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高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots公开课ppt课件
展开这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots公开课ppt课件,共60页。PPT课件主要包含了课文结构图解,课堂整体阅读习题,题组练·领悟方法等内容,欢迎下载使用。
1 What is “Just-me-ism”? 2 Why is “Just-me-ism” a prblem? 3 D yu have any suggestins n hw t slve the prblem?
A slutin wuld be t make them understand that even the smallest actin can change the wrld,s they shuld take actin whenever pssible fr the envirnment,animals and their cmmunity. Fr example, they shuld turn the tap ff when brushing their teeth,turn the light ff when they leave a rm and pick up even little pieces f litter they drpped n the rad.
“Just-me-ism is a way f thinking that fcuses n caring fr just neself and ignres the envirnment,animals and the cmmunity.
There will be nbdy t care and lk after theenvirnment.
In the early 1990s
Dr. Jane Gdall
T inspire yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment, animals and their cmmunity.
Every individual matters.
1 What cntributin des Rts & Shts make t sciety? 2 What makes Dr. Jane Gdall think Rts & Shts can help slve the prblem f “ Just-me-ism”? 3 What is yur explanatin fr the tw qutes frm Dr. Jane Gdall?
Dr. Jane Gdall’s qutes mean that changing the rle is an individual act,because there are millins f peple wh can make a difference if they all act n their wn.
It inspires yung peple t build a future that is secure and t live tgether in peace with nature.
It encurages individuals t play a part in making the wrld a better place instead f just thinking abut themselves.
The writer uses the parallel structures t create a strng effect n readers s that they understand the writer’s pint better and reflect n their wn behaviur deeply as well.
t take actin
a firm fundatin
break pen brick walls
just-me-ism
leaving the tap running
live in peace
Functin: -ing(attributive 3; adverbial 5; cmplement 1) -ed( attributive 4; adverbial 2; cmplement 6)
Ⅰ 阅读理解(根据课文内容选择正确答案) 1. Why des the authr mentin “Just-me-ism” in Paragraph 1? A. T shw the imprtance f each individual. B. T reveal the damage humans d t the wrld. C. T call n peple t save energy. D. T infrm us f sme awful facts. 2. Fr what purpse was Rts & Shts funded? T teach peple hw t be a persn with a green thumb. B. T educate yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment. C. T prmte the study f chimpanzees. D. T help educate yung peple t have a bright future. 3. Wh des Rts & Shts represent? A. Researchers at the institute. B. Ordinary peple in peace with nature. C. Children in primary schls. D. Yung peple arund the wrld. 4. What des Rts & Shts emphasize? A. The imprtance f each individual. B. The imprtance f wildlife prtectin. C. The educatin f next generatin. D. The urgency f envirnmental prtectin.
Ⅱ 语法填空(根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文) Mst peple suffer 1 what is knwn as “Just-me-ism”. Actually,it is 2 (harm) t the wrld. 3 (inspire) yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment,animals and their cmmunity, Rts & Shts 4 (establish). The rganizatin is called Rts & Shts because rts mve 5 (slw) under the grund t make a firm 6 (fund), and shts can break pen brick walls 7 (reach) the light. The value and imprtance f each individual is 8 Rts & Shts is all abut. Dr. Jane Gdall thinks each individual has a rle 9 (play) and every individual makes10 difference.
was established
Language pints
核心词汇 教材原句p.31 Rts & Shts 根与芽1 rt n. & v. (1)n. 树根;根源,起因;起源,基础搭配:put dwn rts (植物)生根;定居take rt(植物)生根;(思想)植根,深入人心 be/lie at the rt f sth 是某事物的根本原因have ne’s rts in... 起源于…… tree rts 树根 We have t get t the rt f the prblem.我们必须找到问题的根源。 What lies at the rt f the prblem is their lack f interest. 这一问题的根本原因是他们缺乏兴趣。Flamenc has its rts in Arabic music. 弗拉明科起源于阿拉伯音乐。 (2)vi. & vt.(使)生根搭配 :be rted in sth 起源于某事物 rted t the spt/grund/flr(震惊、惊讶或害怕得)呆住不动rt ut 根除,杜绝(问题);搜寻 rt up 将(植物)连根拔起/ 挖起 Mary was rted t the grund at the bad news. 听到这个坏消息,玛丽呆若木鸡。This feeling f rejectin is ften deeply rted in childhd. 这种受排斥的感觉往往起源于童年,根深蒂固。
◆单句语法填空(1) Leave me alne in a ltus pnd,and I knw hw t harvest and prepare the ________ ( rt). (2) The trees failed (rt) and died. (3) The villagers cut dwn the big trees and rted the stumps(树桩). ◆完成句子 (4) Early frms f cake were simply a kind f bread,s this traditin (起 源于) the custm f sharing bread. (5) After ten years travelling the wrld,she felt it was time t __________________________ (找个地方定居). (6) (……的根本原因)his trubles is a sense f insecurity.
