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高中英语-必修第三册-译林牛津版-UNIT 4 Section A（课件PPT）
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这是一份高中英语-必修第三册-译林牛津版-UNIT 4 Section A（课件PPT），共36页。
UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the worldSection A Welcome to the unit & Reading课文预习自测Ⅰ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案） 1. For what did Tu Youyou win 2015 Nobel Prize? A. What she had done to fight against malaria. B. The decreased death rate of malaria. C. Her accidental discovery of qinghaosu. D. Her contribution as the first female scientist. 2. What are the Paragraphs 3-5 mainly about? A. How complex the experiments were. B. Tu Youyou’s difficulties and solutions. C. The assistance Tu Youyou got from her teammates. D. Lack of resources didn’t prevent the success of the scientist. ○○3. What can we learn from the text? A. Tu Youyou thinks highly of traditional Chinese medicine. B. Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize. C. The trials on real patients were postponed for their unwillingness. D. The discovery of qinghaosu is mainly due to the inspiration of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. 4. Which of the following best describes Tu Youyou and her team? A. Fortunate and energetic. B. Patient and responsible. C. Reliable and stubborn. D. Wise and determined. ○○Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式） Tu Youyou is the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China 1__________（win） the Nobel Prize for her achievement against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history. She discovered qinghaosu， greatly 2__________ （reduce） the death rate of malaria patients. Tu，3__________ majored in medicine at university and completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine after graduation，has 4__________ good knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Tu’s education helped her a lot. When Tu led a research team in 1969 to find a cure for the disease，she 5___________（inspire） to consult the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine when they failed to achieve any of the 6__________（expect） results. In 1971，after 190 failures，she successfully made qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. She then overcame the difficulty of extracting qinghao 7__________ large quantities due to limited resources. Working day and night 8__________（weak） their health but not shook their resolve. 9__________（late）， the trials on real patients might be delayed because they did not master enough data. Tu and her team members volunteered to first test the qinghao extract on themselves. The efforts of Tu and her team 10__________ （eventual） paid off when they successfully isolated qinghaosu in 1972，benefiting about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years later，Tu was awarded a Nobel Prize. In her Nobel Lecture，she encouraged scientists to explore traditional Chinese medicine and take it to new heights.to winreducingwhoawas inspiredexpectedinweakenedLatereventually核心词汇教材原句p.44 ...one of the deadliest diseases in human history. ……人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。1 deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的；极度的deadly enemies 不共戴天的敌人Belcheri sea snake is one of the deadliest snakes in the world. 贝尔彻海蛇是世界上最致命的毒蛇之一。【词语积累】dead adj. 死的，无生命的，麻木的，死气沉沉的die vi. 死亡，灭亡；枯萎；消失 death n. 死，死亡；毁灭【归纳拓展】burn/starve to death 烧死/ 饿死 be bored/scared/ frightened to death 无聊得/ 吓得要死 题组练·领悟方法完成句子（1）To defeat cholera， （当时一种致命的疾病），was a real challenge to many scientists. （2）Wearing a uniform，he stood before the statue in memory of _____________________ （已故英雄）. 单句语法填空（3）［词汇复现］He didn’t want to be attacked. This was why he published his ideas before his __________（die）. a deadly disease of its daydeaththe dead hero 教材原句p.44 Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu ，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 由于她发现了青蒿素，全世界疟疾患者的生存机会大大增加。2 survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物A lot of small companies are at risk and they have to fight for survival. 很多小公司处境危险，它们不得不为生存而拼搏。Illegal hunting is threatening the survival of the species. 非法狩猎正威胁着物种的存在。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】survive v. 活下来，幸存 survivor n. 幸存者，生还者【学法点拨】 v.