专题十四完形填空-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破

这是一份专题十四完形填空-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破，共9页。
专题十四 完形填空
题型特点
完形填空以语篇为载体,既考查学生对短文的整体理解能力,又考查学生对语言基础知识的运用能力以及学生根据短文所给线索,捕捉相关信息进行分析判断、逻辑推理的能力.完形填空在整份试卷中所占分值为10~20分,文章体裁常为记叙文、说明文、夹叙夹议文等,文章话题广泛,多贴近时代和生活实际.
题的两空之间一般相隔7~10个词,短文第一句作为提示句,一般不设空,短文中设空的词多为实词.
解题方法和技巧
(1)抓住首尾,了解短文:①第一句往往是全篇的关键句,首句一般不设空,它有概括和预示全文大意的作用,是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨大意的突破口.②一般来说尾句是故事的结局、问题的结论.幽默富有哲理的结尾与开头一样为我们提供主要信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想.③留意文中有中文注释的词,他们往往对理解短文和解题有帮助.
(2)通读全文,把握脉络:答题时,应先越过设空处,通读全文,理顺题意,找出信息词.
(3)瞻前顾后,上下求索:通览全文后,认真观察选项,仔细推敲,逐项选定.在通读全文的基础上根据全文大意,展开逻辑思维,分析这一空格处在句中的位置,其前后的关系和它所起的作用,确定最佳答案.
(4)熟悉命题角度,一击即中:①语义连贯、语法正确是解题的关键所在.切忌独立地区别每个单词或短语的意义,而应将其置于短文之中,联系上下文,根据文章前后的逻辑关系推理作答.②完形填空题的选项在设置的时候可能会对学生常见的固定短语进行挖空,在做题的时候可以根据固定搭配直接选出答案.③完形填空是完整的一篇文章,在做题的时候要从整体上推断,根据文章创设的语境或者情感,选择恰当的选项.④有些选项的设置是从生活的角度出发,因此在日常生活中,应该多积累一些生活经验,多了解一些国内外的风俗文化、习惯用语、谚语等,做题时结合实际生活来选择正确答案.⑤在处理语法时,考生要充分利用惯用法和各种语法分析手段,如时态、语态、语序、主谓一致等.⑥逐句精读,时刻牢记“词不离句,句不离文”.所填的选项很可能已经在上、下文中出现过.
(5)复读检验,消除疏漏:完成所有题目后,还要再次通读全文,看看这时的短文行文是否流畅,意义是否连贯,逻辑关系是否合理.
典例讲解
例(2022·江苏徐州,第二大题,15分)
“Mum, please! Can I keep a pet dog or a cat?" Andrew asked.
Mum said nothing, but the next day, she got home with a bright goldfish swimming around in a plastic bag.
“A fish. A 1 little fish. Not exactly my dream pet. It's 2 !Everyone has a pet dog,” Andrew complained. “Mum, I've got 3 against fish. They're perfectly fine animals. But I want a pet that would do tricks and 4 me when I enter my room. I need a pet that would show me love, like a gentle bark or a miaow. 5 ,I've got a dead-eyed fish!"
“It's the only pet that you can keep,” Mum 6 .
Andrew had no choice but to keep the goldfish. He put it in the tank and said,“ I will name it Dog.” “Dog!” Andrew shouted. Suddenly, the goldfish stopped eating and swam over from the other side of the 7 .It looked at Andrew, right up to the glass next to him.
Andrew was 8 . “Did it know its name was Dog? Was it coming to me when I called? 9 . Fish aren't that smart. Are they?” Andrew waited for Dog to swim away again and 10 eating. Then he shouted again, “Dog!” It stopped eating at once and 11 over to Andrew. Maybe Dog wasn't a stupid fish, after all.
Andrew started to train Dog to do tricks. After two weeks, Dog could swim in the shape of eight. After one month of practice, Dog could get back a little plastic ball by swimming under it and 12 it up to the top of the tank. Then Andrew could drop the ball 13 into the water. Dog was playing go-and-bring!
Dog did more than the tricks. Whenever Andrew walked into the room, Dog would 14 swim up and give him a happy 15 .Every time Andrew smiled down at Dog, he was pretty sure it smiled right back.
1.A.lovely
B. stupid
C. clever
D. nervous
2.A.unlucky
B. uncomfortable
C. unimportant
D. unfair
3.A.something
B. anything
C. everything
D. nothing
4.A.greet
B. respect
C. protect
D. lead
5.A.So
B. Moreover
C. Instead
D. Otherwise
6.A.insisted
B. added
C. asked
D. doubted
7.A.box
B. cage
C. tank
D.bag
8.A.surprised
B. unhappy
C. excited
D. scared
9.A.No problem
B. No way
C. No worry
D. No hurry
10.A.forget
B. avoid
C. stop
D. begin
11.A.ran
B. swam
C. walked
D. jumped
12.A.pulling
B. pushing
C. taking
D. turning
13.A.off
B. away
C. back
D. out
14.A.never
B. seldom
C. sometimes
D. always
15.A.bubble
B. bark
C. miaow
D. touch