has its rts in
put dwn rts smewhere
What is/lies at the rt f
2 sht n. & v. (1)n. 芽,苗;嫩枝;拍摄tender shts f eggplants 茄子的嫩苗 a fashin sht fr a magazine 为一家杂志拍摄的时装照(2)vi. & vt.(sht,sht)射中;射击;发射;拍摄搭配 : sht sb/sth 射中,射死(一定射中) sht at 向……射击(表示动作,不一定射中) sht sb in the head/back/leg 射中某人的头部/ 背部/ 腿部sht sb dead 开枪打死某人sht up 猛涨;迅速长高,蹿个儿
The hunter sht at the deer,but he didn’t sht it. 猎人朝那只鹿开枪,但他没有击中它。A man was sht in the leg. 一个人被射中腿部。 Where was the mvie sht? 那部电影是在哪儿拍的? ◆词语积累 sht n. 开枪;击球;照片;(电影中的)镜头;尝试fire a sht 开枪,射击 take a sht at(=sht at)朝……开枪/ 射击have a sht at 尝试…… give it a sht 尝试一下【误区警示】“ sht sb in + the + 身体
◆单句语法填空(1) One f her cusins (sht) dead nly a few streets away frm where she lived. (2) The hunter sht the bear,but he missed it. (3) After last week’s rain,the weeds have sht . (4) I tk a few mre shts the target,but missed.◆完成句子 (5) The murderer ( 射中那个人的后背) and stle the diamnd frm his suitcase. (6) David (尝试) cming clse t the injured sheep with care.
sht the man in the back
had a sht at
教材原句p.31 Mst peple suffer frm what is knwn as “Just-me-ism”.很多人都有所谓的“以自我为中心”的问题。3 suffer frm遭受……之苦;患……病suffer frm a bad back 背疼suffer frm a bad cld 患重感冒 suffer frm ill health 身体不好 suffer frm a headache/tthache头疼 / 牙疼 suffer frm stress承受压力 【用法比较】 suffer frm 后一般跟的是伤痛、疾病等引起痛苦的原因,suffer 后跟表示不愉快或损失的词语,也可以不跟任何宾语。suffer pain/hardship 经历痛苦 / 困难 suffer a defeat/a lss/damage/punishment遭受失败/损失/损害/惩罚 Anne suffered a lt during Wrld War Ⅱ. 安妮在第二次世界大战期间受了很多苦。◆词语积累 sufferer n. 受害者;患者 suffering n. 痛苦,苦难,折磨
◆单句语法填空(1) Yu always turned a deaf ear t ur advice, s yu deserve the (suffer) nw. (2)With n rains fr ver a year,the city is suffering unusually ht weather. (3) When Tm was a child,he (suffer) frm bullying—ther students were unkind t him. ◆完成句子 (4) Because f COVID-19,many cmpanies (已经遭受了 很大损失). (5) Tm (头疼), s I suggested that he shuld see a dctr.
suffering
have suffered great lsses
suffered frm a headache
教材原句p.31 yu drp a piece f litter and can’t be bthered t pick it up. ……或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。4 bthered adj. 担心的;烦恼的搭配:nt be bthered t d sth 懒得做某事 Mary can’t be bthered t prepare breakfast. 玛丽懒得做早饭。 ◆词语积累 bther vt. & vi. 麻烦;打扰;(使)担心,(使)苦恼bther t d/ding sth 费心做某事bther sb with/abut sth 拿某事来烦扰某人It bthers sb t d sth/that... ……让某人心烦。Why bther? 何必那么麻烦? Dn’t bther. 不用麻烦了。Dn’t bther t get dinner fr me tday. I’ll eat ut with my friends. 今天不用费心为我准备晚餐了。我要和我的朋友们出去吃。I can’t bther Mr King with my little affairs. 我不能拿我的区区小事去打扰金先生。It really bthered me that he’d frgtten my birthday. 他把我的生日忘了,我很不高兴。
◆单句语法填空(1) Smetimes I act as a listening ear fr fellw students t talk ver what (bther) them. (2) Please dn’t bther (buy)me an air ticket. I’ve gt ne. (3) The famus mvie star culd hardly walk dwn the street withut (bther). ◆完成句子 (4) (何必那么麻烦)? We can stay at hme and watch films nline. (5) I (懒得解释)why I was late fr the party. (6)—Shall I rder a taxi fr Sarah t g t the airprt tnight? — (不用麻烦了). I’ll drive her there.
is bthering
buying/t buy
being bthered
Why bther
culdn’t be bthered t explain
Dn’t bther
教材原句p.31 T inspire yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment,animals and their cmmunity... 为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区…… 5 take actin 采取行动 搭配 : take actin t d sth 采取行动做某事take actin against 采取行动反对…… We must take actin t deal with the prblem befre it spreads t ther areas. 在这一问题蔓延到其他地区之前我们一定要采取行动将其解决。Nancy decided t take actin against using plastic bags. 南希决定采取行动反对使用塑料袋。【归纳拓展】 take measures t d sth 采取措施做某事take steps t d sth 采取措施做某事d smething 动手去解决问题,做点什么Why didn’t they take steps t stp the fighting frm cntinuing? 他们为什么不采取措施阻止争斗的继续呢?
