配。

3. A　根据Chinese predictably buy railway tickets online可知，此外（moreover），中国人在网上购买火车票的预计速 度超过每秒1 000张。此处与前文是递进关系。therefore 因此；otherwise否则；however然而。

4. D　at a rate of...是固定搭配，意为“以……的速度”。

5. C　根据下文的take place at this time可知，此处指时间（when），用when引导表语从句，表示“……的时候”。

6. D　根据下文的just a wonder of logistics可知，所有这些奇迹（wonder）都发生在这个时候。survey调查；event事 件；organization组织。

7. C　根据下文的Taking the strain for the transportation... China’s high-speed railway network可知，此处应该用by rail，今年“春运”期间，旅客乘坐铁路（rail）出行预计将达3. 56亿人次。

8. B　根据China’s high-speed railway network可知，春运的主要（mainly）交通工具是高铁。differently不同地；clearly清楚地；frequently频繁地。

9. A　根据下文the world’s longest可知，如今中国高铁（运营里程）增长（increase）到了4万多千米。cycle循环；pace来回踱步；prefer较喜欢。

10. B　根据more than 150，000 kilometers and the second largest in the world after the United States可知，中国铁路网（运营）总里程达到（reach）15万多千米。control控 制；aim瞄准；shoot射击。

11. C　根据下文的the number of university places可知，火车上挤满了成千上万打盹儿的学生（student）。

12. B　根据下文的the number of university places可知，这反映出教育改革在过去十年里大大扩大（expand）了大学的名额。reduce减少；fail失败；start开始。

13. C　根据Many of China’s new middle classes可知，许多中国的新中产阶级会选择开私家（private）车。expensive昂贵的；pretty可爱的；cheap便宜的。

14. A　根据“Many of...feature of the holiday period.”可知，因为许多人开私家车，所以交通堵塞是个常规（regular）特征。

15. B　根据the confusion altogether and take a vacation abroad 可知，许多人会选择避开（escape）这种混乱，去国外度假。develop发展；cause引起；carry携带。

VIII.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了古城佩特拉。

1. C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“In 363 AD，the city suffered  from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged.”可知，这座古城被地震破坏了。

2. D　细节理解题。由第四段中的“Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock.”可知，佩特拉在希腊语中是石头的意思，而这个城市的一部分是建在岩石上的。

3. A　细节理解题。由第四段中的they are for decoration and they don’t actually hold anything up可知，这些柱子没有实际作用，仅作装饰而已。

4. B　推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，纳巴泰人在沙漠建起了佩特拉城，并用很智慧的方式解决了沙漠的缺水问题。由此可知，纳巴泰人很有创造力。