2023届吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校高三上学期第四次模拟考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2023届吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校高三上学期第四次模拟考试英语试题含解析，共29页。
 长春吉大附中实验学校
“鹰隼三朝展羽翼 蛟龙一跃上九天”
2022—2023学年上学期高三年级第四次摸底考试
英语学科试卷
考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0. 5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5.保持卡面清洁，不得折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题;从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the speakers doing?
A. Having lunch. B. Shopping. C. Washing dishes.
2. When does the performance start?
A. At 6 o’clock. B. At 7 o’clock. C. At 8 o’clock.
3. Where are the speakers?
A. At a school. B. At a bar. C. At a hospital.
4. What hasn’t been prepared for the emergencies?
A. A flashlight. B. Towels. C. Water.
5. What can be inferred about the woman?
A. She is from New York. B. She made a huge mistake. C. She doesn’t know the man.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。
6. How did the man travel around the world?
A. By car. B. By motorbike. C. By train.
7. What did the man think of cycling?
A. A bit boring. B. Not adventurous. C. Impractical sometimes.
听下面一段对话，回答第8、9题。
8. Which country won the fewest medals?
A. Great Britain. B. Japan. C. Spain.
9. What are they mainly talking about?
A. Some athletes. B. Some medals. C. A sports meeting.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至12题。
10. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At home. B. In. a pizza house. C. Over the phone.
11. What ingredient does the woman dislike?
A. Garlic. B. Onions. C. Pepper.
12 Which pizzas will be ordered?
A. Meat Lovers and Seasonal-Vegetable.
B. Grilled Vegetable and Spicy Chicken.
C. Sausage Deluxe and Seasonal Vegetable.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至16题。
13. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. A couple. B. Mother and son. C. Grandma and grandson.
14. What is Paul watching?
A. Music videos. B. A concert. C. A movie.
15. What does the woman think of today’s music?
A. Pleasant. B. Noisy. C. Inspiring.
16. What is the guy in the video doing?
A. Holding a stick. B. Driving a car. C. Playing his guitar.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is children’s favourite storyteller according to the study?
A. Dad. B. Celebrities. C. Mom.
18. What happens when children grow older?
A. They are less thirsty for bedtime stories.
B. They depend more on stories from parents.
C. They become storytellers to other children.
19. How can parents become good storytellers?
A. By making faces. B. By using funny voices. C. By telling their own stories.
20. What’s Wolfson’s opinion about parents’ reading with children?
A. It’s quite common. B. It’s beneficial. C. It’s not difficult.
第二部分 阅读(共两节：满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
HSK TEST and HSKK TEST are both the internationally standardized tests that focus on the ability of candidates whose Chinese is not their first language to use Chinese for communication in life, study and work.
According to China’s Ministry of Education, any foreign students to be enrolled in Chinese university should at least hold a HSK Level 4 certificate.
Learners who want to apply for the Confucius Institute Scholarships should take the score reports of both HSK and HSKK.
All test takers taking HSK abroad are eligible (合格) to apply for the Chinese Test Summer Camp to experience Chinese culture and learn Chinese in a short period in China.
HSK and HSKK scores are valid for a long time. As a proof of the Chinese language ability of foreign students entering Chinese colleges and universities, the scores are valid for two years (counting from the day of the test).
HSK TEST
Test levels include HSK (Level 1), HSK (Level 2), HSK (Level 3), HSK (Level 4). HSK (Level 5) and HSK (Level 6).
Exam Object: HSK (Level 4) is mainly for candidates who have learned Chinese for four semesters (two academic years) with a schedule of 2-4 class hours per week and mastered 1, 200 commonly used words.
HSKK TEST
HSKK Test is designed to test the ability to express oneself orally in Chinese and includes the HSKK (Elementary), HSKK (Intermediate) and HSKK (Advanced).
Exam Object: HSKK (Intermediate) is mainly for candidates who have leaned Chinese for one to two academic years at a schedule of 2-3 class hours per week and master about 900 of the most commonly used words.
