山东师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末英语试题含解析

这是一份山东师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末英语试题含解析，共29页。试卷主要包含了 Wh is Jerry?等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 山东师大附中2022-2023学年第一学期学科水平自我诊断
高二英语试题
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where are the speakers?
A. At a concert. B. At a restaurant. C. At a book club.
2. Why did the woman wait to give the present?
A. She only just bought it.
B. She forgot the man’s birthday.
C. She thought it’s less meaningful to deliver.
3. What does the woman wish to do?
A. Hand in a report tonight.
B. Move onto something new.
C. Continue the work tomorrow.
4. What will the man do next?
A. Finish a school test. B. Secure the entrance. C. Clear the building.
5. What is the problem with the woman’s computer according to the man?
A. It’s too dirty. B. It’s quite old. C. Its fan is broken.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Police and civilian. B. Tourist and tour guide. C. Car renter and customer.
7. How will the man probably feel after the woman’s response?
A. Excited. B. Scared. C. Disappointed.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Who is Jerry?
A. The man’s brother. B. The man’s father. C. The man’s cousin.
9. What did the man’s father hurt?
A. His head. B. His knee. C. His back.
10. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the back room. B. In the hospital. C. In the living room.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Where is the woman going on holiday?
A. To a house in the woods.
B. To a house next to a lake.
C. To a hotel near the mountains.
12. What is the woman looking forward to most?
A. Sailing. B. Going for a run. C. Catching up on sleep.
13. How long has the woman and John been together?
A. More than five years. B. More than four years. C. More than six years.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. How did the woman tear a hole in her jacket?
A. It was bitten by her dog.
B. It was caught on a fence.
C. It got trapped on a tree branch.
15. What color is the man’s favorite jacket?
A. Yellow. B. Black. C. Blue.
16. What size jacket does the woman try on?
A. Small. B. Medium. C. Large.
17. How does the woman probably feel in the end?
A. Satisfied. B. Regretful. C. Disappointed.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. How old is the festival?
A. Under 30 years. B. Over 100 years. C. About 150 years.3
19 What is the TT?
A. A tourist festival. B. A shopping festival. C. A motor cycle festival.
20. Who is Judith Curtis’s friend?
A. Laurence. B. James. C. Anne.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Beautiful Guatemala is a land rich in diversity and cultural heritage. Whether you hope to summit a volcano, hike through the jungle or explore ancient ruins, Guatemala will not disappoint.
Tikal National Park
Tikal National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most famous places in Guatemala. Tikal covers an estimated 46 miles (around 74 km) and is one of the most extraordinary archaeological sites in Central America. It is here, centuries ago, that the ancient Mayan civilisation boomed.
Chichicastenango
“Chichi,” as it’s known by the local Kiche population, hosts the largest market in Central America. The town comes alive on Thursdays and Sundays when vendors (小贩) come from surrounding areas to display their goods. The market bursts with varied colours and a lively atmosphere, stocking everything from vividly-colored cloth to traditional carved wooden masks.
Guatemala City
Brightly graffitied (涂鸦) walls line the busy streets in Guatemala City where you’ll find trendy stores, relaxing bars, and diverse art galleries. Make sure to check out La Esquina, an indoor food market with some of the best food stalls in the city. The Museo Popol Vuh is a leading museum in the world of Mayan art. Here you will be able to spend a couple of hours appreciating the incredible and comprehensive collection of Mayan as well as colonial art.
Acatenango Volcano
Volcano Acatenango towers almost 4,000 metres above the surrounding landscape just outside Antigua. The hike to the summit of this volcano is one of the toughest, yet most popular, in Guatemala. Not only will you get to appreciate the breathtaking views, but you will also have a bird’s-eye view of the nearby (and extremely active) Volcan Fuego.
1. What’s the best choice for someone interested in Mayan history?
A. Tikal National Park. B. Chichicastenango.
C. Guatemala City. D. Acatenango Volcano.
2. What do we know about Guatemala City?
A. It hosts the largest market in Central America.
B. It is a perfect destination for art lovers.
C You can buy vivid cloth and masks there.
