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（2022·广东·罗定邦中学高一期中）If you think that running marathons (马拉松) will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.
Scientists in Denmark have been studying 1,000 joggers(慢跑者)and non-joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a proper pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die.The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes the heart and arteries(动脉)structural changes. Over time, this can cause serious injuries.
Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said, “If your goal is to decrease the risk of death and improve life expectancy(预期寿命), jogging a few times a week at a proper pace is a good strategy. Anything more is just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.”
The implications(暗示)of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and walking may be better for us than triathlons and long-distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher involved in the study, you don’t actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much.
1．The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．regular B．hard C．practical D．relaxing
2．The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to ________ .
A．suggest giving up jogging B．show risks of doing sports
C．provide supportive evidence D．introduce the research process
3．What can be inferred from the text?
A．No exercise is the best choice. B．More exercise means a healthier life.
C．Marathon runners are least likely to die. D．Proper exercise contributes to good health.
（2022·山东聊城·高一期末）There are some great winter sports that are just waiting to be explored. Some or more extreme than others, but still definitely worth a try...
Ice Skating
Invented more than 4000 years ago by the Finnish, it remains loved by so many all over the world. People of all ages can take advantage of this fun sport, as it is a great way to be outdoors and get a bit of exercise. Experts say that the more you practice, the belter your balance, co-coordination, and flexibility will become. So put on a pair of skates and get moving on the rink.
Snowcross
Snowcross is a sport suitable for people who are a bit more adventurous. Over the last several years, snowcross has increased in popularity and is one of the most sought-after forms of snowmobile races and a really trendy winter sport. Snowcross is popular in the USA, Canada, Sweden, and Finland. Sound fun? Why not give it a try?
Ice Hockey
Ice hockey is not just one of the most popular winter Olympic sports but has also recently become a common international sport. Ice hockey is fast passed and full of energy that also involved numerous intricate（复杂精细的）tricks and movements. It doesn’t only have a competitive side, it also is super fun!
Snowboarding
Snowboarding is another really fun snow sport that is definitely worth trying this winter. It’s not the same as skiing, the main difference between snowboarding and skiing is that snowboarding does not use poles and most people use softer boots for flexibility. Snowboarding has only recently been added to the winter Olympics. There are hundreds of different resorts around the world that allow you to experience this popular sport.
4．What can we know about Snowcross?
A．It needs more practice. B．It suits those willing to take risks.
C．It covers numbers of tricks and movements. D．It is popular only in Europe.
5．Of the following sports, which is new in the winter Olympics?
A．Ice Skating. B．Snowcross. C．Ice Hockey. D．Snowboarding.
6．What do the listed sports have in common?
A．They have a long history. B．They appeal to people of all ages.
C．They are full of fun. D．They are more extreme than any other sport.
（2022·黑龙江·齐齐哈尔市建华区衡齐中小学校高一期末）Ten fitness exercises you can do at home
Walking
An effective walking workout at home will help to strengthen your legs, while getting some low impact aerobic exercise as well. If you don’t have any stairs available, just walk around the house a few times —it may not be very exciting, but it will do the job!
Jumping jacks
These are always fun, as they bring back memories of being a kid! Who hasn’t done jumping jacks for fun as a child? Well, surprise —they are also great cardio exercises, and good for warming up, too.
Push-ups
These are probably not the most favorite exercise of many people, but while they can be hard to do, you can find easier ways to do them. You don’t need to pretend you’re “Rocky”, and do them with one hand: just do what works for you. Do them on your knees, instead of keeping your legs straight. Or, do them by standing up against a wall. You will build up arm strength and work out muscles in your chest area.
Leg lifts
These are great for building up strength and muscles in your legs. If you find it hard to do the exercises with your legs straight, try bending them slightly.
Crunches
It’s the best exercise for building up and strengthening belly muscles. When you’re just getting started, don’t worry about getting your head all the way up. So long as you’re going up until you feel the stretching of the muscles, you will see some benefit.
Jogging in place
Jogging is a great exercise for your heart. You can jog in place at home while watching TV or listening to music. The only equipment you will require is a good pair of shoes, to eliminate any stress to your legs.
Squats
These are wonderful exercises for your legs and bottoms. You can even just try these by sitting and standing up again from a regular chair, if you’re finding them to be too difficult. As long as you’re able to do a few repetitions, you will provide some benefit to your body.
Dancing
Dancing is a wonderful exercise, which is great for your heart. Not only that, but it can lift your spirits as well, and give your overall feeling a boost.
7．Which column does this article belong to if in the newspaper?
A．Health. B．Entertainment. C．Travel. D．Advertisement.
8．If Tom wants to strengthen his chest muscle, which exercise is most suitable for him?
A．Walking. B．Push-ups. C．Jumping jacks. D．Squats.
9．What exercises are best for heart?
