2022届黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三第四次模拟考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三第四次模拟考试英语试题含解析，共29页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 哈师大附中2022年高三第四次模拟考试
英语试卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Keep up until the exams end. B. Go for a holiday with her.
C. Have a rest.
2. What does the man say about his brother?
A. He is a good example to follow. B. He has found a full-time job.
C. He works o pay off his debt.
3. What docs the woman imply about the man?
A. He has to pay a late fee. B. He can pay his registration fees by Friday.
C. He is allowed to pay the registration fees after Friday.
4. Where will the speaker go?
A. To a Mexican market. B. To a Turkish market.
C. To an American market.
5. What does the gymnastics teacher look like?
A. She is thin and short. B. She has long block hair.
C. She is tall and wears glosses.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How many people will be absent from the party tonight?
A. 8. B. 6. C. 2.
7. Why can’t Marcia come?
A. She is ill. B. She is working late. C. She has another appointment.
听第7段材料，回答第8至第10题。
8. What is the man probably?
A. A secretary. B. A tour guide. C. A hotel receptionist.
9. What does the man offer to do for the woman?
A. Find her a cheap suite. B. Book tickets for the festival.
C. Show her around St. Petersburg.
10. What do we know about the woman?
A. She likes to stay in the same hotel. B. She will visit St. Petersburg in July.
C. She will stay in St. Petersburg for 5 days.
听第8段材料，回答第11至第14题。
11. What is the probably relationship between the man and Ginny?
A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Boyfriend and girlfriend.
12. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. What to buy for Ginny. B. How to comfort Ginny.
C. When to see Ginny off.
13. What department was Ginny in before?
A. Sales. B. Accounts. C. Human Resources.
14. What does Ginny like doing?
A. Painting. B. Watching TV. C. Growing plants.
听第9段材料，回答第15至第17题。
15. What are the speakers talking about?
A. How to improve competitiveness. B. How to modernize the factory.
C. How to reduce costs.
16. How did the speakers’ company advertise?
A. On TV. B. In newspapers. C. Over the Internet.
17. How does the woman feel about her proposal?
A. Confident. B. Dissatisfied. C. Worried.
听第10段材料，回答第18至第20题。
18. Why did the Romans build many roads?
A. To connect them with other countries. B. To move large armies and trade goods.
C. To make Rome the centre of the world.
19. How did the Romans break up the rock?
A. With explosives. B. With machinery. C. With fire and cold water.
20. What do we know about the roads?
A. They were too solid. B. People began to build the roads in 200 BC.
C. 50,000 miles of them had been built by 300 AD.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Sherlock Holmes Museum is situated at 221B Baker Street, London, one of the world’s most famous addresses.
How to get here
Finding one of the most famous addresses in the world couldn’t be easier. We’re just a few minutes’ walk from Baker Street station on the London Underground, as well as easily accessible by bus, or by mainline train (Marylebone Station is just 5 minutes’ walk away).
Underground: We’re just a few minutes’ walk from Baker Street station on the Bakerloo, Jubilee, Circle, Metropolitan and Hammersmith and City Lines.
Bus: Bus numbers 13, 74, 189 and 274 all stop within a few feet of our front door while numbers 113, 18, 27, 30, 205 and 453 all stop nearby on Marylebone Road.
Train: The nearest mainline train station is Marylebone Station which is served by Chiltern Railways. London Paddington is also only a few stops away on the Bakerloo line.
Car: Limited parking can be found nearby at 170 Marylebone Road and Britannia Parking at the Landmark Hotel London, 222 Marylebone Road.
Opening hours
Monday-Tuesday: closed
Wednesday through Sunday: 10 a.m.—5 p.m.
Tickets
Adults—£15
Concessions (老年优待票)—£12
Children (under 16)—£10
Children (under 6)—Free
1. Which transport makes the walking distance to the museum shortest?
A. Underground. B. Bus. C. Train. D. Car.
2. What can we know from the text?
A. You can visit the museum on Monday morning.
B. There arc few bus numbers to the museum.
C. Driving a private car is highly recommended.
D The museum is quite easily accessible to visitors.