D. Museo Popol Vuh is a great food market.
3. What is special about Acatenango Volcano?
A. A bird view of Guatemala City.
B. The highest tower in Guatemala.
C. The hike to the volcano summit.
D. It is an extremely active volcano.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了拥有丰富文化遗产的拉丁美洲国家Guatemala一些著名景点。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据本文关于Tikal National Park的介绍段最后一句“It is here, centuries ago, that the ancient Mayan civilisation boomed. (几个世纪前，古玛雅文明就是在这里繁荣起来的)”可知，古玛雅文明曾在这里繁荣，因此如果游客对玛雅历史感兴趣，可以去这个国家公园。故选A项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据本文关于Guatemala City的介绍段最后一句“Here you will be able to spend a couple of hours appreciating the incredible and comprehensive collection of Mayan as well as colonial art. (在这里，你可以花几个小时欣赏玛雅人和殖民地艺术的难以置信而全面综合的收藏品)”可知，这个地方有很多艺术作品，因此对热爱艺术的人，这是旅游绝佳目的地。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据本文关于Acatenango Volcano的介绍段第二句“The hike to the summit of this volcano is one of the toughest, yet most popular, in Guatemala. (攀登这座火山的顶峰是Guatemala最艰难但也是最受欢迎的徒步旅行之一)”可知，攀登该火山顶峰是最艰难，也是最受欢迎的徒步旅行，因此可推测这也是该火山最特殊的地方。故选C项。
B
For years, twice a day Aadya Joshi walked past a dump filled with smelly rubbish in her neighbourhood of south Mumbai on her way to and from school. Originally it was meant to be the garden of the local police station. When she was 15, during her summer holidays, Joshi decided to do something about it. “I walked into the police station and was like, ‘Can I please clean your garden?’” recalls Joshi. “It took three or four weeks to eventually convince them that I was not going to give up halfway and leave them with more work.”
The plot of land covers an area of 60 square meters, about a quarter of a tennis court. But, over the course of four Sundays in the summer, with help of local residents, Joshi did more than clear it. She replanted it with native Indian plants and trees. Joshi said, “The first day that we cleaned up I made the mistake of not wearing gloves and I was sick for two weeks.”
The idea for native planting came from Joshi’s reading on the Miyawaki method of afforestation (植树造林) and the work of University of Delaware ecologist Douglas Tallamy. These both argue that planting the right trees can have a significant impact on restoring insect and animal biodiversity. The results in Mumbai were instantaneous: monkeys now hang out at the police station, and butterflies and birds have made the garden their home.
After creating the garden, Joshi developed a database of 2,000 plants unique to the Indian subcontinent and last year was awarded the annual Children’s Climate prize, founded by Swedish energy company Telge Energi. Her advice for others looking to follow in her footsteps: “If you bite off more than you can chew in the beginning, you will be stuck and lose motivation,” she says. “But something small, like your neighbourhood police station, it’s very manageable.”
4. What can we learn from Joshi’s words in the second paragraph?
A. The work was enjoyable and rewarding.
B. The garden was too large to clean.
C. The cleaning was hard and dangerous.
D. Joshi was sick of the cleaning work.
5. What does the underlined word “instantaneous” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Dangerous. B. Profitable. C. Costly. D. Immediate.
6. What can we learn from Joshi’s advice in the last paragraph?
A. All roads lead to Rome.
B. Time and tide wait for no man.
C. The longest journey starts from the first step.
D. Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.
7. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To demonstrate the environment problems.
B. To call on attention to India’s young people.
C. To persuade readers to donate to a environment program.
D. To advocate a teenager’s efforts in caring about the world.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿迪亚·乔希为改善环境所作的努力。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Joshi said, “The first day that we cleaned up I made the mistake of not wearing gloves and I was sick for two weeks.”(乔希说：“我们打扫的第一天，我犯了一个错误，没有戴手套，我病了两个星期。”)”可推断，清洁工作既辛苦又危险。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“These both argue that planting the right trees can have a significant impact on restoring insect and animal biodiversity. (他们都认为，种植合适的树木可以对恢复昆虫和动物的生物多样性产生重大影响。)”和后半句“monkeys now hang out at the police station, and butterflies and birds have made the garden their home.(现在猴子在警察局闲逛，蝴蝶和鸟类把花园当成了家。)”可知，种植合适的树木可以对恢复昆虫和动物的生物多样性产生重大影响的效果是立竿见影的。所以instantaneous为“瞬间的；即刻的”之意。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her advice for others looking to follow in her footsteps: “If you bite off more than you can chew in the beginning, you will be stuck and lose motivation,” she says. “But something small, like your neighbourhood police station, it’s very manageable.”(她对那些想要追随她脚步的人的建议是：“如果一开始你贪多嚼不烂，你就会被困住，失去动力。但一些小事情，比如你的社区警察局，是很容易处理的。”)”可知，乔希认为改善环境要从小事做起。所以“The longest journey starts from the first step.(千里之行始于足下。)”最能概括乔希的建议。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了阿迪亚·乔希为改善环境所作的努力。从而推断，本篇文章的目的是提倡青少年努力关心世界。故选D。
C
In a series of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.