+-al → n. survive → survival 幸存 refuse → refusal 拒绝arrive → arrival 到达 approve → approval 赞成 单句语法填空（1）Man must also follow the law of nature： （survive） of the fittest. （2）［词汇复现］The workers built shelters for those who （survive） the terrible earthquake. （3）［词汇复现］The （survive） in the disaster were rescued right away. 完成句子（4）Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for _____________________________（地震中的幸存者）. （5）Human life is regarded as part of nature and （我们生存的唯一方式） is to live in harmony with nature. survivalsurvivedsurvivorssurvivors in an earthquake the only way for us to survive教材原句p.44 ...Tu became head of a team that intended to nd a cure for the disease. ……屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。3 intend vi. & vt. 想要，计划；意指 intend to do/ doing sth. 打算 / 想要做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 be intended for 专为……准备 / 设计的They intend to launch a campaign to raise money. 他们打算发起一场募捐活动。The headmaster intended Jim to deliver a speech in front of the whole school. 校长打算让吉姆在全校师生面前做演讲。［词汇复现］ The book is intended for specialists in linguistics. 这本书是专为语言学专家写的。【误区警示】had intended to do sth. 意为“本打算做某事”，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。有这种用法的词还有 plan，hope，think，expect，mean 等。 完成句子（1）The book as well as the flowers （专为……准备） my mother，but my father thought they were for him and took them. （2）I didn’t （打算让她看到） the painting until it was finished. （3）This medicine （是为了让孩子）free of sickness. 单句语法填空（4）I （intend）to come，but was prevented by the bad weather. was intended forintend her to seeis intended to keep childrenhad intended教材原句p.45 ...Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. ……屠呦呦再次去查阅历代中医药典籍。4 refer to （1）指的是，涉及，与……相关“The True North”refers to a train that crosses the whole continent. “真北方号”指的是穿越整个大陆的一列火车。［词汇复现］ （2）提到，谈到搭配：refer to... as... 称……为…… They agreed never to refer to the matter again. 他们同意永远不再提这件事了。He likes to be referred to as “Doctor Khee”. 他喜欢别人叫他“基博士”。（3）查阅，参考He made the speech without referring to his notes.他脱稿发表了演讲。【归纳拓展】refer to/turn to/consult the dictionary 查词典 look up...in the dictionary 在词典中查阅…… 写出句中refer to 的含义（1）I was not referring to her when I said so. （2）Now that the boy has been punished，please don’t refer to that matter again. （3）The teacher asked us not to refer to our books or dictionaries when we were in the exam. 完成句子（4）Instead of （查词典），I always try to guess the meanings of the new words in the passage. 指的是提到查阅，参考referring to/ turning to the dictionary教材原句p.45 ...Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature... ……屠呦呦重新设计了实验，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿…… 5 experiment n. 实验；试验 vi. 进行实验/ 试验 do/carry out an experiment 做实验 perform/conduct an experiment 进行实验 by experiment 通过实验 laboratory experiments 实验室实验 field experiments 现场实验 experiment with/on 用……做实验These experiments showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. 这些实验表明我们的生物钟受光和温度的影响。Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals. 科学家还在试验克隆哺乳动物。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】experimental adj. 实验的，实验性的 完成句子（1）In a recent study，professors in Peking University _______________________________ ________________ （进行了一些实验）. （2） （用……做实验） materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. 单句语法填空（3）［词汇复现］You can never be too careful while （experiment） with electronic devices. （4）A strict conclusion must be proved experiment. experimentsperformed/conducted someExperimenting withexperimentingby教材原句p.45 ...because research resources were limited. 由于研究资源有限…… 6 limited adj. 有限的limited resources 有限的资源 She dressed up in the limited time.她在有限的时间里装扮完毕。My life is limited，but learning is limitless. 吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。【词语积累】limit vt. 限制，限定 n.［C］限度，限制； 限量 limit... to... 把……限制在……，局限于…… within limits 在某种程度上；有一定限制 without limit 无限制地set a limit on... 设定的……限度 There is a/no limit to... ……是有/ 无限度的。a time/speed/age limit 时间/ 速度/ 年龄限制You must limit the speed of your car where people gather together. 在人们聚集的地方，你必须限制车速。The damage was limited to the roof.只有屋顶受到了损坏。［词汇复现］ We set a limit on how much we spend on clothes. 我们给服装的开支设定了一个限额。There’s no limit to what you can do if you try. 如果你努力的话，成就无可限量。 单句语法填空（1）We are doing our best with the （limit）resources available. （2）Just like a voyage at sea，our life journey， whose days are （limit），is full of difficulties. （3）I have been asked to limit my speech ten minutes. （4）There is a limit to one’s life，but no limit to （serve）the people. 