1. What is required for a foreigner to get into a Chinese college?
A. To pass Level 4 of HSK. B. To score above average in HSKK.
C. To speak Chinese as their mother tongue. D. To take part in Chinese Test Summer Camp.
2. How many levels does HSKK Test include?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
3. Where can we most probably see this article?
A. In Chinese art galleries. B. On inter-city subways.
C. In elementary schoolbooks. D. On overseas study websites.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了与国际汉语考试和国际汉语口试相关的信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“According to China’s Ministry of Education, any foreign students to be enrolled in Chinese university should at least hold a HSK Level 4 certificate.(根据中国教育部的规定，任何进入中国大学的外国学生至少应持有HSK 4级证书)”可知，对于外国人进入中国大学至少需要通过HSK Level 4。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据HSKK TEST部分中的“HSKK Test is designed to test the ability to express oneself orally in Chinese and includes the HSKK (Elementary), HSKK (Intermediate) and HSKK (Advanced). (HSKK考试旨在测试用汉语口头表达自己的能力，包括HSKK（初级），HSKK（中级）和HSKK（高级）)”可知，HSKK Test包含三级。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“HSK TEST and HSKK TEST are both the internationally standardized tests that focus on the ability of candidates whose Chinese is not their first language to use Chinese for communication in life, study and work.(HSK考试和HSKK考试都是国际标准化的考试，侧重于汉语不是第一语言的考生在生活，学习和工作中使用汉语进行交流的能力)”可知，本文介绍的是关于HSK TEST 和 HSKK TEST的考试信息，都是针对海外的学生。由此推知，文章很可能在关于海外学习的网站上，其他的艺术展览馆，城内地铁，初级教学课本都不符合文章主题。故选D项。
B
My hands were shaking uncontrollably. I tried incredibly hard to focus on the words that I spent hours putting down on paper. I tried to conquer my fear of speaking in public on numerous occasions throughout my life. During college and at my first few jobs, I would get ridiculously nervous when I had to give a presentation or lead a meeting. Public speaking had been my nemesis for as long as I could remember.
Then in my mid-thirties, I decided to join the public speaking group Toastmasters. At every meeting, we were rated and forced to compete with other speakers for an award. You would think that I would walk away from these experiences as a polished speaker, but nothing seemed to work.
It wasn’t until recently, when science and scientific institutions were being attacked for unfair reasons during the pandemic, that I decided I must speak out. Science has made this country a place where dreams come true — this is why we all need to protect science. In addition, as a science writer, I try to get readers to understand how science is related to their daily lives.
So I ended up on that frightening stage on that sunny Saturday in April — Earth Day. Despite the body shakes and fear, I persevered. That day, I looked out into the crowd of like-minded science supporters and I felt comfort.
Reaching that milestone goal of getting through a speech truly changed me. At almost forty, I learned that passion can set off a flame in my heart to do things I never dreamed possible. The darkness that led to my speech is sure to lead to new opportunities and adventures.
4. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “nemesis” in Para. 1?
A. Strength. B. Confusion C. Preference. D. Struggles.
5. What happened to the author when leaving Toastmasters?
A. Things got worse for him. B. Nervousness remained with him.
C. He became a polished writer. D. He began to feel more competitive.
6. What made the author want to speak out on Earth Day?
A. He must rise up to defend science.
B. It was a good chance to learn science.
C. It was a project organized by Toastmasters.
D. He couldn’t have people attacking his fellow scientists.
7. What lesson did the author draw from his successful speech?
A. Frustration can be a stepping stone to success.
B. Love motivates us to achieve the unachievable.
C. Science can lead us to make wonderful changes.
D. Any difficulty can be overcome with great effort.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者在一次偶然的机会为了科学而去发表公开演讲，使得他自己战胜了对公开演讲的恐惧心理，同时也悟出了一个道理：激情可以燃起心中的火焰，实现自己不能实现的成就。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“During college and at my first few jobs, I would get ridiculously nervous when I had to give a presentation or lead a meeting.(在大学期间和我的前几份工作中，当我不得不做演讲或主持会议时，我会变得非常紧张)”可知，在大学期间和工作之初，一到开会或者是公开演讲就会紧张。由此可知，公开演讲是作者一直感到困难的事情。划线词nemesis与struggles(难事)意思接近。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At every meeting, we were rated and forced to compete with other speakers for an award. You would think that I would walk away from these experiences as a polished speaker, but nothing seemed to work.(在每次会议上，我们都会被评分，并被迫与其他演讲者竞争奖项。你可能会认为我会作为一个优雅的演讲者离开这些经历，但似乎没有任何效果)”可推知，作者经常参加一些演讲比赛，但仍然没有改变自己紧张的状况。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It wasn’t until recently, when science and scientific institutions were being attacked for unfair reasons during the pandemic, that I decided I must speak out.(直到最近，当科学和科学机构在大流行期间因不公平的原因受到攻击时，我才决定我必须大声疾呼)”可知，因为科学和科学机构遭到了不公平的攻击，所以作者站出来捍卫科学。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“At almost forty, I learned that passion can set off a flame in my heart to do things I never dreamed possible. The darkness that led to my speech is sure to lead to new opportunities and adventures.(快四十岁时，我了解到激情可以在我心中点燃火焰，去做我做梦都想不到的事情。导致我演讲的黑暗肯定会带来新的机会和冒险)”可推知，作者感悟到激情能够点燃内心的火焰，实现自己曾经无法实现的事情。故选B项。
C
TikTok has appeared as a major starter of food trends—from mushroom coffee and pancake cereal to cloud bread. But there’s another trend dominating TikTok that’s become bigger than any of these viral recipes. That’s the #whatieatinaday trend, which is nearing 9 billion views. These video food diaries are also popular on Instagram—typically featuring a wellness influencer or celebrity showing their foods they ate that day—often with a full-length yoga clothes mirror selfie.