A．Walking and Push-up. B．Leg lifts and Crunches.
C．Squats and Dancing. D．Dancing and Jogging in place.
（2022·广东·普宁市华侨中学高一期末）If you thought running was just great for the body, then think again. Scientists have found that the sport not only keeps people fit but also improves your brain power (脑力).
The research found that people who keep fit are more likely to have larger brains, better memories and clearer thinking. They also found that unfit people tended to have smaller brains and reduced cognitive skills. The findings add to a growing body of evidence which links exercise with helping protect the brain against ageing (老化) and also helping it replace dying cells (死细胞). This might reduce the risk of many illnesses and diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
One research paper within its latest issue sees scientists at Kentucky University putting 30 adults aged 59-69 on a treadmill (跑步机). Their heart and lung capacity was measured and an MRI scanner was used to assess the blood flow to their brains. Those who were less fit had smaller brains compared to the fitter volunteers who had larger brains. Scientists in Germany followed 21 adults aged between 60-77. As they went through a three-month fitness program, they saw improvements in their memory.
Researchers are not yet sure why exercise helps to protect brain cells but some research in mice has produced results. Mice, examined at the National Institute on Ageing, in Baltimore, found that cells in the hippocampus (海马体), an area of the brain used for memory, were actively reproducing while their fatter peers were in decline.
Linda Clare, professor of clinical psychology of ageing and dementia at Exeter University and a member of the Global Council on Brain Health told The Sunday Times: “Moderate intensity aerobic (有氧的) activity such as walking, cycling or running can produce changes in brain structure and function.”
10．Who tend to have larger brains, better memories and clearer thinking?
A．People who are healthy. B．People who are thin.
C．People who are unhealthy. D．People who are fat.
11．What do we learn from the experiment in paragraph 3?
A．Those who were less fit had larger brains.
B．Those who were fitter had smaller brains.
C．Exercise helps people improve their memory.
D．Old people doing exercise improve memory better than young people.
12．Accord to Linda Clare, what kind of activity can NOT produce changes in brain structure and function?
A．Walking. B．Singing.
C．Cycling. D．Running.
13．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To tell you sport improves your brain power.
B．To introduce some good ways to keep healthy.
C．To teach you how to best spend time in doing sports.
D．To introduce several ways to improve your memory.
（2022·山东烟台·高一期末）Simone Biles was a bright, bouncy little girl. She couldn’t sit still, and her favorite place was the trampoline (蹦床) in her grandparents’, backyard, where she jumped and twisted (扭动) in the air for hours.
Simone was born in 1997. When she was 6 years old, her day-care group went on a field trip to a gym. Simone loved watching the gymnasts train and perform. She couldn’t just watch them, though-she had to try their moves. She was so good that one of the coaches sent a letter home with her, inviting Simone to take gymnastics (体操) classes.
Simone loved the classes, and she was excellent at climbing, swinging and jumping. She had a lot to learn, though. Most of the gymnasts in her class had started lessons when they began to learn to walk. At 6, Simone was the oldest child in her class. But that would change quickly.
Several times a year, the gym held exhibitions to demonstrate the gymnasts’ skills. At one of these, young gymnasts had to climb 10 feet up a rope, using just their arms and holding their legs straight in front of them. Simone was so strong that she climbed 20 feet into the air.
At 9, Simone learned why she couldn’t sit still: She had ADHD(多动症). Her brain moved fast and her body did too, which made it hard for her to concentrate in school. “The challenges we face help us become who we are, ” Simone wrote. “My challenge is also my superpower: ADHD．” Simone’s superpower would help make her one of the most brilliant gymnasts ever seen.
At age 16, she won two gold medals at the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships, including the all-around. She has now won 25 world medals, 19 of them gold. That’s the most in world gymnastics history. So outstanding is she that several signature moves have been named after Simone.
14．What does the underlined word “bouncy” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Confident. B．Active. C．Curious. D．Gifted.
15．What does the writer want to show with the exhibition in paragraph 4?
A．Simone liked to show off.
B．Simone didn’t need to learn more.
C．How excellently Simone performed.
D．Why Simone fell behind her classmates.
16．What does the last paragraph focus on?
A．Simone’s superpower.
B．Simone’s signature moves.
C．Simone’s great achievements.
D．Simone’s experience in competitions.
17．What does Simone’s story convey?
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Interest is the best teacher.
C．Talent is the key to success.
D．Challenges can be superpower.
（2022·山东·济南市教育教学研究院高一期末）A woman who lost one leg to cancer is seeking to break a world record by completing 102 marathon-length runs in 102 days.
Jacky Hunt-Broersma, who lost the bottom half of her left leg to a rare form of cancer in 2001, set her goal in mid-January. And every day since then, she has been running the distance of a marathon. “Part of my body was gone. For me the biggest struggle was accepting my disability,” she told the reporter.