完成句子（5）The teaching of history should not （局限于）dates and figures. （6）I think we ought to （严格限制）the amount of time we can spend on the project. limitedlimitedtoservingbe limited to set a strict limit on教材原句p.45 The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。7 postpone vt. 延迟；延期（同义短语：put off） postpone doing sth 推迟做某事 postpone sth. until... 把某事推迟至…… postpone for five months 延期五个月postpone to Wednesday 推迟到星期三The game has been postponed three times.比赛已经三度延期了。They have decided to postpone having a baby for a while. 他们决定推迟一段时间要孩子。We will have to postpone the meeting until/to next week. 我们不得不将会议推迟到下星期。 完成句子（1）Let’s （推迟做决定） until we have more information. （2）The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting （将会被推迟）. 单句语法填空（3）The game was interrupted by rain，so they had no alternative but （postpone） it. postpone making a decisionwould be postponed to postpone8 sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的 be sufficient to do sth. 足以做某事 be sufficient for... 对……来说足够sufficient experience 足够的经验 sufficient money 足够的钱A handful of foreign coins are often not sufficient to buy much from the duty-free shop.一把外国硬币在免税商店往往不够买太多东西。Despite the poor service of the hotel，the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff. 虽然宾馆的服务很差，但经理仍然不愿意投资对员工进行充分的培训。【词语积累】sufficiently adv. 足够地，充足地 单句语法填空（1）The money is not sufficient （cover） everything that needs doing. （2）Is ￡100 sufficient your expenses? （3）I hadn’t trained （sufficient）for the conference. 完成句子（4）Three dictionaries （对……来说是足够的）a first-grade pupil. to coverforsufficientlyare sufficient for教材原句p.45 To speed up the process and ensure its safety... 为了加快进程并确保安全…… 9 speed up 加速（反义短语：slow down 减速，慢下来） Dad stepped on the gas and the car sped up to 100 kph. 爸爸一踩油门，车速提至每小时 100 千米。Please speed up，or you will lose sight of the car you are following. 请加速，要不然你就看不见你跟踪的汽车了。Can you try and speed things up a bit? 你能不能设法加快一点事情的进度？ 【归纳拓展】at a speed of 以……的速度 at high/low/full/top speed 以高速/ 低速/ 全速/ 最高速a speed limit/restriction 速度限制 pick up/gain/gather speed 加速speed by（时间）很快地过去，飞逝【学法点拨】speed 的过去式和过去分词分别是 sped，sped 或speeded，speeded。 单句语法填空（1）They are broadening the bridge to speed the flow of traffic. （2）Two months had sped before he knew. （3）［词汇复现］Even low speed，an accident could mean serious injury for a child. 用 speed 短语完成短文（4）［词汇复现］Tom is a cautious driver. Most of the time，he drives his car ______________ （以……的速度）40 kilometers per hour. But this morning there was an injured man in his car，so he gradually ______________（加速） and after a while，he began to drive his car ______________（以全速） to send the injured man to the nearest hospital. upbyatat a speed ofsped upat full speed教材原句p.45 The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。10 pay off （1）得到好结果，取得成功Sandra selected to become a doctor and her determination paid off. 桑德拉选择成为一名医生，她的决心得到了回报。（2）偿清，付清Five years later，2018 to be exact，Mr. Wang paid off the debt of his house. 五年后，确切地说是2018 年，王先生还清了买房子的债务。（3）付清工资后解雇The affair indicates that more employees will be paid off before long. 这一事件表明不久后会有更多的雇员在付清工资后被解雇。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】pay off 意为“得到好结果，取得成功”时，物作主语；意为“偿清”时， 人作主语。【归纳拓展】pay back 偿还，报复 pay down （分期或部分）支付，偿还pay up 付清全部欠款 pay for 为……付钱，为……付出代价 写出句中pay off 的含义（1）— Dad，I don’t think Oliver the right sort of a person for the job. — I see. I will go right away and pay him off. （2）My nephew started a new life in Italy despite many hardships，and his hard work finally paid off. （3）We will have more money to spend after we pay off our debt. 完成句子（4）Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to （为……付钱）it. （5）The athlete’s years of hard training （得到回报）when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. 付清工资后解雇 得到好结果偿清 pay forpaid off 教材原句p.45 In November 1972，through trial and error，they successfully discovered qinghaosu ...通过反复试验， 1972 年11 月，他们成功地发现了青蒿素…… 11 error n. 错误，差错admit an error 承认错误 correct an error 改正错误avoid an error 避免错误 make an error 犯错误 fall into error 误入歧途 point out an error 指出错误through trial and error 反复试验The accident was caused by human error. 这宗事故是由人为过失造成的。Here in the day of digital，this is a simple task that can be achieved through trial and error. 在数字化的时代，这是一项很容易通过反复试验完成的任务。 单句语法填空（1）The accident was caused by error of judgment on the part of the pilot. （2）It’s proof that humans can build a fully functioning ecosystem simply trial and error. 完成句子（3） （通过反复试验）， I have found an easy way of making sure that even the smallest detail is taken care of. anthroughThrough trial and error教材原句p.45 ...will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. ……将发现更多有益于全球医疗保健的药物。