◆单句语法填空(1) It’s time t take actin the rising crime rate in ur city. (2) The lcal gvernment has taken actin (imprve)air quality. ◆完成句子 (3)We shuld ( 采取行动保护) thse endangered species. (4)[2020·天津卷]Lack f talent and time is n reasn fr (不采取 行动). (5) Officials have been careful t (采取措施阻止)any data leaks t ther cuntries.
take actin t prtect/ d smething t prtect
taking n actin
take measures/steps t prevent
教材原句p.31 This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Gdall... 这个组织于 20 世纪90 年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立…… 6 set up 建立,成立;创办;建起,竖起The United Natins was set up in 1945 and cnsists f mre than 190 cuntries. 联合国成立于1945 年,由190 多个国家组成。A fund will be set up fr the dead men’s families. 将为死者家属设立一项基金。The plice set up radblcks n rutes ut f the city. 警察在城外的路上设置了路障。【归纳拓展】 set abut ding sth =set ut t d sth 开始/ 着手做某事set aside 把……放到一旁;省出,留出(钱或时间) set dwn 记下,写下;制定;放下set ff 动身,出发;使爆炸;引起,激发set ut (fr)出发(去),动身(去) set sb free 释放某人set a date fr 确定……的日期set an example t/fr 为……树立榜样set fire t 点着…… 【一言助记】 The fisherman was set free. He set dwn his suitcase,set up a tent and set fire t sme wd t get warm. After he had set a date fr ging hme,he set abut preparing t set ut the next week. 渔夫被释放了。他放下行李箱,搭了个帐篷,烧了一些木头取暖。在确定了回家的日期之后,他开始做准备下周出发。
◆单句语法填空(1)With the help f his uncle,Peter set a cmpany f his wn. (2) If we had set her address, we wuldn’t have had difficulty finding her huse. (3)We need t set finding a way t deal with the prblem. (4) He decided t set a schl fr the pr children frm the muntain villages. (5) She sets a bit f mney every mnth fr the future use. ◆完成句子 (6) Armed with the infrmatin yu have gathered,yu can _________________________________ (着手准备)yur business plan. (7) One afternn the sailrs (出发)frm the cast in a small bat and were caught in a strm. (8) Lang Lang Internatinal Music Fundatin, ( 成立) ver 10 years ag,has raised millins f dllars t supprt yung musicians.
set abut preparing/set ut t prepare
set ff/set ut
(which was)set up
教材原句p.31 mve slwly under the grund t make a firm fundatin... ……根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的基础…… 7 firm adj. & n. (1)adj. 坚实的;稳固的;坚定的;坚决的;严格的a firm bed 结实的床 a firm base稳固的底座 hld a firm belief 持有坚定的信念 be firm with sb 对某人严格 a firm hand 强硬手段 It is hped that ur gvernment will take firm actin against crimes. 希望我国政府采取坚决行动打击犯罪。[词汇复现] There is firm evidence that smking is harmful t ur health. 有确凿的证据表明吸烟有害我们的健康。 (2)n. 公司,商行,事务所 She plans t set up a firm. 她计划成立一家公司。[词汇复现] a building/engineering/law firm一家建筑公司/工程公司/律师事务所 ◆词语积累 firmly adv. 坚定地;坚决地;坚信地
◆单句语法填空(1)[词汇复现]I (firm) believe that we must take actin at nce t put an end t the cnflict. (2) When Alice was a kid,her mther was firm her. ◆完成句子 (3) My mther ( 拥有坚定的信念)that educatin can change ne’s fate. (4) If the lcal gvernment (采取严厉行动) at nce,things will becme better sn. (5) Sme peple still claim that (没有确凿的证据) linking smking with lung cancer.
hlds a firm belief
takes firm actin
there is n firm evidence
8 fundatin n. 基础;地基搭配 : lay/prvide the fundatin(s) fr 为……打下基础shake/rck the fundatins f sth =shake/rck sth t its fundatins 从根本上动摇某事物;动摇某事物的基础 be withut fundatin=have n fundatin 没有根据 the fundatin f a civilized sciety 文明社会的基础 dig the fundatins f the building挖建筑物的地基 The agreement laid a firm fundatin fr future cperatin between the tw cuntries. 项协议为两国将来的合作打下了坚实的基础。◆词语积累 fund vt. 创建,创办;建立,兴建funder n. 创办者,发起人 fund sth n sth = base sth n sth 把……建立在……的基础上be funded based n... 建立在……的基础上
◆单句语法填空(1)[词汇复现]The business, (fund) by Mr Smith,is suffering frm a shrtage f skilled staff. (2)[词汇复现]Early study laid a firm ( fund) fr his research. (3)This issue has shaken the ( fund) f French plitics. ◆完成句子 (4) His thery (是建立在大量实验基础 上的).