The basic message these posts send is that if you eat like them, then you can eventually look like them. The posts are promoting the idea of a perfect or ideal day of eating, along with a perfect body size.
“Younger audience, especially girls and young women, accept the message that they must eat like these creators in order to achieve and maintain not only health, but also social attraction,” says Cara Harbstreet. “The biggest harm I see with this trend is that it normalizes disordered or restrictive eating behaviors. This could prevent someone struggling with an eating disorder from seeking and receiving support or treatment.”
Even if the #whatieatinaday posts are displaying a balanced day of eating, the message of “eat like me, and you will look like me” is harmful because people would not necessarily achieve the same body size as the Instagrammer even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite.
Rather than a day’s worth of food, many experts suggest posting a single meal instead. Rachael Hartley said an individual meal or recipe could serve as an idea or inspiration versus a full day of eating to copy.
“I occasionally share #whylate Wednesday posts, with the aim of showing a wide range of foods, including fast food, desserts, convenience foods and other foods that diet culture might dislike, as well as showing how to include nutrition in a gentle way,” she said.
Rachael says diet culture has changed our sense of how much is “normal” to eat at meals or snacks, so it can be helpful to see a full meal that shows a variety of foods.
8. What is paragraph I mainly about?
A. The popularity of TikTok cooking classes.
B. The origin of the #whatieatinaday trend.
C. The Internet hit of posting a whole-day diet.
D. The disagreement of selfies in yoga clothes.
9. Why is #whatieatinaday trend harmful according to Cara Harbstreet?
A. It makes people less attractive. B. It confuses dieting with healthy eating.
C. It contributes to emotional disorder. D. It restricts people’s choice to vegetables.
10. Which kind of posting would probably be preferred by experts?
A. A big Sunday supper with various dishes.
B. A single meal with only convenient noodles.
C. Breakfast, lunch and dinner on a Wednesday.
D. A day’s meals with more vegetables than meat.
11. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To compare different eating habits.
B. To inform a standard posting method.
C. To argue against #whatieatinaday posting.
D. To discuss the pros and cons of diet culture.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是当前的主流视频“每天吃什么”的危害和一些相关的建议。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“TikTok has appeared as a major starter of food trends—from mushroom coffee and pancake cereal to cloud bread. But there’s another trend dominating TikTok that’s become bigger than any of these viral recipes. That’s the #whatieatinaday trend, which is nearing 9 billion views.(TikTok已经成为食品趋势的主要开端——从蘑菇咖啡和煎饼麦片到云面包。 但是，还有另一种主导TikTok的趋势，它变得比任何这些病毒式食谱都要大。 这是#whatieatinaday趋势，接近90亿次观看。)”可知，第一段主要讲述的是whatieatinaday趋势的根源是什么。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The biggest harm I see with this trend is that it normalizes disordered or restrictive eating behaviors.(我看到这种趋势的最大危害是它使紊乱或限制性饮食行为正常化。)”可知Cara Harbstreet认为“每天吃什么”是有害的原因在于它把紊乱的饮食习惯当做一种正常的行为。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Rather than a day’s worth of food, many experts suggest posting a single meal instead.(许多专家建议发布一顿饭，而不是一天的食物。)”可知，饮食专家建议不是发布每天的饮食，而是每次发布一餐的。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“Even if the #whatieatinaday posts are displaying a balanced day of eating, the message of “eat like me, and you will look like me” is harmful because people would not necessarily achieve the same body size as the Instagrammer even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite.(即使#whatieatinaday帖子显示的是均衡的一天进食，“像我一样吃，你会看起来像我一样”的信息也是有害的，因为即使他们复制了他们吃的每一口，人们不一定能达到与Instagrammer相同的体型。)”和倒数第三段中的“Rather than a day’s worth of food, many experts suggest posting a single meal instead. Rachael Hartley said an individual meal or recipe could serve as an idea or inspiration versus a full day of eating to copy.(许多专家建议发布一顿饭，而不是一天的食物。Rachael Hartley说，一顿饭或食谱可以作为一个想法或灵感，而不是一整天的饮食来复制。)”以及文章引用的其他专家的内容可知，写这篇文章的目的是为了说明the #whatieatinaday trend是有害的。故选C项。
D
Soot (煤) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit.
“It really makes us question, is our presence really needed?” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.”
Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮), vehicles and airplanes, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe. The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day. The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that was already happening more quickly because of global warming.
When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat. “These are the mirrors on our planet,” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast. “When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they don’t send back that much light and heat. That means more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.”
As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research results. On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are disappearing. “But then when we come to conclusions like this it really does make us think twice about how frequently we need to visit the continent,” she says, “and what kind of regulations should be placed on tourism as well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year.