【文章大意】本文是记叙文.讲述了Andrew想养宠物狗或猫,但妈妈只允许养金鱼,虽然不是Andrew的理想宠物,但也给他带来了乐趣.
1.B【解析】本题考查形容词辨析.句意:一条鱼.一条愚蠢的小鱼.lovely可爱的;stupid 愚蠢的;clever聪明的;nervous紧张的.根据下文“Maybe Dog wasn't a stupid fish, after all.”可知此处Andrew说这是一条愚蠢的鱼,故选B.
2.D【解析】本题考查形容词辨析.句意:这是不公平的！unlucky不幸的;uncomfortable 不舒服的;unimportant不重要的;unfair不公平的.根据“Everyone has a pet dog”可知Andrew认为每个人都有宠物狗,但是他只有一条鱼,所以他认为这是不公平的,故选D.
3.D【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.句意:妈妈,我对鱼没什么意见.something某事;anything任何事;everything一切;nothing什么都没有.根据“They're perfectly fine animals.”可知此处Andrew对鱼是没有什么意见的,故选D.
4.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:当我进入我的房间时,它会向我打招呼.greet打招呼;respect尊敬;protect保护;lead引导.根据“But I want a pet that would do tricks and...me when I enter my room”可知Andrew希望进入房间时有宠物来迎接他,故选A.
5.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:然而,我得到的却是一条目光呆滞的鱼！So所以;Moreover而且;Instead相反;Otherwise否则.根据上文可知Andrew想要一只狗,但是最后得到的是鱼而不是狗,此处有转折含义,故选C.
6.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:“这是你唯一能养的宠物,”妈妈坚持说.insisted 坚持;added增添;asked问;doubted 怀疑.根据“It's the only pet that you can keep”可知妈妈固执己见,故选A.
7.C【解析】本题考查名词辨析.句意:突然,金鱼停止进食,从水箱的另一边游过来.box盒子;cage笼子;tank水箱;bag包.根据“He put it in the tank”可知金鱼从水箱另一边游过来,故选C.
8.A【解析】本题考查形容词辨析.句意:Andrew很惊讶.surprised惊讶的;unhappy不开心的;excited激动的;scared害怕的.根据“Did it know its name was Dog? Was it coming to me when i called?”可知Andrew 对此感到很惊讶,故选A.
9.B【解析】本题考查短语辨析.句意:不可能.No problem没问题;No way 不可能;No worry 不用担心;No hurry不着急.根据“Fish aren't that smart. Are they?”可知 Andrew认为鱼没有那么聪明,故选B
10.D【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:Andrew等着Dog再游一次,然后开始吃东西.forget 忘记;avoid 避免;stop停止;begin 开始.根据下文“It stopped eating at once” 可知此处是指鱼开始吃,故选D.
11.B【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:它立刻停止进食,游向Andrew.ran跑;swam游;walked走;jumped跳.结合语境可知鱼是在水箱里游,故选B.
12.B【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:经过一个月的练习,Dog可以游到一个小塑料球下面,把它拿回来,再把它推到水箱的顶部.pulling拉;pushing推;taking带走;turning转身.根据“by swimming under it and... it up to the top of the tank”可知Dog经过训练可以把塑料球推到水箱的顶部,故选B.
13.C【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:然后Andrew就可以把球扔回水中.off离开;away 远离;back返回;out外出.根据“Then Andrew could drop the ball...into the water.”可知Andrew把球扔回水里,故选C.
14.D【解析】本题考查频度副词辨析.句意:每当Andrew走进房间,Dog总是游上来,给他一个快乐的泡泡.never从不;seldom几乎不;sometimes 有时候;always总是.根据“Whenever”可推知金鱼总是会游上来,故选D.
15.A【解析】本题考查名词辨析.bubble气泡;bark吠叫;miaow喵;touch触摸.根据上文“a gentle bark or a miaow”可知Andrew想养狗或猫,因为想得到“bark”或“miaow”这样的迎接方式,但是他养了一条鱼,可知他得到的迎接方式是“气泡”,故选A.
专题专练
一、(2021·四川南充中考)
Yuan Longping, a Chinese scientist and educator, died at the age of 91 in Hunan last month. He was called the “Father of Hybrid Rice(杂交水稻)”and he helped 1 people around the world.
Yuan Longping was the first person to develop a kind of hybrid rice which helped fight 2 in China. Food was a big problem in China in the past. This was because China had 22 percent of the world's population, but only 7 percent of its 3 .In the 1960s,Chinese people had a difficult time. As an agronomy teacher, Yuan was very 4 to see this.“How can l help them have enough food?" he thought. He decided to work on a kind of hybrid rice. It has a high output(产量).
At that time, other scientists didn't think hybrid rice was worth 5 .But Yuan and his team worked on it every day. They took very good care of their rice seeds.
At last, in 1973, they grew a new kind of hybrid rice. This rice is 6 .Farmers can grow it in many different kinds of farmland and in bad 7 .It can also fight disease. Its output was much 8 than common kinds of rice. With the new kind, about 70,000,000 people could have food every year!