fundatins
is funded/based n lts f experiments
教材原句p.31 Every individual makes a difference. 每一个个体都能有所作为。9 make a difference 有影响,有作用Where yu live can make such a difference t the way yu feel. 你居住的位置会对你的感觉产生很大的影响。What difference will it make if he knws r nt? 他知不知道有什么关系吗? 【归纳拓展】 make a big/a lt f difference(t)(对……)有很大的影响make n/little difference(t)(对……)没有/ 几乎没有影响make sme difference(t)(对……)有些影响What yu say during the first step f the interview may make a big difference. 你在面试的第一步中说的话可能会产生很大的影响。
◆完成句子 (1)[2017·北京卷]Hannah is ne f many examples f yung peple wh (正产生影响) in the wrld. (2) What she says will (对……没有 影响)ur plan. (3) What we are ding nw will (对……很大的影响) the children’s future.
are making a difference
make n difference t/nt make any difference t
make a big/a lt f difference t
教材原句p.31 It is by acting tgether,in this exciting way,that we can invlve thusands—millins—f peple... 正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来,我们可以让成千上万,甚至千百万人参与其中…… 10 invlve vt. 参与;包含,需要;牵涉,涉及搭配 : invlve sb in(ding)sth 使某人参与(做)某事invlve ding sth 包含/ 需要做某事 We want t invlve as many peple as pssible in the celebratins. 我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。The jb invlves travelling abrad fr three mnths every year. 这项工作需要每年到国外出差三个月。【词语积累】invlved adj. 参与;有关联;复杂难懂的be/get invlved in 参与;卷入;与……有关联When Bb was at university,he was invlved in many activities. 鲍勃上大学时,参与了许多活动。【误区警示】 invlved 作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同: 作前置定语:an invlved plt 复杂的情节作后置定语:the peple invlved 所涉及的人
◆单句语法填空(1)[2019·北京卷]N matter what yu like t d, there is a way t get (invlve) in varius activities n Earth Day. (2) Michelle fund a jb as a high schl teacher which (invlve) spending quite a lt f time with students. (3) Running yur wn business usually invlves (wrk) lng hurs. (4)We didn’t realise hw much wrk ( invlve) in rganising a wedding. ◆完成句子 (5) I dn’t want t ( 卷入) the quarrel between Tm and Jack. (6) Try t ( 让尽可能多的孩子参与)the game.
was invlved
be/get invlved in
invlve as many children as pssible in
教材原句p.32 Thse peple dn’t think their actins such as leaving the tap running while brushing their teeth can have negative effects n the envirnment. 那些人不认为他们的行为如刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流会对环境产生负面影响。11 have an effect n 对……有影响The mn has an effect n the cean. 月球对海洋是有影响的。 【归纳拓展】 have an influence/impact n 对……有影响have n effect n 对……没有影响have a big/psitive/negative/prfund effect n 对……有大的/ 积极的/ 消极的/ 深远的影响bring/put sth int effect 使生效,实行,实施cme int effect 生效,开始实施take effect 开始起作用;生效,开始实施in effect 实际上,事实上 These behaviurs have a psitive and lasting effect n the lcal envirnment. 这些行为对当地环境有积极和持久的影响。The new rule will cme int effect next mnth. 新规定将于下个月生效。 These measures are just beginning t take effect. 这些措施刚开始见效。
◆单句语法填空(1) The cnference has been held t discuss the effects f turism the wildlife in this regin. (2) A happy hme envirnment has gd effect n children’s grwth. (3) The new timetable will cme effect tmrrw. (4) That deal wuld create, effect, the wrld’s biggest airline. ◆完成句子 (5) In general,the way peple think abut themselves (对…… 有深远的影响)all areas f their lives. (6) Sandstrms usually ( 对……有坏的影响) peple’s health.
has a prfund effect n
have a bad effect n
重点句式 教材原句p.31 Yu knw that all thse things are wrng,but s what? 你知道那些都是不对的,但那又怎么样? 1 s what 那又怎样S what? I dn’t care what he thinks f me. 那又怎样?我不在乎他怎么看我。【归纳拓展】 What 如果……怎么办? What fr? 为什么? Why me? 为什么是我? Why nt? 为什么不呢? Hw cme? 怎么会呢?/ 为什么?(表示惊讶) Wh cares?(常用于无礼地表示)管它呢/ 谁管呢? What if an earthquake happens tmrrw? 如果明天发生地震怎么办? —Can I have tw days ff ? 我可以请两天假吗? —What fr? 为什么? —I think yu we me sme mney. 我想你欠我一些钱吧。 —Hw cme? 怎么会呢?
◆完成句子 (1)— Mrs Brwn will be unhappy if yu dn’t g t the get-tgether. — (那又怎样)? I hate being with her. (2) —Jim,can yu wrk this Sunday? — (为什么是我)? I’ve been wrking fr tw weeks n end. (3) — Michael was late fr Mr Smith’s chemistry class this mrning. — (怎么会呢)? As far as I knw,he never came late t class. (4)[2018·天津卷] (如 果……怎么办) they talked a lng time abut a painting that yu weren’t interested in?