12 beneficial adj. 有益的；受益的搭配：be beneficial to 对……有益It is beneficial to eyesight to do eye exercises. 做眼保健操对视力有益。【归纳拓展】benefit v. 使受益；得益于 n. 益处，好处 benefit from/by 从……中受益，受益于…… for the benefit of 为了……的利益 【学法点拨】be beneficial to = be of benefit to = benefit 对……有益Sunlight is beneficial to plants. Sunlight is of benefit to plants. Sunlight benefits plants. Plants benefit from sunlight. 阳光对植物有益。单句语法填空（1）The new hospital will be （benefit） to the local poor people. （2）It is evident that kids can benefit reading large quantities of books. 完成句子（3）China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals （为了…… 的利益）all of its citizens. 一句多译（4）多读书对我们有益。 _____________________________________（beneficial） _____________________________________（benefit vt.） _____________________________________（be of benefit） _____________________________________（benefit from/by）beneficialfromfor the benefit ofReading a lot is beneficial to us.Reading a lot benefits us.Reading a lot is of benefit to us.We benefit from/by reading a lot.教材原句p.47 Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally pay off. 他们在这两个领域进行研究的努力可能最终得到回报。13 conduct v. & n. （1）v. 指挥；管理；主持；实施；表现 conduct oneself well/badly 表现好/ 差 conduct an orchestra/a choir 指挥管弦乐队/ 合唱团 conduct the company/interview 管理公司/ 主持面试 conduct （=carry out） a survey/an investigation 开展调查 conduct （=carry out） an experiment 做实验 What annoyed his parents was that he didn’t conduct himself well at the party. 令他父母恼火的是他在聚会上举止不当。A lot of research is being conducted in this area. 很多研究工作正在这个领域内开展。（2）n. 行为，举止，品行the rules of conduct 行为准则 improper/violent/offensive conduct 不恰当的/ 暴力的/无礼的行为【词语积累】conductor n. 指挥；售票员 完成句子（1）It’s not suitable for you to （举止不雅）on such an occasion. （2） （考虑到他的行为），his parents forbade him to go out alone. （3）［词汇复现］I decided to （进行一项实验） to prove my theory concerning learning efficiency. 单句语法填空（4）［词汇复现］Experiments of this kind （conduct） in both the U. S. and Europe well before the Second World War. （5）She ranks first among the country’s leading （conduct）. conduct yourself badlyIn view of his conduct conduct an experimenthad been conductedconductors重点句式 教材原句p.44 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize... 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家…… 【句式分析】不定式短语to receive a Nobel Prize 作scientist 的后置定语。1 the first + n. + to do 第一个做……的…… 当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。Jane Goodall was the first woman to study the connections between chimps and human beings. 珍·古道尔是第一位研究黑猩猩与人类之间联系的女性。【学法点拨】不定式作后置定语的其他情况： （ 1）被修饰词被形容词最高级或the only，the very，the right等修饰时； （2）表示将来的动作时，常用不定式作后置定语； （ 3）名词ability，chance，promise，opportunity，wish 等常用不定式作后置定语。He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。I have good news to tell you. 我有好消息要告诉你。Please give me a chance to explain. 请给我一个解释的机会。 单句语法填空（1）That is the only way we can imagine （reduce）the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. （2）He is always the first （come） and the last （leave）. （3）He was the first specialist （go） abroad for further education. （4）Volunteering gives you a chance （change）lives，including your own. （5）［词汇复现］I was the first Western TV reporter permitted （film） a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. to reduceto come to leaveto goto changeto film教材原句p.47 However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu ... 然而，直到20 世纪70 年代，屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素…… 【句式分析】该句式是not...until...用于强调句中。2 It’s not until...that... 直到……才…… It was not until I got back to my apartment that I came across my new neighbors. 当我回到我的公寓时，我才见到了我的新邻居。It was not until it got dark that I left. 直到天黑我才离开。It was not until 11 o’clock last night that my father returned. 我父亲昨天晚上直到 11 点才回来。It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到我来到这里，我才意识到这个地方不仅因为它的美丽而且因为它的天气而出名。【归纳拓展】not...until... 有三种句型，即正常语序、倒装语序和强调句型。The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. It was not until the child fell asleep that the mother left the room. 直到孩子睡着了，母亲才离开房间。单句语法填空（1）They didn’t encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas __________ recently. （2）［2018·浙江卷］I was performing this action of waiting it later became a habit. （3）It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 完成句子（4）Bach died in 1750，but （直到20 世纪早期） his music gift was fully recognized.（强调句） （5）Not until he retired from teaching three years ago （他才考虑） having a holiday abroad.（倒装句） untiluntilthatit was not until the early 19th century thatdid he consider
UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the worldSection A Welcome to the unit & Reading课文预习自测Ⅰ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案） 1. For what did Tu Youyou win 2015 Nobel Prize? A. What she had done to fight against malaria. B. The decreased death rate of malaria. C. Her accidental discovery of qinghaosu. D. Her contribution as the first female scientist. 2. What are the Paragraphs 3-5 mainly about? A. How complex the experiments were. B. Tu Youyou’s difficulties and solutions. C. The assistance Tu Youyou got from her teammates. D. Lack of resources didn’t prevent the success of the scientist. ○○3. What can we learn from the text? A. Tu Youyou thinks highly of traditional Chinese medicine. B. Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize. C. The trials on real patients were postponed for their unwillingness. D. The discovery of qinghaosu is mainly due to the inspiration of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. 4. Which of the following best describes Tu Youyou and her team? A. Fortunate and energetic. B. Patient and responsible. C. Reliable and stubborn. D. Wise and determined. ○○Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式） Tu Youyou is the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China 1__________（win） the Nobel Prize for her achievement against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history. She discovered qinghaosu， greatly 2__________ （reduce） the death rate of malaria patients. Tu，3__________ majored in medicine at university and completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine after graduation，has 4__________ good knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Tu’s education helped her a lot. When Tu led a research team in 1969 to find a cure for the disease，she 5___________（inspire） to consult the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine when they failed to achieve any of the 6__________（expect） results. In 1971，after 190 failures，she successfully made qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. She then overcame the difficulty of extracting qinghao 7__________ large quantities due to limited resources. Working day and night 8__________（weak） their health but not shook their resolve. 9__________（late）， the trials on real patients might be delayed because they did not master enough data. Tu and her team members volunteered to first test the qinghao extract on themselves. The efforts of Tu and her team 10__________ （eventual） paid off when they successfully isolated qinghaosu in 1972，benefiting about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years later，Tu was awarded a Nobel Prize. In her Nobel Lecture，she encouraged scientists to explore traditional Chinese medicine and take it to new heights.to winreducingwhoawas inspiredexpectedinweakenedLatereventually核心词汇教材原句p.44 ...one of the deadliest diseases in human history. ……人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。1 deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的；极度的deadly enemies 不共戴天的敌人Belcheri sea snake is one of the deadliest snakes in the world. 贝尔彻海蛇是世界上最致命的毒蛇之一。【词语积累】dead adj. 死的，无生命的，麻木的，死气沉沉的die vi. 死亡，灭亡；枯萎；消失 death n. 死，死亡；毁灭【归纳拓展】burn/starve to death 烧死/ 饿死 be bored/scared/ frightened to death 无聊得/ 吓得要死 题组练·领悟方法完成句子（1）To defeat cholera， （当时一种致命的疾病），was a real challenge to many scientists. （2）Wearing a uniform，he stood before the statue in memory of _____________________ （已故英雄）. 单句语法填空（3）［词汇复现］He didn’t want to be attacked. This was why he published his ideas before his __________（die）. a deadly disease of its daydeaththe dead hero 教材原句p.44 Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu ，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 由于她发现了青蒿素，全世界疟疾患者的生存机会大大增加。2 survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物A lot of small companies are at risk and they have to fight for survival. 很多小公司处境危险，它们不得不为生存而拼搏。Illegal hunting is threatening the survival of the species. 非法狩猎正威胁着物种的存在。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】survive v. 活下来，幸存 survivor n. 幸存者，生还者【学法点拨】 v.+-al → n. survive → survival 幸存 refuse → refusal 拒绝arrive → arrival 到达 approve → approval 赞成 单句语法填空（1）Man must also follow the law of nature： （survive） of the fittest. （2）［词汇复现］The workers built shelters for those who （survive） the terrible earthquake. （3）［词汇复现］The （survive） in the disaster were rescued right away. 