3. How much do a couple with 3 children (twins aged 8 and a baby) have to pay to visit the museum?
A £45. B. £50. C. £54. D. £60.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参观夏洛克·福尔摩斯博物馆的一些信息，乘坐什么样的交通工具，开放时间和票价。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“Bus numbers 13, 74, 189 and 274 all stop within a few feet of our front door while numbers 113, 18, 27, 30, 205 and 453 all stop nearby on Marylebone Road.(13、74、189和274路公交车都停在离我们前门几英尺的地方，而113、18、27、30、205和453路公交车都停在马里波恩路附近)”可知，乘坐公共汽车去博物馆的步行距离最短。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话“We’re just a few minutes’ walk from Baker Street station on the London Underground, as well as easily accessible by bus, or by mainline train (Marylebone Station is just 5 minutes’ walk away).(们距离伦敦地铁贝克街站只有几分钟的步行路程，也可以很容易地乘坐公共汽车或主线火车到达那里（马里莱邦站只有5分钟的步行路程）)”可知，去博物馆的交通很便利，游客能够很容易就到那。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tickets下面的部分“Adults—£15 Concessions (老年优待票) —£12 Children (under 16)—£10 Children (under 6)—Free”可知，一对有一对8岁的双胞胎和一个婴儿的夫妇要花（£15*2+£10*2）50英镑才能参观博物馆。故选B。


B
Doctors told us that our son, Matti, had a rare disease affecting his kidneys. We were in complete shock.
One of us would need to provide a kidney for him. This situation could have completely thrown us, but we decided to take it as it comes. We were in the hospital for a month and have to come back quite often.
Between the ages of 18 months, Matti was stable with the help of medication. Without warning, the function of Matti’s kidneys went downhill very quickly, before failing completely — what the doctors warned us of at birth.
Initially, we hoped dialysis would only be a couple of months until the kidney transplant happened, but the outbreak of COVID-19 mean I that it was put on hold.
As is known, it was tough trying to keep track of how much water he could take in. He was limited to 600 ml a day as required, but the restriction felt especially hard over the summer. In general, Matti was pretty accepting this — but there were moments when, understandably, he hated it. There were moments when we all got frustrated, I can’t deny.
Stefan and I had decided that he’d be the one to give Matti a kidney. Stefan was rejected, leaving me to be considered. I was nervous that the doctors would discover something that wouldn’t work with me too. But, thankfully, I was a match. I could barely explain the relief I fell when I woke up, to hear that the kidney had made it over to Matti safely.
Of course, there follow a lot of medications, and a specialist comes to bring a bit of fun to what can be a boring day. He is invaluable and occupies my son so that I can grab a coffee and a break. What I have learned is that nothing is more important that health.
4. What was the problem with the author’s son?
A. He had a rare disease at the age of 18 months.
B. He had a kidney transplant as soon as he was born.
C. His kidneys were damaged by an illness at birth.
D. He had to depend on dialysis to live all his life.
5. The underlined expression “put on hold” in Paragraph 4 probably means ______.
A. performed B. cancelled C. continued D. delayed
6. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The author’s son was always ready to do what he was required.
B. Stefan failed to give his kidney because of his poor health.
C. The operation couldn’t have been successful without the specialist.
D. The couple had already been informed of his son’s condition before.
7. What kind of person is the specialist according to the text?
A. Helpful and considerate. B. Clumsy and careless.
C Modest and devoted. D. Easy-going and cheerful.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的儿子患有罕见的疾病，影响了肾脏，要接受肾脏移植手术，但COVID-19的爆发意味着这一计划被搁置了。最后作者与儿子相匹配，成功和儿子进行了移植手术。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Doctors told us that our son, Matti, had a rare disease affecting his kidneys.(医生告诉我们，我们的儿子马蒂患有一种罕见的疾病，影响了他的肾脏)”可知，作者的儿子出生时，他的肾脏因疾病受损。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Initially, we hoped dialysis would only be a couple of months until the kidney transplant happened, but the outbreak of COVID-19 mean I that it was”及常识可知，最初，他们希望透析只需要几个月，直到肾脏移植手术发生，但COVID-19的爆发意味着这一计划被推迟了。由此推知， 划线短语put on hold意思是“推迟”。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Without warning, the function of Matti’s kidneys went downhill very quickly, before failing completely — what the doctors warned us of at birth.(马蒂的肾脏功能在毫无征兆的情况下迅速下降，直到完全衰竭——这是医生在他出生时就警告我们的)”可知，这对夫妇之前就已经知道了儿子的情况。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Of course, there follow a lot of medications, and a specialist comes to bring a bit of fun to what can be a boring day. He is invaluable and occupies my son so that I can grab a coffee and a break.(当然，接下来会有很多药物治疗，一位专家会给枯燥的一天带来一点乐趣。他很有价值，忙着照顾我儿子，所以我可以喝杯咖啡休息一下)”可推知，专家乐于助人，体贴入微。故选A。
C
Many of us check labels to ensure the food we buy is healthy. But how many of us check what we eat, is produced in a way that benefits the environment? Some fanning methods actually help reduce carbon emissions, for instance by removing carbon from the atmosphere and improving the quality of the soil. Many smaller-scale farmers use these “regenerative farming” practices, but big food companies are also getting on board.
So what is “regenerative farming” and how can you tell if the food is produced in this way? Asking questions about the fanning methods used to produce food may not provide the precise answers you want (unless you talk to the farmers). But interest in and knowledge about regenerative farming are growing, and shops may he able to investigate and come back to you.