Until five years ago, she was not very active. But then she looked into running and decided to give it a try. The sport ended up being quite costly. Currently, the carbon fiber blade she uses, which is designed specifically for running, costs about $10,000.
“Running really changed my life,” she said. “It helped me accept myself as a person with disability. It gave me a sense of freedom. I fell in love with the process of pushing my body further just to see what I could do.”
However, she has faced both physical and mental difficulties during her record-breaking attempt. On one recent day, Hunt-Broersma felt near breakdown at 24 kilometers and began to cry. In that moment, she felt like her planned goal might not happen at all. By dividing it into little goals, she finally picked herself up and carried on.
Hunt-Broersma’s main support team is her husband and their two young children. She is posting her progress online and has also got a large social media following.
As she nears the end of her goal, Hunt-Broersma is hoping to inspire a single thought in others: You’re stronger than you think and you’re capable of so much more.
18．What was the biggest struggle for Hunt-Broersma?
A．Fighting against cancer. B．Living with a disability.
C．Breaking a world record. D．Completing the marathon.
19．What might “the carbon fiber blade” underlined in Paragraph 3 be?
A．A running aid. B．A sports skill. C．A training field. D．A support team.
20．Why did Hunt-Broersma almost break down one day?
A．She was not hopeful about her goal. B．She wasn’t supported by the family.
C．She lost a record breaking chance. D．She wanted a sense of freedom.
21．What can we learn from Hunt-Broersma’s story?
A．A thousand-mile journey begins with one step. B．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
C．Experience is the father of wisdom. D．Happiness is the key to success.
（2022·内蒙古赤峰·高一期末）Veteran Oksana Chusovitina, the 46-year-old, made a heart shape with her hands and waved to the crowd inside Tokyo’s Gymnastics Center on Sunday night after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games, while the athletes, officials and media workers gave her a standing applause as she left the sport’s biggest stage for the last time. She said she had been crying “tears of happiness, because so many people have supported me for such a long time”, adding, “I’m just so thankful.”
Born in Uzbekistan in 1976, she rose to fame as a gymnast at age 7, and was selected for the national team at age 13. She made her Olympic appearance at the 1992 Barcelona Games as part of the gold medal-winning Unified team, composed of athletes from former Soviet Union. She then represented Uzbekistan at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, the 2000 Sydney Olympics, and the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.
In order to raise medical expenses for her son with leukemia (白血病), she granted German citizenship in 2006 because of the promise of a higher income and better medical care. She took home a silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Games for Germany, but switched back to competing for Uzbekistan in 2013.
After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her love of gymnastics that kept her going. “There is no secret: I just love gymnastics and no one ever forced me to compete. I do so with pleasure.” she said. She had planned to retire after the London 2012 Olympics, but changed her mind and returned. She competed in the Tokyo Games as an Uzbekistan athlete this time, and regardless of her achievements, she drew a successful end to her long sports career.
She has collected 11 medals at major global championships and was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2017, and was named the Best Athlete of the Decade (2011-2020).
22．How did Chusovitina feel when she retired from her Olympic career?
A．Grateful. B．Amused. C．Frustrated. D．Disappointed.
23．Why did Chusovitina compete for Germany?
A．To raise medical expenses for her son. B．To get higher income since then.
C．Because of her duty as a German citizen. D．Because she was forced to compete.
24．What can we infer about Chusovitina's return to the Tokyo Games?
A．Many people supported her.
B．She wanted to earn more medals.
C．She showed great affection for gymnastics.
D．She expected to draw a successful end to her long sports career.
25．What does Chusovitina’s legendary story tell us?
A．Air is long, life is short.
B．It’s never too late to learn.
C．He who laughs last laughs longest.
D．Love and perseverance can produce miracles.
（2022·河南·开封市基础教育教研室高一期末）In the sport of track and field, athletes compete not only with one another but against themselves, and in each race they try to achieve the new personal best.
For one Nebraska teen running in what would likely to be his final cross-country outing before graduating from high school, his personal best turned out not to be marking the fastest time but displaying the biggest heart.
Although it was a long shot when he came out from the starting position last Thursday, Brandon Schutt from Bellevue East High School knew if his time was good enough that day, he still had the potential to qualify for the upcoming state meet. A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day.
Meanwhile, Blake Cerveny from Omaha Burke High School was running a very different kind of race. Aiming to beat his own personal record, after a fast start, he continued to push himself hard.
With less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up (抽筋), but he didn’t give up. Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on, only to fall again after another 150 meters and again... About 100 meters away from the finish line, he lay curled on the ground. His legs had simply given out.
Before Cerveny’s dad could reach his son, Brandon Schutt was at his side to offer a helping hand. The two completed the final meters of the course. Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first, securing his opponent a faster time.
