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2023届河北省衡水中学高三上学期四调考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份2023届河北省衡水中学高三上学期四调考试英语试题含解析，共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
河北省衡水中学2023届上学期高三年级四调考试
英语
第一部分 考试听力
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which door does the woman want to make wider?
A. The one to the outside.
B. The one to the dining room.
C. The one to the family room.
2. Who might Christine be?
A. Max’s teacher. B. Max’s sister. C. Max’s mom.
3. What does the woman think about the scenery?
A. Dull. B. Exciting. C. Changeable.
4. Where was the sound coming from?
A. A phone. B. A TV. C. A computer.
5. What does the woman say about the new dress?
A. Its color is not her favorite.
B. It goes well with her handbag.
C. It’s a bit wide around the waist.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why did the man buy Coca-Cola?
A. For drinking. B. For watering plants. C. For cleaning metal.
7. How will the man clean the dishes?
A. With mustard. B. With water only. C. With some orange stuff.
听第 7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. An event they are attending.
B. Things they bought yesterday.
C. The movie they will watch tonight.
9. How will the woman get to Laura’s house?
A. She will take a taxi.
B. She will go there by bus.
C. She will ask her mom to drive her there.
10. What will the speakers do after dinner?
A. Go to the mall. B. Go to an appointment. C. Watch a DVD.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What can we learn about the restaurant?
A. It was newly opened.
B. It had a pleasant smell.
C. It offered a reasonable price.
12. How did the woman find the service?
A. Perfect. B. Just so-so. C. Disappointing.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
13. What do the speakers decide to do at last?
A. Never come to the restaurant.
B. Come to the restaurant in a few months.
C. Order some meat when they settle down.
14. Where is the woman now?
A. At home. B. At the airport. C. In the office.
15. What time does the plane leave?
A. At 5:00 pm. B. At 6:00 pm. C. At 8:00 pm.
16. Why is the man flying to Paris?
A. To visit his grandpa.
B. To do some business.
C. To celebrate the woman’s birthday.
17. What is the woman mainly worried about?
A. How she will ask for leave.
B. Who will take care of their son.
C. When she will meet the Swifts.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What was the theme of last year’s competition?
A. My bedroom. B. My favorite animal. C. My hometown.
19. What is the maximum age limit to enter?
A. 15 years old. B. 17 years old. C. 18 years old.
20. What can the winners get this year?
A. Membership in the club.
B. A family trip to London Zoo.
C. Free Countryside Magazine.
第二部分 阅读理解
Monthly subscription educational boxes for students can be a great way to develop an interest in a particular subject. If you want to learn something at home while having fun, you can have educational boxes delivered monthly straight to your house.
Spangler Boxes
The Spangler boxes feature a range of hands-on scientific experiments designed by Steve Spangler, who previously hosted a popular science education program on News for Kids. Projects focus on STEM-science, technology, engineering, and math. Examples of projects include exploring lava (岩浆) science, the sound waves, and physical laws.
Finders Seekers Boxes
After receiving a Finders Seekers box, you'll explore characters of a new city and culture every month while solving puzzles. Think of Finders Seekers as an escape room challenge that takes place in your living room. Clues and online research tools are available to help in case you get stuck solving the mystery. Each puzzle takes approximately two to four hours to complete.
Creation Boxes
Creation teaches students electronics, digital tips and high-level problem- solving. Each box teaches a lesson and is progressively more challenging. A sampling of the projects includes a mood lamp, an electronic memory game, and a distance detector using an ultrasonic sensor (超声传感器).
Kiwi Doodle Boxes
Kiwi Doodle Boxes are among the most popular boxes on the market. They feature a variety of themes customized to students aged from 8 to 18. Doodle focuses on art and design with projects such as a felt botanic garden, an artificial leather sample set, and handmade soap. Doodle projects introduce students to new crafting materials and techniques and all craft supplies are included in the box.
1. What did Steve Spangler use to be?
A. A scientist. B. An educator.
C. A TV host. D. An engineer.
2. Which of the following is included in Finders Seekers Boxes?
A. Features of cities. B. Online instructions.
C. Historical mysteries. D. Escape room challenges.
3. If you are interested in handicraft art, which box would you subscribe?
A. Creation Boxes. B. Spangler Science Boxes.
C. Finders Seekers Boxes. D. Kiwi Doodle Boxes.
A famous springboard driver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship, offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.
It is common in the athletic world. Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions. When it becomes evident that they are on the decline they still make great efforts to give their best so as to bring a satisfactory end to their career.
Chances to compete for the championship are few and far between. Life is short. Still shorter is the time for an athlete trying to win games. An athletic contestant really feels that there are so few opportunities and time flies. He treasures every minute, makes full use of it and tries to grasp any chance coming his way. He gets as much as he gives, winning honors not only for himself but also for his country.
To participate and to win — that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong, and the strong searching forever better performance. Ever better — the ideal always makes a sportsman forward. He will do everything he can for it, never relax, never give up. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated — even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger. This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. However, he is always trying to do the best he can. When the time comes and he knows he can’t, he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner, aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his best for the “ever better” records of the Olympic Games. He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.
4. What is the function of the first paragraph?
A. To explain a phenomenon.
B. To describe a competition.
C. To lead in the topic of this passage.
D. To express worries about sportsmen.
5. According to the passage, what kind of ideal pushes an athlete forward?
A. He wants to win people’s respect.
B. He wants to win honor for his nation.
C. He wants to make greater achievements than ever.
D. He wants to earn more and more money and fame.
6. What can be learnt from the rule of sports?
A. Whatever difficulties you have met, never give up.
B. Even the strongest athlete will be defeated one day.
C. You can’t live in the sports field without any effort or progress.
D. You are the winner if you are brave enough to challenge the strong.
7. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Sportsmen’s spirit. B. Sportsmen’s life.
C. Sportsmen’s honor. D. Sportsmen’s pride.
“A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media, people are asking ‘can humans overcome this?’, or ‘what technology can solve this?’. It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to various changes. We know some animals change their skin colors to escape from natural enemies or due to environment pollution,” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting (变形).”
Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%—10% increase in beak (鸟喙) size since 1871, and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews (鼩鼱).
“The increases in some body parts size we see so far are quite small—less than 10%—so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, some body parts such as ears are predicted to increase.”
Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds firsthand by 3D scanning museum bird specimens from the past 100 years. It will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing their body parts and why. “Shapeshifting does not mean that animals are coping with climate change and that all is ‘fine’,” says Ryding. “It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving.”
8. What may cause animals’ shapeshifting according to Ryding?
A. Human hunting. B. Climate change.
C. Natural enemies. D. Polluted surroundings.
9. What method does the author mainly use to develop paragraph 2?
A. Giving examples. B. Cause-effect analysis.
C. Making comparison. D. Process analysis.
10. What can we know from Ryding’s words in the last paragraph?
A. Animals can well adapt to changes and survive.
B. Influence of animals’ shapeshifting is uncertain.
C. Rdying will research into bird museums in Australia.
D. All adaptations of animals to climate change are beneficial.
11. In which section of a newspaper can we find the text?
A. Technology. B. Health care. C. Environment. D. Education.
For thousands of years, Chinese writers have travelled all over the country to take down notes about the geographical conditions of each city. Among them, well-known Chinese geographer and writer Li Daoyuan, in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534), composed his book, Commentary on the Water Classics, after studying the original literary version, Water Classics. He later expanded the river records to 1, 252 from the original 137.
The book is now being studied again by Professor Li Xiaojie and his team from Fudan University. They have been using drawing software and 3D modelling to recreate the waterway situations on a map based on the book description. So far, they have completed research on four rivers.
“Ancient people knew really well how to apply the power of nature to technical considerations,” Li said, giving the example of Qianjin’e, one of the most famous ancient water conservation projects in Luoyang, Henan. In order to lead the river into the city for irrigation (灌溉) in ancient Luoyang, the officials built a canal branch by separating a northwest-southeast river. However, the canal water wasn't enough to support the citizens in dry seasons. To solve that, on the northern side of the canal branch, the officials built a reservoir (水库) and a channel to lead the water to the canal branch, where the waterways would converge and flow together to the city.
