高中英语-必修第三册-译林牛津版-UNIT 4 Section D（课件PPT）

UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the worldSection D　Extended reading & Project课文预习自测Ⅰ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案） 1. What does the word “evil” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Crime. B. Impact. C. Mistake. D. Disadvantage. 2. When we make things beneficial to human beings， whose credit is it? A. Merely our moral choice. B. The great power of science. C. The instructions of applying science. D. Science itself and the moral position in favor of mankind. ○○3. What can we learn from the text? A. People should avoid ignorance in science. B. Mystery can lead to strangeness in science. C. Poets and dreamers have the wildest imaginations. D. Some kinds of science represents destruction to humans. 4. What is the main idea of the last two paragraphs? A. Ignorance and uncertainty are essential in science. B. Great progress in science is the fruit of freedom of thought. C. The struggle against authority is important to scientific progress. D. Our freedom to doubt should be ensured. ○○Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式） The consequences of science are not always good. Sometimes they represent the destruction of human beings and society，putting our future 1　　　　 danger. I’ve been thinking about a question. What is the value of science that I have always loved and worked for? 　　The first value of science is well-known：scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. When people use science for good，the credit goes not only to the science 2　　　　（it），but also to the moral choices that guide us. Scientific knowledge carries no application criteria of its own，and the value of its huge power may 3　 　　　（negate） by what we do with it. 　　The second value of science is 4　　　　 it provides us with intellectual enjoyment. When we explore a question in depth，we can feel the excitement and mystery，5　　　　 （inspire） us to think further and leading us to seek more questions and mysteries. Thanks to the scientific effort，we have all kinds of great 6　　　　 （invent）. initselfbe negatedthatinspiringinventions Now，let me talk about the third value of science. The ignorance，doubt and uncertainty scientists experience all the time are 7 　　　　（extreme） important. 8　 　　　（admit） your ignorance and leaving room for doubt are essential to any development. 　　9　　　　 freedom to doubt is hard-won，which finally allows us to question，to doubt，to not be sure. It is the duty of the scientists 10　　 　　（declare） the value of freedom of thought，to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed，and to insist upon it for future generations. 　　extremelyAdmittingTheto declare核心词汇教材原句p.53 Is there some evil involved in science? 科学里是不是有罪恶？ 1 involve vt. 包含；需要；涉及；影响；（使）参加 involve sb. in （doing）sth. 让某人参与到（做）某事中 involve doing sth. 需要做某事 become/get involved in 参与；有关联A cross talk performance involves speaking，imitating，teasing and singing. 相声表演包含说、学、逗和唱。If your goal involves other people，put yourself in their positions. 如果你的目标影响到其他人，设身处地为他们想一想。Students should involve themselves actively/deeply/heavily in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生应该积极/ 深入/ 大量参加社区活动，在那里他们能够获得成长的经验。题组练·领悟方法【词语积累】involved adj. 复杂的；有关联的　　involvement n. 参与；卷入，涉及【误区警示】the people involved 所涉及的人 an involved plot 复杂的情节 involved 作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同单句语法填空（1）［2018·江苏卷］There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I had a second chance to become more 　　　　 　（involve）. （2）It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons， get actively 　　　　 　（involve）in class， and review what had been taught after class. 完成句子（3）［2019·天津卷］The things we learn in maturity seldom _____________________________（涉及信息和技能）. We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. （4）Students should 　　　　　 　　　 　　　（参与各种各样的） community activities. involvedinvolvedinvolve information and skillsinvolve themselves in a variety of/be involved in various 教材原句p.53 Of course，if we make good things，it is not only to the credit of science... 