译林版英语七年级下册Unit 4 Finding your way知识点全解

 译林版英语七年级下册知识点全解Unit 4 Finding your way 内容全解  Part One  Comic strip 重点全解1、Follow me, Eddie.（P 42） Follow及物动词，意为“跟随”，其后可以接表示人或事物的名词或代词作宾语。例如： The robot follows Mr. Green all the time.Tom follows his mother all day long.2、Let’s go down here.（P 42）Down副词，意为“下去，向下”。go down意为“向下走”，常表示位置或价格的下降。例如：They are going down from the top of the hill after planting trees.3、Eddie, I think we have to go up again.（P 42）have to意为“不得不”，表示因外界的强制作用而不得不做某事，强调被迫性，后接动词原形。例如： We have to finish the work before supper. Part Two Welcome to the unit B重点全解1、Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine Middle School.（P 43）“be+方位名词+of”意为“在…(外部)某个方向”，强调某地在另外一个特定区域外，相当于“be+to the+方位名词+of”例如： Our school is (to the) south of the museum.       Japan is (to the) east of China.2、Is it far away from our school? （P 43）be far away from…意为“离…很远”，其中away可以省略。例如： His home is far away from school. My home is not far away from the zoo.3、How will we get there? （P 43）get to意为“到达”，get there意为“到达那儿”，当后面接地点副词时，to要省略。例如： How can we get to the hotel?       You’d better get there by bus. Part Three  Reading 重点全解1、Go straight on, and you’ll find the Panda House.（P 44）该句是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，and连接的两句之间是顺承关系，前一分句表示顺承或假设，后一分句表示一种结果或推论。例如：Stand here, and you can see it better.      Study hard, and you can pass the exam.2、They like to eat bamboo and lie down all day long.（P 44）all day long意为“整天，成天”。long在这里是副词，用在表示一段时间的名词之后，起强调作用。all year long意为“整年，成年”例如：Don’t keep the windows closed all day long.      My parents work in the field all year long.3、Walk along the road. （P 44）Along介词，意为“沿着，顺着”，后面一般接表示河流，道路，街道之类的名词。例如：They’re taking a walk along the road.      The car runs along the river to a farm.4、Remember that they’re dangerous.（P 44）Remember后面的that they’re dangerous是宾语从句，作remember的宾语。例如：Remember that studying is the most important thing for you.remember及物动词，意为“记得”。常用于下列结构：remember to do sth.意为“记住要做某事（还没做）”remember doing sth.意为“记住做过某事（已做）”All the students should remember to do homework after school.I remember posting the letter.5、Turn left, and to the west of the Lion’s Area, you’ll find the World of Birds. （P 44）turn left意为“向左转”，也可译成turn to the left; turn right意为“向右转”，也可译成turn to the right.例如：Turn left, and you will see the park in front of you.6、They jump around and make people laugh.（P 44）(1) make使役动词,意为“使；让”，常用于make sb. do sth.结构，意为“使/让某人做某事”。例如： This music makes us feel relaxed.(2) laugh动词，意为“笑”。常见短语;laugh at意为“嘲笑，讥笑”例如： Don’t laugh at those poor children.       He often laughs at me.7、There are also birds。aren’t there?（P 46）该句是一个反意疑问句。反意疑问句是表示说话人对所陈述的事情有所怀疑或不肯定，想通过对方的回答来加以肯定或否定。反意疑问句一般有两种结构。一是：肯定的陈述句+逗号+否定的附加问句+问号。二是：否定的陈述句+逗号+肯定的附加问句+问号。反意疑问句的回答与一般疑问句的回答方式一样。例如：—You are a teacher, aren’t you?      —Yes, I am./No, I’m not. Part Four  Grammar 重点全解1、The baby panda doesn’t look like its mother. （P 47）look like意为“看起来像”例如： Linda looks like her mother.       What does he look like?2、The flowers are in front of the shop. （P 48）In front of介词短语，意为“在…前面”。