Researchers have discovered that one of the factors underlying this process may be persistence (坚持). It involves reinforcement, the principle that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more frequent. The other side of this is extinction, which refers to the fact that behaviors that are not rewarded grow weaker and become less likely to appear. When extinction sets in, the animal will simply quit before the problem is solved. It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus have developed resistance to extinction, which would make them better problem solvers.
In this recent study the researchers looked at 26 adult dogs divided into two groups, “trained dogs” and “pet dogs”. There were two tasks that the dogs were tested on. One was a social learning task where the dog had to learn to look directly into the experimenter’s eyes. Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat (reinforcement). Once the dogs were performing this task, the extinction stage began, and the staring behavior was no longer rewarded in order to see how persistent the newly learned behavior was.
The second task focused on problem-solving. It involved a flat disk that had bone-shaped plastic bones. The dogs had to learn to remove the plastic bones to obtain the treat hiding under each one. After the series of rewarded trials, the extinction stage began, and no more reinforcements were provided for removing the bones.
In the social learning task, the trained dogs gazed at the experimenters more than the pet dogs during extinction. While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area.
8. How does the author introduce the topic?
A. By stating a fact. B. By raising a doubt.
C. By making an assumption. D. By presenting a conclusion.
9. Which of the following can be seen as “reinforcement”?
A. Chaining a dog up while walking it every day.
B. Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up.
C. Putting a fish back into the pool every time it jumps out.
D. Yelling at a cat every time it fails to catch a mouse.
10. How can dogs benefit from training in the experiment?
A. Their newly learned behaviors last longer.
B. They can grow stronger than untrained dogs.
C. They are more likely to live longer.
D. They are better at helping their friends.
11. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A. How researchers carry out animal experiments
B. Why trained dogs don’t give up easily
C. Why persistent dogs make better pets
D. How to pick out a suitable pet dog
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功。这是因为训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持。文章主要分析了其原因——为什么训练有素的狗不会轻易放弃。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In a series of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.(在一系列研究中，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功)”可知，第一段陈述一项研究结果，即在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功，接着文章开始解释这一现象的原因。由此推知，作者通过提出一个实验结论来引起文章主题的。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It involves reinforcement, the principle that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more frequent.(它包括强化，原则是得到奖励的行为变得更强大和更频繁)”可知，“强化”是指在得到奖励后，行为会变得更强大和更频繁。由此推知，B项“每次山羊站起来的时候给它一些草。”属于强化，故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area.(在解决问题的过程中，受过训练的狗在灭绝的过程中捡起了更多的骨头。换句话说，对于经过训练的狗来说，它们新学会的行为比那些没有接受任何领域训练的狗持续时间更长，行为也更强烈)”可知，实验中接受过训练的狗们新学会的行为持续的时间更长。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In a series of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.(在一系列研究中，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功)”和第二段中“Researchers have discovered that one of the factors underlying this process may be persistence (坚持)... It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus have developed resistance to extinction, which would make them better problem solvers.(研究人员发现，这个过程背后的因素之一可能是持久性……训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持，从而产生了对灭绝的抵抗力，这将使它们成为更好的问题解决者)”和下文描述的实验过程可知，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功。这是因为训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持。文章主要分析了其原因——为什么训练有素的狗不会轻易放弃。由此可知，B项“为什么训练有素的狗不会轻易放弃”适合做文章标题。故选B。
D
Something strange is happening to the millennial workers of America. After a year spent with their computers, they are turning over the carefully arranged chessboards of their lives and deciding to risk it all. Some are giving stable jobs up to start a new business, while others giving up the career altogether.
If this movement has a battle cry, it’s “YOLO” — “you only live once”. The term is used when people are making irresponsible bets that sometimes pay off anyway. More broadly, it has come to characterize the attitude that has captured a certain type of bored office worker in recent months.
“It feels like we’ve been so locked into careers for the past decade, and this is our opportunity to switch it up,” said Nate Moseley, 29, a buyer at a major clothing retailer. Mr Moseley recently decided to leave his US$130,000-a-year job. He created an Excel spreadsheet called “Late 20s Crisis”, which he filled with potential options for his next move: Take a coding class, start mining Ethereum, join a 2022 political campaign and open a tourism business. “The idea of going right back to the pre-Covid set-up sounds so unappealing after this past year,” he noted. “If not now, when will I ever do this?”
It’s possible that some of these YOLOers will end up back in stable jobs if they spend through their savings, or their new jobs fail. But an adventurous spirit seems to be infecting even the kinds of risk-averse overachievers who typically hold on to the career ladder.