12. What is Khan’s attitude towards human actions in Antarctica according to paragraph 2?
A. Angry and abusive. B. Cold and uninterested.
C. Doubtful and anxious. D. Admiring and delighted.
13. What is the main cause of soot pollution in Antarctica?
A. The quick melting of ice and snow. B. The emission from virous transport.
C. The remaining parts of burning plants. D. The floating gases from other continents.
14. What do we know from Nagorski?
A. The covered ice is less reflective.
B. The melting speed of ice is slower than before.
C. The dark blanket serves as a big mirror.
D. The sunlight gets increasingly stronger recently.
15. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What made our planet so polluted? B. Who is to blame for air pollution?
C. Can electric vehicles save tourism? D. Are we welcome to the South Pole?
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对南极洲的频繁考察，导致煤烟污染加速了南极洲气温的上升，加速了冰雪融化，人们对此情况反思，该如何降低对南极洲的考察频率从而减少对南极洲生态环境的破坏。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段““It really makes us question, is our presence really needed?” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.”(“这真的让我们质疑，我们的存在真的需要吗？”这项新研究的作者之一Alia Khan说。“我们在南极洲有相当大的黑碳足迹，这正在促进冰雪融化。”)”可知，Alia Khan的疑问可以看出他对人们去南极洲考察这一事实表示怀疑，而且他看到了人们到访南极洲产生的碳足迹使南极洲的冰雪融化，这让他感到焦虑。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮), vehicles and airplanes, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe.(南极洲的烟尘主要来自游轮、车辆和飞机的废气，尽管一些污染是从世界其他地区随风传播的。)”可知，南极洲煤烟的主要来源就是人们所使用的交通工具。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat. “These are the mirrors on our planet,” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast.(当雪和冰被揭开时，它们会在阳光变成热量之前反射大量的阳光。“这些是我们星球上的镜子，”阿拉斯加东南大学的科学家索尼娅·纳戈尔斯基（Sonia Nagorski）说。)”可以推断，冰雪被煤烟覆盖后，其反射阳光的效果就会降低。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Soot pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit..(一项新的研究表明，煤烟污染正在加速南极洲的气候融化，这引发了人们对如何保护这片脆弱的大陆免受越来越多的想要到访那里的人的影响的问题。)”可知，人们在去南极洲考察的同时，却破坏了南极洲的生态环境，所以该文主要分析的是我们人类有必要去南极洲考察吗？故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Weeds, the fast-growing plants that cannot be eaten and do not bring flowers, are a common problem for gardeners. Some use chemicals to kill weeds. Others pull them up by hand or with heavy machinery. Luckily, there are other ways to limit their growth.
For starters, there are mulches (护根物) which can bury weeds. Mulches are made from organic material, such as leaves, grass cuttings, and small pieces of wood. They are spread over the ground in a garden to control weeds. Organic mulches break down over time. ____16____ That is not a bad thing, because their decomposition (分解) creates nutrients for plants and humus (腐殖质) to keep soils wet and full of fresh air.
Plastic mulch is another way to stop weeds. Common black plastic is easy to lay down. It also effectively blocks weeds and helps soil warm faster in the spring. ____17____ A reflective plastic mulch, for example, keeps some plant-eating insects away. A major problem with plastic is that it breaks apart over time, so eventually it needs to be thrown away, plus it adds nothing to the soil as far as nutrients or humus. ____18____
Finally, in addition to direct attacks on weeds, how you plant your garden can indirectly influence weed growth. For example, close spacing of plants in the garden blocks sunlight from reaching the ground and can limit weed growth. And using a watering method known as drip irrigation will direct small amounts of water to the roots of your plants instead of the weeds. ____19____ Lying in soil are millions of weed seeds just waiting to be awakened by light and air.