In Commentary on the Water Classics, a total of 2, 800 cities are recorded with details. Still, the process of recreation takes much effort. After doing a lot of text analysis and fieldwork, the team has gradually created the model with 3D modelling software based on repeated deductions (推论).
For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference.
12. What can we learn about the book Commentary on the Water Classics?
A. It has been out of date. B. It explains 3D modelling.
C. It keeps records of 137 rivers. D. It is based on previous studies.
13. What does the underlined word “converge” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Join. B. Pass. C. Cross. D. Begin.
14. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about model recreation?
A. Its major problems. B. Its detailed analysis.
C. Its complex process. D. Its successful application.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. 3D Technology Fuels Modern Research
B. Ancient Classics Inspire Modern Research
C. An Effective Approach to Model Recreation
D. A Famous Writer of Chinese Ancient Classics
第三部分 七选五
If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, you will see people, mostly men wearing T-shirts, sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade, playing a game with large round disks of wood. ____16____ Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess, there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a popular game in China. ____17____ And in the 20th century both Sun Yat-sen and Zhou Enlai were big fans of the game.
And, though it may look quite a bit different than Western chess, Xiangqi is actually quite similar in what the pieces can do and how the game is played. Like Western chess, the object of the game is to capture the other player’s “king”. ____18____
Unlike Western chess, instead of placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines. Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board, which the elephants cannot cross. ____19____ This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-or-death war. The war was so influential that “the Chu River and the Han Boundary” has become a metaphor(隐喻)referring to any boundary between two opposing armies. When the Chinese people today see this name on the board, the battle scenes come to their mind, as though they are surrounded by thick smoke, able to hear the beating of war drums. ____20____
A. Actually, in Xiangqi he is just a general.
B. During the Qing Dynasty its popularity grew.
C. It is called “the Chu River and the Han Boundary”.
D. The game is called Xiangqi, a game of ordinary people.
E. There are many differences between Xiangqi and Western chess.
F. An intense battle is about to take place on this small chessboard.
G. Several sayings related to Xiangqi are in common use in China today.
第四部分 完形填空
Baby Miloszek was born with a heart defect. His condition is too ___21___ to be treated in Poland, but doctors at Stanford University Medical Center are able to take his case. ___22___, they require 80 percent of the payment up front, a sum the family simply could not ___23___. That’s when Maria Andrejczyk ___24___ in to help !
Just a week after ___25___ her first Olympic medal ever and returning from Japan, Maria posted a ___26___ on a social media platform announcing that she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.
Days later, a Polish convenience store called Zabka ___27___ the medal for $125,000, which was more than Maria had ___28___ to get. Not only that, but when her ___29___ broke, more people began donating to the fundraiser. Finally, they pulled in more than enough cash to ____30____ Miloszek’s trip to America! And the ____31____ doesn’t end there. Zabka announced that they would let Maria keep her ____32____ after all!
“We were very touched by the extremely ____33____ gesture of our Olympian, so we decided to support the ____34____ for Miloszek,” the company wrote. “We decided that the silver medal from Tokyo will stay with Maria! We are glad that we were able to ____35____.”
21. A. particular B. optimistic C. serious D. common
22. A. Undoubtedly B. Unfortunately C. Additionally D. Absolutely
23. A. expect B. permit C. ensure D. afford
24. A. crowded B. turned C. brought D. stepped
25. A. earning B. declaring C. battling D. defeating
26. A. parcel B. message C. card D. list
27. A. sold B. returned C. purchased D. saved
28. A. expected B. needed C. accepted D. commanded
29. A. health B. dream C. heart D. story
30. A. transport B. provide C. cover D. cost
31. A. kindness B. news C. sympathy D. gratitude
32. A. secret B. reputation C. money D. medal
33. A. flexible B. noble C. gentle D. awkward
34. A. recovery B. request C. fundraiser D. award
35. A. contribute B. present C. fight D. change
第五部分 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anyone who has an interest in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. The Chinese archaeologist ___36___ has spent more than half a century researching and preserving the caves at the heart of the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province ___37___(know) as the "Daughter of Dunhuang" in her field, though "protector" is probably a more fitting ___38___(describe).
Fan has been studying the historical site since the early 1960s, first as an archaeology undergraduate from Peking University, then as a conservationist when she ___39___(become) the deputy director of the Dunhuang Research Academy in 1984, which serves to prevent the ancient site ___40___ being destroyed.
"It is over a thousand years old. It is an old person, an ___41___(extreme) weak old person. It has ___42___(variety) illnesses. If you are a little careless, it could be gone. Gone forever," Fan says.
Today, thanks to the work of great ___43___(archaeologist) such as Fan, Dunhuang is proud of the world’s largest and best-preserved collection of Buddhist relics ___44___(date) from the 15th to the 13th centuries. The main Mogao site is made up of 735 caves spread across a 1,700-metre-wide cliff face, containing 45,000 square metres of murals(壁画) ____45____ more than 2,000 colourful sculptures.
第六部分 书面表达
46. 你校英语俱乐部将举办英语演讲比赛，请以Family Education Shapes Me 为主题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．良好的家庭教育方式；
2．成长的启示。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good morning, boys and girls,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第七部分 读后续写
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的文章。
On the first day of school, I stared in awe at the huge buildings. This high school was definitely bigger than the one I had previously attended.
This was my second year of high school, but my first year of school in St. Louis. I had decided the night before that I would be much happier in a new school if I made friends that were so-called “popular”. Getting in with the right group of people would make my life a whole lot better. I even bought a new outfit and had my hair styled just so the first day would be perfect.
Scared, yet anxious to begin my new life, I walked up the stairs to the front door. The halls were packed with kids yelling and laughing and telling stories of their summer adventures. My first class was geometry, but where was that?
I was standing in the hall looking confused, when a short, blond girl wearing glasses came up and asked, “Are you new? You look lost. Do you need help? My name is Diane. What’s yours?” Even though she seemed a bit strange, definitely not the kind of person I wanted to be associated with, I decided to answer her anyway. I was, after all, lost.
After exchanging names. I followed her up the stairs and down a hallway on the right, making polite conversation the whole way. When we reached my room she said, “Well, here you are. Welcome to JFK, and I hope your day goes all right.”
I said thanks and waved good-bye. Once inside the classroom, I saw one big group of people huddled around someone who seemed to be telling some sort of story. I walked over and got close enough to overhear. All eyes were glued to the guy in the middle of the circle who was wearing a letter jacket covered with patches. I decided that this guy was popular, so I managed to get a seat right next to him. I said, “Hi, my name is Lisa and I’m new here.” He said, “Johnny.”