One executive at a major tech company said she and her husband had both been discussing quitting their jobs. The pandemic, she said, had taught them that they’d been playing it too safe with their life choices, and missing out on valuable family time. The executive then sent me a quote from the Buddha about impermanence, and the value of realizing that nothing lasts forever. Or, to put it in slightly earthier terms: YOLO.
12. What strange things are US millennial workers doing?
A. They prefer doing work online. B. They are taking more risks.
C. They enjoy playing chess more. D. They are making extra money.
13. What is the purpose of inventing the term “YOLO”?
A. To encourage people to take brave moves. B. To stop people making silly decisions.
C. To cover up a person’s past failure. D. To gain trust from other people.
14. Why did Nate Moseley leave his previous job?
A. It didn’t pay well enough. B. The business was in a crisis.
C. He missed the pre-Covid set-up. D. He was eager for new changes.
15. What does the author want to show in the last paragraph?
A. The bad effect of the pandemic. B. The significant influence of YOLO.
C. The potential danger of changing jobs. D. The future development of different careers.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了千禧一代正在冒更多风险，并且提出了“YOLO”这个口号，来鼓励人们勇敢行动。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Something strange is happening to the millennial workers of America. After a year spent with their computers, they are turning over the carefully arranged chessboards of their lives and deciding to risk it all. Some are giving stable jobs up to start a new business, while others giving up the career altogether.(奇怪的事情正在发生在美国千禧一代的工人身上。在与电脑相处了一年之后，他们正在审视自己精心安排的人生棋盘，并决定冒险一试。一些人放弃稳定的工作去创业，而另一些人则干脆放弃职业)”可知，美国千禧一代所做的奇怪的事情是他们正在冒更大的风险。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“If this movement has a battle cry, it’s “YOLO” — “you only live once”. The term is used when people are making irresponsible bets that sometimes pay off anyway.(如果这个运动有一个口号，那就是“YOLO”——“你只活一次”。这个术语用于人们不负责任的押注，有时无论如何都会得到回报)”可知，发明“YOLO”这个词的目的是鼓励人们勇敢行动。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中““It feels like we’ve been so locked into careers for the past decade, and this is our opportunity to switch it up,” said Nate Moseley, 29, a buyer at a major clothing retailer.( 29岁的内特·莫斯利是一家大型服装零售商的采购员，他说，“感觉我们在过去十年里一直被职业束缚着，现在是我们改变职业的机会。”)”以及““The idea of going right back to the pre-Covid set-up sounds so unappealing after this past year,” he noted. “If not now, when will I ever do this?”(他指出：“在过去的一年里，直接回到covid - 19之前的想法听起来太没有吸引力了。如果不是现在，我什么时候会这么做?”)”可知，内特·莫斯利辞职是因为他渴望新的变化。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“One executive at a major tech company said she and her husband had both been discussing quitting their jobs. The pandemic, she said, had taught them that they’d been playing it too safe with their life choices, and missing out on valuable family time. The executive then sent me a quote from the Buddha about impermanence, and the value of realizing that nothing lasts forever. Or, to put it in slightly earthier terms: YOLO.(一家大型科技公司的高管表示，她和丈夫都在讨论辞职。她说，疫情告诉他们，他们在生活选择上太过谨慎，错过了宝贵的家庭时间。这位高管随后寄给我一段佛祖的话，说的是无常，以及认识到没有什么是永恒的价值。或者，用更接地气的术语来说：YOLO)”可推知，作者在最后一段想表达YOLO的重大影响。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Listening to music perhaps is not the most obvious choice of relaxation. ____16____ The songs with 50 to 80 beats per minute allow the brain to learn and remember new facts more easily. Dr Emma Gray at the British CBT&Counselling Service in London said emotive pop and rock songs can produce a heightened state of excitement. The state is likely to improve creative performance in subjects such as English, Drama and Art. She believes students, who listen to classical music while they study, do better in math exams. ____17____
Dr Gray’s research to examine the effect music has on studying found it important to choose the right music for the topic a person is studying. She said students, who listen to classical music with 60 to 70 beats per minute while they study, score on average 12 percent more in their math exams. ____18____ Dr Gray explained the left side of the brain is used to process information and solve problems. ____19____ The research found songs like We Can’t Stop by Miley Cyrus or Mirrors by Justin Timberlake develop logical thoughts and help students to learn and recall new facts.
Dr Gray said, “Music has a positive effect on the mind and listening to the right type of music can actually improve studying and learning. ____20____ Indeed, students who listen to music can actually do better than those who don’t.”