____20____ Instead, your goal is simply to limit their growth in the garden.
A. So you must add more to your garden often.
B. So it is by far the best support for plant growth.
C. And plastic also can block air from reaching the soil.
D. A small group of geese can clear weeds in half a hectare of land.
E. Whether or not you dig up your soil also influences weed growth.
F. Using any or all of these methods will not permanently stop weed growth.
G. Recent experiments with other colored plastic have shown effects on both bugs and plant growth.
【答案】16. A 17. G 18. C 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何在花园中限制杂草的生长。
16题详解】
根据空前的“Organic mulches break down over time.(有机覆盖物会随着时间的推移而分解。)”和空后的“That is not a bad thing, because their decomposition (分解) creates nutrients for plants and humus (腐殖质) to keep soils wet and full of fresh air.(这不是一件坏事，因为它们的分解为植物和腐殖质创造了养分，以保持土壤湿润和充满新鲜空气。)”可知，空前说明有机覆盖物会慢慢分解，空后说明那不是一件坏事，由此可见，that应该是一种做法不是坏事，结合选项可知，A选项“So you must add more to your garden often.(因此，你必须经常向花园中添加更多内容。)”讲述的就是一种做法，符合上下文语境，起到一个承上启下的作用。故选A项。
【17题详解】
根据上文中的“Common black plastic is easy to lay down. It also effectively blocks weeds and helps soil warm faster in the spring.(普通的黑色塑料很容易放下。它还可以有效地阻挡杂草，并帮助土壤在春季更快地变暖。)”与空后的“A reflective plastic mulch, for example, keeps some plant-eating insects away.(例如，反光塑料覆盖物可以防止一些食草昆虫。)”可知，空前讲述的是黑色的塑料覆盖物作用，而空后的内容是说明能反光的塑料覆盖物也有同样的作用，所以此空指出其他颜色的塑料覆盖物有相应的作用，G选项“Recent experiments with other colored plastic have shown effects on both bugs and plant growth.(最近用其他彩色塑料进行的实验表明，对虫子和植物生长都有影响。)”符合上下文语境。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据空前的“A major problem with plastic is that it breaks apart over time, so eventually it needs to be thrown away, plus it adds nothing to the soil as far as nutrients or humus.(塑料的一个主要问题是它会随着时间的推移而破裂，所以最终需要把它扔掉，而且它不会给土壤增加任何营养或腐殖质。)”可知，此处应该是讲述塑料覆盖物的其他问题，C选项“And plastic also can block air from reaching the soil.(塑料也会阻止空气进入土壤。)”的内容符合语境。故选C项。
【19题详解】
根据本段的主题句“Finally, in addition to direct attacks on weeds, how you plant your garden can indirectly influence weed growth.(最后，除了对杂草的直接攻击外，你种植花园的方式也会间接影响杂草的生长。)”可知，此处说明的是如何进行种植以阻止花园杂草的生长，E选项“Whether or not you dig up your soil also influences weed growth.(无论是否挖掘土壤，都会影响杂草的生长。)”讲述的是一种种植的方式，符合上下文语境。故选E项。
【20题详解】
分析文章结构，可知最后一段是总结部分，所以该空选择的内容要概括全文，再结合空后的“Instead, your goal is simply to limit their growth in the garden.”可知，这些方法的使用只是为了阻止杂草在花园中生长，F选项“Using any or all of these methods will not permanently stop weed growth.”提及了上文讲述的阻止杂草生长的方法，同时与空后的内容完全吻合。故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节;满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m a professor teaching people how to think more creatively. ____21____, this lifetime passion was awakened by a casual contest when I was a child.
At a family picnic, children used to have the handkerchief-throwing contest, which I realize now, was not meant to show any real ____22____, but simply for laughs. But it stirred my love of thinking outside the ____23____.
The host gave each child a cloth handkerchief and told us the winner would be the one who threw it the farthest. The first little throwers ____24____ mighty strength, but the cloth opened and fell to the ground. So when one kid after another threw harder when the handkerchief always opened, it ____25____ me. The secret was not to throw harder but to keep the cloth from ____26____! Suppose I hid a rock in the cloth without tying it. The rock would ____27____ the cloth at least farther than the others, and when they separated, people might not notice a small rock ____28____ in the grass. I had a good chance of ____29____ with it, but I didn’t want to win by cheating. I had to make the handkerchief fly like a rock. I began tying the handkerchief around itself to make it _____30_____. When I approached the _____31_____ as the final contestant, people were already laughing. I took a long wind-up, and the balled handkerchief rocketed off maybe 60 feet away. The laughing _____32_____ suddenly. The host stared at me and then ran to _____33_____ if I’d cheated the crowd. “It’s just the handkerchief,” he declared. The adults applauded and I felt _____34_____.
This is how I learned the secret to creative thinking. I wanted to continue looking _____35_____ what things seemed to be.