In today’s competitive world, while the emphasis in athletics is so often on breaking records, it is inspiring to see an athlete like Brandon Schutt.
26．What does the underlined phrase “a long shot” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Simple to compete. B．Unlikely to succeed.
C．Exciting to be qualified. D．Surprising to break records.
27．Why did Brandon Schutt slow down after a mile?
A．To have a final push. B．To help Blake Cerveny.
C．To examine his wounds. D．To enjoy the competition.
28．What can we learn about Blake Cerveny in the race?
A．He didn’t cross the finish line. B．He was generous to help others.
C．He was a person of determination. D．He was affected by his physical disability.
29．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The love for sports. B．The sport of track and field.
C．The importance of perseverance. D．The value of true sportsmanship.
参考答案：
1．B2．C3．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出如果你认为跑马拉松会帮助你生活得健康长寿，新的研究可能会让你震惊，根据最近的一项科学研究，做一个非常艰苦的锻炼的人死亡的可能性是大于不锻炼的人。本文以此展开，主要介绍了运动对身体的影响。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock(如果你认为跑马拉松能帮助你健康长寿，新研究可能会让你大吃一惊)”可知，人们一般认为马拉松会帮助我们过上健康长寿的生活，但新的研究结果不是这样。那些从事的strenuous workout人和根本不做运动的人死亡可能性一样。可以推测“running marathons”是属于“strenuous 运动”。再根据第二段“because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(因为剧烈运动会导致心脏和动脉结构的变化)”可推测，strenuous exercise是指剧烈运动。 strenuous意为“高强度的，剧烈的，强烈的”。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers.(丹麦科学家对1000多名慢跑者和非慢跑者进行了12年的研究。样本组的死亡率表明，每周慢跑两到三次，总共不到两个半小时的人最不可能死亡。慢跑的最佳速度是每小时5英里。研究表明，每周慢跑三次以上或以超过7英里/小时的更高速度慢跑的人与非慢跑者的死亡率相同)”可推知，作者在第2段中提出了一些数字目的是为“根据最近的一项科学研究，做剧烈运动的人和根本不运动的人一样有可能死亡”提供有力的证据。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.(如果你的目标是降低死亡风险和提高预期寿命，每周以适度的速度慢跑几次是一个很好的策略。再多做就不必要了，而且可能有害)”可推知，做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益，故选D。
4．B5．D6．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍四个滑雪项目。
4．细节理解题。根据Snowcross部分“Snowcross is a sport suitable for people who are a bit more adventurous. (雪橇是一项适合有点冒险精神的人的运动。)”可知，雪橇适合喜欢冒险的人参加。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据Snowboarding部分“Snowboarding has only recently been added to the winter Olympics.(Snowboarding最近才被加入冬季奥运会。)”。可知，单板滑雪最近才加入冬季奥运会。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据Ice Skating部分“People of all ages can take advantage of this fun sport, as it is a great way to be outdoors and get a bit of exercise. (各个年龄段的人都可以利用这项有趣的运动，因为这是一种户外运动的好方式，可以锻炼身体。)”,Snowcross部分“Over the last several years, snowcross has increased in popularity and is one of the most sought-after forms of snowmobile races and a really trendy winter sport. Snowcross is popular in the USA, Canada, Sweden, and Finland. Sound fun? (在过去几年中，雪橇越来越受欢迎，是最受欢迎的摩托雪橇比赛形式之一，也是一项真正时髦的冬季运动。雪橇在美国、加拿大、瑞典和芬兰很受欢迎。听起来是不是很有趣？)”,Ice Hockey部分“It doesn’t only have a competitive side, it also is super fun!(它不仅有竞争的一面，而且非常有趣！)”以及Snowboarding部分“Snowboarding is another really fun snow sport that is definitely worth trying this winter.(单板滑雪是另一项非常有趣的滑雪运动，今年冬天绝对值得一试。)”可知，这几项运动的共同点是都充满乐趣。故选C。
7．A8．B9．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了十种可以在家做的健身运动。
7．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Ten fitness exercises you can do at home(你可以在家做的十项健身运动)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是健身运动，由此可知，文章最可能出现在报纸的健康专栏。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据Push-ups段落下的最后一句“You will build up arm strength and work out muscles in your chest area.(你将增强手臂力量，锻炼胸部肌肉)”可知，俯卧撑运动可以锻炼胸部肌肉，由此可知，如果Tom想锻炼胸肌，俯卧撑比较适合他。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据Jogging in place段落下的第一句“Jogging is a great exercise for your heart.(慢跑对你的心脏来说是一种很好的锻炼)”及Dancing段落下的第一句“Dancing is a wonderful exercise, which is great for your heart.(跳舞是一种很棒的运动，对你的心脏很好)”可知，慢跑和跳舞这两项运动对心脏有益。故选D。