完成句子（4）Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for _____________________________（地震中的幸存者）. （5）Human life is regarded as part of nature and （我们生存的唯一方式） is to live in harmony with nature. survivalsurvivedsurvivorssurvivors in an earthquake the only way for us to survive教材原句p.44 ...Tu became head of a team that intended to nd a cure for the disease. ……屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。3 intend vi. & vt. 想要，计划；意指 intend to do/ doing sth. 打算 / 想要做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 be intended for 专为……准备 / 设计的They intend to launch a campaign to raise money. 他们打算发起一场募捐活动。The headmaster intended Jim to deliver a speech in front of the whole school. 校长打算让吉姆在全校师生面前做演讲。［词汇复现］ The book is intended for specialists in linguistics. 这本书是专为语言学专家写的。【误区警示】had intended to do sth. 意为“本打算做某事”，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。有这种用法的词还有 plan，hope，think，expect，mean 等。 完成句子（1）The book as well as the flowers （专为……准备） my mother，but my father thought they were for him and took them. （2）I didn’t （打算让她看到） the painting until it was finished. （3）This medicine （是为了让孩子）free of sickness. 单句语法填空（4）I （intend）to come，but was prevented by the bad weather. was intended forintend her to seeis intended to keep childrenhad intended教材原句p.45 ...Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. ……屠呦呦再次去查阅历代中医药典籍。4 refer to （1）指的是，涉及，与……相关“The True North”refers to a train that crosses the whole continent. “真北方号”指的是穿越整个大陆的一列火车。［词汇复现］ （2）提到，谈到搭配：refer to... as... 称……为…… They agreed never to refer to the matter again. 他们同意永远不再提这件事了。He likes to be referred to as “Doctor Khee”. 他喜欢别人叫他“基博士”。（3）查阅，参考He made the speech without referring to his notes.他脱稿发表了演讲。【归纳拓展】refer to/turn to/consult the dictionary 查词典 look up...in the dictionary 在词典中查阅…… 写出句中refer to 的含义（1）I was not referring to her when I said so. （2）Now that the boy has been punished，please don’t refer to that matter again. （3）The teacher asked us not to refer to our books or dictionaries when we were in the exam. 完成句子（4）Instead of （查词典），I always try to guess the meanings of the new words in the passage. 指的是提到查阅，参考referring to/ turning to the dictionary教材原句p.45 ...Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature... ……屠呦呦重新设计了实验，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿…… 5 experiment n. 实验；试验 vi. 进行实验/ 试验 do/carry out an experiment 做实验 perform/conduct an experiment 进行实验 by experiment 通过实验 laboratory experiments 实验室实验 field experiments 现场实验 experiment with/on 用……做实验These experiments showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. 这些实验表明我们的生物钟受光和温度的影响。Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals. 科学家还在试验克隆哺乳动物。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】experimental adj. 实验的，实验性的 完成句子（1）In a recent study，professors in Peking University _______________________________ ________________ （进行了一些实验）. （2） （用……做实验） materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. 单句语法填空（3）［词汇复现］You can never be too careful while （experiment） with electronic devices. （4）A strict conclusion must be proved experiment. experimentsperformed/conducted someExperimenting withexperimentingby教材原句p.45 ...because research resources were limited. 由于研究资源有限…… 6 limited adj. 有限的limited resources 有限的资源 She dressed up in the limited time.她在有限的时间里装扮完毕。My life is limited，but learning is limitless. 吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。【词语积累】limit vt. 限制，限定 n.［C］限度，限制； 限量 limit... to... 把……限制在……，局限于…… within limits 在某种程度上；有一定限制 without limit 无限制地set a limit on... 设定的……限度 There is a/no limit to... ……是有/ 无限度的。a time/speed/age limit 时间/ 速度/ 年龄限制You must limit the speed of your car where people gather together. 在人们聚集的地方，你必须限制车速。The damage was limited to the roof.只有屋顶受到了损坏。［词汇复现］ We set a limit on how much we spend on clothes. 我们给服装的开支设定了一个限额。There’s no limit to what you can do if you try. 如果你努力的话，成就无可限量。 单句语法填空（1）We are doing our best with the （limit）resources available. （2）Just like a voyage at sea，our life journey， whose days are （limit），is full of difficulties. （3）I have been asked to limit my speech ten minutes. （4）There is a limit to one’s life，but no limit to （serve）the people. 完成句子（5）The teaching of history should not （局限于）dates and figures. （6）I think we ought to （严格限制）the amount of time we can spend on the project. limitedlimitedtoservingbe limited to set a strict limit on教材原句p.45 The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。