How has produce been grown?
Farmers using a regenerative approach typically avoid or minimize tilling (犁地) to protect the structure of the soil and its microorganisms. These microorganisms are vital for soil fertility and protect crops from pests and disease. Good soil structure also helps to prevent flooding and pollution. Regenerative farmers also typically plant a groundcover of herbs, wildflowers and grasses. These add nitrogen (氮) to the soil, encourage wildlife and pollinators, help prevent erosion and flooding, and control weeds.
Have pesticides (杀虫剂) and artificial fertilizers (肥料) been used?
Regenerative farmers may maximize crop diversity and rotate crops to reduce the need for chemical inputs and support wildlife, because artificial fertilizers are responsible for about one percent of all global, carbon dioxide.
How has the product been transported?
How it is transported is important, and food air miles can have 100 times the carbon footprint of miles of transportation by sea. If fruit and vegetables aren’t in season when you buy them, try to find the miles if they have been flown in or grown in a hothouse heated by fossil fuels. “If you can’t buy direct from a local producer, and obviously many people can’t, you need to do some research,” a farmer says, “Try to make your supply chain as short as possible.”
What have the animals been fed?
There are environmental benefits to being grass-fed, and feeding animals imported grains may be bad for the environment.
8. Which of the following is a regenerative farming method?
A. Minimizing the microorganisms. B. Limiting crop diversity.
C. Growing herbs, wildflowers and grasses. D. Slopping using fertilizers.
9. We can help reduce carbon emissions by ______.
A. picking up food from the nearby markets B. feeding animals with imported grains
C. buying local products directly from farmers D. transporting goods by air rather than by sea
10. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Big food companies are starting to use regenerative farming.
B. Fruit grown in the hothouse isn't available everywhere.
C. It is no use asking farmers about the farming methods.
D. People are clear about how food is produced.
11. What’s the purpose of this passage?
A. To instruct farmers how to farm regeneratively.
B. To encourage less use of pesticides and artificial fertilizers.
C. To promote local products to customers.
D. To teach customers how to tell regenerative farming.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是再生农业，并且从农产品如何被种植，使用杀虫剂和肥料，交通和动物喂养方式等几方面教客户如何辨别再生农业。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三四句“Regenerative farmers also typically plant a groundcover of herbs, wildflowers and grasses. These add nitrogen (氮) to the soil, encourage wildlife and pollinators, help prevent erosion and flooding, and control weeds.（再生农民通常还会种植地被植物、野花和草。这些植物向土壤中添加氮，鼓励野生动物和传粉者，有助于防止侵蚀和洪水，并控制杂草。）”，可知种植草本植物、野花和草是再生农业方法。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“ “If you can’t buy direct from a local producer, and obviously many people can’t, you need to do some research,” a farmer says, “Try to make your supply chain as short as possible.”（“如果你不能直接从当地生产商那里购买，而且显然很多人不能，你需要做一些研究，”一位农民说，“尽量缩短你的供应链。”）”，可知我们可以通过直接从农民那里购买当地产品来帮助减少碳排放。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“Many smaller-scale farmers use these “regenerative farming” practices, but big food companies are also getting on board.（许多小规模的农民使用这些“再生农业”做法，但大型食品公司也加入其中。）”，可知我们能从这篇文章中推断出大型食品公司正在开始使用再生农业。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“So what is “regenerative farming” and how can you tell if the food is produced in this way? Asking questions about the fanning methods used to produce food may not provide the precise answers you want (unless you talk to the farmers). But interest in and knowledge about regenerative farming are growing, and shops may he able to investigate and come back to you.（那么什么是“再生农业”，你如何判断食物是否是以这种方式生产的呢？询问用于生产粮食的耕作方法可能无法提供您想要的确切答案（除非您与农民交谈）。但是，人们对再生农业的兴趣和知识正在增长，商店可能会进行调查并给您答案。）”，结合之后文章的小标题即可判断这篇文章的目的是教顾客如何辨别再生农业。故选D。
D
A NASA spacecraft that will deliberately crash into an asteroid (小行星) is preparing to launch this week. The DART mission, or the Double Asteroid Redirection Test, will lift off at 10:20 p. m. PT on November 23, 2021 aboard a Space X Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. Live coverage of the event will air on NASA TV and the agency’s site. But the true test for this asteroid deflection (偏转) technology will come in September 2022, when the spacecraft reaches its destination, to see how it affects the motion of a near-Earth asteroid in space.
The mission target is Dimorphos a small moon orbiting the near-Earth asteroid Didymos. This will be the agency’s first full-scale demonstration of this type of technology on behalf of planetary defense. It also will be the first time that humans have changed the motion of a solar system body in a measurable way, according to the European Space Agency.