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置答题。
At the end of the class, I turned to him and asked, “I’m not sure where my next class is, could you help me?”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Just at that time, someone came up and tapped me on the shoulder.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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【答案】1-5 CBAAB 6-10 CAABC 11-15 ACBAC 16-20 CBBCB
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍四种“教育盒子”。
1. 细节理解题。根据Spangler Boxes部分的“Steve Spangler, who previously hosted a popular science education program(史蒂夫·斯潘格勒曾主持过一个科普教育节目)”可知，Steve Spangler过去是一个电视节目主持人。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据Finders Seekers Boxes部分的“After receiving a Finders Seekers box, you'll explore characters of a new city and culture every month while solving puzzles.(在收到“Finders Seekers”盒子后，每个月可以一边解开谜题，一边探索新城市的人物和文化。)”可知，Finders Seekers Boxes包括了城市的特点，故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据Kiwi Doodle Boxes部分的“Doodle focuses on art and design with projects such as a felt botanic garden, an artificial leather sample set, and handmade soap.(Doodle专注于艺术和项目设计，如毛毡植物园、人造皮革样品集和手工肥皂)”可知，如果你对手工艺术感兴趣，你会订阅Kiwi Doodle Boxes，故选D。
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是运动员在职业生涯中不懈追求的精神。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“A famous springboard driver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship, offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.(一位著名的跳板选手在世界锦标赛的决赛中被对手击败，他向获胜者表示祝贺，并含泪向观众挥手告别。)”和第二段的“It is common in the athletic world. Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.(这在体育界很常见。运动员把生命中最美好的时光花在艰苦的训练和比赛上。)”可知，第一段的作用是引出这篇文章的主题。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.(做到更好——这个理想总是使运动员前进。)”可知，推动运动员前进的理想是他想取得比以往更大的成就。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated — even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger. This is the rule of sports — thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.(据说，没有一个竞争者能够避免被打败，即使是最好的也一定会被更强的人打败。这就是体育运动的规律——成千上万的失败者造就了一个胜利者，而这个胜利者最终会被荣誉名单上的某个人所取代。)”可知，我们可以从体育运动的规律中了解到即使是最强的运动员也有被打败的一天。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“To participate and to win — that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong, and the strong searching forever better performance.(参与并取胜——这就是奥林匹克精神。它表现在弱者敢于挑战强者，而强者永远寻找更好的表现。)”可知，本文主要讲的是运动员精神，故选A。
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些动物为了适应气候等环境变化，发生身体某些部位的变形。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting.(我们造成的气候变化给它们带来了很大的压力，一些物种试图通过变形来适应)”可知，动物变形是为了适应气候变化，即气候变化可能导致了动物的变形。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%—10% increase in beak size since 1871, and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments.(几种澳大利亚鹦鹉已经展示出，自1871年以来，鸟喙尺寸平均增加了4%-10%，这与每年的夏季温度呈正相关。北美黑眼灯心草是一种小型鸣禽，喙的增大与寒冷环境中的短期极端温度有关)”以及“Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews.(研究人员报告说，木老鼠的尾巴长度增加，鼩鼱的腿尺寸增加)”可知，本段通过举例子的方式进行说明。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving.(这只是意味着它们正在适应生存，但我们不确定这些变化的其他生态后果是什么，或者说所有物种都有能力改变和生存)”可知，动物变形会带来怎样的影响，现在尚未可知。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media, people are asking ‘can humans overcome this?’, or ‘what technology can solve this?’.(很多时候，当主流媒体讨论气候变化时，人们都在问‘人类能克服这个问题吗？’或者‘什么技术可以解决这个问题？’)”、“The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting.(我们造成的气候变化给它们带来了很大的压力，一些物种试图通过变形来适应)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一些动物为了适应气候等环境变化，发生身体某些部位的变形，推测文章可能出自报纸的环境部分。故选C项。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了复旦大学李晓杰教授及其团队根据古代著作《水经注》的描述，使用绘图软件和3D建模重现了水道情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Among them, well-known Chinese geographer and writer Li Daoyuan, in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534), composed his book, Commentary on the Water Classics, after studying the original literary version, Water Classics.(其中，中国著名地理学家、作家郦道元在北魏（386-534）对《水经》原著进行研究后，撰写了《水经注》一书)”可知，《水经注》是基于对之前《水经》一书的研究。故选D项。
2. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前“To solve that, on the northern side of the canal branch, the officials built a reservoir (水库) and a channel to lead the water to the canal branch(为了解决这个问题，官员们在运河支流的北侧建了一个水库和一个渠道，把水引到运河支流)”及划线词后“flow together to the city(一起流向城市)”可知，此处指水在支流汇合然后一起流入城市，converge意为“汇合”。故选A项。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Still, the process of recreation takes much effort. After doing a lot of text analysis and fieldwork, the team has gradually created the model with 3D modelling software based on repeated deductions(推论).(然而，娱乐的过程需要很多努力。经过大量的文本分析和实地调查，团队在反复推演的基础上，用3D建模软件逐步建立模型)”可知，本段主要讲述重建模型的复杂过程。故选C项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“They have been using drawing software and 3D modelling to recreate the waterway situations on a map based on the book description.(他们一直在使用绘图软件和3D建模，在地图上根据书中的描述重现水道情况)”可知，文章主要讲述复旦大学李晓杰教授及其团队根据《水经注》的描述，使用绘图软件和3D建模重现了水道情况。故B项“古代经典启发现代研究”适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的象棋。
1. 上文“If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, you will see people, mostly men wearing T-shirts, sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade, playing a game with large round disks of wood.”（如果你在夏天去中国的任何一个城市旅行，你会看到人们，大多数是穿着 T 恤的男人，坐在人行道上的阴凉处的矮椅子上，用大圆盘木头玩游戏）描述了下象棋的景象，下文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period.”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国）介绍象棋可以追溯到战国时代，所以空处应该指出这个游戏是象棋，D项“这个游戏叫象棋，一个普通人的游戏”符合逻辑关系。故选D。
2. 根据上文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess, there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a popular game in China.”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国。虽然专家们对象棋的创造者以及它与西洋象棋的联系有不同的看法，但毫无疑问，到了唐代，象棋在中国已经成为一种流行的游戏）介绍象棋在中国历史悠久，很受欢迎。这里是按时间顺序：战国时期—唐朝，所以空处应该按照时间讲唐朝之后的一个时期，象棋的发展情形。B项“在清朝时期，它的知名度增加了”符合时间逻辑关系。故选B。
3. 空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Like Western chess, the object of the game is to capture the other player’s “king”.”（和西洋象棋一样，这个游戏的目的是捕捉对手的“国王”）推知，空处应该讲述中国象棋中的“王”，A项“其实在象棋里他只是个将军。”符合题意。故选A。
4. 上文“Unlike Western chess, instead of placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines. Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board, which the elephants cannot cross.”（与西方国际象棋不同，棋子不是放在正方形中，而是放在直线的交叉点上。象棋和西洋象棋的另一大区别是棋盘中间有一大块空白，象无法通过）提到中国象棋中有个空间是象不能越过的；下文“This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-or-death war. ”（这个空间指的是中国的一个地区，刘邦和项羽在那里进行了一场生死战）提到这个空间就是刘邦和项羽打生死战的地方，所以空处应是对这个空间进行定义，C项“它被称为“楚河汉界””符合逻辑。故选C。
5. 根据上文“The war was so influential that “the Chu River and the Han Boundary” has become a metaphor(隐喻)referring to any boundary between two opposing armies. When the Chinese people today see this name on the board, the battle scenes come to their mind, as though they are surrounded by thick smoke, able to hear the beating of war drums.”（这场战争的影响是如此之大，以至于“楚汉边界”已经成为一个隐喻，指的是两个敌对军队之间的任何边界。当今天的中国人看到这个名字在黑板上，战斗的画面浮现在他们的脑海中，仿佛被浓烟包围，能够听到战鼓的敲击声）提到楚河汉界是一种隐喻，因此下象棋时棋盘也是个战场，人们看到这个名字就好像沉浸在硝烟四起、战鼓喧天的战争场面。F项“一场激烈的战斗即将在这个小棋盘上进行”符合逻辑。故选F。
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在东京奥运会上获得银牌的波兰运动员Maria Andrejczyk在社交平台上发帖子，计划卖掉自己的银牌，众筹救助患心脏病的儿童Miloszek的故事。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的病情非常严重，无法在波兰治疗，但斯坦福大学医疗中心的医生能够接受他的病例。 A. particular特别的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. serious严重的；D. common常见的。根据“but doctors at Stanford University Medical Center are able to take his case.”可知，Miloszek的病情太严重了，在波兰无法得到治疗。故选C。