A. Music can put you in a better state of mind to learn.
B. Definitely music can not give you an edge over others.
C. In fact, music plays an important role in medical treatment.
D. Those are key skills in Science, Humanities and Languages.
E. Moreover, listening to music while revising makes students smarter.
F. Nevertheless, one clinical (临床的) psychologist believes pop songs do help us in learning.
G. This is because the rhythm in classical music helps students study longer and keep more information.
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. G 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要谈论了听音乐对大脑有积极的影响，对学生的学习也有促进和提高作用。
【16题详解】
上一句“Listening to music perhaps is not the most obvious choice of relaxation.”提到了“听音乐可能不是最明显的放松方式”，而下一句“The songs with 50 to 80 beats per minute allow the brain to learn and remember new facts more easily.（每分钟50到80拍的歌曲能让大脑更容易学习和记忆新知识。）指出了音乐的功效，因此空处应为转折关系的语句；选项F中的“Nevertheless”(然而）符合语意，同时F指出“一个临床心理学家相信流行歌曲确实有助于我们学习”，与下一句衔接合理。故选F。
【17题详解】
由前文“can produce a heightened state of excitement. ”（可以产生一种高度兴奋的状态）和“The state is likely to improve creative performance in subjects ”（这个状态可能会提高在一些学科上创造性表现）可知，音乐能够产生一种高度兴奋的状态，而这种状态可能会有助于提高某些学科的成绩；上一句“She believes students, who listen to classical music while they study, do better in math exams.”（她相信那些边学习边听古典音乐的学生会在数学考试中取得更好的成绩。）以数学为例，提出学习时听古典音乐的学生数学考试成绩会更好，那么原因应该就是音乐能够让人处于一个更好的、利于学习的状态中；选项A（音乐可以让你在一个更好的心态去学习。）符合语意，衔接合理。故选A。
【18题详解】
上一句“She said students, who listen to classical music with 60 to 70 beats per minute while they study, score on average 12 percent more in their math exams.”（她说，那些在学习时听每分钟60到70拍的古典音乐的学生，在数学考试中平均要高出12%。）提到了听着古典音乐节拍学习的学生，数学成绩要更好一些，选项G（这是因为古典音乐的节奏有助于学生学习更长时间，记住更多的信息。）中就指出了原因就是古典音乐的节拍有助于学生的学习，衔接合理。故选G。
【19题详解】
上一句“Dr Gray explained the left side of the brain is used to process information and solve problems. ”（格雷博士解释说，左脑用于处理信息和解决问题。）提到了“process information and solve problems”，因此空处应承接前文，讲述处理信息和解决问题的能力的作用。选项D.“这些都是科学，人文和语言的关键技能。”选项D中的“Those”指前文的“process information and solve problems”符合语境，与上一句衔接合理。故选D。
【20题详解】
上一句“Music has a positive effect on the mind and listening to the right type of music can actually improve studying and learning. ”（音乐对心灵有积极的影响并且听正确类型的音乐事实上可以改善学习和理解。）提到了“音乐对大脑有积极的影响，听正确类型的音乐能够促进学习”，而下一句“Indeed, students who listen to music can actually do better than those who don’t.”（实际上，听音乐的学生比不听音乐的学生做得更好。”）又强调了“听音乐的学生事实上比不听音乐的表现的更好”，所以空处应该还是在讲述听音乐对学生学习的好处，因此选项E.“此外，复习时听音乐能让学生更聪明。”进一步表达了听音乐对学生学习的好处，符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共四节，满分55分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Wills was a gardener. He was always active and never lazy. ____21____ he was honest. He worked hard when he was young. He had two children and became old.
The gardener saw his own hands. He also saw the spade (铁锹) which was kept in the corner of his house. His hands were ____22____. He took his children’s hands which were too ____23____ as they had never been ____24____ to work. Wills said, “My children, you have not worked a ____25____ day in your lifetime. I have my ____26____ about whether you will work or not in the future. I have ____27____ some treasure between two trees in the garden. Both of you dig the earth and try to find the treasure. The treasure will be yours. But you have to make a great ____28____.” After he finished speaking, the gardener died.
The children went to the garden without ____29____. They were so happy that they would be _____30_____ and they took the spade and started digging the earth between two trees. They worked hard for the whole week. They _____31_____ weeds and stones. They cleaned the ground. But they didn’t find any treasure beneath the ground. They dug the earth between the other trees, too. They did not find any treasure there, _____32_____.
Dozens of days later, they saw the trees were full of sweet _____33_____. They sold them in the market, which made a huge sum of money. In this way, they learned the _____34_____ of labor. Both of them decided to work hard from then on. They also understood what their father meant about the _____35_____.
