16 历史故事-2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读

这是一份16 历史故事-2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读，共14页。
2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-历史故事 题型主要内容1阅读理解讲述了电影《阿波罗13号》背后真实发生在太空的生死逃亡的故事。2阅读理解讲述了达尔文的两本笔记本在剑桥大学图书馆被盗，在失踪20年后又再现图书馆的故事。3阅读理解讲述了梁思成和林徽因夫妇为保护中国古建筑而做出的努力，他们的努力提高了公众保护历史建筑的意识。4阅读理解讲述了“泰迪熊”这一词的由来。5阅读理解介绍了人们对富兰克林由著名的雨天放风的实验而发现了电的存在所提出的质疑。6语法填空讲述了成语“程门立雪”背后的故事。 01（2022·湖南师大附中高三阶段练习）200,000 miles from Earth, the crew of the third manned mission to the Moon faced an astronaut’s worst nightmare: an explosion on the spacecraft. It’s what happened in the Oscar-winning film Apollo 13, but it’s also a true story.The lift-off of Apollo 13 took place on 11th April 1970. Two days into the mission, the three-man crew were in big trouble. They had been carrying out routine checks when there was a loud bang. Warning lights were starting to flash. Looking out into space, they could see a trail of gas — the spacecraft was leaking oxygen. They sent out a short message to the scientists back on Earth: “Houston, we’ve had a problem here.” At first, they thought that a meteor (流星) had hit them, but they later found out that a short circuit had caused an oxygen container to explode. Whatever the cause, they knew there was no time to lose. Their electricity supply in the command module (指令舱) depended on that oxygen and pretty soon they would run out of both.The only solution was to move into the lunar module — the section of the spacecraft that would have landed on the Moon. Now though, they were using it as a kind of lifeboat. With its own power supply, oxygen and water, the three men could survive in the lunar module and return to Earth. There was another problem though. In an enclosed space like a lunar module, the carbon dioxide the crew was breathing out was dangerous. The equipment to clear the air of carbon dioxide was only built for two people. Now it had to deal with three. Amazingly, the crew managed to build an adapter out of materials onboard to reduce the carbon dioxide to a safe level.There was one final hindrance. The lunar module wasn’t strong enough to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere so the crew had to go back into the damaged command module. To everyone’s relief, the crew of Apollo 13 arrived safely in the South Pacific Ocean on April 17th. Although the crew didn’t land on the Moon, NASA still considered the mission a success.1．What was the astronauts’ first reaction to the explosion?A．They went out to land on the Moon. B．They informed scientists on Earth.C．They moved into the lunar module. D．They looked into the cause of the explosion.2．How did the astronauts solve their air situation in the lunar module?A．By moving back to the command module. B．By lowering the carbon dioxide level.C．By creating a new oxygen supply. D．By limiting the oxygen use.3．What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?A．Surprise. B．Mission. C．Obstacle. D．Circumstance.4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．A Successful Mission B．An Amazing AdventureC．Deep Space Exploration D．Life-and-Death Drama in Space02（2022·山西现代双语学校南校三模）Two of naturalist Charles Darwin’s notebooks that were reported stolen from Cambridge University’s library have been returned, two decades after they disappeared.The university said on Tuesday that the manuscripts were left in the library inside a pink gift bag, along with a note wishing the librarian a happy Easter.The notebooks, which include the 19th-century scientist’s famous 1837 “Tree of Life”sketch on evolution, went missing in 2001 after being removed for photographing, though at the time the staff believed they might have been misplaced. After the staff had searched the library’s collection of 10 million books, maps and manuscripts, but failed to find them, they were reported to police in October 2020 as stolen.Darwin filled the notebooks with ideas shortly after returning from his voyage around the world on the ship HMS Beagle, developing ideas that would bloom into his landmark work on evolution On the Origin of Species. The notebooks are estimated to be valued at millions of dollars.On March 9, 2022, the books reappeared, left in a public area of the library, outside the librarian’s office, which is not covered by security cameras. The university’s director of library services, Jessica Gardner, said her relief at the books’ reappearance was “profound and almost impossible to properly express.”