2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他们要求预付80%的房款，这个家庭根本负担不起这笔钱。A. Undoubtedly无疑地；B. Unfortunately不幸地；C. Additionally另外；D. Absolutely完全地。根据“a sum the family simply could not ___3___.”可知，不幸的是，他们需要预付80%的费用，而这个家庭根本负担不起这笔巨额的医疗费。故选B。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他们要求预付80%的房款，这个家庭根本负担不起这笔钱。A. expect期望；B. permit允许；C. ensure保证；D. afford付得起。根据“___2___, they require 80 percent of the payment up front,”可知，Miloszek家里负担不起巨额医疗费。故选D。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时玛丽亚·安德烈齐克来帮忙了! A. crowded拥挤；B. turned变为；C. brought带来；D. stepped踏。step in介入。根据“she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，Maria介入进来帮助Miloszek。故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在从日本获得她的第一枚奥运会奖牌并返回一周后，Maria在社交媒体平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖自己的银牌，为Miloszek的手术筹集资金。A. earning获得；B. declaring宣布；C. battling与……作战；D. defeating打败。根据“she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，Maria在东京奥运会上获得了她的首枚奥运奖牌。故选A。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在从日本获得她的第一枚奥运会奖牌并返回一周后，Maria在社交媒体平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖自己的银牌，为米沃谢克的手术筹集资金。A. parcel包裹；B. message信息；C. card卡片；D. list目录。根据“on a social media platform announcing that she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，在获得奖牌回国一周后，Maria在社交平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖她的奥运会银牌为Miloszek的手术筹集资金。故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格买下了这枚奖牌，这比Maria预期的要多。 A. sold卖；B. returned返回；C. purchased购买；D. saved保存。根据“Zabka announced that they would let Maria keep her ___12___ after all!”可知，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格购买了这枚奖牌。故选C。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格买下了这枚奖牌，这比Maria预期的要多。A. expected期望；B. needed需要；C. accepted接受；D. commanded命令。根据“Days later, a Polish convenience store called Zabka ___7___ the medal for $125,000,”可知，这超出了Maria的期望。故选A。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，当她的故事曝光后，越来越多的人开始向筹款活动捐款。A. health健康；B. dream梦想；C. heart心脏；D. story故事。根据“Not only that,”可知，本句承接上文，表示不仅如此，当她的故事曝光后，更多的人开始捐款。故选D。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他们筹到了足够Miloszek去美国旅行的钱! A. transport运输；B. provide提供；C. cover覆盖；足以支付；D. cost花费。根据“Not only that, but when her ___9___ broke, more people began donating to the fundraiser.”可知，最后，他们筹到了足够支付Miloszek美国之行的钱!故选C。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：善意还不止于此。A. kindness善良；B. news消息；C. sympathy同情；D. gratitude感激。根据“Finally, they pulled in more than enough cash to ___10___ Miloszek’s trip to America!”可知，人们的善意并没有因为帮Miloszek筹到了去美国治病的费用而停止。故选A。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Zabka宣布他们最终还是会让Maria保留她的奖牌! A. secret秘密；B. reputation名声；C. money金钱；D. medal奖牌。根据“We decided that the silver medal from Tokyo will stay with Maria!”可知，Zabka宣布他们会让Maria保留她的奖牌!故选D。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该公司写道：“我们被这位奥运选手极其高尚的姿态所感动，所以我们决定支持Miloszek的筹款活动。”A. flexible灵活的；B. noble高尚的；C. gentle温和的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据上下文可知，根据“We were very touched”可知，Zabka被这位奥运选手极其高尚的行为所感动。故选B。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司写道：“我们被这位奥运选手极其高尚的姿态所感动，所以我们决定支持Miloszek的筹款活动。”A. recovery恢复；B. request请求；C. fundraiser资金筹集人；D. award奖品。根据“We were very touched by the extremely ___13___ gesture of our Olympian,”可知，Zabka被Maria Andrejczyk 高尚的行为所感动，因此决定支持Miloszek的筹款。故选C。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很高兴能够做出贡献。A. contribute作贡献；B. present呈现；C. fight打架；D. change改变。根据“We are glad”可知，Zabka很高兴能够为此作出贡献。故选A。
【答案】36. who##that
37. is known
38. description
39. became 40. from
41. extremely
42. various
43. archaeologists
44. dating 45. and
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“敦煌的女儿”樊锦诗为保护敦煌文物作出的巨大贡献。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词archaeologist，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
2. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。句子的主语The Chinese archaeologist是单数，和know之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is known。
3. 考查名词。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。设空处被不定冠词a 修饰，应使用名词的单数形式。故填description。
4. 考查时态。句意：樊锦诗从20世纪60年代初开始研究这一历史遗址，最初是北京大学考古专业的本科生，1984年成为敦煌研究院副院长，作为一名自然保护主义者，该研究院旨在防止这一古老遗址被破坏。根据下文中的in 1984可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应使用一般过去时。故填became。
5. 考查介词。句意：樊锦诗从20世纪60年代初开始研究这一历史遗址，最初是北京大学考古专业的本科生，1984年成为敦煌研究院副院长，作为一名自然保护主义者，该研究院旨在防止这一古老遗址被破坏。prevent sth. from doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“防止某事物发生某种情况”。故填from。
6. 考查副词。句意：这是一个老人，一个极其虚弱的老人。设空处作状语，修饰形容词weak，应使用副词。故填extremely。
7. 考查形容词。句意：它有各种各样的疾病。设空处作定语，修饰名词illnesses，应使用形容词，故填various。
8. 考查名词的数。句意：今天，多亏了樊锦诗等伟大考古学家的工作，敦煌拥有世界上最大、保存最完好的15世纪至13世纪的佛教文物。archaeologist意为“考古学家”，是可数名词，且此处表泛指，应使用复数形式。故填archaeologists。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，多亏了樊锦诗等伟大考古学家的工作，敦煌拥有世界上最大、保存最完好的15世纪至13世纪的佛教文物。此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰collection of Buddhist relics，且collection of Buddhist relics与date为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填dating。
10. 考查连词。句意：莫高窟主址由735个洞窟组成，分布在1700米宽的悬崖上，包含4.5万平方米的壁画和2000多件彩色雕塑。45,000 square metres of murals(壁画)与more than 2,000 colourful sculptures为并列关系，指出敦煌古迹数量之大。故填and。
【答案】Good morning, boys and girls,
The topic of my speech today is Family Education Shapes Me. Family education has always deeply influenced me. It has benefited me a lot.
Remember once, my teacher gave me a prize when I got full marks in an exam. But when I got home, my mother found a mistake on the paper and asked me to explain the situation to the teacher. I did what Mom said. The teacher asked me to keep the prize as a reward for my honesty. Although I lost full marks, I gained the most beautiful qualities. My honest family upbringing has served me well all my life and has cleared away many obstacles in my life. Thank you for your listening!
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以Family Education Shapes Me为主题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括良好的家庭教育方式和成长的启示。
【详解】1.词汇积累
影响：influence→ affect
赢得：gain→ win
得到满分：get full marks→ get full score
记住：remember→ keep in mind
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Family education has always deeply influenced me. It has benefited me a lot.
拓展句：Family education has always deeply influenced me, which has benefited me a lot.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I did what Mom said.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Although I lost full marks, I gained the most beautiful qualities.（运用了although引导的让步状语从句）
【答案】One Possible Version:
At the end of the class, I turned to him and asked, “I’m not sure where my next class is, could you help me?” With a frown, he looked at me and then said a quick no, turned back to his friends, and walked out of the classroom. As they were walking out I heard him say, “Did you guys see that new girl trying to get into our group? That outfit was too strange.” They all laughed and some of them turned around and stared at me. My face hot with shame, I stood stock-still, not believing what had just happened.
Just at that time, someone came up and tapped me on the shoulder. It was Diane. Like a ray of sunshine, the big smile on her face swept away my gloom. I struggled to hold my feelings back and told her what I had encountered. A gleam of concern in her eyes, she said she was sorry and offered to find my next class. At that moment I realized how wrong I was in wanting to only be friends with popular people. Maybe I shouldn’t decide whether a person is worth being my friend or not by their reputation, but by who they are.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者高中第二年是在圣路易斯的第一年，作者在学校认识了Diane，Diane给作者指路。结果作者因为穿着被班上的同学嘲笑，Diane也对作者表示了关心，作者也感悟到不应该只和受欢迎的人交朋友。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“下课的时候，我转向他问：‘我不知道下节课在哪里，你能帮我吗？’”可知，第一段可描写对方的反应以及作者被嘲笑的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“就在那时，有人走过来拍了拍我的肩膀”可知，第二段可描写Diane帮助作者以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：询问——拒绝——嘲笑——帮助——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①走出：walk out of/step out of
②融入：get into/fit into
③抑制：hold back/restrain
情绪类
①奇怪的：strange /odd
②担心：concern /worry
【点睛】[高分句型1] My face hot with shame, I stood stock-still, not believing what had just happened.(运用了what引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Maybe I shouldn’t decide whether a person is worth being my friend or not by their reputation, but by who they are. (运用了whether引导宾语从句)
河北省衡水中学2023届上学期高三年级四调考试
英语
第一部分 考试听力
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which door does the woman want to make wider?