21. A. Above all B. All in all C. In all D. Once and for all
22. A. clumsy B. rough C. hairy D. dirty
23. A. pretty B. delicate C. smooth D. strong
24. A. adapted B. adjusted C. used D. transformed
25. A. single B. particular C. peculiar D. certain
26. A. question B. doubt C. concern D. anxiety
27. A. covered B. spread C. collected D. buried
28. A. fortune B. difference C. effort D. contribution
29. A. delay B. difficulty C. notice D. interruption
30. A. wealthy B. fortunate C. independent D. luxurious
31. A. searched B. gathered C. removed D. distinguished
32. A. however B. though C. either D. instead
33. A. fruits B. buds C. seeds D. leaves
34. A. price B. value C. lesson D. trick
35. A. work B. hand C. treasure D. garden
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了园丁Wills临死前通过智慧让孩子们懂得劳动的价值。
【21题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，他很诚实。A. Above all首先；最重要的是；B. All in all总的说来；C. In all总共；共计；D. Once and for all彻底地； 一劳永逸地。根据“He was always active and never lazy.”可知，最重要的是Wills很诚实。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的手很粗糙。A. clumsy笨拙的；B. rough粗糙的；C. hairy多毛的；D. dirty脏的。根据上文“He worked hard when he was young.”和常识可知，园丁Wills很勤劳，所以手很粗糙。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他握着孩子们的手，他们的手太光滑了，因为它们从来没有被用来干活。A. pretty漂亮的；B. delicate纤细的；C. smooth光滑的；D. strong强壮的。根据“His hands were ____2____.”和“as they had never been ____4____ to work.”可知，这里将Wills的手和孩子的手对比，孩子们的手是光滑的。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他握着孩子们的手，他们的手太光滑了，因为它们从来没有被用来干活。A. adapted适应；B. adjusted适应；调整；C. used使用；D. transformed改变。be used to do sth.被用来做某事。根据“He took his children’s hands which were too ____3____”可知，孩子们的手很光滑，因为他们的手从来没有被用来干活。故选C。
25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们，你们一生中没有工作过一天。A. single单独的；B. particular特别的；C. peculiar古怪的；D. certain确定的。根据“as they had never been ____4____ to work.”可知，Wills的孩子一天都没有工作过。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我怀疑你们将来是否会工作。A. question问题；B. doubt怀疑；C. concern关心；D. anxiety焦虑。根据“about whether you will work or not in the future.”可知，Wills怀疑自己的孩子是否会工作。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在花园里的两棵树之间埋了一些财宝。A. covered覆盖；B. spread传播；C. collected收集；D. buried埋葬。根据“Both of you dig the earth and try to find the treasure.”可知，Wills告诉孩子们他花园里埋了一些财宝。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但你必须付出很大的努力。A. fortune命运；B. difference区别；C. effort努力；D. contribution贡献。根据“Both of you dig the earth and try to find the treasure.”可知，挖宝藏需要付出努力。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们毫不迟疑地去了花园。A. delay耽搁；B. difficulty困难；C. notice通知；D. interruption中断。without delay毫不迟疑地。根据“They were so happy that they would be ____10____ and they took the spade and started digging the earth between two trees.”和上文可知，因为听说有宝藏，所以孩子们毫不迟疑地去了花园挖宝藏。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们非常高兴，因为他们将变得富有，于是他们拿起铁锹，开始在两棵树之间挖土。A. wealthy富有的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. independent独立的；D. luxurious奢侈的。根据“They were so happy”可知，孩子们高兴的原因，是因为他们将变得富有。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们清除了杂草和石头。A. searched寻找；B. gathered聚集；C. removed去除；D. distinguished区别。根据“weeds and stones.”可知，为了挖宝藏，孩子们清除了杂草和石头。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是他们在地下也没有发现任何宝藏。A. however然而；B. though尽管；C. either也（用于否定句中）；D. instead反而。根据“They dug the earth between the other trees, too. They did not find any treasure there,”可知，孩子们在地下也没有发现任何宝藏。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几十天后，他们看到树上结满了甜美的果实。A. fruits水果；B. buds花蕾；C. seeds种子；D. leaves叶子。根据“They sold them in the market, which made a huge sum of money.”可知，树上结满了甜美的果实。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，他们学会了劳动的价值。A. price价格；B. value价值；C. lesson教训；D. trick诡计。根据“Both of them decided to work hard from then on.”可知，孩子们学会了劳动的价值。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们也明白了父亲关于宝藏的意思。A. work工作；B. hand手；C. treasure财富；宝藏；D. garden花园。根据上文“Both of you dig the earth and try to find the treasure. The treasure will be yours.”可知，孩子们明白了父亲关于宝藏的意思。故选C。
第Ⅱ卷
注意：请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分 语言运用
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the not too distant future, we will control just about everything ____36____(automatic) in our smart homes. Your lights will come on ____37____(instant) you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes. These smart homes will provide us with a sense of ____38____(secure) and provide a more comfortable environment to live in. They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness and potentially save your life. This smart technology is not a fantasy and many innovations will be available.