“The notebooks can now retake their rightful place alongside the rest of the Darwin archives (档案) at Cambridge, at the heart of the nation’s cultural and scientific heritage, alongside the archives of Sir Isaac Newton and Professor Stephen Hawking,” she said.The notebooks are set to go on public display from July as part of a Darwin exhibition at the library. Cambridgeshire police said their investigation was continuing,“and we are following up some lines of inquiry. We also renew our appeal for anyone with information about the case to contact us,”the force said.5．What caused the notebooks to go missing?A．Being left in a pink plastic bag.B．Getting removed by two naturalists.C．Getting mixed with other collections.D．Being taken away for taking pictures.6．Why weren’t the notebooks reported to the police until 2020?A．The staff had misplaced them.B．The staff misjudged the situation.C．The notebooks were guaranteed to be returned.D．The notebooks were too worthless to be reported.7．How did Jessica Gardner feel about the reappearance of the notebooks?A．Anxious. B．Disturbed. C．Indifferent. D．Overjoyed.8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．The police were to drop the case. B．New witnesses have come forward.C．The stealer has yet to be determined. D．The investigation came to a dead end.03（2022·浙江省长兴中学模拟预测）Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s best architectural historians was no easy accomplishment. The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them. Exploring China’s remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule (骡子) or on foot. Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk or violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.Their greatest discovery was the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A．D．, making it the oldest building known in China at the time.Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most forbidding, forgotten areas to determine its age, including one hideaway inhibited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. “In complete darkness and among the awful smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours. When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.” Liand wrote of the experience in an account included in “Liang and Lin; Partners in Exploring China’s Architectual Past.”9．On their way to the ancient buildings, what kind of difficulties and risks do Liang and Lin face?A．Poor accommodations and personal security.B．Poor accommodations and smelly areas.C．Broken vehicles and violence from robbers.D．Broken vehicles and muddy roads.10．Liang and Lin raised public awareness of ______.A．documenting smashed historical buildingsB．rebuilding historically valuable buildingsC．saving the oldest temples in ChinaD．protecting historical buildings.11．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A．Creativeness results in discoveryB．Difficulty produces achievementC．Efforts contribute to happinessD．