A. The one to the outside.
B. The one to the dining room.
C. The one to the family room.
2. Who might Christine be?
A. Max’s teacher. B. Max’s sister. C. Max’s mom.
3. What does the woman think about the scenery?
A. Dull. B. Exciting. C. Changeable.
4. Where was the sound coming from?
A. A phone. B. A TV. C. A computer.
5. What does the woman say about the new dress?
A. Its color is not her favorite.
B. It goes well with her handbag.
C. It’s a bit wide around the waist.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why did the man buy Coca-Cola?
A. For drinking. B. For watering plants. C. For cleaning metal.
7. How will the man clean the dishes?
A. With mustard. B. With water only. C. With some orange stuff.
听第 7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. An event they are attending.
B. Things they bought yesterday.
C. The movie they will watch tonight.
9. How will the woman get to Laura’s house?
A. She will take a taxi.
B. She will go there by bus.
C. She will ask her mom to drive her there.
10. What will the speakers do after dinner?
A. Go to the mall. B. Go to an appointment. C. Watch a DVD.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What can we learn about the restaurant?
A. It was newly opened.
B. It had a pleasant smell.
C. It offered a reasonable price.
12. How did the woman find the service?
A. Perfect. B. Just so-so. C. Disappointing.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
13. What do the speakers decide to do at last?
A. Never come to the restaurant.
B. Come to the restaurant in a few months.
C. Order some meat when they settle down.
14. Where is the woman now?
A. At home. B. At the airport. C. In the office.
15. What time does the plane leave?
A. At 5:00 pm. B. At 6:00 pm. C. At 8:00 pm.
16. Why is the man flying to Paris?
A. To visit his grandpa.
B. To do some business.
C. To celebrate the woman’s birthday.
17. What is the woman mainly worried about?
A. How she will ask for leave.
B. Who will take care of their son.
C. When she will meet the Swifts.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What was the theme of last year’s competition?
A. My bedroom. B. My favorite animal. C. My hometown.
19. What is the maximum age limit to enter?
A. 15 years old. B. 17 years old. C. 18 years old.
20. What can the winners get this year?
A. Membership in the club.
B. A family trip to London Zoo.
C. Free Countryside Magazine.
第二部分 阅读理解
Monthly subscription educational boxes for students can be a great way to develop an interest in a particular subject. If you want to learn something at home while having fun, you can have educational boxes delivered monthly straight to your house.
Spangler Boxes
The Spangler boxes feature a range of hands-on scientific experiments designed by Steve Spangler, who previously hosted a popular science education program on News for Kids. Projects focus on STEM-science, technology, engineering, and math. Examples of projects include exploring lava (岩浆) science, the sound waves, and physical laws.
Finders Seekers Boxes
After receiving a Finders Seekers box, you'll explore characters of a new city and culture every month while solving puzzles. Think of Finders Seekers as an escape room challenge that takes place in your living room. Clues and online research tools are available to help in case you get stuck solving the mystery. Each puzzle takes approximately two to four hours to complete.
Creation Boxes
Creation teaches students electronics, digital tips and high-level problem- solving. Each box teaches a lesson and is progressively more challenging. A sampling of the projects includes a mood lamp, an electronic memory game, and a distance detector using an ultrasonic sensor (超声传感器).
Kiwi Doodle Boxes
Kiwi Doodle Boxes are among the most popular boxes on the market. They feature a variety of themes customized to students aged from 8 to 18. Doodle focuses on art and design with projects such as a felt botanic garden, an artificial leather sample set, and handmade soap. Doodle projects introduce students to new crafting materials and techniques and all craft supplies are included in the box.
1. What did Steve Spangler use to be?
A. A scientist. B. An educator.
C. A TV host. D. An engineer.
2. Which of the following is included in Finders Seekers Boxes?
A. Features of cities. B. Online instructions.
C. Historical mysteries. D. Escape room challenges.
3. If you are interested in handicraft art, which box would you subscribe?
A. Creation Boxes. B. Spangler Science Boxes.
C. Finders Seekers Boxes. D. Kiwi Doodle Boxes.
A famous springboard driver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship, offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.
It is common in the athletic world. Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions. When it becomes evident that they are on the decline they still make great efforts to give their best so as to bring a satisfactory end to their career.
Chances to compete for the championship are few and far between. Life is short. Still shorter is the time for an athlete trying to win games. An athletic contestant really feels that there are so few opportunities and time flies. He treasures every minute, makes full use of it and tries to grasp any chance coming his way. He gets as much as he gives, winning honors not only for himself but also for his country.
To participate and to win — that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong, and the strong searching forever better performance. Ever better — the ideal always makes a sportsman forward. He will do everything he can for it, never relax, never give up. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated — even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger. This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. However, he is always trying to do the best he can. When the time comes and he knows he can’t, he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner, aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his best for the “ever better” records of the Olympic Games. He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.
4. What is the function of the first paragraph?
A. To explain a phenomenon.
B. To describe a competition.
C. To lead in the topic of this passage.
D. To express worries about sportsmen.
5. According to the passage, what kind of ideal pushes an athlete forward?
A. He wants to win people’s respect.
B. He wants to win honor for his nation.
C. He wants to make greater achievements than ever.
D. He wants to earn more and more money and fame.
6. What can be learnt from the rule of sports?
A. Whatever difficulties you have met, never give up.
B. Even the strongest athlete will be defeated one day.
C. You can’t live in the sports field without any effort or progress.
D. You are the winner if you are brave enough to challenge the strong.
7. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Sportsmen’s spirit. B. Sportsmen’s life.
C. Sportsmen’s honor. D. Sportsmen’s pride.
“A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media, people are asking ‘can humans overcome this?’, or ‘what technology can solve this?’. It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to various changes. We know some animals change their skin colors to escape from natural enemies or due to environment pollution,” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting (变形).”
Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%—10% increase in beak (鸟喙) size since 1871, and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews (鼩鼱).
“The increases in some body parts size we see so far are quite small—less than 10%—so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, some body parts such as ears are predicted to increase.”
Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds firsthand by 3D scanning museum bird specimens from the past 100 years. It will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing their body parts and why. “Shapeshifting does not mean that animals are coping with climate change and that all is ‘fine’,” says Ryding. “It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving.”
8. What may cause animals’ shapeshifting according to Ryding?
A. Human hunting. B. Climate change.
C. Natural enemies. D. Polluted surroundings.
9. What method does the author mainly use to develop paragraph 2?
A. Giving examples. B. Cause-effect analysis.
C. Making comparison. D. Process analysis.
10. What can we know from Ryding’s words in the last paragraph?
A. Animals can well adapt to changes and survive.
B. Influence of animals’ shapeshifting is uncertain.
C. Rdying will research into bird museums in Australia.
D. All adaptations of animals to climate change are beneficial.
11. In which section of a newspaper can we find the text?
A. Technology. B. Health care. C. Environment. D. Education.
For thousands of years, Chinese writers have travelled all over the country to take down notes about the geographical conditions of each city. Among them, well-known Chinese geographer and writer Li Daoyuan, in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534), composed his book, Commentary on the Water Classics, after studying the original literary version, Water Classics. He later expanded the river records to 1, 252 from the original 137.
The book is now being studied again by Professor Li Xiaojie and his team from Fudan University. They have been using drawing software and 3D modelling to recreate the waterway situations on a map based on the book description. So far, they have completed research on four rivers.
“Ancient people knew really well how to apply the power of nature to technical considerations,” Li said, giving the example of Qianjin’e, one of the most famous ancient water conservation projects in Luoyang, Henan. In order to lead the river into the city for irrigation (灌溉) in ancient Luoyang, the officials built a canal branch by separating a northwest-southeast river. However, the canal water wasn't enough to support the citizens in dry seasons. To solve that, on the northern side of the canal branch, the officials built a reservoir (水库) and a channel to lead the water to the canal branch, where the waterways would converge and flow together to the city.