7 postpone vt. 延迟；延期（同义短语：put off） postpone doing sth 推迟做某事 postpone sth. until... 把某事推迟至…… postpone for five months 延期五个月postpone to Wednesday 推迟到星期三The game has been postponed three times.比赛已经三度延期了。They have decided to postpone having a baby for a while. 他们决定推迟一段时间要孩子。We will have to postpone the meeting until/to next week. 我们不得不将会议推迟到下星期。 完成句子（1）Let’s （推迟做决定） until we have more information. （2）The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting （将会被推迟）. 单句语法填空（3）The game was interrupted by rain，so they had no alternative but （postpone） it. postpone making a decisionwould be postponed to postpone8 sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的 be sufficient to do sth. 足以做某事 be sufficient for... 对……来说足够sufficient experience 足够的经验 sufficient money 足够的钱A handful of foreign coins are often not sufficient to buy much from the duty-free shop.一把外国硬币在免税商店往往不够买太多东西。Despite the poor service of the hotel，the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff. 虽然宾馆的服务很差，但经理仍然不愿意投资对员工进行充分的培训。【词语积累】sufficiently adv. 足够地，充足地 单句语法填空（1）The money is not sufficient （cover） everything that needs doing. （2）Is ￡100 sufficient your expenses? （3）I hadn’t trained （sufficient）for the conference. 完成句子（4）Three dictionaries （对……来说是足够的）a first-grade pupil. to coverforsufficientlyare sufficient for教材原句p.45 To speed up the process and ensure its safety... 为了加快进程并确保安全…… 9 speed up 加速（反义短语：slow down 减速，慢下来） Dad stepped on the gas and the car sped up to 100 kph. 爸爸一踩油门，车速提至每小时 100 千米。Please speed up，or you will lose sight of the car you are following. 请加速，要不然你就看不见你跟踪的汽车了。Can you try and speed things up a bit? 你能不能设法加快一点事情的进度？ 【归纳拓展】at a speed of 以……的速度 at high/low/full/top speed 以高速/ 低速/ 全速/ 最高速a speed limit/restriction 速度限制 pick up/gain/gather speed 加速speed by（时间）很快地过去，飞逝【学法点拨】speed 的过去式和过去分词分别是 sped，sped 或speeded，speeded。 单句语法填空（1）They are broadening the bridge to speed the flow of traffic. （2）Two months had sped before he knew. （3）［词汇复现］Even low speed，an accident could mean serious injury for a child. 用 speed 短语完成短文（4）［词汇复现］Tom is a cautious driver. Most of the time，he drives his car ______________ （以……的速度）40 kilometers per hour. But this morning there was an injured man in his car，so he gradually ______________（加速） and after a while，he began to drive his car ______________（以全速） to send the injured man to the nearest hospital. upbyatat a speed ofsped upat full speed教材原句p.45 The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。10 pay off （1）得到好结果，取得成功Sandra selected to become a doctor and her determination paid off. 桑德拉选择成为一名医生，她的决心得到了回报。（2）偿清，付清Five years later，2018 to be exact，Mr. Wang paid off the debt of his house. 五年后，确切地说是2018 年，王先生还清了买房子的债务。（3）付清工资后解雇The affair indicates that more employees will be paid off before long. 这一事件表明不久后会有更多的雇员在付清工资后被解雇。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】pay off 意为“得到好结果，取得成功”时，物作主语；意为“偿清”时， 人作主语。【归纳拓展】pay back 偿还，报复 pay down （分期或部分）支付，偿还pay up 付清全部欠款 pay for 为……付钱，为……付出代价 写出句中pay off 的含义（1）— Dad，I don’t think Oliver the right sort of a person for the job. — I see. I will go right away and pay him off. （2）My nephew started a new life in Italy despite many hardships，and his hard work finally paid off. （3）We will have more money to spend after we pay off our debt. 完成句子（4）Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to （为……付钱）it. （5）The athlete’s years of hard training （得到回报）when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. 付清工资后解雇 得到好结果偿清 pay forpaid off 教材原句p.45 In November 1972，through trial and error，they successfully discovered qinghaosu ...通过反复试验， 1972 年11 月，他们成功地发现了青蒿素…… 11 error n. 错误，差错admit an error 承认错误 correct an error 改正错误avoid an error 避免错误 make an error 犯错误 fall into error 误入歧途 point out an error 指出错误through trial and error 反复试验The accident was caused by human error. 这宗事故是由人为过失造成的。Here in the day of digital，this is a simple task that can be achieved through trial and error. 在数字化的时代，这是一项很容易通过反复试验完成的任务。 单句语法填空（1）The accident was caused by error of judgment on the part of the pilot. （2）It’s proof that humans can build a fully functioning ecosystem simply trial and error. 完成句子（3） （通过反复试验）， I have found an easy way of making sure that even the smallest detail is taken care of. anthroughThrough trial and error教材原句p.45 ...will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. ……将发现更多有益于全球医疗保健的药物。12 beneficial adj. 有益的；受益的搭配：be beneficial to 对……有益It is beneficial to eyesight to do eye exercises. 