Responsibilities contribute to development04（2022·江西·兴国中学二模）In November of 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt, a noted hunting enthusiast, had been invited to join a bear hunt near the town of Smedes, Mississippi. When the President had initially proven unsuccessful on this hunt, guide Holt Collier determined to find a suitable quarry (猎物) for Roosevelt.Tracking a 235-pound bear to a watering hole, Collier knocked out the unfortunate bear and tied it securely to a nearby tree. A messenger was sent for the President, but when Roosevelt arrived he was unimpressed by the sight of a bound, dazed and bleeding bear. He had been shocked and disappointed by this unfamiliar method of hunting, using packs of dogs to track, flush out and wear down the prey while the hunter need only lie in wait for the animal to be driven to him. This was far from the physical challenge Roosevelt was accustomed to and fond of. He not only refused to claim the bear himself, but forbade anyone else from doing so as well. Regrettably, the rarely repeated resolution to the story does not include a happy ending for the bear. Seeing the condition of the injured bear, which had been badly bitten by the dogs, Roosevelt asked that it be put out of its misery.Reporters with the hunting party soon spread news of Roosevelt’s fair play nationwide. Among those inspired by the story was Washington Post political cartoonist Clifford Berryman, who produced a wildly popular cartoon of the incident. New York City storeowners Morris and Rose Michtom were further inspired by the cartoon, and Mrs. Michtom produced two stuffed bears for sale in their shop. The Michtom family even claimed to have written to Roosevelt and received permission to attach his name to the toy. “Teddy’s bear” swiftly became a hit, and later an enduring pop-culture symbol that has long outlasted its inspiration and namesake.12．What did President Roosevelt think of the method of hunting?A．Novel. B．Unacceptable. C．Traditional. D．Effective.13．What probably happened to the bear in the end?A．It bled to death. B．It was set free by the president.C．It was taken to a shelter. D．It was killed at Roosevelt’s request.14．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．The cartoon was named after President Roosevelt.B．The Michtoms were on good terms with Roosevelt.C．People thought highly of Roosevelt’s attitude to animals.D．The incident had a bad influence on the Michtom family.15．What can be the best title for the text?A．An Unlucky Bear B．History of the Teddy BearC．A Merciful President D．A Successful Stuffed Toy05（2022·河南·高三专题练习）As for Benjamin Franklin’s kite-and-key experiment, most people are aware of the version in which Franklin “discovered” electricity when lightning struck his kite. However, several details about this experiment are unknown, including when and where it happened. Some historians even doubt whether it took place.In fact, electricity had already been used for centuries before Franklin’s experiment. Franklin lived from 1706 to 1790 when electricity was understood 0S the interaction between two different fluids (流体), which Franklin later referred to as “ plus ” and “ minus ”.It was unknown before Franklin’s experiment whether lightning was electrical, though some scientists, including Franklin, had guessed just that. Franklin was particularly interested in this because lightning strikes had caused disastrous fires where houses were made of wood. Actually, by creating a lightning rod (避雷针), Franklin helped to protect wooden buildings from being struck by lightning.A few publications reported the experiment. In 1771 Franklin referred to the experiment in his autobiography, and other colleagues also wrote about it. Notably, the experiment appeared in “History and Present Status of Electricity” by Joseph Priestley. Priestley heard about the kite and key experiment from Franklin himself around 15 years after the fact, and in his book，he wrote it occurred in June 1752.However, in a book by Tom Tucker, he noted Franklin’s description of his experiment was phrased in the future conditional tense: “As soon as any of the Thunder Clouds come over the Kite, the pointed Wire will draw the Electric Fire from them...” Franklin could have simply been saying that the experiment could, in theory, be performed. Given that his statement has a few missing details—Franklin didn’t list a date, time or location, for example it’s possible that Franklin did not perform the experiment himself.However, some historians remain unconvinced that the experiment wasn’t carried out. Franklin experts, such as biographer Carl Van Doren, also point to the fact that Priestley specified the month in which Franklin performed his experiment, suggesting that Franklin must have given him precise details directly.16．