It’s the perfect time for the DART mission to occur. Didymos and Dimorphos will be relatively close to Earth—within 11 million kilometers—in September 2022. The spacecraft will come speeding in at about 24,140 kilometers per hour, targeting Dimorphos, said Nancy Chabot, DART coordination leader at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland.
The mission’s aim is to deliberately crash into Dimorphos to change the asteroid’s motion in space, according to NASA. This collision will be recorded by CubeSat, a companion cube satellite provided by the Italian Space Agency. It’s the Italian Space Agency’s first deep space mission.
The briefcase-size CubeSat will travel on DART and then be moved from it before impact (撞击) so it can record what happens. Three minutes after the impact, the CubeSat will fly by Dimorphos to capture images and video. The video of the impact will be streamed back to Earth, which should be “pretty exciting,” said Elena Adams, DART mission systems engineer at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.
12. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. The Italian Space Agency has launched deep space missions before.
B. The spacecraft will reach its destination in September 2022.
C. Humans changed the motion of a solar system body in the past.
D. Didymos and Dimorphos are 11 million kilometers away from Earth now.
13. Why will the spacecraft deliberately crash into an asteroid?
A. To destroy Dimorphos completely. B. To be recorded by CubeSat.
C. To change the asteroid’s motion in space. D. To show the technology.
14. What’s Elena Adams’ attitude to the coming video of the impact?
A. Positive. B. Skeptical. C. Cautious. D. Unclear.
15. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. NASA’s DART mission is set to launch.
B. A spacecraft will deliberately crash into the Moon.
C. NASA will show off its technology of defending the Earth.
D. A Space X Falcon 9 rocket will be launched this week.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要谈论了NASA即将启动的DART任务以及美国航天局对这次任务的安排及预想。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But the true test for this asteroid deflection (偏转) technology will come in September 2022, when the spacecraft reaches its destination, to see how it affects the motion of a near-Earth asteroid in space.（但这项小行星偏转技术的真正考验将在2022年9月航天器到达目的地时到来，以了解它如何影响近地小行星在太空中的运动。）”，可知根据课文，该航天器将于2022年9月到达目的地是正确的。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The mission’s aim is to deliberately crash into Dimorphos to change the asteroid’s motion in space, according to NASA. （据美国宇航局称，此次任务的目的是故意撞向二态磷，以改变小行星在太空中的运动。）”，可知宇宙飞船会故意撞上小行星的原因是改变小行星在太空中的运动。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The video of the impact will be streamed back to Earth, which should be “pretty exciting,”said Elena Adams, DART mission systems engineer at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.（约翰·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室的DART任务系统工程师埃琳娜·亚当斯说，撞击的视频将流回地球，这应该“非常令人兴奋”。）”，可知埃琳娜·亚当斯对即将到来的撞击视频持积极乐观的态度。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一二句“A NASA spacecraft that will deliberately crash into an asteroid (小行星) is preparing to launch this week. The DART mission, or the Double Asteroid Redirection Test, will lift off at 10:20 p. m. PT on November 23, 2021 aboard a Space X Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.（NASA的一艘有意撞向小行星的航天器准备于本周发射。DART任务或双小行星重定向测试将于2021 11月23日晚上10点20分在加利福尼亚州范登堡空军基地搭载的“猎鹰9号”太空火箭上升空。）”，可知这篇文章主要谈论NASA的DART任务即将启动。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why is there a shortage of HGV drivers?
The UK needs 100,000 more HGV drivers if it is to meet demand, according to the Road Haulage Association (BHA).
Hod McKenzie, from the organisation, told Sky News it was a “critical situation” and a “cocktail of chaos” had led to the crisis. ____16____?
Retiring drivers
It says around 2,000 drivers are leaving the industry every week, often due to retirement, with only 1,000 new recruits joining over the same period. Mr McKenzie told Sky News, “____17____, so we’ve got more lorry drivers leaving the profession because they want to retire.”
Cost of training and pay
“We want younger people to want to be truckers, and it’s expensive—at least £4,000, possibly £7,000—to train to be a trucker and that’s beyond the pockets of most young people,” he told Sky News. “So we’ve got to make it easier to take that financial burden away from them and make it easier for them to gel in and stay in. ____18____.”
Working conditions
____19____, according to Ms Short. She said, “When we’re trying to attract talent from mainland Europe to come here and work, and the pay and conditions that they have there are better, we need to consider how we can look at things like that for them as well.”
____20____
A change to rules on how people pay tax has been blamed for some HGV drivers leaving the industry. The reform of the IR 35 rules were designed to prevent workers from setting up limited companies through which they pay less tax and National Insurance while working, in effect, as an employee.