当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学…… 2 credit n. & vt. （1）n. 信用；信誉；赊购；信贷；赞扬；功劳；学分 a credit to sb./sth. 为……赢得荣誉的人或物 on credit 赊欠，赊购 to sb.’s credit=to the credit of sb. 为某人带来荣誉；某人值得赞扬，归功于某人It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your credit. 准时付电费很重要，因为晚缴费可能会影响你的信用。［词汇复现］ It doesn’t matter whether you pay in cash or by credit card in this store. 在这家商店你用现金或信用卡支付都可以。［词汇复现］ I can’t take all the credit for the show’s success—it is a team effort. 演出成功不能都算作我一个人的功劳——这是集体努力的结果。To his credit，Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened. 杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶，值得赞扬。（2）vt. 认为是……的功劳；把……归于；存入金额The company is credited with inventing the industrial robot. 发明工业机器人是那家公司的功劳。 单句语法填空（1）The Nobel Prize in Literature is a great credit 　　　　 　 writers who make great contributions to society. （2） 　　　　 　 her great credit，she admitted she was wrong. 完成句子（3） 　　　　　　　　 　　（值得赞扬的是）， John Snow finally found a cure for the severe disease. （4）The invention is 　　　　　　　　 　　　（归功于）the humble scientist. （5）It is very convenient to pay 　　　　　　　 　 　　　（用信用卡）. （6）It’s reported that most new cars are bought 　　　　　　　　（赊欠）. toToTo his creditto the credit of by credit cardon credit教材原句p.53 ...but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. ……但它没有自带说明该如何运用。3 apply vt. & vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关；努力学习 apply...to... 把……应用于……；把……涂抹在……上 apply（to sb.）for（向某人）申请…… apply to 适用于…… apply oneself to doing sth. 努力/ 专心致志做某事In this way they can better apply theory to practice. 这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。［词汇复现］ The nurse applied some medicine to her swollen arm. 护士把一些药敷到她肿胀的胳膊上。Alan made up his mind to apply to his school for a scholarship. 艾伦决定向学校申请奖学金。The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 安全驾驶规则适用于每个人。In spite of much noise，he still applied himself to reading. 尽管有很多噪音，他仍然努力地读书。 【图解助记】图解apply 的一词多义 单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］He applied 　　　　 　 the position as a senior administrator of the department， but his application was not approved. （2）I have applied 　　　　 　 my manager 　　　　 　 a day’s leave for your wedding. （3）Recently he has been applying himself to 　　　　 　（assist）his professor in the development of new equipment. （4）The old rules have to be revised because they only apply 　　　　 　 the old circumstances. 完成句子 （5）When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to 　　　　　　　　（申请）the one that reflected my interest. （6）The results of this research can 　　　　　（被应用于）new developments in technology. （7）John has 　　　　　　　　 　　（专心致志） this task with considerable energy. （8）These regulations 　　　　　　　　　（适用于）everyone，without exception. forto forassistingtoapply forbe applied to 　applied himself toapply to教材原句p.53 ...even though the power may be negated by what one does with it. ……即使这种力量可能会由于个人的使用而无效。4 negate vt. 取消，使无效；否认，否定Alcohol negates the effects of the drug. 酒精能使药物失效。He warned that to negate the results of elections would only make things worse. 他警告说，否定选举的结果只会使事情更糟。单句语法填空（1）The theory 　　　　 　（negate）by the test. 完成句子（2）We cannot 　　　　　　　　　　 　　（否认改革成果）because of that. is negatednegate the reform results教材原句p.54 Never concerned that the answer may let us down... 我们从不担心答案会令人失望…… 5 let sb. down 使某人失望I have let you down and I have let down my fans. 我让你们失望了，而且也让我的粉丝们失望了。【归纳拓展】let alone 更不用说 let...alone 不要碰，不打扰let go of 放开；放弃 let out 发出（叫喊等）；放宽，放大（衣服等） We have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans，let alone super intelligent machines. 我们尚未发明一款防火墙来对付普通人，更不用说超级智能机器了。［词汇复现］ 完成句子（1）He suddenly 　　　　　　　　 　　（大叫了一声）of sorrow. （2）James has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to 　　　　　 　　 （放大）all his trousers to his measure. （3）The baby can’t even sit up yet， 　　　　　 　　　 　　（更不用说走了）! （4）Don’t 　　　　　　　　 　　（让我失望） again this time. let out a crylet outlet alone walklet me down教材原句p.54 The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty... 