教材原句p.31 the wrld and make it a better place t live in. ……改变世界,使其更加宜居。2 make + 宾语 + 宾补该结构主要有以下几种形式: (1)make+ 宾语+ 名词These advantages make the city a perfect place t g fr hliday. 这些优点使得这座城市成为一个度假的理想去处。(2)make+ 宾语+ 形容词Early t bed,early t rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有且聪明。(3)make+ 宾语+ 不带t 的不定式Yu can’t make me g. 你不能强迫我去。 (4)make+ 宾语+ 过去分词Mr Smith raised his vice t make himself heard. 史密斯先生提高了嗓门,以使自己被听见。【学法点拨】 ①make 后不接现在分词作宾补。②make 后作宾补的不定式不带 t,变成被动语态时不定式要带 t。We were made t wrk all night. 我们被迫工作了一整夜。
◆单句语法填空(1) The bss made Martin (wrk) lng hurs. (2) Bb made himself (understand) by using bdy language. (3) Mr Green was made (leave) the cmpany n Friday. ◆翻译句子 (4) 我们让汤姆当班长。_____________________________________ (5) 他不停地说话,这让我发疯。____________________________________ (6) 你能让这台旧机器运转吗?____________________________________ (7) 你能用英语表达你的意思吗?_____________________________________________
We made Tm ur mnitr.
He kept talking,which made me mad.
Can yu make the ld machine wrk?
Can yu make yurself understd in English?
教材原句p.32 Therefre,Rts & Shts hpes t invlve millins f yung peple in building a secure future s that we can live in peace with nature. 因此,“根与芽”希望让数以百万计的年轻人参与建设一个安全的未来,以便我们能够与自然和平共处。【句式分析】本句中的s that引导目的状语从句。s that意为“以便, 为了”。3 s that 引导目的状语从句s that 引导目的状语从句时,意为“以便,为了”,相当于 in rder that,从句中常有 will,wuld,can,culd,may,might 等情态动词, 表明动作尚未发生。Lanlan studies hard s that she can g t university in three years. 兰兰努力学习,以便能在三年后上大学。We shuld study hard at schl s that we can make great cntributins t ur mtherland. 我们应该在学校努力学习,以便我们能为祖国做出巨大的贡献。【归纳拓展】 s that 还可引导结果状语从句,意为“因此,所以”。从句时态表明动 作已经发生,且从句中一般不用情态动词,可以用逗号与主句隔开。Lanlan studied hard s that she gt a full mark in maths. 兰兰努力学习,因此她数学得了满分。I gt up late this mrning,s that I was late fr schl. 今天早上我起床晚了,结果上学迟到了。
◆判断s that 引导什么状语从句(1) She raised her vice s that all the students culd hear her clearly. ______________ (2) She raised her vice s that all the students heard her clearly. ______________ ◆完成句子 (3)[2018·天津卷]Let’s nt pick these peaches until this weekend ( 以便)they get sweet enugh t be eaten. (4) Tny gt up very early this mrning (结果) he caught the first train t New Yrk. (5) He turned his huse int a schl (以便 孩子们能受到教育). (6) Nancy didn’t prepare fr the test (结果她没能通过考试).
s that the children culd get educatin
s that she failed t pass it
单元语法 动词-ing 和-ed 形式动词-ing 和-ed 形式在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。1 动词-ing 形式作定语 动词-ing 形式表示被修饰词的动作或状态,被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系,相当于一个定语从句。单个的现在分词作定语时,放在被修饰词之前;现在分词短语作定语时,则放在被修饰词之后。Falling water can be used t generate electricity. 落水可以用来发电。 Our students need t adapt t this rapidly changing wrld. 我们的学生需要适应这个快速变化的世界。D yu knw that girl speaking t ur mnitr nw? 你认识那个现在正在跟我们班长说话的女孩吗? That man sitting by the windw seems t be waiting fr smene. 坐在窗户旁边的那个男人似乎正在等人。
【误区警示】(1) 现在分词(短语)的完成式having dne 一般只用作状语,不用作定语。(2) 过去分词、现在分词的被动式和动词不定式的被动式作定语的区别
◆单句语法填空(1) The girl (sing) n the stage nw is ur mnitr. (2) The flwers (smell)sweet in the garden attract the visitrs t enjy the beauty f nature. (3) There is a lt f evidence (shw) that staring at the cmputer fr a lng time des harm t ur eyes. (4) Last night,there were millins f peple (watch) the pening ceremny live n TV. (5)[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]When we gt a call ( say)she was shrt-listed,we thught it was a jke. (6) The railway (build) nw will cnnect the village t a large city. (7) The railway (build) last year cnnects the village t a large city. (8) The railway (build) next year will cnnect the village t a large city.