What was Franklin’s achievement?A．He invented the lightning rod.B．He discovered electricity.C．He thought of ways to control fire.D．He improved the structure of homes.17．What can we learn from paragraph 4?A．Franklin lived in the 17th century.B．Priestley’s book came out in 1786.C．Priestley and Franklin were close friends.D．Priestley wrote the experiment happened in summer.18．Why was the future conditional tense stressed by Tucker?A．To indicate he was good at observing.B．To point out Franklin was careless in writing.C．To show Franklin was just saying a possibility.D．To prove Franklin did the experiment by himself.19．What is mainly talked about in the text?A．The discovery of electricity.B．The development of the lightning rod.C．Benjamin Franklin’s autobiography.D．Different opinions on Franklin’s experiment.06（2022·江西新余·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Honoring teachers and their intelligence has always been a tradition in China. Since ancient times, teachers ___20___(respect) as messengers of wisdom. The famous Chinese idiom, “Cheng Men Li Xue”, which ___21___(literal) means “standing in the snow at the gate of Cheng’s home”, is a wonderful example. “Cheng” refers to Cheng Yi, a leading ___22___ (educate) of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Attracted by Cheng’s theory, Yang Shi, a talented and hardworking young man, worshiped Cheng as his mentor.One day, Yang and his friend had different opinions on one question and went to Cheng’s home for advice. It was in the middle of winter. Feeling ___23___ (freeze) by the wind and snow, the two men wrapped ___24___ (they) tightly in their clothes and hurried on. When they arrived at Cheng’s place, the gatekeeper said the master ___25___(take) a nap.The two students did not complain. Instead, they chose not ___26___ (disturb) the teacher and waited outside the door, standing in heavy snowfall.After quite some time, Cheng, upon waking up, became aware ___27___ his students had been standing in the snow for a while ___28___ immediately invited them to come in. Deeply moved by their patience, Cheng gave detailed answers ____29____ the students’ questions. After years of study, Yang finally achieved his life goal as a great scholar.  参考答案：1．B    2．B    3．C    4．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影《阿波罗13号》背后真实发生在太空的生死逃亡的故事。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They had been carrying out routine checks when there was a loud bang.…They sent out a short message to the scientists back on Earth: “Houston, we’ve had a problem here.”(他们正在进行例行检查，突然听到一声巨响。……他们给地球上的科学家们发了一条短信：“休斯顿，我们这里出了点问题。”)”可知，爆炸发生后，他们首先联系了地球上的科学家们。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Amazingly, the crew managed to build an adapter out of materials onboard to reduce the carbon dioxide to a safe level.(了不起的是，机组人员成功地用飞船上的材料制作了一个适配器，将二氧化碳减少到安全水平)” 可知，机组人员制作了一种新设备以降低登月舱中的二氧化碳水平，解决了空气问题。故选B项。3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段第二句“The lunar module wasn’t strong enough to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere so the crew had to go back into the damaged command module.(登月舱不够坚固，无法重新进入地球大气层，所以宇航员不得不回到损坏的指挥舱)”可知，宇航员在解决了上题中提到的空气问题后，仍然面临最后一个“困难”，即因登月舱不够坚固而无法再次进入大气层。由此可知，划线词意为“困难；障碍”。A. Surprise惊喜；B. Mission任务；C. Obstacle障碍；D. Circumstance情况。故选C项。