科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定…… 6 ignorance n. 无知 be in ignorance of... 对……无知 out of/through ignorance 出于无知 Excuse my ignorance，but how does this machine work? 请原谅我的无知，但这台机器是怎么工作的？ 【词语积累】ignore v. 忽视；对……不理会 ignore the fact that... 忽视……的事实ignorant adj. 无知的 be ignorant of/about... 对……无知He is ignorant of/about the dangers of too much sun. 他对日晒过度的危害一无所知。单句语法填空（1） 　　　　 　（ignore） the differences between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （2）Their decision was based on 　　　　 　（ignore） and discrimination. 完成句子（3）Sometimes parents 　　　　　　　 　 　　（对一切一无所知）that happens on campus. Ignoringignoranceare ignorant of everything/ are in ignorance of everything 教材原句p.54 When he has an idea as to what the result is，he is uncertain. 当他知道结果是什么时，他是不确定的。7 as to 至于，关于（置于句首，后接名词、代词、动名词或从句等， 用来引入新话题或对已谈过的事作进一步说明） As to the proposal，I will take it into careful account. 至于这个提议，我会仔细考虑的。As to the strengths of a balanced diet，the doctor gave me many examples. 关于均衡饮食的优点，医生给我举了许多例子。As to her，she has nothing to complain about. 至于她，她没有什么可抱怨的。I’m in a puzzle as to what to do next.关于下一步该做什么我也不知道。【学法点拨】 关于，至于 as for/to as regards in/with regard to in respect of with respect to 完成句子（1）The bike is very cheap indeed. But 　　　　 　　　　 　（至于）its quality，I’m not quite sure. （2）He was in a puzzle 　　　　　　 　　 　　 （关于如何保持平衡） between work and play. 单句语法填空（3）As for 　　　　 　（go）back，that is out of the question. （4）I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. With regard 　　　　 　 the party on July 1st，I shall be pleased to attend. as for/toas to how to keep a balancegoingto教材原句p.54 Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，活在世上并对许多事情不了解是完全合乎事理的。8 take it for granted that 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us. 我们中的有些人总是理所当然地认为，父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］He took 　　　　 　 for granted that the legacy belonged to him. 完成句子（2）He 　　　　 　　　　 　　（似乎理所当然地认为） he should speak as a representative. itseemed to take it for granted that教材原句p.54 Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. 要允许我们去质疑（去怀疑），去不确信。9 permit v. & n. （1）vt. & vi.（permitted，permitting）允许，准许，许可；使有可能 doing sth. 允许做某事 sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事We don’t permit consulting the dictionary during the exam. 考试期间，我们不允许查词典。People are not permitted to cut down trees in this area. 在这一地区，不允许人们砍树。I will go to see you，if time permits. 如果时间允许，我会去看你。（条件状语从句） We’ll go hunting this Sunday morning，weather permitting. 天气允许的话，我们这周日上午要去打猎。（独立主格结构） （2）n. 许可证apply for a travel / a parking / an export permit 申请旅行/ 停车/ 出口许可证［词汇复现］ 【词语辨析】permit 与 allow permit 语意较强，指正式“许可”“批准”；allow 语意较弱，含有“听任”“默许”“不加阻止”之意。The nurse allowed him to remain there，though it was not permitted. 护士让他留在那里，虽然这是不允许的。 单句语法填空（1）— Would you allow me 　　　　 　（smoke） here? —Sorry. We don’t permit 　　　　 　（smoke）in the lab. （2）Passengers are permitted 　　　　 　（carry） only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. （3）［词汇复现］They don’t permit 　　　　 　 （pay）in cash when customers go shopping online. （4）I don’t permit you 　　　　 　（glare）at your customers even if they are sometimes rude to you. 完成句子（5） 　　　　　　　 　 　　（如果天气允许）， we will set off for the beach tomorrow. to smokesmoking 　to carrypayingto glareIf weather permits / Weather permitting教材原句p.54 It is our responsibility...to declare the value of this freedom... ……我们有责任声明这一自由的价值…… 10 responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务 have responsibility for（doing） sth. 有（做）某事的责任 it’s one’s responsibility to do sth. 某人有责任做某事 take responsibility for（doing） sth. 承担（做）某事的责任 a sense of responsibility 责任感 You have responsibility for informing us of any change. =It’s your responsibility to inform us of any change. 如有任何变动，你有责任通知我们。［词汇复现］ No one wants to take responsibility for the problem. 没人愿意为那个问题承担责任。【词语积累】responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的 irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 be responsible for... 