being built
t be built
2 动词-ing 形式作表语动词-ing 形式作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,它的主语通常是物。这类分词通常可以看作形容词。作表语用的动词-ing 形式,许多是由能够表示人的感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有exciting,mving,interesting,shcking, frightening,terrifying,inspiring,bring,puzzling,amusing, entertaining,astnishing,surprising,pleasing,disappinting 等。The ftball match which was held last night was very exciting. 昨天晚上举行的足球比赛令人非常兴奋。The stries in his bk are s interesting that little kids like t read it. 他书中的故事太有趣了,以至于小孩子喜欢读它。The develpment f ur cuntry’s ecnmy is encuraging. 我国经济的发展是振奋人心的。
◆单句语法填空(1) It was (surprise) that the shy girl std up and answered the questin. (2) The prblem which he met in the new schl was quite (puzzle). (3) The situatin bth at hme and abrad is very (inspire). (4) This stry is (interest) and fun fr the whle family t enjy,and especially cl fr yung bys. (5) The result f the ftball match was s (disappint) that sme fans culdn’t help crying.
surprising
inspiring
interesting
disappinting
3 动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing 形式作宾补时,宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。动词-ing 形式主要用于以下三类词后作宾补: ( 1)位于感官动词后:如 see,hear,feel,smell,watch,catch,spt, find,listen t,lk at,ntice,bserve 等。I saw him helping a blind man crss the street. 我看见他正在帮一位盲人过马路。When I passed by,I heard Rse singing a Chinese sng. 当我路过时,我听见罗丝正在唱一首中文歌。The teacher caught him cheating in the examinatin. 老师发现他在考试中作弊。【误区警示】 感官动词see,hear,watch,ntice,bserve 等接 ding 作宾补,表示动作正在进行;接d 作宾补,表示动作的全过程。I bserved a stranger entering his huse. 我看见一个陌生人正在进他家。I bserved a stranger enter his huse. 我看见一个陌生人进了他家。(2)位于使役动词后:如set,keep,have,get,leave 等。His wrds set me thinking f my future. 他的话使我思考起我的未来。 I wn’t have yu drpping ut f schl at such a yung age. 我不允许你在这么小的年纪辍学。(3)位于介词with 后。Helen sat there,with tears rlling dwn her cheeks. 海伦坐在那里,眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
◆单句语法填空(1) When I passed by,I saw a stranger ( walk) int the ld building. (2)When I was n my way t schl this mrning ,I saw tw wmen (argue). (3) He was just abut t sit dwn when he felt smething (mve)near his feet. (4) On the bank f the river,we fund him (lie)n the bench,with his eyes (fix)n a kite in the sky. (5) I std n the bridge and watched bats (pass)by. (6) They use cmputers t keep the traffic (run) smthly. (7) The head teacher caught Peter (play) with his cell phne in class. (8) I culd hear them (talk) in lw vices, but I culdn’t make ut what they were saying. (9)With water (cver) mre than 70% f its surface,the earth lks like a blue ball.
4 动词-ing 形式作状语(1)动词 -ing 形式的一般式与完成式The typhn hit ur twn,causing damage t the crps. 台风袭击了我们镇,对农作物造成了损害。The typhn finally ended,having caused damage t the crps. 台风终于结束了,对农作物造成了损害。(2)动词-ing 形式的主动式与被动式 提示:句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语。Seeing the head teacher,Bb rushed int the classrm immediately. 看见校长,鲍勃立刻冲进了教室。Being given the chance,Susan felt very happy. 被给了机会,苏珊感到非常高兴。
(3)动词-ing 形式作状语时的功能动词-ing 形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。Walking alng the bank f the river,I saw tw big birds. 沿着河岸走时,我看见了两只大鸟。(时间状语) Being a famus singer,she is ften surrunded by fans. 作为一名著名的歌手,她经常被歌迷围着。(原因状语) Wrking hard,yu will catch up with yur mnitr. 努力学习,你就会赶上你的班长。(条件状语) Wang Peng sat in his restaurant alne,feeling very upset. 王鹏独自坐在他的餐馆里,感到很沮丧。(伴随状语) 【学法点拨】 动词-ing 形式作状语时,可在其前面加上连词(短语)when, while,if,althugh,even if,as if 等,以表达更明确的含义。Althugh lacking mney,they managed t let their children get educatin. 虽然缺钱,但他们设法让他们的孩子接受教育。(4)动词-ing 形式可作评论性状语 有些现在分词(短语)可用于句首,没有逻辑主语而独立存在,作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句,表明说话者的态度、观点等。这样的结构被称为评论性状语或评注性状语。如: generally speaking 一般来说 rughly speaking 大致来说frankly speaking 坦率地说 judging frm/by 由……判断cnsidering... 考虑到…… Judging frm his accent,he is frm the Suth. 根据他的口音判断,他来自南方。
◆同义句转换(1) When she saw thse pictures,she remembered her childhd. = ,she remembered her childhd. (2) After we have made full preparatins,we are ready fr the examinatin. = , we are ready fr the examinatin. (3) Since yu were given such a gd chance, hw culd yu let it slip away? = such a gd chance,hw culd yu let it slip away? ◆单句语法填空(4) (hear) the news that they will g n a spring tur,the children jumped with jy.(5) Nt (knw) the city well, I lst my way n the way back t the htel. (6) An earthquake struck Italy in April, ( cause) a lt f damage t the huses. (7) Mrris was seated in frnt f the cmputer, (stare) at the dark screen. (8) (wrk) fr tw days,Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule. (9) (defeat) in the last match,the hst team were determined t win the cup back this time. (10)Generally (speak),I am very satisfied with this jb.