A. Tax changes
B. HGV driving tests
C. So what are the causes
D. What will be done to fix the problem
E. We’ve got an ageing population of lorry drivers
F. One of the problems we've had has been low pay and that’s now being addressed
G. Conditions at roadside services in the UK are “far worse” than in mainland Europe
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了英国缺重型货车司机的原因。
【16题详解】
由文章的第一段“The UK needs 100,000 more HGV drivers if it is to meet demand, according to the Road Haulage Association (BHA).(英国道路运输协会表示，如果要满足需求，英国还需要10万名重型货车司机)”和第二段的句子“it was ‘a critical situation’(这是‘很严重的情况’)”可知，英国缺重型货车司机，并且情况很严重。而文章剩下的内容分析了英国缺重型货车司机的几个原因。所以空格处的句子应该是一个承上启下的句子，引出下文分析原因。所以C项的句子“So what are the causes(那么原因是什么呢？)”最合适。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据空后句子“so we’ve got more lorry drivers leaving the profession because they want to retire.(所以我们有更多的卡车司机离开这个行业，因为他们想退休)”连词so推知，空格处的句子应该是告诉我们为什么有更多的卡车司机离开这个行业。所以E项的句子“We’ve got an ageing population of lorry drivers(我们的卡车司机人口正在老龄化)”符合语境。故选E。
【18题详解】
该部分的主题是“Cost of training and pay(培训成本和工资)”——英国缺卡车司机的原因之一。空格前的部分详细分析了培训成本的问题“We want younger people to want to be truckers, and it’s expensive—at least £4,000, possibly £7,000—to train to be a trucker and that’s beyond the pockets of most young people(我们希望年轻人想成为卡车司机，培训成为卡车司机至少需要4000英镑，可能需要7000英镑，这太贵了，超出了大多数年轻人的支付能力)”由此推知，空格处的句子应该分析工资问题。F项“One of the problems we've had has been low pay and that’s now being addressed(我们曾经遇到的问题之一是工资低，现在正在解决)”符合题意。故选F。
【19题详解】
该部分的主题是“Working conditions(工作条件)”，而根据下面Ms Short说的话“When we’re trying to attract talent from mainland Europe to come here and work, and the pay and conditions that they have there are better, we need to consider how we can look at things like that for them as well.(当我们试图从欧洲大陆吸引人才来这里工作，而他们在那里的薪酬和条件更好时，我们需要思考如何为他们考虑这些事情)”可知，和欧洲大陆的司机相比，英国的卡车司机的工作条件是不好的。由此推知，空格处的句子也应该是对比英国卡车司机和欧洲大陆卡车司机的工作条件。G项“Conditions at roadside services in the UK are “far worse” than in mainland Europe(英国路边服务的条件比欧洲大陆‘糟糕得多’)”符合题意。故选G。
【20题详解】
空格处的句子该部分的主题句。下文“A change to rules on how people pay tax has been blamed for some HGV drivers leaving the industry.(一些重型货车司机离开行业的原因是人们如何纳税规则的改变)”说明是纳税规则的改变使一些卡车司机离开了这一行业，接着下文详细说明这一改革的目的和对卡车司机的影响。所以这一段的主题应该和纳税的改变有关。只有A项“Tax changes(税收变化)”符合要求。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One of Switzerland’s most popular ski areas has been covering mountain areas with cloth material in an effort to reduce ice melt aver the summer.
Workers have ____21____ large blankets of material around Mount Titlis, a ski area near the Swiss mountain town of Engelberg. The area contains a glacier (冰川) that has been ____22____ large amounts of ice over the past 20 years. The ____23____ cloth, made of a chemical material, is designed to ____24____ the sun. “Putting the blankets ____25____ the glacier provides a natural protective shield,” Gian Darms, who oversees snow conditions and mountain security in the area, explained to Reuters. Decreasing snow cover ____26____ higher temperatures presents a huge ____27____ to ski areas across Europe. Having a glacier can provide some protection from ____28____ change. It can help ____29____ large snow supplies on the mountain year-round. This snow can later be moved to fill in areas where it is needed.
But the Swiss government has ____30____ that 90 percent of the country’s remaining 1,500 glaciers will ____31____ by the end of the century ____32____ nothing is done to cut man-made pollution emissions. Davms said he has had to ____33____ increase the size of the blankets over the glacier in recent years to save what is ____34____. A small group of ____35____ work over five-to-six weeks to cover parts of the glacier. ____36____ the summer, the workers spend weeks removing the ____37____.
Currently, the reflective material covers about 100,000 square meters, which is about the ____38____ of 14 football fields. The blankets help reflect the sun’s energy ____39____ into the atmosphere.
Collected ____40____ is used to fill openings in the glacier that could open up along the area’s ski runs. The snow also helps support lift structures that are fixed into the ice.