10．A11．C12．B13．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了运动不仅可以让人保持健康，还可以提高人们的脑力。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“The research found that people who keep fit are more likely to have larger brains, better memories and clearer thinking.(研究发现，保持健康的人更有可能拥有更大的大脑、更好的记忆力和更清晰的思维)”可知，健康的人可能拥有更大的大脑、更好的记忆力和更清晰的思维。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“As they went through a three-month fitness program, they saw improvements in their memory.(当他们进行为期三个月的健身计划时，他们的记忆力有所改善)”可知，从实验中可以得知，锻炼有助于人们提高记忆力。故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Moderate intensity aerobic activity such as walking, cycling or running can produce changes in brain structure and function.(中等强度的有氧运动，如步行、骑自行车或跑步，可以改变大脑结构和功能)”可知，步行、骑自行车或跑步可以改变大脑结构和功能，没有提及唱歌。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists have found that the sport not only keeps people fit but also improves your brain power.(科学家已经发现，这项运动不仅能让人保持健康，还能提高你的脑力)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了运动不仅可以让人保持健康，还可以提高人们的脑力，作者写作的目的是告诉你，运动可以提高你的脑力。故选A项。
14．B15．C16．C17．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了体操运动员Simone Biles的成名经历。
14．词句猜测题。根据下文“She couldn’t sit still”(她坐不住)可推知，她是一个非常活跃女孩。所以划线词此处的含义为“活跃的”，故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段“Several times a year, the gym held exhibitions to demonstrate the gymnasts’ skills. At one of these, young gymnasts had to climb 10 feet up a rope, using just their arms and holding their legs straight in front of them. Simone was so strong that she climbed 20 feet into the air.”(体操馆每年举办几次展览，展示体操运动员的技术。在其中一个项目中，年轻的体操运动员必须爬上10英尺高的绳子，只用胳膊，并把腿伸直放在身前。Simone 非常强壮，她爬到了20英尺高的空中。)可知，体操馆的展览是为了展示运动员的技术。此项目要求参赛队员爬上爬上10英尺高的绳子，而Simone非常强壮，她爬到了20英尺高的空中。可推知，这里是为了说明Simone的表现是非常优秀的。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“At age 16, she won two gold medals at the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships, including the all-around. She has now won 25 world medals, 19 of them gold. ”(16岁时，她在竞技体操世界锦标赛上获得两枚金牌，其中包括全能金牌。她现在已经赢得了25枚世界奖牌，其中19枚是金牌。)可知，文章最后一段充分展示了Simone的成就。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“At 9, Simone learned why she couldn’t sit still: She had ADHD(多动症). Her brain moved fast and her body did too, which made it hard for her to concentrate in school. “The challenges we face help us become who we are, ” Simone wrote. “My challenge is also my superpower: ADHD. ” Simone's superpower would help make her one of the most brilliant gymnasts ever seen.”(9岁的时候，Simone 知道了她为什么坐不住：她有多动症。她的大脑和身体运动都很快，这使得她在学校很难集中注意力。“我们面临的挑战帮助我们成为我们自己，”Simone写道。“我的挑战也是我的超能力：ADHD”。Simone的超能力会让她成为，有史以来最出色的体操运动员之一。)及最后一段中谈论Simone的主要成就，可知，通过讲述Simone的成名故事是为了向我们说明挑战可以让一个人变得成功，即挑战可以成为超能力。故选D。
18．B19．A20．A21．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Hunt-Broersma在2001年因一种罕见的癌症失去了左腿下半部分，从那时起，她每天都要跑马拉松的距离。文章讲述了她参加跑步的经历以及感悟。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For me the biggest struggle was accepting my disability(对我来说，最大的困难是接受我的残疾)”可知，Hunt-Broersma遇到的最大困难是带着残疾生活。故选B。
19．词句猜测题。根据划线部分后文“which is designed specifically for running, costs about $10,000(它是专门为跑步设计的，售价约为1万美元)”可知，这是非限定性定语从句，先行词是划线部分the carbon fiber blade。由此推知，划线部分指的是“一种跑步辅助设施”。故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“On one recent day, Hunt-Broersma felt near breakdown at 24 kilometers and began to cry. In that moment, she felt like her planned goal might not happen at all.(最近的一天，Hunt-Broersma在24公里处感到几乎崩溃，并开始哭泣。在那一刻，她觉得自己的计划目标可能根本不会实现)”可知，Hunt-Broersma有一天差点崩溃是因为她对自己的目标不抱希望。故选A。
21．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As she nears the end of her goal, Hunt-Broersma is hoping to inspire a single thought in others: You’re stronger than you think and you’re capable of so much more.(当她的目标接近尾声时，Hunt-Broersma希望能激发其他人的一个想法：你比你想象的更强大，你能做得更多)”可推知，Hunt-Broersma的故事告诉我们：心之所愿，无事不成。故选B。