In Commentary on the Water Classics, a total of 2, 800 cities are recorded with details. Still, the process of recreation takes much effort. After doing a lot of text analysis and fieldwork, the team has gradually created the model with 3D modelling software based on repeated deductions (推论).
For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference.
12. What can we learn about the book Commentary on the Water Classics?
A. It has been out of date. B. It explains 3D modelling.
C. It keeps records of 137 rivers. D. It is based on previous studies.
13. What does the underlined word “converge” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Join. B. Pass. C. Cross. D. Begin.
14. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about model recreation?
A. Its major problems. B. Its detailed analysis.
C. Its complex process. D. Its successful application.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. 3D Technology Fuels Modern Research
B. Ancient Classics Inspire Modern Research
C. An Effective Approach to Model Recreation
D. A Famous Writer of Chinese Ancient Classics
第三部分 七选五
If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, you will see people, mostly men wearing T-shirts, sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade, playing a game with large round disks of wood. ____16____ Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess, there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a popular game in China. ____17____ And in the 20th century both Sun Yat-sen and Zhou Enlai were big fans of the game.
And, though it may look quite a bit different than Western chess, Xiangqi is actually quite similar in what the pieces can do and how the game is played. Like Western chess, the object of the game is to capture the other player’s “king”. ____18____
Unlike Western chess, instead of placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines. Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board, which the elephants cannot cross. ____19____ This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-or-death war. The war was so influential that “the Chu River and the Han Boundary” has become a metaphor(隐喻)referring to any boundary between two opposing armies. When the Chinese people today see this name on the board, the battle scenes come to their mind, as though they are surrounded by thick smoke, able to hear the beating of war drums. ____20____
A. Actually, in Xiangqi he is just a general.
B. During the Qing Dynasty its popularity grew.
C. It is called “the Chu River and the Han Boundary”.
D. The game is called Xiangqi, a game of ordinary people.
E. There are many differences between Xiangqi and Western chess.
F. An intense battle is about to take place on this small chessboard.
G. Several sayings related to Xiangqi are in common use in China today.
第四部分 完形填空
Baby Miloszek was born with a heart defect. His condition is too ___21___ to be treated in Poland, but doctors at Stanford University Medical Center are able to take his case. ___22___, they require 80 percent of the payment up front, a sum the family simply could not ___23___. That’s when Maria Andrejczyk ___24___ in to help !
Just a week after ___25___ her first Olympic medal ever and returning from Japan, Maria posted a ___26___ on a social media platform announcing that she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.
Days later, a Polish convenience store called Zabka ___27___ the medal for $125,000, which was more than Maria had ___28___ to get. Not only that, but when her ___29___ broke, more people began donating to the fundraiser. Finally, they pulled in more than enough cash to ____30____ Miloszek’s trip to America! And the ____31____ doesn’t end there. Zabka announced that they would let Maria keep her ____32____ after all!
“We were very touched by the extremely ____33____ gesture of our Olympian, so we decided to support the ____34____ for Miloszek,” the company wrote. “We decided that the silver medal from Tokyo will stay with Maria! We are glad that we were able to ____35____.”
21. A. particular B. optimistic C. serious D. common
22. A. Undoubtedly B. Unfortunately C. Additionally D. Absolutely
23. A. expect B. permit C. ensure D. afford
24. A. crowded B. turned C. brought D. stepped
25. A. earning B. declaring C. battling D. defeating
26. A. parcel B. message C. card D. list
27. A. sold B. returned C. purchased D. saved
28. A. expected B. needed C. accepted D. commanded
29. A. health B. dream C. heart D. story
30. A. transport B. provide C. cover D. cost
31. A. kindness B. news C. sympathy D. gratitude
32. A. secret B. reputation C. money D. medal
33. A. flexible B. noble C. gentle D. awkward
34. A. recovery B. request C. fundraiser D. award
35. A. contribute B. present C. fight D. change
第五部分 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anyone who has an interest in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. The Chinese archaeologist ___36___ has spent more than half a century researching and preserving the caves at the heart of the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province ___37___(know) as the "Daughter of Dunhuang" in her field, though "protector" is probably a more fitting ___38___(describe).
Fan has been studying the historical site since the early 1960s, first as an archaeology undergraduate from Peking University, then as a conservationist when she ___39___(become) the deputy director of the Dunhuang Research Academy in 1984, which serves to prevent the ancient site ___40___ being destroyed.
"It is over a thousand years old. It is an old person, an ___41___(extreme) weak old person. It has ___42___(variety) illnesses. If you are a little careless, it could be gone. Gone forever," Fan says.
Today, thanks to the work of great ___43___(archaeologist) such as Fan, Dunhuang is proud of the world’s largest and best-preserved collection of Buddhist relics ___44___(date) from the 15th to the 13th centuries. The main Mogao site is made up of 735 caves spread across a 1,700-metre-wide cliff face, containing 45,000 square metres of murals(壁画) ____45____ more than 2,000 colourful sculptures.
第六部分 书面表达
46. 你校英语俱乐部将举办英语演讲比赛，请以Family Education Shapes Me 为主题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．良好的家庭教育方式；
2．成长的启示。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good morning, boys and girls,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第七部分 读后续写
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的文章。
On the first day of school, I stared in awe at the huge buildings. This high school was definitely bigger than the one I had previously attended.
This was my second year of high school, but my first year of school in St. Louis. I had decided the night before that I would be much happier in a new school if I made friends that were so-called “popular”. Getting in with the right group of people would make my life a whole lot better. I even bought a new outfit and had my hair styled just so the first day would be perfect.
Scared, yet anxious to begin my new life, I walked up the stairs to the front door. The halls were packed with kids yelling and laughing and telling stories of their summer adventures. My first class was geometry, but where was that?
I was standing in the hall looking confused, when a short, blond girl wearing glasses came up and asked, “Are you new? You look lost. Do you need help? My name is Diane. What’s yours?” Even though she seemed a bit strange, definitely not the kind of person I wanted to be associated with, I decided to answer her anyway. I was, after all, lost.
After exchanging names. I followed her up the stairs and down a hallway on the right, making polite conversation the whole way. When we reached my room she said, “Well, here you are. Welcome to JFK, and I hope your day goes all right.”
I said thanks and waved good-bye. Once inside the classroom, I saw one big group of people huddled around someone who seemed to be telling some sort of story. I walked over and got close enough to overhear. All eyes were glued to the guy in the middle of the circle who was wearing a letter jacket covered with patches. I decided that this guy was popular, so I managed to get a seat right next to him. I said, “Hi, my name is Lisa and I’m new here.” He said, “Johnny.”