【答案】36. automatically
37. instantly
38. security
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章讲述了在不远的将来将会实现的一些智能技术。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：在不久的将来，我们将自动控制智能家居中的一切。分析句子并结合句意可知，此处应为副词，作状语修饰动词“control”。故填automatically。
【37题详解】
考查连词。句意：你一进门，灯光就会亮起，连同你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目也会自动播放。分析句子可知，此处应为连词，引导时间状语从句，意为：一……就……。故填instantly。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些智能家居将为我们提供一种安全感，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。分析句子可知，此处应为名词，作介词“of”的宾语，应为security，为不可数名词。故填security。
B
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuan Longping is known as the “father of hybrid rice”. His slim but strong body was just like ____39____ of millions of Chinese farmers. ____40____ concerned him most was that farmers had a serious shortage of food to eat. Yuan believed that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. However, he had to figure out ____41____ this could be done. Yuan overcame technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming. It is estimated that 60 percent of domestic rice consumption ____42____(comprise) of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains.
【答案】39. that
40. What 41. how
42. is comprised
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。袁隆平克服了技术上的困难，研制出了第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻。据估计，国内稻米消费的60%由袁氏杂交品种产生的作物组成。
【39题详解】
考查代词。句意：他单薄而强壮的身体就像千千万万的中国农民。此处指上文body应用代词that。故填that。
【40题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：他最关心的是农民严重缺乏食物。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，应用what，句首单词首字母要大写。故填What。
【41题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：然而，他必须想办法做到这一点。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故用how。故填how。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：据估计，国内稻米消费的60%是袁氏杂交品种产生的作物组成。短语be comprised of表示“由……组成”，结合上文is可知为一般现在时，主语为60 percent of domestic rice consumption，谓语用单数。故填is comprised。
C
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification in China and she is ____43____(ambition) to set up her own business. When she recalled her experience as an exchange student in London, the biggest challenge was the academic requirements. When she wrote an essay, her tutor advised her to form a wise opinion ____44____ her own. As well as studying hard, she got actively ____45____(involve) in social activities. British people are fascinated by our culture and she is keen to share culture with them.
【答案】43. ambitious 44. on
45. involved
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。谢蕾正在中国攻读商业资格证书，她雄心勃勃地想创办自己的企业。她回忆自己在伦敦作为交换生时最大的挑战是学业问题。期间她努力学习，而且还积极参与社会活动。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：谢蕾正在中国攻读商业资格证书，她雄心勃勃地想创办自己的企业。此处应用形容词ambitious作表语，故填ambitious。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：当她写一篇文章时，她的导师建议她独立地形成明智的观点。on one’s own固定搭配，意为“独立地”，故填on。
【45题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：除了努力学习，她还积极参加社会活动。get/be involved in固定搭配，意为“参与”，故填involved。
第三节 根据首字母或汉语提示，用单词的完整正确形式填空，每空填一个词。(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
46. The twins are i________ to each other in appearance. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】identical##dentical
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这对双胞胎外貌一模一样。根据单词首字母可知应填形容词identical，作表语。故填identical。
47. This girl has a good g________ of English grammar. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】grasp##rasp
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个女孩对英语语法掌握得很好。have a good grasp of深刻了解；对……掌握得好。根据首字母提示及句意，故填grasp。
48. They formed a ________(具体的) initiative to help the homeless. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】concrete
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们形成了一项具体的倡议来帮助无家可归的人。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“intitiative”；根据汉语提示，应为形容词concrete。故填concrete。
49. The article gives us an ________(洞察力) into the health crisis. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】insight
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这篇文章使我们对健康危机有了深刻的认识。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词an，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据所给中文提示词，应是insight意为“洞察力”。故填insight。
50. Our teacher ________(干预，干涉) in the conflict between the two students.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】interfered
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们老师介入了两个学生之间的冲突。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处使用动词interfere，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填interfered。
51. The judge was ________(相信) of the proof that linked the suspect with the crime. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】convinced
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：法官确信有证据表明嫌疑犯与犯罪有关。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词convinced，作表语。故填convinced。
52. Cycling is an ________(可替代的) means of transportation to driving private cars. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】alternative
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：骑自行车是驾驶私家车的另一种交通方式。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词alternative“可替代的”，满足句意要求。故填alternative。
53. As for his future occupation, he wants to take up a position as an ________(口译人员). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】interpreter
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：关于他未来的职业，他想当一名口译员。“口译人员”应用名词interpreter作宾语，由an可知，应用单数，故填interpreter。
54. Protein is e________ for our body and improves our body’s resistance to infection. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】essential##ssential
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：蛋白质对我们身体是必不可少的，它能提高我们身体对感染的抵抗力。be essential for对……必不可少的。根据首字母提示及句意，故填essential。
55. Through t________ and error, Tu Youyou ultimately extracted a substance that worked. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】trial##rial
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：经过反复试验，屠呦呦最终提取出了一种有效的物质。trial and error反复试验, 不断摸索。根据首字母提示及句意，故填trial。
第四部分 写作(满分25分)
56. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
People think being a delivery person is easy, but it’s more complex than anyone can imagine. Although Harry always did his best, he was not able to afford a car. He used his motorbike to deliver orders and usually it was convenient except for severe weather conditions.