Yuan solved the food problem in China. But he was 9 working on rice when he was very old. Before he retired, he hoped to grow rice in the sea!
Yuan once said he had two dreams-to "enjoy the 10 under the rice crops(庄稼)taller than men" and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem.
1.A.support
B. guard
C. feed
D. educate
2.A.flood
B. hunger
C. earthquake
D. nature
3.A.farmland
B. mountains
C. grassland
D. forests
4.A.angry
B. interested
C. hopeful
D.sad
5.A.discussing
B. studying
C. eating
D. reporting
6.A.expensive
B. new
C. healthy
D .strong
7.A.sea
B. villages
C. weather
D. gardens
8.A.greater
B. smaller
C. less
D. slower
9.A.still
B. again
C. hardly
D. even
10.A.heat
B. cool
C. wealth
D. fame
答案:
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平事迹.上世纪六十年代,中国人民生活困难,作为农学老师的袁隆平深感痛心,他决定研究一种新型高产水稻.经过多年的培育和实验,终于在1973年他培育的杂交水稻获得成功,这种水稻高产、适应性强且抗病能力强,在很大程度上解决了我国人民的吃饭问题.
1.C【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:他被称为“杂交水稻之父”并帮助养活了世界各地的人.support 支持;guard保卫;feed喂养,养活;educate教育.
2.B【解析】本题考查名词辨析.flood洪灾;hunger饥饿;earthquake地震;nature自然.联系上下文可知,此处应是与饥饿作斗争.
3.A【解析】本题考查名词辨析.由上文句子“Food was a big problem in China in the past.”可知,这是因为中国人口占世界的22%,但农田只占7%.farmland农田,耕地;mountains大山;grassland草地;forests森林.
4.D【解析】本题考查形容词辨析.angry生气的;interested感兴趣的;hopeful有希望的;sad伤心的.由上一句中的“Chinese people had a difficult time.”可知,作为一名农学老师,袁隆平看到这种情况很难过.
5.B【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:那时其他科学家认为杂交水稻不值得研究.discussing谈论;studying 研究;eating吃;reporting报告.根据句意,studying符合语境.
6.D【解析】本题考查形容词辨析.expensive昂贵的;new新的;healthy健康的;strong强壮的.由下一句“Farmers can grow it in many different kinds of farmland and in bad...”可知这种水稻很强壮,在各种环境中都能生长.
7.C【解析】本题考查名词辨析.sea海;villages村庄;weather天气;gardens花园.由句意推断此处应和天气状况有关.
8.A【解析】本题考查形容词比较级辨析.greater更大的;smaller更小的;less更少的;slower更慢的.由下一句“With the new kind, about 70,000,000 people could have food every year!”和常识可知,杂交水稻的产量比普通水稻的产量大得多.
9.A【解析】本题考查副词辨析.句意:虽然袁隆平在很大程度上解决了中国人的吃饭问题,但他高龄时仍然在研究水稻.still仍然;again又,再;hardly几乎不;even甚至.still符合语境.
10.B【解析】本题考查名词辨析.句意:在比人高的水稻下面乘凉.heat热量;cool凉爽;wealth财富;fame名誉.cool符合语境.
二、(2021·湖南岳阳中考)
We all need food. But when you can't finish your meal, how do you 1 ?You might think that wasting 2 food isn't a big deal. The truth is that people in China waste 35 million tons of food each year. It's nearly one third of food waste in the world. As we all know, food waste becomes a 3 problem in China.
In order to 4 food waste, the government has started the “Clean Plate Campaign(运动)”. Especially in restaurants, we can see 5 of the “Clean Plate” on the wall. Many restaurants remind their customers that they shouldn't 6 too much food. According to the law passed in April, 2021,if the restaurants always mislead(误导)customers to order too many dishes, they will face a fine(罚款)．Restaurants in Wuhan have begun the N-1 system, which means groups of customers are supposed to order one fewer dish than the number of people in the group. For example, a group of 7 people can order 7 dishes at most. Most restaurants provide customers with free packing boxes(打包盒),and customers can use 8 to take the leftovers(剩饭剩菜)home.
Today, more and more people start to realize the importance of 9 food. Everyone should play a part in the “Clean Plate Campaign" and say 10 to food waste.
1.A.smell
B .taste
C. feel