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置答题。
At the end of the class, I turned to him and asked, “I’m not sure where my next class is, could you help me?”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Just at that time, someone came up and tapped me on the shoulder.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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【答案】1-5 CBAAB 6-10 CAABC 11-15 ACBAC 16-20 CBBCB
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍四种“教育盒子”。
1. 细节理解题。根据Spangler Boxes部分的“Steve Spangler, who previously hosted a popular science education program(史蒂夫·斯潘格勒曾主持过一个科普教育节目)”可知，Steve Spangler过去是一个电视节目主持人。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据Finders Seekers Boxes部分的“After receiving a Finders Seekers box, you'll explore characters of a new city and culture every month while solving puzzles.(在收到“Finders Seekers”盒子后，每个月可以一边解开谜题，一边探索新城市的人物和文化。)”可知，Finders Seekers Boxes包括了城市的特点，故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据Kiwi Doodle Boxes部分的“Doodle focuses on art and design with projects such as a felt botanic garden, an artificial leather sample set, and handmade soap.(Doodle专注于艺术和项目设计，如毛毡植物园、人造皮革样品集和手工肥皂)”可知，如果你对手工艺术感兴趣，你会订阅Kiwi Doodle Boxes，故选D。
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是运动员在职业生涯中不懈追求的精神。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“A famous springboard driver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship, offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.(一位著名的跳板选手在世界锦标赛的决赛中被对手击败，他向获胜者表示祝贺，并含泪向观众挥手告别。)”和第二段的“It is common in the athletic world. Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.(这在体育界很常见。运动员把生命中最美好的时光花在艰苦的训练和比赛上。)”可知，第一段的作用是引出这篇文章的主题。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.(做到更好——这个理想总是使运动员前进。)”可知，推动运动员前进的理想是他想取得比以往更大的成就。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated — even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger. This is the rule of sports — thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.(据说，没有一个竞争者能够避免被打败，即使是最好的也一定会被更强的人打败。这就是体育运动的规律——成千上万的失败者造就了一个胜利者，而这个胜利者最终会被荣誉名单上的某个人所取代。)”可知，我们可以从体育运动的规律中了解到即使是最强的运动员也有被打败的一天。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“To participate and to win — that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong, and the strong searching forever better performance.(参与并取胜——这就是奥林匹克精神。它表现在弱者敢于挑战强者，而强者永远寻找更好的表现。)”可知，本文主要讲的是运动员精神，故选A。
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些动物为了适应气候等环境变化，发生身体某些部位的变形。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting.(我们造成的气候变化给它们带来了很大的压力，一些物种试图通过变形来适应)”可知，动物变形是为了适应气候变化，即气候变化可能导致了动物的变形。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%—10% increase in beak size since 1871, and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments.(几种澳大利亚鹦鹉已经展示出，自1871年以来，鸟喙尺寸平均增加了4%-10%，这与每年的夏季温度呈正相关。北美黑眼灯心草是一种小型鸣禽，喙的增大与寒冷环境中的短期极端温度有关)”以及“Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews.(研究人员报告说，木老鼠的尾巴长度增加，鼩鼱的腿尺寸增加)”可知，本段通过举例子的方式进行说明。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving.(这只是意味着它们正在适应生存，但我们不确定这些变化的其他生态后果是什么，或者说所有物种都有能力改变和生存)”可知，动物变形会带来怎样的影响，现在尚未可知。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media, people are asking ‘can humans overcome this?’, or ‘what technology can solve this?’.(很多时候，当主流媒体讨论气候变化时，人们都在问‘人类能克服这个问题吗？’或者‘什么技术可以解决这个问题？’)”、“The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting.(我们造成的气候变化给它们带来了很大的压力，一些物种试图通过变形来适应)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一些动物为了适应气候等环境变化，发生身体某些部位的变形，推测文章可能出自报纸的环境部分。故选C项。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了复旦大学李晓杰教授及其团队根据古代著作《水经注》的描述，使用绘图软件和3D建模重现了水道情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Among them, well-known Chinese geographer and writer Li Daoyuan, in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534), composed his book, Commentary on the Water Classics, after studying the original literary version, Water Classics.(其中，中国著名地理学家、作家郦道元在北魏（386-534）对《水经》原著进行研究后，撰写了《水经注》一书)”可知，《水经注》是基于对之前《水经》一书的研究。故选D项。
2. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前“To solve that, on the northern side of the canal branch, the officials built a reservoir (水库) and a channel to lead the water to the canal branch(为了解决这个问题，官员们在运河支流的北侧建了一个水库和一个渠道，把水引到运河支流)”及划线词后“flow together to the city(一起流向城市)”可知，此处指水在支流汇合然后一起流入城市，converge意为“汇合”。故选A项。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Still, the process of recreation takes much effort. After doing a lot of text analysis and fieldwork, the team has gradually created the model with 3D modelling software based on repeated deductions(推论).(然而，娱乐的过程需要很多努力。经过大量的文本分析和实地调查，团队在反复推演的基础上，用3D建模软件逐步建立模型)”可知，本段主要讲述重建模型的复杂过程。故选C项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“They have been using drawing software and 3D modelling to recreate the waterway situations on a map based on the book description.(他们一直在使用绘图软件和3D建模，在地图上根据书中的描述重现水道情况)”可知，文章主要讲述复旦大学李晓杰教授及其团队根据《水经注》的描述，使用绘图软件和3D建模重现了水道情况。故B项“古代经典启发现代研究”适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的象棋。
1. 上文“If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, you will see people, mostly men wearing T-shirts, sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade, playing a game with large round disks of wood.”（如果你在夏天去中国的任何一个城市旅行，你会看到人们，大多数是穿着 T 恤的男人，坐在人行道上的阴凉处的矮椅子上，用大圆盘木头玩游戏）描述了下象棋的景象，下文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period.”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国）介绍象棋可以追溯到战国时代，所以空处应该指出这个游戏是象棋，D项“这个游戏叫象棋，一个普通人的游戏”符合逻辑关系。故选D。
2. 根据上文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess, there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a popular game in China.”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国。虽然专家们对象棋的创造者以及它与西洋象棋的联系有不同的看法，但毫无疑问，到了唐代，象棋在中国已经成为一种流行的游戏）介绍象棋在中国历史悠久，很受欢迎。这里是按时间顺序：战国时期—唐朝，所以空处应该按照时间讲唐朝之后的一个时期，象棋的发展情形。B项“在清朝时期，它的知名度增加了”符合时间逻辑关系。故选B。
3. 空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Like Western chess, the object of the game is to capture the other player’s “king”.”（和西洋象棋一样，这个游戏的目的是捕捉对手的“国王”）推知，空处应该讲述中国象棋中的“王”，A项“其实在象棋里他只是个将军。”符合题意。故选A。
4. 上文“Unlike Western chess, instead of placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines. Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board, which the elephants cannot cross.”（与西方国际象棋不同，棋子不是放在正方形中，而是放在直线的交叉点上。象棋和西洋象棋的另一大区别是棋盘中间有一大块空白，象无法通过）提到中国象棋中有个空间是象不能越过的；下文“This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-or-death war. ”（这个空间指的是中国的一个地区，刘邦和项羽在那里进行了一场生死战）提到这个空间就是刘邦和项羽打生死战的地方，所以空处应是对这个空间进行定义，C项“它被称为“楚河汉界””符合逻辑。故选C。
5. 根据上文“The war was so influential that “the Chu River and the Han Boundary” has become a metaphor(隐喻)referring to any boundary between two opposing armies. When the Chinese people today see this name on the board, the battle scenes come to their mind, as though they are surrounded by thick smoke, able to hear the beating of war drums.”（这场战争的影响是如此之大，以至于“楚汉边界”已经成为一个隐喻，指的是两个敌对军队之间的任何边界。当今天的中国人看到这个名字在黑板上，战斗的画面浮现在他们的脑海中，仿佛被浓烟包围，能够听到战鼓的敲击声）提到楚河汉界是一种隐喻，因此下象棋时棋盘也是个战场，人们看到这个名字就好像沉浸在硝烟四起、战鼓喧天的战争场面。F项“一场激烈的战斗即将在这个小棋盘上进行”符合逻辑。故选F。
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在东京奥运会上获得银牌的波兰运动员Maria Andrejczyk在社交平台上发帖子，计划卖掉自己的银牌，众筹救助患心脏病的儿童Miloszek的故事。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的病情非常严重，无法在波兰治疗，但斯坦福大学医疗中心的医生能够接受他的病例。 A. particular特别的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. serious严重的；D. common常见的。根据“but doctors at Stanford University Medical Center are able to take his case.”可知，Miloszek的病情太严重了，在波兰无法得到治疗。故选C。