指在某物外部的前面，其反义词是behind（在…后面）例如：There is a garden in front of our classroom.3、The food is above the drinks. （P 48）above介词，意为“在…上面”例如： The picture is above the bed.辨析：above, on与over(1) above指“在…上面”，表示某物体的位置高出另一物体的位置，两物体不接触，也不一定正对着，与blow（在…下面）相对。The plane is flying above the clouds.(2) on指“在…上”，两物体表面接触，与beneath（在…下面）相对。The box is on the table.(3) over指“在…正上面”，两物体垂直但并不接触，也可指笼罩、覆盖在上面，与under（在…下）相对。There is a bridge over the river. 冠词冠词定义：冠词是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，表示名词的数量或者特征。冠词有两种，一种是不定冠词（a, an），一种是定冠词(the)。此外也有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所称的“零冠词”。 一．不定冠词a, an定义：表泛指；+可数名词单数      元音音素开头——an         辅音音素开头——a易错点：u--/ ʌ / :  an umbrella --/ju:/:  a useful book  a university  a uniform        h--/ h /:   a hill   a hand   a head         --不发音:  an hour   an honest child用法：1. 表示“一个”   e.g.：This is a book.           Wait a moment..2. 泛指某人或某物   e.g.：A girl is waiting for you.     There is a Smith downstairs. 3. 泛指人、事、物的类别，以区别于其他种类e.g.：A square has four sides.    A dog is a lovely animal.     A child needs love.4. 与表示单位的名词连用，相当于“每一个”  e.g.：Brush your teeth twice a day.     I paid 10 dollars an hour.       Five lesson a week.5. 用于序数词前，表“又”“再”  e.g.：He tried a second time.6. 用于某些抽象名词前，表示“一场，一种，一类，一份，一阵”  e.g.：a green tea   a great fire   a heavy snow       There’ll be a strong wind in South China.7. “of + a(n) + n” 表示 “同一的” “相同的”  e.g.：We are of an age.         Birds of a feather flock together.8. 用于某种抽象名词前，表具体情况或概念  e.g.：He has a knowledge of English.    It’s a great pleasure to meet you.9. 表示一个以上的事物时，每个名词前都要用不定代词  e.g.：1. We have a black and a white cat.  我们有一只黑猫和一只白猫。（2个a两只猫）       2. We have a black and white cat.    我们有一只黑白斑纹的猫。 （1个a一只猫）10.用于两件通常配在一起的物品，第二个名词前不用不定代词  e.g.： a knife and a fork 一副刀叉     a cup and a saucer 一套杯盘 a watch and a chain 一副表链 二．定冠词the定义：表特指用法：1. 表示上文提及的，说话人听话人都明白的，特定的人或事。   e.g.：There are many books on the desk. The books are old        Put on the coat! It’s cold outside.        The girl is waiting for you. 2. 世上独一无二的事物。   e.g.：the sun  the moon  the earth  the world3. 普通名词构成的专有名词前。e.g.：the Great Wall   the United States   the Sahara4. 方位、乐器前   e.g.：the east   the west   the north   the southeast   the left   the right        I like playing the piano.5. 序数词、形容词最高级、两者比较、“the 比较级，the 比较级”，或only, same前  e.g.：The first lesson is very easy.He is the tallest student in our class.6. 用于姓氏的复数名词前表示 “…一家”, “…夫妇”  e.g.：The Greens are watching TV now.     The Smiths7. 用于逢十的数字复数前，指世纪中的特定年代 e.g.：in the 60’s    在六十年代      in the 1980’s/1980s   在二十世纪八十年代8. “the 形容词”为形容词名词化，表示一类的人或事物the poor     the old     the rich      the beautiful9. 用于复数名词前表示整个整体；不加定冠词表示整体中的部分。e.g.：They are the students of Class One. (全体学生) They are students of Class One. (部分学生)10. 常见词组    In the morning/afternoon/evening  in the daytime(在白天)   in the end(最后)   All the time(一直)；      at the same time(同时)       by the way(顺便说)    At the age of(在  岁时)   at the beginning of(开始)    in the middle of(中间)  三．零冠词用法：1. 名词前已有物主代词，名词所有格，this，that，very等修饰语时e.g.：Every student likes English in our class.     