21. A. produced B. placed C. transported D. folded
22. A. losing B. gathering C. forming D. breaking
23. A. colorful B. decorative C. fragile D. reflective
24. A. absorb B. block C. explore D. defend
25. A. in B. under C. over D. through
26. A. resulting from B. referring to C. leading to D. benefiting from
27. A. profit B. promise C. threat D. opportunity
28. A. pollution B. climate C. population D. economy
29. A. maintain B. consume C. attract D. reduce
30. A. determined B. doubled C. proposed D. predicted
31. A. emerge B. disappear C. drift D. expand
32. A. unless B. whether C. if D. although
33. A. continually B. thoroughly C. occasionally D. eventually
34. A. melted B. left C. polluted D. removed
35. A. climbers B. scientists C. skiers D. employees
36. A. After B. Before C. Till D. During
37. A. leaves B. ice C. covers D. rubbish
38. A. length B. value C. quantity D. size
39. A. forward B. out C. back D. down
40. A. wood B. cloth C. water D. snow
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个瑞士最受欢迎的滑雪区一直在山区铺设布料，以减少夏季的冰雪融化。文章介绍了这项工程具体的操作过程。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：工人们在瑞士山城恩格尔堡附近的铁力斯山滑雪场周围铺设了大片的材料。A. produced产生；B. placed铺设；C. transported运输；D. folded折叠。根据后文“large blankets of material around Mount Titlis”可知，此处指在铁力斯山滑雪场周围铺设了大片的材料。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该地区有一个冰川，在过去20年里，它的冰量一直在减少。A. losing损失；B. gathering聚集；C. forming形成；D. breaking打破。结合第一段“One of Switzerland’s most popular ski areas has been covering mountain areas with cloth material in an effort to reduce ice melt aver the summer.(瑞士最受欢迎的滑雪场之一已经开始用布料覆盖山区，以减少夏季冰的融化)”可知，冰川的冰量在减少。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种由化学材料制成的反光布被设计用来阻挡阳光。A. colorful多彩的；B. decorative装饰性的；C. fragile脆弱的；D. reflective反射的。根据后文“provides a natural protective shield”可知，这种布料是用来反射阳光，从而保护冰川的。后文“the reflective material”也是提示。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种由化学材料制成的反光布被设计用来阻挡阳光。A. absorb吸收；B. block阻塞；C. explore探索；D. defend防御。根据后文“provides a natural protective shield”可知，这种由化学材料制成的反光布被设计用来阻挡阳光，从而保护冰川不被融化。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：“把毯子盖在冰川上提供了一个天然的保护盾，”负责该地区雪况和山区安全的吉安·达姆斯向路透社解释说。A. in在里面；B. under在下面；C. over在上面；D. through通过。根据后文“the glacier provides a natural protective shield”可知，把毯子盖在冰川上提供了一个天然的保护盾，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：高温导致的积雪面积减少对整个欧洲的滑雪场构成了巨大的威胁。A. resulting from起因于；B. referring to提及；C. leading to带领；D. benefiting from得益于。根据后文“higher temperatures”可知，积雪面积减少起因于高温。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：高温导致的积雪面积减少对整个欧洲的滑雪场构成了巨大的威胁。A. profit利润；B. promise承诺；C. threat威胁；D. opportunity机会。根据上文“Decreasing snow cover”可知，积雪面积减少对整个欧洲的滑雪场构成了巨大的威胁。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：拥有冰川可以提供一些保护，免受气候变化的影响。A. pollution污染；B. climate气候；C. population人口；D. economy经济。根据上文“higher temperatures”可知，此处指的是气候变化的影响。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可以帮助维持山上全年的大量积雪供应。A. maintain维持；B. consume消耗；C. attract吸引；D. reduce减少。根据后文“large snow supplies on the mountain year-round”可知，这一措施可以帮助维持山上全年的大量积雪供应。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但瑞士政府预测，如果不采取措施减少人为污染排放，该国剩余的1500座冰川中的90%将在本世纪末消失。A. determined决定；B. doubled翻倍；C. proposed提议；D. predicted预测。根据后文“by the end of the century”可知，此处是对将来的预测。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但瑞士政府预测，如果不采取措施减少人为污染排放，该国剩余的1500座冰川中的90%将在本世纪末消失。A. emerge出现；B. disappear消失；C. drift漂移；D. expand扩大。根据后文“nothing is done to cut man-made pollution emissions”可知，这里假设的是如果不采取措施减少人为污染排放，该国剩余的1500座冰川中的90%将在本世纪末消失。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：但瑞士政府预测，如果不采取措施减少人为污染排放，该国剩余的1500座冰川中的90%将在本世纪末消失。A. unless除非；B. whether是否；C. if如果；D. although虽然。此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用if。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：达姆斯说，近年来，他不得不不断增加冰川上的毯子的尺寸，以保护剩下的东西。A. continually不断地；B. thoroughly完全地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. eventually终于。根据后文“increase the size of the blankets over the glacier in recent years”可知，此处指近年来，不得不不断增加冰川上的毯子的尺寸。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：达姆斯说，近年来，他不得不不断增加冰川上的毯子的尺寸，以保护剩下的东西。A. melted 融化；B. left离开，剩下；C. polluted污染；D. removed去除。根据上文“to save what is”可知，增加冰川上的毯子的尺寸，以保护剩下的东西。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一小群员工工作五到六周来覆盖部分冰川。A. climbers登山者；B. scientists科学家；C. skiers滑雪者；D. employees员工。根据后文“work over five-to-six weeks to cover parts of the glacier”可知，做这件事的是员工。