2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他们要求预付80%的房款，这个家庭根本负担不起这笔钱。A. Undoubtedly无疑地；B. Unfortunately不幸地；C. Additionally另外；D. Absolutely完全地。根据“a sum the family simply could not ___3___.”可知，不幸的是，他们需要预付80%的费用，而这个家庭根本负担不起这笔巨额的医疗费。故选B。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他们要求预付80%的房款，这个家庭根本负担不起这笔钱。A. expect期望；B. permit允许；C. ensure保证；D. afford付得起。根据“___2___, they require 80 percent of the payment up front,”可知，Miloszek家里负担不起巨额医疗费。故选D。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时玛丽亚·安德烈齐克来帮忙了! A. crowded拥挤；B. turned变为；C. brought带来；D. stepped踏。step in介入。根据“she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，Maria介入进来帮助Miloszek。故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在从日本获得她的第一枚奥运会奖牌并返回一周后，Maria在社交媒体平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖自己的银牌，为Miloszek的手术筹集资金。A. earning获得；B. declaring宣布；C. battling与……作战；D. defeating打败。根据“she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，Maria在东京奥运会上获得了她的首枚奥运奖牌。故选A。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在从日本获得她的第一枚奥运会奖牌并返回一周后，Maria在社交媒体平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖自己的银牌，为米沃谢克的手术筹集资金。A. parcel包裹；B. message信息；C. card卡片；D. list目录。根据“on a social media platform announcing that she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，在获得奖牌回国一周后，Maria在社交平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖她的奥运会银牌为Miloszek的手术筹集资金。故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格买下了这枚奖牌，这比Maria预期的要多。 A. sold卖；B. returned返回；C. purchased购买；D. saved保存。根据“Zabka announced that they would let Maria keep her ___12___ after all!”可知，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格购买了这枚奖牌。故选C。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格买下了这枚奖牌，这比Maria预期的要多。A. expected期望；B. needed需要；C. accepted接受；D. commanded命令。根据“Days later, a Polish convenience store called Zabka ___7___ the medal for $125,000,”可知，这超出了Maria的期望。故选A。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，当她的故事曝光后，越来越多的人开始向筹款活动捐款。A. health健康；B. dream梦想；C. heart心脏；D. story故事。根据“Not only that,”可知，本句承接上文，表示不仅如此，当她的故事曝光后，更多的人开始捐款。故选D。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他们筹到了足够Miloszek去美国旅行的钱! A. transport运输；B. provide提供；C. cover覆盖；足以支付；D. cost花费。根据“Not only that, but when her ___9___ broke, more people began donating to the fundraiser.”可知，最后，他们筹到了足够支付Miloszek美国之行的钱!故选C。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：善意还不止于此。A. kindness善良；B. news消息；C. sympathy同情；D. gratitude感激。根据“Finally, they pulled in more than enough cash to ___10___ Miloszek’s trip to America!”可知，人们的善意并没有因为帮Miloszek筹到了去美国治病的费用而停止。故选A。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Zabka宣布他们最终还是会让Maria保留她的奖牌! A. secret秘密；B. reputation名声；C. money金钱；D. medal奖牌。根据“We decided that the silver medal from Tokyo will stay with Maria!”可知，Zabka宣布他们会让Maria保留她的奖牌!故选D。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该公司写道：“我们被这位奥运选手极其高尚的姿态所感动，所以我们决定支持Miloszek的筹款活动。”A. flexible灵活的；B. noble高尚的；C. gentle温和的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据上下文可知，根据“We were very touched”可知，Zabka被这位奥运选手极其高尚的行为所感动。故选B。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司写道：“我们被这位奥运选手极其高尚的姿态所感动，所以我们决定支持Miloszek的筹款活动。”A. recovery恢复；B. request请求；C. fundraiser资金筹集人；D. award奖品。根据“We were very touched by the extremely ___13___ gesture of our Olympian,”可知，Zabka被Maria Andrejczyk 高尚的行为所感动，因此决定支持Miloszek的筹款。故选C。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很高兴能够做出贡献。A. contribute作贡献；B. present呈现；C. fight打架；D. change改变。根据“We are glad”可知，Zabka很高兴能够为此作出贡献。故选A。
【答案】36. who##that
37. is known
38. description
39. became 40. from
41. extremely
42. various
43. archaeologists
44. dating 45. and
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“敦煌的女儿”樊锦诗为保护敦煌文物作出的巨大贡献。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词archaeologist，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
2. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。句子的主语The Chinese archaeologist是单数，和know之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is known。
3. 考查名词。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。设空处被不定冠词a 修饰，应使用名词的单数形式。故填description。
4. 考查时态。句意：樊锦诗从20世纪60年代初开始研究这一历史遗址，最初是北京大学考古专业的本科生，1984年成为敦煌研究院副院长，作为一名自然保护主义者，该研究院旨在防止这一古老遗址被破坏。根据下文中的in 1984可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应使用一般过去时。故填became。
5. 考查介词。句意：樊锦诗从20世纪60年代初开始研究这一历史遗址，最初是北京大学考古专业的本科生，1984年成为敦煌研究院副院长，作为一名自然保护主义者，该研究院旨在防止这一古老遗址被破坏。prevent sth. from doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“防止某事物发生某种情况”。故填from。
6. 考查副词。句意：这是一个老人，一个极其虚弱的老人。设空处作状语，修饰形容词weak，应使用副词。故填extremely。
7. 考查形容词。句意：它有各种各样的疾病。设空处作定语，修饰名词illnesses，应使用形容词，故填various。
8. 考查名词的数。句意：今天，多亏了樊锦诗等伟大考古学家的工作，敦煌拥有世界上最大、保存最完好的15世纪至13世纪的佛教文物。archaeologist意为“考古学家”，是可数名词，且此处表泛指，应使用复数形式。故填archaeologists。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，多亏了樊锦诗等伟大考古学家的工作，敦煌拥有世界上最大、保存最完好的15世纪至13世纪的佛教文物。此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰collection of Buddhist relics，且collection of Buddhist relics与date为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填dating。
10. 考查连词。句意：莫高窟主址由735个洞窟组成，分布在1700米宽的悬崖上，包含4.5万平方米的壁画和2000多件彩色雕塑。45,000 square metres of murals(壁画)与more than 2,000 colourful sculptures为并列关系，指出敦煌古迹数量之大。故填and。
【答案】Good morning, boys and girls,
The topic of my speech today is Family Education Shapes Me. Family education has always deeply influenced me. It has benefited me a lot.
Remember once, my teacher gave me a prize when I got full marks in an exam. But when I got home, my mother found a mistake on the paper and asked me to explain the situation to the teacher. I did what Mom said. The teacher asked me to keep the prize as a reward for my honesty. Although I lost full marks, I gained the most beautiful qualities. My honest family upbringing has served me well all my life and has cleared away many obstacles in my life. Thank you for your listening!
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以Family Education Shapes Me为主题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括良好的家庭教育方式和成长的启示。
【详解】1.词汇积累
影响：influence→ affect
赢得：gain→ win
得到满分：get full marks→ get full score
记住：remember→ keep in mind
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Family education has always deeply influenced me. It has benefited me a lot.
拓展句：Family education has always deeply influenced me, which has benefited me a lot.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I did what Mom said.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Although I lost full marks, I gained the most beautiful qualities.（运用了although引导的让步状语从句）
【答案】One Possible Version:
At the end of the class, I turned to him and asked, “I’m not sure where my next class is, could you help me?” With a frown, he looked at me and then said a quick no, turned back to his friends, and walked out of the classroom. As they were walking out I heard him say, “Did you guys see that new girl trying to get into our group? That outfit was too strange.” They all laughed and some of them turned around and stared at me. My face hot with shame, I stood stock-still, not believing what had just happened.
Just at that time, someone came up and tapped me on the shoulder. It was Diane. Like a ray of sunshine, the big smile on her face swept away my gloom. I struggled to hold my feelings back and told her what I had encountered. A gleam of concern in her eyes, she said she was sorry and offered to find my next class. At that moment I realized how wrong I was in wanting to only be friends with popular people. Maybe I shouldn’t decide whether a person is worth being my friend or not by their reputation, but by who they are.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者高中第二年是在圣路易斯的第一年，作者在学校认识了Diane，Diane给作者指路。结果作者因为穿着被班上的同学嘲笑，Diane也对作者表示了关心，作者也感悟到不应该只和受欢迎的人交朋友。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“下课的时候，我转向他问：‘我不知道下节课在哪里，你能帮我吗？’”可知，第一段可描写对方的反应以及作者被嘲笑的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“就在那时，有人走过来拍了拍我的肩膀”可知，第二段可描写Diane帮助作者以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：询问——拒绝——嘲笑——帮助——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①走出：walk out of/step out of
②融入：get into/fit into
③抑制：hold back/restrain
情绪类
①奇怪的：strange /odd
②担心：concern /worry
【点睛】[高分句型1] My face hot with shame, I stood stock-still, not believing what had just happened.(运用了what引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Maybe I shouldn’t decide whether a person is worth being my friend or not by their reputation, but by who they are. (运用了whether引导宾语从句)
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