2.A.a little
B. too many
C. much too

3.A.different
B. serious
C. safe

4.A.cut up
B. cut down
C. cut into

5.A.signs
B. clocks
C. tickets

6.A.mix
B. cook
C. order

7.A.6
B.7
C.8

8.A.them
B. us
C. you

9.A.wasting
B. saving
C. eating

10.A.yes
B. no
C. sorry

答案:
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文.本文主要介绍说明了中国人每年浪费食物的情况以及政府所启动的“光盘行动”及其效果.
1.C【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:但是当你吃不完饭的时候,你会有什么感觉?smell闻到; taste尝出·····的味道;feel感觉.根据后面的“You might think...”可知,此处用think的同义词,表示“觉得、认为”的feel.
2.A【解析】本题考查形容词和副词短语辨析.句意:浪费一点点食物没什么大不了.a little一点点;too many过多;much too太,非常.
3.B【解析】本题考查形容词辨析.different不同的;serious 严重的;safe安全的.根据空前说到“...people in China waste 35 million tons of food each year. It's nearly one third of food waste in the world.”并结合常识可知,中国食物浪费占了世界的三分之一,所以问题很严重.
4.B【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:为了减少食物浪费,政府开始了“光盘行动”.cut up 切碎;cut down减少;cut into 打断.根据“the government has started the 'Clean Plate Campaign( 运动)＇”可知,应该是为了减少浪费.
5.A【解析】本题考查名词辨析.句意:特别是在餐馆,我们在墙上可以看到“光盘”的标志. signs 标志;clooks钟;tickets票.根据空后的“Clean Plate”并结合常识可知,此处表示提示牌.
6.C【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:许多餐馆会提醒顾客不要点太多食物.mix混合;cook烹饪;order点菜.根据常识可知,在饭店的顾客应该是点菜.
7.A【解析】本题考查对文章中数字的理解.句意:例如,7人一组最多可以点6道菜.根据“Restaurants in Wuhan have begun the N-I system, which means groups of customers are supposed to order one fewer dish than the number of people in the group.”可知,武汉的一些餐馆已经开始实行N-1制,这意味着顾客应该比他们的人数少点一道菜,所以七个人最多点六道菜.
8.A【解析】本题考查代词辨析.句意:大多数餐馆都为顾客提供免费的打包盒,顾客可以用它们把剩饭剩菜打包回家.them他(它)们;us我们;you你们.分析句子结构可知,此处是指前面的packing boxes”,并在句子中充当宾语,所以用them.
9.B【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:今天,越来越多的人开始意识到节约粮食的重要性.wasting浪费;saving节省;eating吃.根据前文的语境可知,此处要表达节约粮食的重要性,用waste的反义词 saveo
10.B【解析】本题考查英语口语常用词辨析.句意:每个人都应该参与“光盘行动”,对食物浪费说不.yes是,同意;no反对;sorry抱歉.根据语境可知,此处表示要对食物浪费说“不”.
三、(2021·黑龙江绥化中考)
A young boy had many bad habits. His father was so 1 .He asked an old teacher for help. The teacher took the boy for a walk in the woods. While walking, he suddenly stopped and told the boy to pull out a small plant.
The boy held the plant and pulled it out 2 . The old man then asked him to pull out a little bigger one. The boy 3 hard and the plant came out, roots(根)and all.“Now pull that one out,” said the old man, looking at a small tree. The boy had to use all his strength(力气)to pull the 4 out. “Now pull that one out,” said the old man, 5 a big tree. The boy held the trunk(树干)and tried to pull it out. But it didn't move at all. “It's 6 ,” said the boy, out of breath.
“So they 7 bad habits,” said the teacher, “when they are small, it is easy 8 them out; but when they grow bigger, they cannot be pulled out.” The old man's words made a great difference to the boy's life.
What we can learn from the story is: Don't wait 9 bad habits to grow in you. 10 when you have control over them, or they will control you.
1.A.happy
B. worried
C. lazy