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“200,000 miles from Earth, the crew of the third manned mission to the Moon faced an astronaut’s worst nightmare: an explosion on the spacecraft. It’s what happened in the Oscar-winning film Apollo 13, but it’s also a true story.(在距离地球20万英里的地方，第三次载人登月任务的工作人员面临着宇航员最可怕的噩梦：飞船爆炸。这是奥斯卡获奖影片《阿波罗13号》中发生的事情，但它也是一个真实的故事)”可知，本文主要讲述了电影《阿波罗13号》背后真实发生在太空的生死逃亡的故事，首段直接引出了文章的主题，后文是围绕着该主题的细节描写，所以D选项“太空中的生死剧”最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 5．D    6．B    7．D    8．C【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了达尔文的两本笔记本在剑桥大学图书馆被盗，在失踪20年后又再现图书馆的故事。5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The notebooks, which include the 19th- -century scientist’s famous 1837 “Tree of Life”sketch on evolution, went missing in 2001 after being removed for photographing, though at the time the staff believed they might have been misplaced.(这些笔记本中包括这位19世纪科学家1837年著名的《生命之树》(Tree of Life)关于进化的素描。2001年，这些笔记本被移走拍照后失踪，尽管当时工作人员认为它们可能被放错了地方)”可知，笔记本丢失的原因是因为拍照而被带走。故选D项。6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“though at the time the staff believed they might have been misplaced. After the staff had searched the library's collection of 10 million books, maps and manuscripts, but failed to find them, they were reported to police in October 2020 as stolen.(尽管当时工作人员认为它们可能被放错了地方。 工作人员搜索了图书馆的1000万册图书、地图和手稿，但没有找到，他们于2020年10月向警方报告称被盗)”可知，直到2020年才报警的原因是工作人员误判了情况，认为它们可能被放错了地方。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The university’s director of library services, Jessica Gardner, said her relief at the books’ reappearance was “profound and almost impossible to properly express.”(该大学图书馆服务主任杰西卡·加德纳说，她对这些书的再次出现感到‘深切的宽慰，几乎无法恰当地表达’ )”可推知，杰西卡·加德纳这些笔记本重现的感受是非常高兴的。故选D项。8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Cambridgeshire police said their investigation was continuing,“and we are following up some lines of inquiry. We also renew our appeal for anyone with information about the case to contact us,”the force said.( 剑桥郡警方表示，他们的调查仍在继续，‘我们正在跟进一些调查线索。我们还再次呼吁任何有案件相关信息的人与我们联系。’)”可推知，窃贼的身份尚未确定。故选C项。9．A    10．D    11．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了梁思成和林徽因夫妇为保护中国古建筑而做出的努力，他们的努力提高了公众保护历史建筑的意识。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk or violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.”（客栈很脏、食物往往会被污染，而且总会有叛军、士兵和强盗的威胁）可知，在20世纪30年代探索中国偏远地区时，不仅食宿很糟糕，而且个人安全没有保障。因此梁思成和林徽因在通往古建筑的路上面对的困难和风险是食宿条件和个人安全性差。故选A项。10．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.”(夫妻团队是最早在中国开展活动的保护主义者之一，也是迄今为止最有名的。他们的努力已经激励了一代又一代的人们为建筑发声，这些建筑受到了急速发展的威胁。)可知，梁思成和林徽因的努力促进了人们对历史建筑保护的意识，让他们为受到开发威胁的建筑发声。由此可推测出，梁思成和林徽因在历史建筑上的所作所为，提高了公众保护历史建筑的意识。故选D项。11．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了梁思成和林徽因夫妇为保护中国古建筑而做出的努力，他们的努力提高了公众保护历史建筑的意识，正是他们的责任促进了中国文物保护运动的发展。尤其是第一段中“Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.”（他们的努力已经激励了一代又一代的人们为建筑发声，这些建筑受到了急速发展的威胁。）可知，该文的主旨是讲述梁思成和林徽因夫妇所经历的困难，为人们树立起保护历史建筑物的责任感，而不是单纯地歌颂他们的成就。因此D项最适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 12．B    13．B    14．C    15．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“泰迪熊”这一词的由来。罗斯福总统应邀参加了密西西比州斯梅德斯镇附近的一场猎熊活动。当总统最初证明这次狩猎失败时，向导霍尔特·科利尔决定寻找一个合适的猎物。而当罗斯福看到那只被狗咬得很重的受伤的熊的情况，要求把它从痛苦中释放出来。受到这个故事的启发，漫画家克利佛制作了一幅关于这一事件的广受欢迎的漫画，同时，受这幅漫画的启发，米奇顿夫人制作了两只毛绒熊在他们的店里出售，并申请其名为泰迪熊。12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“He had been shocked and disappointed by this unfamiliar method of hunting(他对这种陌生的狩猎方式感到震惊和失望)”可知，罗斯福对这种狩猎方式放到震惊和失望，由此可推知，对这样的狩猎，他是无法接受的。故选B项。13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段末尾句内容“Seeing the condition of the injured bear, which had been badly bitten by the dogs, Roosevelt asked that it be put out of its misery.(罗斯福看到那只被狗咬得很重的受伤熊的情况，要求把它从痛苦中救出来。)”可知，在看到这只熊已经遭受了很重的伤，罗斯福要求将它释放。由此可推知，这只熊最终有可能会被释放。故选B项。14．