对……负责 单句语法填空（1）It is their responsibility 　　　　 　（rescue） survivors in the landslide. （2）Parents need to inspire a sense of 　　　　 　 （responsible）in their children. （3）The airline is legally responsible 　　　　 　 the safety of its passengers. 完成句子（4）The government plans to bring in new laws forcing parents to __________________________ （为……承担更多的责任）the education of their children. （5）They 　　　　　　　　 　　（有……的责任）ensuring that the rules are carried out. to rescueresponsibilityfortake more responsibility forhave responsibility for 11 declare v. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 declare war on 向……宣战 declare against/for 声明反对/ 支持 declare...to be... 宣布/ 宣称……是…… declare that 宣布/ 宣称 The government declared war on illiteracy. 政府宣布要扫除文盲。Most people declared for peace and against war. 大多数人声明拥护和平，反对战争。Jim turned around and declared himself to be angry and frustrated. 吉姆转过身来，宣称自己既气愤又沮丧。She declared that she would rather resign than change her mind. 她声称宁可辞职也不改变主意。 【词语辨析】declare 与announce （ 1）declare 指公开而郑重地宣布某事，通常用于正式场合。（ 2）announce多指首次宣布大家感兴趣或可满足大家好奇心的事情。I declare you husband and wife. 我宣布你们结为夫妻。announce their engagement 宣布他们订婚的消息 announce a decision/an intention宣布一项决定/打算完成句子（1）［词汇复现］When asked for his opinion，he 　　　　　　 　　 　　（声明坚决反对） the policy. （2）Do you know when Britain 　　　　　　　 　　　（向……宣战）Germany during the Second World War? （3）The chairman 　　　　　　　　　　　　（刚要宣布）the festival open when the lights went out. 辨析填空（declare/announce） （4）The government passed a law that 　　　　 it illegal to catch and sell this kind of animals. （5）Please remain seated；the winner of the prize will be 　　　　 soon. declared strongly against 　declared war onwas about to declaredeclaredannounced12 freedom n. 自由，自主；自由权 have the freedom to do sth. 有做某事的自由 fight for freedom 为自由而战 freedom of speech/expression 言论自由We have the freedom to travel nearly anywhere in the world. 世界各地我们几乎想去都能去。Young people today earn more and have more freedom to live where they want. 如今的年轻人赚钱更多，也有更多的自由选择自己想住的地方。【词语积累】free adj. 自由的 freely adv. 自由地；畅通地【学法点拨】 -dom 是后缀，表示状态或状况wise adj. 智慧的→ wisdom n. 智慧 king n. 国王→ kingdom n. 王国bore v. 使厌倦→ boredom n. 厌倦 单句语法填空（1）He finally won his 　　　　 　（free）after 20 years in prison. （2）We don’t have the freedom 　　　　 　（do） just what we like. （3）EU citizens can now travel 　　　　 　（free） between member states. 完成句子（4）He had，in fact，planned to organize an army of slaves to 　　　　　　　　　　 　（为自由而战）. （5）I’m old enough to 　　　　　　 　　 　　　（有选举自由）. freedomto dofreelyfight for their freedomhave the freedom to elect教材原句p.55 He put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859. 他提出了自然选择进化理论，并于1859 年发表了《物种起源》。13 put forward 提出（意见、建议、计划等）；将……提前；把（时钟指针）往前拨；推荐The experts put forward various suggestions at the meeting. 专家们在会上提出了各种各样的建议。［词汇复现］ The men’s final has been put forward to 1：30 p. m. 男子决赛已提前到下午 1 点半。Remember to put your clock forward tonight. 记住今晚把时钟指针往前拨。He was famous for his fine acting. No wonder his name was put forward for the lead role in the play. 他以演技精湛著称，难怪他被提名出演该剧主角。【归纳拓展】put up 举起；搭建；张贴 put down 放下；写下；镇压 put off 延期put out 扑灭；生产 put on 穿上；上演 put away 把……收起；攒钱put up with 容忍，忍受 put aside 忽视，不理睬；留出 put on weight 增加体重put...into practice 把……付诸实施 单句语法填空（1）John Snow put 　　　　 　 a suggestion that people should not be exposed to polluted water. （2）Our sports meeting has been put 　　　　 　 till next month because of the bad weather. （3）They put 　　　　 　 a notice there saying “Keep off the grass”. （4）How can you put up 　　　　 　 such a rude person for so long a time? 完成句子（5）Not everyone attending the meeting agreed to the suggestion __________________________（主席提出的）. forwardoffupwithput forward by the chairman14 publish v. 出版，发行；刊登/ 发表（作品）；公布publish the first edition 出版第一版 publish readers’ letters 刊登读者来信publish the latest unemployment figures 公布最新的失业数字 The company has published all of that author’s works. 这家公司已经出版了那位作家的全部著作。【词语积累】publishing n. 出版（业） publisher n. 出版商 publication n. 出版；出版物；发表；公布【误区警示】come out 也有“出版”的意思，但come out 只用作不及物动词短语。His book was published last month. =His book came out last month. 