21. A. Increasingly B. Unfortunately C. Interestingly D. Normally
22. A. skills B. suggestions C. disadvantages D. signals
23. A. picnic B. crowd C. ground D. box
24. A. broke up B. set up C. used up D. took up
25. A. scared B. annoyed C. distracted D. touched
26. A. opening B. flying C. disappearing D. floating
27. A. adjust B. desert C. encounter D. drive
28. A. growing B. landing C. shooting D. roaring
29. A. getting away B. fading away C. doing away D. running away
30. A. round B. heavy C. small D. cute
31. A. line B. rock C. winner D. punishment
32. A. erupted B. followed C. grew D. died
33. A. suspect B. predict C. examine D. remind
34. A. ashamed B. stressed C. cautious D. proud
35. A. around B. beyond C. beside D. above
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者通过在小时候的投手帕比赛中感悟到如何进行创造性思考。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，这种一生的激情是在我小时候的一次随意比赛中唤醒的。A. Increasingly越来越；B. Unfortunately不幸的是；C. Interestingly有趣的是；D. Normally正常。根据下文中的“…this lifetime passion was awakened by a casual contest when I was a child.”可知，一生的激情是在作者小时候一次随意的比赛中唤醒，这是很有趣的事情。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次家庭野餐中，孩子们曾经参加过投掷手帕比赛，我现在意识到，这不是为了展示任何真正的技能，而只是为了笑。A. skills技能；B. suggestions建议；C. disadvantages缺点；D. signals信号。根据上文中的“…I realize now, was not meant to show any…”以及下文中的“…but simply for laughs”可知，投掷手帕比赛只是为了开怀一笑，不是为了展示技能。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它激起了我对跳出常规思考的热爱。A. picnic野餐；B. crowd人群；C. ground地面；D. box盒子，框架。结合语境可知，此处指的是“跳出框架”思考问题，think outside the box意为“创造性思维”。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第一个小投掷者使尽了巨大的力量，但手帕打开并掉在了地上。A. broke up分手，解散；B. set up建立；C. used up用完；D. took up占据，从事。根据下文中的“The secret was not to throw harder…(秘诀是不要用力投掷)”可知，一般人想的是用光最大力气投掷手帕。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当一个又一个的孩子在手帕打开时更用力地投掷时，我很恼火。A. scared害怕的；B. annoyed生气的；C. distracted分心的；D. touched感动的。根据上文中的“when one kid after another threw harder when the handkerchief always opened,…”可知，作者看到其他选手失败的做法感到很生气。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：秘诀不是扔得更用力，而是防止手帕打开！A. opening打开；B. flying飞行；C. disappearing消失；D. floating漂浮。根据上文中的“…but the cloth opened and fell to the ground.(但手帕打开并掉在了地上)”以及空前的“The secret was not to throw harder but to keep the cloth from…”可知，想投掷更远的做法应该是阻止手帕打开。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小石头至少会把手帕推得比其他人的更远，当它们分开时，人们可能不会注意到一块小石头落在草丛中。A. adjust调整；B. desert抛弃；C. encounter遭遇；D. drive驱使。结合投掷手帕比赛的要求并根据下文中的“…the cloth at least farther than the others,…”可知，小石头会驱使手帕被投得更远一些，drive意为“驱使”符合语境。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小石头至少会把手帕推得比其他人的更远，当它们分开时，人们可能不会注意到一块小石头落在草丛中。A. growing生长；B. landing着陆；C. shooting射击；D. roaring咆哮。根据下文中的“in the grass”可知，此处指的是小石头落到草地上。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我有很大的机会侥幸逃脱，但我不想通过作弊获胜。A. getting away脱离；B. fading away消失；C. doing away离去；D. running away逃跑。根据上文中的“…people might not notice a small rock ____8____ in the grass.”可知，此处指的是没人注意的情况下，作者会侥幸逃脱，作弊取得胜利，get away with意为“侥幸脱逃”符合句意。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：我开始把手帕绑在上面，让它变小。A. round圆的；B. heavy重的；C. small小的；D. cute可爱的。根据上文中的“I began tying the handkerchief around itself…”可知，作者这样做的目的就是使得手帕变小而在投掷时不至于打开，以便投的更远。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我作为最后的参赛者走近投掷线时，人们已经笑了。A. line线；B. rock小石头；C. winner获胜者；D. punishment处罚。根据上下文语境和常识可知，投掷手帕比赛要有一条投掷线才能测量谁投的更远，所以作者是接近投掷线开始比赛。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：笑声突然消失了。A. erupted爆发；B. followed跟随；C. grew成长；D. died死亡，消失。根据上文中的“When I approached the ____11____ as the final contestant, people were already laughing.”可知，在没有进行比赛的时候，人们就不看好作者，所以开始大笑起来，根据空前描述“I took a long wind-up, and the balled handkerchief rocketed off maybe 60 feet away.”和下文中的“The host stared at me…”可知，作者的投掷结果令大家目瞪口呆，所以笑声消失了。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：主持人盯着我，然后跑去检查我是否欺骗了大家。A. suspect怀疑；B. predict预测；C. examine检查；D. remind提醒，使想起。结合语境以及下文中的““It’s just the handkerchief,” he declared.”可知，主持人是去检查作者是否作弊。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大人们鼓起了掌，我感到很自豪。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. stressed有压力的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. proud骄傲的，自豪的。根据上文中的“The adults applauded…”以及上下文语境可知，作者对自己的表现感到自豪。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我想继续超越事物的表面看待问题。A. around在……周围；B. beyond超越；C. beside在……旁边；D. above在……上面。根据首段中的“____1____, this lifetime passion was awakened by a casual contest when I was a child.”以及第二段中的“But it stirred my love of thinking outside the ____3____.”可知，此处指的是作者超出事物表面，突破常规，创造性地思考问题。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Friends who are not ____36____ (biological) related still tend to resemble each other when it comes to genetics, according to a U. S. study ____37____ (publish) recently that proves that “Friends are the family you choose.”