22．A23．A24．C25．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了国际体操名将Chusovitina对体操的热爱和不懈追求为她在奥运上赛事中赢得了名誉和成功。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段的“She said she had been crying “tears of happiness, because so many people have supported me for such a long time”, adding, “I’m just so thankful.”（她说她一直流着“幸福的泪水，因为这么长时间以来有这么多人支持我”，并补充说，“我很感激”）”可知，当Chusovitina结束奥运生涯时心存感激之情。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段的“In order to raise medical expenses for her son with leukemia, she granted German citizenship in 2006 because of the promise of a higher income and better medical care.（为了给患有白血病的儿子筹集医疗费用，她在2006年获得了德国国籍，因为德国承诺她会有更高的收入和儿子获得更好的医疗服务）”可知，Chusovitina为德国参战奥运是为了给儿子筹集医药费。故选A项。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段的“After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her love of gymnastics that kept her going.（儿子康复后，Chusovitina继续参加比赛，但这一次是她对体操的热爱让她继续前进）”可知，Chusovitina重返东京奥运会是因为她对体操表现出极大的热爱。故选C项。
25．推理判断题。根据第1题的分析可知，Chusovitina长时间的参与奥运赛事，根据第3题的分析可知，她对体操表现出了极大的热爱。再由最后一段的“She has collected 11 medals at major global championships and was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2017, and was named the Best Athlete of the Decade (2011-2020).（她在全球主要锦标赛中获得了11枚奖牌，并于2017年入选国际体操名人堂，并被评为十年（2011-2020）最佳运动员）”可知，Chusovitina 的传奇故事告诉我们爱和坚持可以创造奇迹。故选D项。
26．B
27．D
28．C
29．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了在高中毕业前的一场内布拉斯加州青少年越野跑中，Brandon Schutt的个人成绩虽然不是最好的，但帮助原本很有实力的但此时倒在地上的竞争对手Blake Cerveny冲向终点的行为展示了真正的体育精神。
26．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Although it was a long shot when he came out from the starting position last Thursday, Brandon Schutt from Bellevue East High School knew if his time was good enough that day, he still had the potential to qualify for the upcoming state meet. A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day. (虽然当他上周四从起点位置出来时，it was a long shot，但来自贝尔维尤东部高中的Brandon Schutt知道，如果他那天的时间足够好，他仍然有潜力获得即将到来的州运动会的资格。然而，在3.1英里的比赛开始一英里后，舒特意识到他无法保持必要的势头。他没有冒着受伤的风险，而是放慢到舒适的步伐，让他能够简单地享受当下和每一天的快乐。)”可知，Brandon Schutt本来认为如果他在这个越野赛的成绩足够好，他依旧可能拿到参加州运动会的资格，但是跑了一英里以后，他的速度跟不上了，他觉得拿到参加州运动会的资格的这个目标完不成了，他索性放慢了节奏，享受当下。故it was a long shot，意为“拿到参加州运动会的资格这事不太可能成功”，a long shot，意为“不可能成功（Unlikely to succeed）”，故选B项。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day. (然而，在3.1英里的比赛开始一英里后，Schutt意识到他无法保持必要的势头了。他没有冒着受伤的风险，而是放慢到舒适的步伐，让他能够简单地享受当下和每一天的快乐)”可知，Brandon Schutt在比赛中跑了一英里后，知道自己实力不够，于是放缓步伐，单纯地享受比赛的快乐。故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据第四段“Meanwhile, Blake Cerveny from Omaha Burke High School was running a very different kind of race. Aiming to beat his own personal record, after a fast start, he continued to push himself hard. (与此同时，来自奥马哈伯克高中的Blake Cerveny正在参加一种完全不同的比赛。为了打破自己的个人记录，在快速起步后，他继续努力。)”，以及第五段“With less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up (抽筋), but he didn’t give up. Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on, only to fall again after another 150 meters and again …About 100 meters away from the finish line, he lay curled on the ground. His legs had simply given out. (离比赛结束还有不到400米的时候，Cerveny的腿抽筋了，但他没有放弃。 Cerveny从地上爬起来，继续前进，但又在150米处倒下，在距离终点线大约100米处，他蜷缩在地上。 他的腿完全不能动了。 )”可知，为了打破自己的纪录，Blake Cerveny使出浑身解数，就算是腿部抽筋，还在往终点线爬，可以推知Blake Cerveny是一个顽强的人。故选C项。
29．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Before Cerveny’s dad could reach his son, Brandon Schutt was at his side to offer a helping hand. The two completed the final meters of the course. Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first, securing his opponent a faster time. (还没等Cerveny的父亲走到儿子身边，Brandon Schutt就站在他身边伸出了援助之手。两人完成了比赛的最后几米。舒特甚至确保受伤的跑者第一个冲过终点线，确保他的对手跑得更快。)”，以及最后一段“In today’s competitive world, while the emphasis in athletics is so often on breaking records, it is inspiring to see an athlete like Brandon Schutt. (在当今竞争激烈的世界，尽管田径运动的重点往往是打破纪录，但看到Brandon Schut这样的运动员是令人鼓舞的。)”可知，在比赛中能打破纪录固然令人激动，Cerveny是有实力，但却在最后出了状况，实力不如Cerveny的Brandon Schut帮助处于劣势的Cerveny，还让Cerveny比自己先过终点，这才是真正的鼓舞人心的体育精神。作者通过这个故事宣扬了真正体育精神的价值。故选D项。
(名校最新真题)
（2022·广东·罗定邦中学高一期中）If you think that running marathons (马拉松) will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.