他的书是上个月被出版的。 单句语法填空（1）The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it ______________（publish）. （2）His first book 　 　　　 　（publish）next month is based on a true story. （3）We haven’t yet had an accurate timetable 　　　　 　（publish）these books. （4）［2020· 全国Ⅲ 卷］On Thursday in an article 　 　　　 　（publish）in Cell，a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation— not to air or to food，but to the ocean. was publishedto be publishedto publish published教材原句p.55 ...he made a careful list of the advantages and disadvantages of marriage. ……他仔细列出了婚姻的 利与弊。15 marriage n. 结婚；婚姻；已婚状态a marriage/wedding ceremony 婚礼 the breakdown of a marriage 婚姻破裂Their marriage lasted 31 years.他们的婚姻持续了31 年。【词语积累】marry v.（和某人）结婚；嫁；娶　　married adj. 已婚的；结婚的be married to sb. 与某人结婚（表状态） marry sb.=get married to sb. 与某人结婚（表动作） 【误区警示】（ 1）marry 表示“与……结婚”时，后直接跟宾语，不加介词to，with 等。如：marry A to B 把A 嫁给B （ 2）marry 和get married 表示短暂性动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用；be married 表示状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 单句语法填空（1）My parents are going to celebrate 20 years of 　　　　 　（marry）. （2）They have agreed on the date for the wedding and will get 　　　　 　（marry）on October 1st. 完成句子（3）On her next birthday，Ann will 　　　　　 　　　 　　（结婚）for 20 years. （4）Mr and Mrs Brown 　　　　　　　　 　　（结婚）five years ago. （5）Tom 　　　　　　　　 　　（娶了玛丽）， who is junior to him by 18 years. marriagemarriedhave been marriedgot marriedmarried Mary重点句式 教材原句p.54 ...to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. ……发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。【句式分析】find unimagined strangeness leading on to... 是“find+ 宾语+ 宾补”结构，strangeness 与 lead 是主动关系，用现在分词短语 leading on to... 作宾补。1 “find+ 宾语+ 宾补”结构“ find+ 宾语+ 宾补”意为“发现……处于某状态 / 在做某事”，该结构中，宾语为名词或代词，作宾补的有形容词、副词、名词（短语）、介词短语、现在分词及过去分词等。 I find my knowledge of the business limited.（形容词作宾补） 我发现自己对这一行业了解有限。［词汇复现］ When we got home，we found all the lights on.（副词作宾补） 我们到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。The two brothers found Henry a penniless man.（名词短语作宾补）这兄弟俩发现亨利身无分文。He found his father in heavy debt.（介词短语作宾补） 他发现父亲负债累累。She turned around and found a man staring at her.（现在分词作宾补， 表主动或进行）她转过身，发现一个男人在盯着她看。I found my wallet stolen on the bus.（过去分词作宾补，表被动或完成） 我发现我的钱包在公交车上被偷了。【误区警示】不定式作find 的宾语时，常用it 作形式宾语，而把不定式放在宾补之后。结构：find + it（形式宾语）+ 宾补 + 不定式（真正宾语） He found it difficult to win his customers back. 他发现很难赢回他的顾客。 单句语法填空（1）Even the best writers sometimes find themselves 　　　　 　（lose）for words. （2）The businessman was found 　　 　　 　（wander）on the pavement. （3）When he woke up，he found himself 　　　 （lie）on the pavement and ____________（surround） by many passers-by. （4）The two girls are so alike that strangers find 　　　　 　 difficult to tell one from the other. （5）［2020· 全国Ⅱ 卷］Puzzle play was found 　　　　 　（be）a significant predictor of cognition（认知） after controlling for differences in parents’ income，education and the amount of parent talk. lostwanderinglying surroundeditto be教材原句p.55 Darwin was such a scientific man that before he made up his mind to get married... 达尔文是一个非常细致严谨的人，以至于在他决定结婚之前…… 2 such...that... 引导结果状语从句My mother is such a stubborn person that I can never persuade her to give in. 我的母亲很固执，我从未能说服她让步。【归纳拓展】 It is so good a film that I like to see it a second time. 这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。We had so little time that we couldn’t finish the work on schedule. 我们的时间那么少，以至于我们不能按时完成那项工作。【学法点拨】so + 形容词 +a（n）+ 可数名词单数= such+a（n）+ 形容词 + 可数名词单数so lovely a day = such a lovely day 如此美好的一天完成句子（1）It was 　　　　　　　　 　　（如此吵闹以至于）we couldn’t hear ourselves speak. （2）He 　　　　　　　　 　　（跑得如此快以至于）nobody could catch up with him. （3）It is 　　　　　　　　 　　（如此好的天气） that I’d like to take a walk. （4）It was 　　　　　 　　　 　　（如此热的一天）that nobody could focus their attention on work. 辨析填空（so/such） （5）［词汇复现］You can’t imagine that 　　　　 　 little birds can eat 　　　　 　 many insects in 　　　　 　 a short time. so noisy thatran so fast thatsuch nice weatherso hot a day/such a hot daysuchsosuch