Seeing thse pictures
Having made full preparatins
Having been given
Having wrked
Being defeated
5 动词-ed 形式作定语(1)过去分词(短语)作定语的位置①单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰词之前。此时过去分词具有形容词的特点,侧重永久性的状态或特点。the fallen leaves落叶 the plluted water 被污染的水 newly planted flwers新栽的花 ②过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰词之后,其作用相当于一个定语从句。The washing machines made in ur factry(=which are made in ur factry)are f high quality. 我们工厂生产的洗衣机质量很高。The speech given by Prfessr Yang(=which was given by Prfessr Yang)greatly encuraged the students present. 杨教授做的演讲大大鼓励了在场的学生们。Hangzhu,knwn fr the West Lake(=which is knwn fr the West Lake),has changed greatly. 以西湖而闻名的杭州已经发生了很大的变化。
【误区警示】 ①有些单个的过去分词,像left(剩余的),given(被给的),cncerned (有关的),invlved (有关的)等,习惯上用作后置定语。standing rm left所剩的立足之地 the bk given被给的书籍 the peple cncerned有关人士 ②有些过去分词已完全形容词化了,作前置定语时,其含义完全不同于同形的作后置定语的过去分词。I’m ging t buy sme used bks. 我打算买一些旧书。 The bks used by Mary are still new nw. 玛丽用过的书现在仍然很新。We’ll meet at a given time and place. 我们将在指定的时间和地点见面。 The time and place given t us aren’t decided yet. 给我们的时间和地点还没有定下来。
(2)过去分词作定语的意义①及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示被动和完成。respected leaders受人尊敬的领导们 a furnished rm 一个有家具的房间 canned fd 罐装食品 the questin discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题 ②不及物动词的过去分词作定语,不表示被动,只表示完成。a retired teacher一位退休教师 an escaped prisner 一个逃犯 the risen sun升起的太阳
◆单句语法填空(1) The rbt (develp) by a Chinese cmpany last week can take care f the elderly peple. (2) After cmpleting it,please return the frm t us in the (prvide) envelpe. (3) The (shck) lk n his face shws that he hasn’t knwn the result. (4)[2019·天津卷]Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially (design) t help them succeed academically and persnally. (5) Tsinghua University, (fund)in 1911,is hme t a great number f utstanding figures. (6) The players (select)frm the whle cuntry are expected t bring us hnur in this summer game. (7) Can thse (seat) at the back f the classrm hear me? (8) It is ne f the funniest things (find)n the Internet s far this year. (9) We finished the run in less than half the time (allw). (10)I’m calling t enquire abut the psitin (advertise)in yesterday’s China Daily. (11)Mrs Tang, (knw) as a writer, will give us a speech tmrrw afternn.
advertised
6 动词-ed 形式作表语过去分词作表语,表示主语处于某种状态。其主语通常是人。( 1)主要用在系动词be和连系动词 lk,sund,get,becme,grw, smell,taste,stay,remain 等后。常见的作表语的过去分词有delighted,excited,interested,disappinted,discuraged,puzzled, surprised,shcked,amazed,astnished,cnfused,amused,tired, bred,satisfied,pleased,wrried,seated,drunk 等。This cffee cup is brken,and I will thrw it away. 这个咖啡杯破了,我将把它扔了。On hearing the news,all the students gt excited. 一听到这个消息,所有的学生都变得很激动。The dr f this shp remains lcked. 这家商店的门依旧锁着。 Yu lk wrried. What has happened? 你看上去很担心。发生了什么事? T her parents’ delight,Lily grws interested in science. 令她父母高兴的是,莉莉对科学产生了兴趣。(2)“get + dne”句式“get + dne”句式有两层含义: ①表示某种结果,如get married(结婚),get changed(换衣服), get dressed(穿衣服),get lst(迷路),get washed(洗脸),get tired (累了)等。They gt married last week. 他们上周结婚了。 We have n time t get changed. 我们没时间换衣服了。 ②表示被动关系,如get hurt/injured/wunded(受伤),get trapped/ caught(in)(被困住),get paid(得到报酬)等。 The taxi driver gt injured in the accident. 出租车司机在这场事故中受伤了。
◆单句语法填空(1) The children lked quite (excite) when they heard the news. (2) The ld man remained (seat) when the German sldiers entered the church. (3) Rbert gt (burn),but frtunately,the burn was nt serius. (4) Fr thse with family members far away, the persnal cmputer and the phne are imprtant in staying (cnnect). (5)We gt (stick) in a traffic jam. Therefre,we didn’t arrive there n schedule. ◆完成句子 (6) The party is infrmal,s yu needn’t (换衣服). (7) The tw students (迷路) in the wds. What was wrse,their cell phnes were dead. (8) His car (陷在)the mud;as a result,he had t g there n ft.