Scientists in Denmark have been studying 1,000 joggers(慢跑者)and non-joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a proper pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die.The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes the heart and arteries(动脉)structural changes. Over time, this can cause serious injuries.
Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said, “If your goal is to decrease the risk of death and improve life expectancy(预期寿命), jogging a few times a week at a proper pace is a good strategy. Anything more is just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.”
The implications(暗示)of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and walking may be better for us than triathlons and long-distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher involved in the study, you don’t actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much.
1．The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．regular B．hard C．practical D．relaxing
2．The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to ________ .
A．suggest giving up jogging B．show risks of doing sports
C．provide supportive evidence D．introduce the research process
3．What can be inferred from the text?
A．No exercise is the best choice. B．More exercise means a healthier life.
C．Marathon runners are least likely to die. D．Proper exercise contributes to good health.
（2022·山东聊城·高一期末）There are some great winter sports that are just waiting to be explored. Some or more extreme than others, but still definitely worth a try...
Ice Skating
Invented more than 4000 years ago by the Finnish, it remains loved by so many all over the world. People of all ages can take advantage of this fun sport, as it is a great way to be outdoors and get a bit of exercise. Experts say that the more you practice, the belter your balance, co-coordination, and flexibility will become. So put on a pair of skates and get moving on the rink.
Snowcross
Snowcross is a sport suitable for people who are a bit more adventurous. Over the last several years, snowcross has increased in popularity and is one of the most sought-after forms of snowmobile races and a really trendy winter sport. Snowcross is popular in the USA, Canada, Sweden, and Finland. Sound fun? Why not give it a try?
Ice Hockey
Ice hockey is not just one of the most popular winter Olympic sports but has also recently become a common international sport. Ice hockey is fast passed and full of energy that also involved numerous intricate（复杂精细的）tricks and movements. It doesn’t only have a competitive side, it also is super fun!
Snowboarding
Snowboarding is another really fun snow sport that is definitely worth trying this winter. It’s not the same as skiing, the main difference between snowboarding and skiing is that snowboarding does not use poles and most people use softer boots for flexibility. Snowboarding has only recently been added to the winter Olympics. There are hundreds of different resorts around the world that allow you to experience this popular sport.
4．What can we know about Snowcross?
A．It needs more practice. B．It suits those willing to take risks.
C．It covers numbers of tricks and movements. D．It is popular only in Europe.
5．Of the following sports, which is new in the winter Olympics?
A．Ice Skating. B．Snowcross. C．Ice Hockey. D．Snowboarding.
6．What do the listed sports have in common?
A．They have a long history. B．They appeal to people of all ages.
C．They are full of fun. D．They are more extreme than any other sport.
（2022·黑龙江·齐齐哈尔市建华区衡齐中小学校高一期末）Ten fitness exercises you can do at home
Walking
An effective walking workout at home will help to strengthen your legs, while getting some low impact aerobic exercise as well. If you don’t have any stairs available, just walk around the house a few times —it may not be very exciting, but it will do the job!
Jumping jacks
These are always fun, as they bring back memories of being a kid! Who hasn’t done jumping jacks for fun as a child? Well, surprise —they are also great cardio exercises, and good for warming up, too.
Push-ups
These are probably not the most favorite exercise of many people, but while they can be hard to do, you can find easier ways to do them. You don’t need to pretend you’re “Rocky”, and do them with one hand: just do what works for you. Do them on your knees, instead of keeping your legs straight. Or, do them by standing up against a wall. You will build up arm strength and work out muscles in your chest area.
Leg lifts
These are great for building up strength and muscles in your legs. If you find it hard to do the exercises with your legs straight, try bending them slightly.
Crunches
It’s the best exercise for building up and strengthening belly muscles. When you’re just getting started, don’t worry about getting your head all the way up. So long as you’re going up until you feel the stretching of the muscles, you will see some benefit.
Jogging in place
Jogging is a great exercise for your heart. You can jog in place at home while watching TV or listening to music. The only equipment you will require is a good pair of shoes, to eliminate any stress to your legs.