This is my book.2. 物质名词、抽象名词前常不加冠词。但表特指时要加。   e.g.：We can’t live without water.        Our country is rich in oil.        I like music.       I like the music in the 18 century. 3. 三餐、球类、学科、季节、月份、星期、节假日等名词前不加。但表特指，泛指“某一个”，“某一种”时则加冠词。   e.g.：What do you have for breakfast?          We have a cold winter in Shanghai.4. 人名、地名、官衔、称号、等名词前不用冠词。e.g.：John Smith   Beijing   Professor Li   Mr. Green   Queen Victoria5. 语言前不加冠词，但其后加了“language”一词时，常加the。   e.g.：He can speak Chinese, English and Russia.        They are studying the Chinese language hard.6.  by 交通工具e.g.：by train   by plane   by ship7. 复数名词表类别，前面不加冠词。  e.g.：Horses are useful animals       Those people are teachers, not students.8. 一些时间名词前 e.g.：at dawn/ noon/ night/ sunset/ sunrise      Morning is the best time for work.9. “专有名词 +  普通名词”    Beijing Airport         Zhongshan Road Part Five  Integrated skills 重点全解1、Walk past the house, turn left and walk along the path next to the river.（P 49）past介词，意为“经过（一边，一侧）”例如： We live in the building just past the bookshop.       I will send the letter for you when I walk past the post office.2、Then you’ll see Sunny Garden at the corner of the street.（P 50）corner可数名词，意为“拐角，街角；角落”例如： I met my teacher at the corner of Renmin Road.辨析：at the corner of和in the corner ofat the corner of意为“在…的拐角处”，一般指路、街道的拐角。in the corner of意为“在…的角落里”，一般指室内的角落。She is waiting for the bus at the corner of the street.There is a football in the corner of the room. Part Six  Task 1、My parents will prepare plenty of food and drinks for us.（P 52）(1) prepare及物动词，意为“准备”，后接所准备的东西作宾语。Prepare…for…意为“为…准备…”，for后接准备行为的对象。例如： I am preparing some music for the party.(2) plenty of意为“足够的；大量的”，可修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词。用法同a lot of/lots of。例如： There are plenty of eggs in the market.2、This is the way to my home.（P 52）the way to意为“去…的路”。on one’s way to意为“在去…的路上”，如果后面跟表示地点的副词，则应省略to。例如： Can you tell me the way to the zoo?       On my way home, I met an old friend of mine.3、I am happy to invite you to…（P 53）be happy to do sth.意为“很高兴做某事”I’m happy to work with you. We’re happy to help the old people go shopping.4、We will have a big dinner at/in…（P 53）have a big dinner意为“吃一顿丰盛的晚餐”。have可以和许多名词构成短语：have a meeting 开会      have a talk 谈一谈     have a rest  休息have a class    上课      have a picnic  野餐   短语和句型归纳 短语归纳 
have to 不得不；必须go on 向前走；继续traffic lights  红绿灯，交通灯prepare…for… 为……准备plenty of 大量的；足够的be far (away) from 离…很远in front of 在…前面  3all day long  整天turn left 向左转follow me 跟着我all kinds of 各种各样的have a nice rip 旅途愉快lie on the grass 躺在草地上on the right of 在……的右边at the corner of 在……的拐角处have a big dinner 吃一顿丰盛的晚餐walk past 走过between the hills 在两山之间go straight on 直走at the first crossing 在第一个十字路口walk along the road 沿着这条路走go near them  走近它们lie down  躺下来make beautiful sounds  发出优美的声音 句型归纳remember to do sth. 记住要做某事the way to… 去…的路make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事It’s+距离+from A to B  A距离B…invite sb. to do sth.  邀请某人做某事be happy to do sth. 很高兴做某事look forward to doing sth.  期待做某事be afraid to do sth.  害怕做某事be+方位词+of  在…的…方向