“____38____ (look) across the whole genome (基因组), we find that, on average, we are genetically similar to our friends,” lead author James Fowler, professor of the University of California, San Diego, says. “We have more DNA ____39____ common with the people we pick as friends than we do with strangers in the same population.”
On average, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins or people who share great, great, great grandparents, ____40____ translates to about one percent of our genes. One percent may not sound like much to the layperson (外行). “But to geneticists it is a ____41____ (significance) number. And how remarkable: Most people don’t even know who their fourth cousins are! Yet we are quite likely ____42____ (select) the people who resemble our relatives as friends.”
One of the most interesting ____43____ (discovery) in the study is that genes more similar between friends seem to be evolving faster than other genes. This may help explain why human evolution ____44____ (quicken) over the past 30, 000 years, which suggests that the social environment itself is _____45_____ evolutionary force.
【答案】36. biologically
37. published
38. Looking
39. in 40. which
41. significant
42. to select
43. discoveries
44. has quickened
45. an
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国的一项新的研究发现：在遗传学方面，没有生物学关系的朋友仍然倾向于彼此相似，该研究证明“朋友是你选择的家庭”。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：根据最近发表的一项美国研究，在遗传学方面，没有生物学关系的朋友仍然倾向于彼此相似，该研究证明“朋友是你选择的家庭”。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰谓语动词are not related，应用副词，作状语。故填biologically。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据最近发表的一项美国研究，在遗传学方面，没有生物学关系的朋友仍然倾向于彼此相似，该研究证明“朋友是你选择的家庭”。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，提示词publish与被修饰词study之间为被动关系，结合句意可知，publish已经发生，所以使用过去分词。故填published。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“纵观整个基因组，我们发现，平均而言，我们在基因上与我们的朋友相似，”主要作者，加州大学圣地亚哥分校教授James Fowler说。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，look与逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，与谓语动词同时发生，所以使用现在分词，且该空位于句首，look首字母要大写。故填Looking。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：与同一人群中的陌生人相比，我们与我们选择的朋友有更多的DNA共同点。固定短语have…in common意为“与……有共同之处”。故填in。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：平均而言，朋友与第四个堂兄弟或拥有曾祖父母、曾祖父母的人一样“相关”，这相当于我们基因的百分之一。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，关系词指代前文整句话陈述的内容，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但对遗传学家来说，这是一个相当大的数字。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰名词number，应用形容词，作定语。故填significant。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我们很可能会选择与我们亲戚相似的人作为朋友。固定结构be likely to do sth. 意为“有可能做某事”，且与句子主语we为逻辑上的主动关系。故填to select。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：研究中最有趣的发现之一是，朋友之间更相似的基因似乎比其他基因进化得更快。固定结构one of +名词复数，意为“……之一”。故填discoveries。
【44题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这可能有助于解释为什么人类进化在过去3万年中加速，这表明社会环境本身就是一种进化力量。分析句子结构可知，此处应填谓语动词形式，根据时间状语over the past 30, 000 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，且句子主语human evolution为单数名词，助动词使用has。故填has quickened。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这可能有助于解释为什么人类进化在过去3万年中加速，这表明社会环境本身就是一种进化力量。名词force为可数名词，此处表示的是泛指概念，所以使用不定冠词，空后的形容词evolutionary是以元音音素开头的词，应用an。故填an。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李响，曾在澳洲交换留学一年。你的外教Melinda在暑假想来你的家乡旅游，希望了解你家乡的情况。请你给她回一封电子邮件，介绍你所在的城市“长春”。
要点如下：
1.表达欢迎；
2.介绍城市(地理位置、历史文化或旅游景点)；
3.表达期待。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Melinda,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Xiang
【答案】Dear Melinda,
I’m glad to know that you are interested in my hometown and will pay a visit to it in the summer holiday. Here I’d like to tell you something about it.
Changchun City, the capital of Jilin Province, is located in the center of Songliao Plain in Northeast China. Although Changchun is a new city with only about 200 years of history, she is a very influential regional center city in China with high degree openness and advanced science and education now. I am proud of her because she has the characteristics of automobile city, forest city, film city and scientific and technological city.
I’m looking forward to meeting you and I’d like to show you around the city!
Yours,
Li Xiang
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Melinda写一封电子邮件，介绍所在的城市“长春”，并对外教的暑假来访表示欢迎和期待。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be interested in → show interest in
位于，坐落于：be located in → be situated in/lie in
以……感到自豪：be proud of → take pride in
期望：look forward to → expect
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Changchun City, the capital of Jilin Province, is located in the center of Songliao Plain in Northeast China.