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Among those inspired by the story was Washington Post political cartoonist Clifford Berryman, who produced a wildly popular cartoon of the incident. New York City storeowners Morris and Rose Michtom were further inspired by the cartoon, and Mrs. Michtom produced two stuffed bears for sale in their shop. The Michtom family even claimed to have written to Roosevelt and received permission to attach his name to the toy.(《华盛顿邮报》政治漫画家克利佛·贝里曼也受到了这个故事的启发，他制作了一幅关于这一事件的广受欢迎的漫画。纽约市的店主莫里斯和罗斯·米奇顿进一步受到了这幅漫画的启发，米奇顿夫人制作了两只毛绒熊在他们的店里出售。米奇顿一家甚至声称已写信给罗斯福，并获准将他的名字附在玩具上。)”可知，由于罗斯福对待熊的善良态度，漫画家制作了关于这一事件的广受欢迎的漫画，而且也出现了以他的名字命名的泰迪熊，由此可推知，人们高度评价罗斯福对待动物的态度。故选C项。15．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章末尾句内容“‘Teddy’s bear’ swiftly became a hit, and later an enduring pop-culture symbol that has long outlasted its inspiration and namesake.(“泰迪熊”迅速走红，后来成为经久不衰的流行文化象征，比它的灵感和同名更持久。)”点明文章的主旨，可知，文章通过讲述罗斯福狩猎时救助了一只已经被猎狗咬伤的拴在树上的熊的故事，讲述了“泰迪熊”这一词汇的由来。因此，选项B“History of the Teddy Bear(泰迪熊的历史)”适合做文章的标题。故选B项。16．A    17．D    18．C    19．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对富兰克林由著名的雨天放风的实验而发现了电的存在所提出的质疑。16．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Actually, by creating a lightning rod (避雷针), Franklin helped to protect wooden buildings from being struck by lightning. (实际上，通过制造避雷针，富兰克林帮助保护木制建筑免受雷击)”可知，富兰克林发明了避雷针。故选A项。17．细节理解题。由第四段中的“Priestley heard about the kite and key experiment from Franklin himself around 15 years after the fact, and in his book, he wrote it occurred in June 1752. (大约15年后，Priestley从富兰克林本人那里听说了风筝和钥匙实验，并在他的书中写道，它发生在1752年6月)”可知，Priestley写下了富兰克林在夏天进行的风筝和钥匙实验。故选D项。18．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Franklin could have simply been saying that the experiment could, in theory, be performed. Given that his statement has a few missing details—Franklin didn’t list a date, time or location, for example it’s possible that Franklin did not perform the experiment himself. (富兰克林本可以简单地说，理论上，这个实验是可以进行的。鉴于富兰克林的声明缺少一些细节，例如，他没有列出日期、时间或地点，富兰克林可能没有亲自进行实验)”可知，Tom Tucker认为富兰克林在书中使用将来时来描述他的实验，是认为这可能只是富兰克林在说一种理论上的可能性，（因为缺少一些细节）实际上富兰克林可能没有亲自进行实验。故选C项。19．主旨大意题。由第一段“As for Benjamin Franklin’s kite-and-key experiment, most people are aware of the version in which Franklin “discovered” electricity when lightning struck his kite. However, several details about this experiment are unknown, including when and where it happened. Some historians even doubt whether it took place. (至于本杰明·富兰克林的风筝和钥匙实验，大多数人都知道富兰克林在闪电击中风筝时“发现”了电的版本。然而，关于这个实验的一些细节尚不清楚，包括它发生的时间和地点。一些历史学家甚至怀疑它是否发生过)”可知，本文在首段提出富兰克林的风筝和钥匙的实验并指出对这个实验存在的一些质疑，然后在下文对此进行讲述，由此判断文章主要讲述的是对富兰克林风筝和钥匙实验的真实性的一些不同观点。故选D项。 20．have been respected    21．literally    22．educator    23．frozen    24．themselves    25．was taking    26．to disturb    27．that    28．and    29．to【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了成语“程门立雪”背后的故事。20．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自古以来，老师就被尊为智慧的使者。主语teachers与谓语动词respect构成被动关系，根据上文Since ancient times可知为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为teachers，助动词用have。故填have been respected。21．考查副词。句意：中国著名的成语“程门立雪”，字面意思是“站在程家门前的雪中”，就是一个很好的例子。修饰动词mean应用副词literally，作状语。故填literally。22．考查名词。句意：“程”指宋明理学的主要教育家程颐。作同位语，表示“教育家”应用名词educator，不定冠词修饰用单数。故填educator。23．考查形容词。句意：两个人觉得被风雪冻住了，用衣服紧紧裹住自己，匆匆赶路。作表语，表示“冻僵的”应用形容词frozen。故填frozen。24．考查代词。句意：两个人觉得被风雪冻住了，用衣服紧紧裹住自己，匆匆赶路。此处指“他们自己”应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。25．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当他们到达程颐的住处时，看门的人说主人正在午睡。表示过去某个时刻正在做某事，应用过去进行时，主语为mater，谓语用单数。故填was taking。26．考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，他们选择不打扰老师，站在门外，站在大雪中。结合句意表示“选择不做某事”短语为choose not to do sth.，此处用动词不定式形式。故填to disturb。27．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：过了很长一段时间，程颐醒来，意识到他的学生们已经在雪地里站了很长一段时间，就马上邀请他们进来。该空后接宾语从句，从句结构完整，不缺“是否”意义，用只起连接作用的that，become aware that+宾语从句。故填that。28．考查连词。句意：过了很长一段时间，程颐生醒来，意识到他的学生们已经在雪地里站了很长一段时间，就马上邀请他们进来。前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。29．考查介词。句意：他们的耐心深深打动了程颐，他详细地回答了学生们的问题。结合句意表示“回答问题”应用give answers to questions。故填to。