2.A.carefully
B. easily
C. nearly

3.A.brushed
B. discovered
C. tried

4.A.grass
B. tree
C. leaf

5.A.pointing at
B. cutting down
C. looking after

6.A.impolite
B. impossible
C. inconvenient

7.A.like
B. are like
C. look like

8.A.to pull
B. pull
C. pulling

9.A.until
B. of
C. for

10.A.Give them out
B. Give them up
C. Give them away

答案:
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文.文章先讲了一个小故事:一个小男孩有许多坏习惯,他的父亲很担忧,向一位老教师求助.老师带那个男孩在树林里散步,他叫男孩拔出一株小植物,男孩拔出来了.然后老人让他拔出一棵大一点的植物,男孩使劲拔了出来.然后老人让他拔一棵再大一点儿的小树,男孩用尽全力拔出了小树.最后让他拔一棵大树,男孩抱着树干想把它拔出来,但它一点也没动.我们从这个故事中学到的是:不要等待坏习惯在你身上滋生.当你能控制他们的时候就放弃他们,否则他们会反过来控制你.
1.B【解析】本题考查形容词辨析.happy高兴的;worried 担忧的;lazy懒惰的.由上句“A young boy had many bad habits.”可知,他的父亲很担忧.
2.B【解析】本题考查副词辨析.carefully细心地; easily容易地;nearly几乎.由上文“While walking, he suddenly stopped and told the boy to pull out a small plant.”可知,男孩拔那株小植物,很容易就把它拔了出来.
3.C【解析】本题考查动词辨析.brushed刷; discovered 发现;tried试图.由上句“The old man then asked him to pull out a little bigger one.”可知,拔一棵大一点的植物,男孩使劲地试了一下,拔了出来.
4.B【解析】本题考查名词辨析.grass草;tree树;leaf树叶.由上句“＇Now pull that one out,' said the old man, looking at a small tree.”可知,老人指的还是一棵树,故选tree.
5.A【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.pointing at指着;cutting down砍倒;looking after 照顾.由““Now pull that one out, 'said the old man,...a big tree.”可知,此处应表达“指着”.
6.B【解析】本题考查形容词辨析.impolite没礼貌的;impossible不可能的;inconvenient不方便的.由上句“The boy held the trunk(树干)and tried to pull it out. But it didn't move at all.”可知,此处应表达“拔出这棵树是不可能的”.
7.B【解析】本题考查动词辨析.like喜欢;are like 像;look like看起来像.联系上文可知,此处把让男孩拔出的植物比作坏习惯,句意为“所以它们就像坏习惯”,B项符合语境.
8.A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词.句意:当它们很小的时候,很容易把它们去掉.It's+形容词＋to do sth.为固定句式,意为“做某事是······的”.
9.C【解析】本题考查介词辨析.句意:我们从这个故事中学到的是:不要等待坏习惯在你身上滋生.wait for为固定短语,意为“等待”,符合句意.
10.B【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.give out分发;give up 放弃;give away 捐赠.根据后句“or they will control you”可知,当你能控制他们的时候就放弃他们吧,这里give up符合句意.