get changed
was/gt stuck in
7 动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语一般是及物动词的过去分词才能作宾语补足语,表示被动或完成含义。当动词的宾语与宾补之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,且动作已经完成时,需用过去分词。( 1)过去分词用在感官动词 see,hear,watch,ntice,feel,find, bserve,listen t 后作宾语补足语。I saw him beaten black and blue. 我看见他被打得鼻青脸肿。 Rbert fund himself surrunded by a grup f bys. 罗伯特发觉自己被一群男孩包围了。Little Jim watched the TV set carried ut f the rm. 小吉姆看着电视机被搬出了房间。(2)过去分词用在have/get 后作宾语补足语。表示三种含义: ①表示“让某人做某事”。My hair is lng and I will have it cut this afternn. 我的头发长了,今天下午我要去理发。②表示“遭遇某种不幸的事”。This ld wman had her mney stlen n the bus. 这位老太太的钱在公共汽车上被偷了。③表示“某事被做”,主语参与做此事。I will have the wall f my huse painted this weekend. 这周末我将把我家里的墙粉刷一下。
(3)过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep,leave 等后作宾语补足语。We can’t keep ur eyes clsed t the bad behaviur. 我们不能对不好的行为视而不见。Did yu leave the drs and windws firmly fastened? 你把门窗都关牢了吗? (4)过去分词用在动词make 后作宾语补足语。The English teacher raised her vice t make herself heard by all the students. 英语老师提高了嗓门,以使所有的学生都能听到。(5)过去分词用在want,wish,like,rder 等后作宾语补足语。I dn’t want my daughter left alne when we g t France. 我不想我女儿在我们去法国时被单独留在家里。Mr Lin didn’t wish the incident mentined nce mre. 林先生希望这件事不要再被提及了。(6)过去分词用在with 复合结构中作宾语补足语。With their huse destryed by the fld,they had t stay in the tent. 他们的房子被洪水摧毁了,他们不得不待在帐篷里。
◆单句语法填空(1) When we gt t schl,we fund the dr (lck). (2) He had his bike (repair) the day befre yesterday. (3)William had his bike (steal) last night. (4) I tried t speak mre clearly t make myself (understand).(5) He didn’t want the prblem (discuss) at the mment. (6) On my way back hme,I heard my name (call). (7) Please remain silent and keep the rm (lck). (8)With my wrk (finish),I went t the library fr sme bks. (9) Martin was listening attentively t the lecture, with his attentin (fix) n it.
◆完成句子 (10)If yu (发现自己受困) in a grup f cmplainers at a meeting r a scial event,simply chse silence. (11)When Mr Green walked ut f the bank,he (发现 自己的车不见了). (12)The yung man std in the middle f the rm, (他的双手 被绑着) behind his back. (13)When we (看见路被堵) with snw,we decided t spend the hliday at hme. (14)Befre driving int the city,yu are required t (洗车).
find yurself trapped
fund his car gne/lst/ missing
with his hands tied
saw the rad blcked
get/have yur car washed
8 动词-ed 形式作状语动词-ed 形式作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。这些分词(短语)可扩展成一个状语从句或并列分句。过去分词(短语) 作状语时,其逻辑主语要和句子主语一致。(1)作时间状语:相当于一个时间状语从句,可位于句首或句末。Asked(=When he was asked) why he hadn’t attended the party, Andy made n answer. 当被问及他为什么没参加聚会时,安迪没有回答。(2)作原因状语:相当于一个原因状语从句,一般位于句首。Seriusly injured (= Because he was seriusly injured) in the earthquake,this by was sent t hspital immediately. 由于在地震中受伤严重,这个男孩立刻被送往医院。 (3)作条件状语:相当于一个条件状语从句,常位于句首。Seen (= If it is seen) frm the space,the earth lks like a big blue ball. 如果从太空看,地球看起来就像一个蓝色的大球。 (4)作方式或伴随状语The head teacher came int the classrm angrily,fllwed by tw bys. 校长怒气冲冲地走进了教室,后面跟着两个男生。 【学法点拨】 过去分词前可根据具体的需要加上连词when,while,until,nce, if,unless,even if/thugh,thugh,althugh,as if/thugh 等。 Once published,the dictinary will be very ppular! 一旦出版,这本词典将会大受欢迎! Even if invited,I wn’t attend the get-tgether. 即使受到邀请,我也不会去参加聚会。
◆单句语法填空(1) The ld cuple, (mve) by his kindness,thanked him ver and ver again. (2) (dress)elegantly,the hst attracted the audience’s interest straight away. (3) (tire) after a day’s wrk,Jane didn’t want t prepare dinner by herself. (4) Althugh (disappint) at the result,the cach didn’t criticise the players. (5) Greatly (inspire) by the achievements f ur cuntry,we are determined t study hard t serve it in the future. (6) (lse) in deep thught, William didn’t ntice his father cme in. (7) Miss Lin std in the middle f the ffice, (surrund)by sme students. (8) (absrb) in painting,Jhn didn’t ntice evening appraching. (9) (lse) in the frest,yu shuld first f all remain where yu are,waiting fr help t cme.
disappinted
surrunded
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