One day, he was trying to get off the highway when he saw an old beggar trying to cross the road. He was weak and looked cold in his dirty jacket. The honks (鸣笛) of cars echoed as they passed him, and the man backed away with fear. If that kept going, someone would run over the man, so Harry stopped to help him cross.
Harry grabbed the man’s arm to guide him and started leading him through it. Luckily, they reached the other side after a few minutes, and the old beggar smiled brightly at him. “Thank you so much, young man. I can’t believe I finally crossed. Can you tell me your address? I want to send a thank-you gift.” the older man said, reaching for Harry.
“Oh, that’s not necessary.” Harry said and straightened his motorbike to get back on it. “Please. I couldn’t live with myself if I didn’t repay this kind gesture,” he insisted, and Harry nodded, telling him his address. Still, he didn’t expect anything from this poor older man. “Thank you again!” the senior beggar waved as Harry rolled away to continue working.
Harry lived in a nice neighborhood but because the pandemic cost him his job, and now food delivery was his entire livelihood. Some days he had to work 18 hours to make ends meet. He was his children’s only parent because his wife had abandoned them long ago, and Harry was determined to build a promising future for them, even if he didn’t have a car to make those deliveries properly. He was saving for that.
注意：
However, he found a brand new car in his garage the following day.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The sincerity in the old man’s face couldn’t be denied.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
However, he found a brand new car in his garage the following day. “What’s going on?” he wondered wide-eyed, throwing his motorbike on the grass. Then he noticed the old beggar he had helped cross the road standing by the garage. “Sir! What are you doing here? Is that your car? How? What? Why?” Harry stumbled through questions as he approached the old man. The old man explained that his wife had left him with their only son when his company went bankrupt. And this car bought years ago had been for his grandson as a birthday gift, who, however, had died of a severe disease. “I could tell from your work uniform that you deliver food, and thought that you could really use the vehicle. Please, accept it!”, the old man insisted.
Paragraph 2:
The sincerity in the old man’s face couldn’t be denied. Harry swallowed thickly at the moisture gathering in the old man’s eyes and finally nodded. “Thank you,” he said gratefully and hugged the old beggar. “How about some dinner?”, Harry offered, brightening the mood. They had dinner and a wonderful time. The next day, Harry delivered everything in the new car and got home early to spend more time with his kids and actually enjoyed himself. He invited the old man to come every Friday for a special dinner, and he became like a member of their family — a family who valued each other after anything money could buy. So be nice to others, and you’ll get repaid in unusual ways.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Harry一次帮助了一个老乞丐过了马路，次日，这位老乞丐送给了Harry一辆崭新的汽车。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然而，第二天他在车库里发现了一辆崭新的汽车。”以及第二段首句“老人脸上的真诚是不可否认的。”可知，第一段可描写老人坚持要把这辆车送给Harry，并解释了原因。
②由第二段首句“老人脸上的真诚是不可否认的。”可知，第二段可描写Harry最终接受了老人的善意。
2.续写线索：Harry帮助老人过马路——老人索要Harry的地址，说要回报Harry的善意——Harry由于没有汽车，一直在努力工作——次日，Harry在车库里发现了一辆崭新的汽车——老人坚持要Harry收下汽车，并解释了原因——Harry收下了汽车，老人也成了他的家人
3.词汇激活
行为类
①注意到：notice/observe/spot
②珍视：value/treasure
③玩得很开心：enjoy oneself/ have fun/have a good/great/wonderful time
情绪类
①感激地：gratefully/thankfully
②极好的：wonderful/excellent/fantastic
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Then he noticed the old beggar he had helped cross the road standing by the garage.（运用了省略关系代词的定语从句）
【高分句型2】The old man explained that his wife had left him with their only son when his company went bankrupt.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和when引导的时间状语从句