做眼保健操对视力有益。【归纳拓展】benefit v. 使受益；得益于 n. 益处，好处 benefit from/by 从……中受益，受益于…… for the benefit of 为了……的利益 【学法点拨】be beneficial to = be of benefit to = benefit 对……有益Sunlight is beneficial to plants. Sunlight is of benefit to plants. Sunlight benefits plants. Plants benefit from sunlight. 阳光对植物有益。单句语法填空（1）The new hospital will be （benefit） to the local poor people. （2）It is evident that kids can benefit reading large quantities of books. 完成句子（3）China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals （为了…… 的利益）all of its citizens. 一句多译（4）多读书对我们有益。 _____________________________________（beneficial） _____________________________________（benefit vt.） _____________________________________（be of benefit） _____________________________________（benefit from/by）beneficialfromfor the benefit ofReading a lot is beneficial to us.Reading a lot benefits us.Reading a lot is of benefit to us.We benefit from/by reading a lot.教材原句p.47 Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally pay off. 他们在这两个领域进行研究的努力可能最终得到回报。13 conduct v. & n. （1）v. 指挥；管理；主持；实施；表现 conduct oneself well/badly 表现好/ 差 conduct an orchestra/a choir 指挥管弦乐队/ 合唱团 conduct the company/interview 管理公司/ 主持面试 conduct （=carry out） a survey/an investigation 开展调查 conduct （=carry out） an experiment 做实验 What annoyed his parents was that he didn’t conduct himself well at the party. 令他父母恼火的是他在聚会上举止不当。A lot of research is being conducted in this area. 很多研究工作正在这个领域内开展。（2）n. 行为，举止，品行the rules of conduct 行为准则 improper/violent/offensive conduct 不恰当的/ 暴力的/无礼的行为【词语积累】conductor n. 指挥；售票员 完成句子（1）It’s not suitable for you to （举止不雅）on such an occasion. （2） （考虑到他的行为），his parents forbade him to go out alone. （3）［词汇复现］I decided to （进行一项实验） to prove my theory concerning learning efficiency. 单句语法填空（4）［词汇复现］Experiments of this kind （conduct） in both the U. S. and Europe well before the Second World War. （5）She ranks first among the country’s leading （conduct）. conduct yourself badlyIn view of his conduct conduct an experimenthad been conductedconductors重点句式 教材原句p.44 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize... 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家…… 【句式分析】不定式短语to receive a Nobel Prize 作scientist 的后置定语。1 the first + n. + to do 第一个做……的…… 当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。Jane Goodall was the first woman to study the connections between chimps and human beings. 珍·古道尔是第一位研究黑猩猩与人类之间联系的女性。【学法点拨】不定式作后置定语的其他情况： （ 1）被修饰词被形容词最高级或the only，the very，the right等修饰时； （2）表示将来的动作时，常用不定式作后置定语； （ 3）名词ability，chance，promise，opportunity，wish 等常用不定式作后置定语。He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。I have good news to tell you. 我有好消息要告诉你。Please give me a chance to explain. 请给我一个解释的机会。 单句语法填空（1）That is the only way we can imagine （reduce）the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. （2）He is always the first （come） and the last （leave）. （3）He was the first specialist （go） abroad for further education. （4）Volunteering gives you a chance （change）lives，including your own. （5）［词汇复现］I was the first Western TV reporter permitted （film） a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. to reduceto come to leaveto goto changeto film教材原句p.47 However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu ... 然而，直到20 世纪70 年代，屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素…… 【句式分析】该句式是not...until...用于强调句中。2 It’s not until...that... 直到……才…… It was not until I got back to my apartment that I came across my new neighbors. 当我回到我的公寓时，我才见到了我的新邻居。It was not until it got dark that I left. 直到天黑我才离开。It was not until 11 o’clock last night that my father returned. 我父亲昨天晚上直到 11 点才回来。It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到我来到这里，我才意识到这个地方不仅因为它的美丽而且因为它的天气而出名。【归纳拓展】not...until... 有三种句型，即正常语序、倒装语序和强调句型。The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. It was not until the child fell asleep that the mother left the room. 直到孩子睡着了，母亲才离开房间。单句语法填空（1）They didn’t encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas __________ recently. （2）［2018·浙江卷］I was performing this action of waiting it later became a habit. （3）It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 完成句子（4）Bach died in 1750，but （直到20 世纪早期） his music gift was fully recognized.（强调句） （5）Not until he retired from teaching three years ago （他才考虑） having a holiday abroad.（倒装句） untiluntilthatit was not until the early 19th century thatdid he consider
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