拓展句：Changchun City, which is the capital of Jilin Province, is located in the center of Songliao Plain in Northeast China.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although Changchun is a new city with only about 200 years of history, she is a very influential regional center city in China with high degree openness and advanced science and education now. (运用了although引导让步状语从句)
【高分句型2】I am proud of her because she has the characteristics of automobile city, forest city, film city and scientific and technological city. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was turning ten in the summer of 1995. On a warm evening while at dinner table my mom announced we were taking a trip to Niagara Falls when summer vacation started so that we could celebrate my birthday there.
It all sounded incredibly good until mom said we would be driving to Canada. As was often the case, my dad would do all the driving when my mom managed the directions. But dad often took wrong turns along the way and mom would not stop complaining.
It wasn’t all that I didn’t like the car rides. I looked over at my 6-year-old sister, Marlene. She giggled at me and rolled her eyes. Driving in the car meant I’d share the back seat with my sister, who would never stop making noise unless she was asleep.
“Hey, can we take a plane there instead?” I asked between mouthfuls of hamburger and French fries. Sometimes, when dad had a day off from work, we would drive out to Idlewild Airport to watch the planes take off and land. I always hoped that one day I could get to sit in my own seat on one of those planes. It would be so cool to get high up the beautiful sky.
“Sorry honey, maybe next time.” my mother replied as she and my father exchanged glances. I turned to my sister, hoping she would say she wanted to get on a plane too, but she simply stuck her tongue out at me and giggled again.
Don’t they get it? I was in desperate need of a plane ride, and I needed something cool to talk about with my friends when we got home. “Sitting in the back seat of the car sucks.” I blurted (脱口而出) out.
“Jay!” My mom shouted. “Watch your mouth!”
“OK, sorry, but I really want to go by plane.”
“This conversation is over.” My dad growled. “Finish your eating and go to your room.”
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We left two days later on Saturday morning in our car.
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I was told to wait until we checked in our bags at the airport.
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【答案】We left two days later on Saturday morning in our car. Reluctant as I was, I helped stuff the car truck full of suitcases. There I was stuck in the back seat with no hope of having great tales of adventure for my friends and little expectation of celebrating my birthday with style. After what seemed like a lifetime, I felt extremely bored as Marlene fell asleep beside me. Rolling down the window, I caught a glimpse of a large plane flying overhead. How I wished I were on that plane! At that moment, I noticed my father made a turn off the highway and drove past a sign that read “Airport Parking”. I couldn’t believe my eyes. We were heading right into the airport.
I was told to wait until we checked in our bags at the airport. “We were planning this as a birthday present for you all along,” Mom explained, “despite your impolite language the other night, Happy birthday, sweetheart !” My Dad also wished me a happy birthday as he bent down to kiss my head while Marlene threw her arms around me, winking and giggling heartily. Overwhelmed with emotions, I looked at the boarding pass in my hands, finally waking up to the fact that my dream of taking a flight indeed came true. Yet what touched me most was the great 1ove, patience and tolerance from my family. It was my best birthday ever!
【解析】
【导语】本文是一片读后续写。讲述的是在作者十岁的时候，妈妈计划要去Niagara Falls旅行给他庆祝生日。但是作者不愿意自驾出行，因为他有一个梦想，就是乘飞机去旅行，不愿意听到驾车出行时妈妈的唠叨和与调皮的妹妹共享后排座位。在去出行的那一天，母亲却给作者一个很大的惊喜，成为作者印象最深的一次生日。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“两天后的星期六早上，我们开车出发了。”可知，第一段可描写作者的不情愿，对自己乘飞机出行变的绝望，情绪的低落，以及自己妹妹的调皮。结合第二段的提示内容，可以描写作者见到了机场上的飞机并发现正开车朝着机场方向前进。
②由第二段首句内容“我被告知要等到我们在机场托运行李时再说。”可知，第二段可描写作者母亲解密不告诉作者真相的原因，以及一家人如何祝愿作者生日快乐，同时描写作者对这次生日的感受。
2.续写线索：计划出游庆生——梦想乘飞机出行——驱车出游——发现驾车去机场——庆生方式解密——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①被困：be stuck in /be trapped in/be caught in
②瞥见：catch a glimpse of/catch sight of
③拥抱：throw one’s arms around sb./give sb. a hug/be greeted with hug
情绪类
①无聊：feel extremely bored/become very dull
②感动：touched/moved/affected
【点睛】
[高分句型1] After what seemed like a lifetime, I felt extremely bored as Marlene fell asleep beside me.（由连接词what引导的宾语从句作after的宾语）
[高分句型2] My Dad also wished me a happy birthday as he bent down to kiss my head while Marlene threw her arms around me, winking and giggling heartily.（由as引导的状语从句和现在分词做伴随状语）
[高分句型3] Yet what touched me most was the great 1ove, patience and tolerance from my family.（what引导的主语从句）