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：夏天过后，工人们要花上几个星期的时间来拆除覆盖物。A. After在……之后；B. Before在……之前；C. Till直到；D. During在……期间。根据后文“the summer, the workers spend weeks removing the”可知，保护冰川主要发生在夏季，所以是夏季过后，开始拆除覆盖物。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：夏天过后，工人们要花上几个星期的时间来拆除覆盖物。A. leaves树叶；B. ice冰；C. covers覆盖物；D. rubbish垃圾。根据上文“to cover parts of the glacier”可知，此处指保护冰川的覆盖物。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，这种反光材料的面积约为10万平方米，相当于14个足球场的大小。A. length长度；B. value价值；C. quantity数量；D. size尺寸。根据上文“Currently, the reflective material covers about 100,000 square meters, which is about the”可知，此处是在描述反光材料的尺寸相当于14个足球场的大小。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些毯子有助于将太阳的能量反射回大气层。A. forward向前；B. out出去；C. back回去；D. down乡下。根据后文“into the atmosphere”可知，此处指把太阳的能量反射回大气层。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：收集到的雪被用来填补冰川上的缺口，这些缺口可能会沿着该地区的滑雪道打开。A. wood木材；B. cloth布料；C. water水；D. snow雪。根据后文“is used to fill openings in the glacier”可知，填补冰川的缺口只能是雪。故选D。
部二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you know chimpanzees(黑猩猩) have excellent mathematical and art skills? This was one of the ten studies ____41____(award) at this year’s Pineapple Science Prize ceremony on March 13 in China. Over the past ten years, the Prize has explored the fun side of science and encouraged curiosity-driven scientific research. ____42____, it’s not all funny business, in fact, all ____43____(entry) must also be serious scientific studies. It is known that chimpanzees are much ____44____(smart) than other animals, but we ____45____(probable) don’t think they could heal university students or master art. A study by researchers from the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University was ____46____ winner of this year’s award for mathematics and art.
____47____(use) their chimpanzee Abu and a control group of university students, the researchers surprisedly ____48____(find) that Abu could remember random numbers both more quickly and more accurately than the students. In addition, the art skills of some chimpanzees demonstrate their ability ____49____(connect) the real three-dimensional world ____50____ the two-dimensional world on paper, reflecting a huge jump in the brain.
【答案】41. awarded
42. However##Nevertheless
43. entries
44. smarter
45. probably
46. the 47. Using
48. found 49. to connect
50. with##and
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国菠萝科学奖的相关知识和今年的获奖的一些研究。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这是今年3月13日在中国举行菠萝科学奖颁奖典礼上授予的十项研究之一。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作定语，和所修饰的名词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填awarded。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，这并不是所有有趣的事情，事实上，所有的条目也必须是严肃的科学研究。根据语境可知，在过去的十年里，该奖探索了科学有趣的一面，但是这并不是所有有趣的事情，前后为转折关系，空后有逗号，所以要用副词however/Nevertheless，在句中作状语。故填However/Nevertheless。
【43题详解】
考查可数名词单复数。句意：然而，这并不是所有有趣的事情，事实上，所有的条目也必须是严肃的科学研究。根据空前的all可知，空处的可数名词要用复数。故填entries。
【44题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：众所周知，黑猩猩比其他动物聪明得多，但我们可能认为它们无法治愈大学生或掌握艺术。根据空后的than可知，空处要用形容词的比较级，表示黑猩猩比其他动物聪明得多。故填smarter。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：众所周知，黑猩猩比其他动物聪明得多，但我们可能认为它们无法治愈大学生或掌握艺术。空处修饰动词，所以要用副词。故填probably。
【46题详解】
考查冠词。句意：京都大学灵长类研究所的一项研究获得了今年的数学和艺术奖。根据语境可知，特指今年的数学和艺术奖获奖者，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员利用黑猩猩阿布和一组大学生作为对照组，惊奇地发现阿布能够比学生更快、更准确地记住随机数。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作状语，和逻辑主语the researchers 之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填Using。
【48题详解】
考查时态。句意：研究人员利用黑猩猩阿布和一组大学生作为对照组，惊奇地发现阿布能够比学生更快、更准确地记住随机数。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子是对过去事实的描述，所以用一般过去时态。故填found。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，一些黑猩猩的艺术技能证明了它们将真实的三维世界与纸上的二维世界联系起来的能力，反映了大脑的巨大跳跃。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作定语，ability to do sth.“有能力做某事”，所以用动词不定式作ability的定语。故填to connect。
【50题详解】
考查介词或连词。句意：此外，一些黑猩猩的艺术技能证明了它们将真实的三维世界与纸上的二维世界联系起来的能力，反映了大脑的巨大跳跃。connect sth. with/and sth. “把...和...联系起来”。故填with/and。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（˄），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（/）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
To enrich students school life and help us learn more about space exploration, our school organized a visit to the City Museum on the other day.
At the beginning, some pictures and videos about space exploration were shown to them. By watching them, we learned a lot about many great achievement that had been made in our country. The astronauts’ devotion to the space exploration of our country leaves a deep impression on us. Afterwards, we experienced a life and work of astronauts, like how they do in our space station. All the teachers and students were very excited, try and touching everything.
Such a great success the activity that it was highly spoken of. Hopeful, there will be even more activities like this.
【答案】1. students→students’
2.删除on
3.them→us
4.achievement→achievements
5.leaves→left
6.a→the
7.how→what
8.try→trying
9.success后添加was
10.Hopeful→Hopefully
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学校一次参观城市博物馆的活动。
【详解】1.考查名词所有格。句意：为了丰富学生的校园生活，帮助我们更多地了解太空探索，我们学校前几天组织了一次参观城市博物馆的活动。此处students与school life为所属关系，应用名词所有格。故students改为students’。
2.考查固定短语。句意：为了丰富学生的校园生活，帮助我们更多地了解太空探索，我们学校前几天组织了一次参观城市博物馆的活动。结合句意表示“前几天”短语为the other day，前面不需要介词。故删除on。
3.考查代词。句意：一开始，我们看到了一些关于太空探索的图片和视频。此处指“我们看到”应用代词us。故them改为us。
4.考查名词复数。句意：通过观看他们，我们了解了我们国家许多伟大的成就。achievement为可数名词，由many修饰，应用复数形式。故achievement改为achievements。
5.考查动词时态。句意：宇航员对我国太空探索的奉献给我们留下了深刻的印象。句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故leaves改为left。
6.考查冠词。句意：之后，我们体验了宇航员的生活和工作，比如他们在我们的空间站做什么。此处特指宇航员的生活和工作，应用定冠词。故a改为the。
7.考查宾语从句。句意：之后，我们体验了宇航员的生活和工作，比如他们在我们的空间站做什么。此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事情，应用what。故how改为what。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：所有的老师和学生都很兴奋，尝试和触摸一切。try在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语All the teachers and students构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故try改为trying。
9.考查动词时态。句意：活动取得了巨大的成功，受到了高度评价。此处主句缺少谓语，表示“巨大成功”短语为be a great success，主语为the activity，时态为一般过去时。故success后添加was。
10.考查副词。句意：希望今后还会有更多这样的活动。修饰后文整个句子，应用副词hopefully。故Hopeful改为Hopefully。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，你的朋友Mark计划暑假回国，打算给他妈妈送一份具有中国文化特色的礼物。请你给他发一封邮件，向他推荐礼物，内容包括：
1. 推荐的礼物；
2. 推荐的原因；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mark,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Huh
【答案】Dear Mark,
I’m glad to hear that you want to buy some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture. I’m writing to give you some advice.
Personally, I think the following two things are a good choice: Qipao and the Chinese knots. Qipao, which is regarded as the symbol of traditional dress for Chinese women, can show the real beauty of a woman. I am convinced that your mother will look elegant in it and like it very much. Besides, I strongly recommend that you buy the Chinese knots, which are usually hung in the sitting room or cars to represent good luck.
If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask. Please give my best regards to your family and wish you a pleasant vacation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友Mark写一封信，向他推荐一份适合送给他妈妈的、具有中国文化特色的礼物。
【详解】1.词汇积累
礼物：gift→present
建议：advice→suggestion
相信：be convinced→be sure
犹豫：hesitate→hang back
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：Personally, I think the following two things are a good choice: Qipao and the Chinese knots.
拓展句：In my opinion, I think Qipao and the Chinese knots are a good choice.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
I’m glad to hear that you want to buy some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture.(运用了that引导的宾语从句，从句中运用了that引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】
If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
听力答案：1-5 A C B B C 6-10 C A C B C 11-15 B A B A A 16-20 B A B C A