Squats
These are wonderful exercises for your legs and bottoms. You can even just try these by sitting and standing up again from a regular chair, if you’re finding them to be too difficult. As long as you’re able to do a few repetitions, you will provide some benefit to your body.
Dancing
Dancing is a wonderful exercise, which is great for your heart. Not only that, but it can lift your spirits as well, and give your overall feeling a boost.
7．Which column does this article belong to if in the newspaper?
A．Health. B．Entertainment. C．Travel. D．Advertisement.
8．If Tom wants to strengthen his chest muscle, which exercise is most suitable for him?
A．Walking. B．Push-ups. C．Jumping jacks. D．Squats.
9．What exercises are best for heart?
A．Walking and Push-up. B．Leg lifts and Crunches.
C．Squats and Dancing. D．Dancing and Jogging in place.
（2022·广东·普宁市华侨中学高一期末）If you thought running was just great for the body, then think again. Scientists have found that the sport not only keeps people fit but also improves your brain power (脑力).
The research found that people who keep fit are more likely to have larger brains, better memories and clearer thinking. They also found that unfit people tended to have smaller brains and reduced cognitive skills. The findings add to a growing body of evidence which links exercise with helping protect the brain against ageing (老化) and also helping it replace dying cells (死细胞). This might reduce the risk of many illnesses and diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
One research paper within its latest issue sees scientists at Kentucky University putting 30 adults aged 59-69 on a treadmill (跑步机). Their heart and lung capacity was measured and an MRI scanner was used to assess the blood flow to their brains. Those who were less fit had smaller brains compared to the fitter volunteers who had larger brains. Scientists in Germany followed 21 adults aged between 60-77. As they went through a three-month fitness program, they saw improvements in their memory.
Researchers are not yet sure why exercise helps to protect brain cells but some research in mice has produced results. Mice, examined at the National Institute on Ageing, in Baltimore, found that cells in the hippocampus (海马体), an area of the brain used for memory, were actively reproducing while their fatter peers were in decline.
Linda Clare, professor of clinical psychology of ageing and dementia at Exeter University and a member of the Global Council on Brain Health told The Sunday Times: “Moderate intensity aerobic (有氧的) activity such as walking, cycling or running can produce changes in brain structure and function.”
10．Who tend to have larger brains, better memories and clearer thinking?
A．People who are healthy. B．People who are thin.
C．People who are unhealthy. D．People who are fat.
11．What do we learn from the experiment in paragraph 3?
A．Those who were less fit had larger brains.
B．Those who were fitter had smaller brains.
C．Exercise helps people improve their memory.
D．Old people doing exercise improve memory better than young people.
12．Accord to Linda Clare, what kind of activity can NOT produce changes in brain structure and function?
A．Walking. B．Singing.
C．Cycling. D．Running.
13．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To tell you sport improves your brain power.
B．To introduce some good ways to keep healthy.
C．To teach you how to best spend time in doing sports.
D．To introduce several ways to improve your memory.
（2022·山东烟台·高一期末）Simone Biles was a bright, bouncy little girl. She couldn’t sit still, and her favorite place was the trampoline (蹦床) in her grandparents’, backyard, where she jumped and twisted (扭动) in the air for hours.
Simone was born in 1997. When she was 6 years old, her day-care group went on a field trip to a gym. Simone loved watching the gymnasts train and perform. She couldn’t just watch them, though-she had to try their moves. She was so good that one of the coaches sent a letter home with her, inviting Simone to take gymnastics (体操) classes.
Simone loved the classes, and she was excellent at climbing, swinging and jumping. She had a lot to learn, though. Most of the gymnasts in her class had started lessons when they began to learn to walk. At 6, Simone was the oldest child in her class. But that would change quickly.
Several times a year, the gym held exhibitions to demonstrate the gymnasts’ skills. At one of these, young gymnasts had to climb 10 feet up a rope, using just their arms and holding their legs straight in front of them. Simone was so strong that she climbed 20 feet into the air.
At 9, Simone learned why she couldn’t sit still: She had ADHD(多动症). Her brain moved fast and her body did too, which made it hard for her to concentrate in school. “The challenges we face help us become who we are, ” Simone wrote. “My challenge is also my superpower: ADHD．” Simone’s superpower would help make her one of the most brilliant gymnasts ever seen.
At age 16, she won two gold medals at the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships, including the all-around. She has now won 25 world medals, 19 of them gold. That’s the most in world gymnastics history. So outstanding is she that several signature moves have been named after Simone.
14．What does the underlined word “bouncy” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Confident. B．Active. C．Curious. D．Gifted.
15．What does the writer want to show with the exhibition in paragraph 4?
A．Simone liked to show off.
B．Simone didn’t need to learn more.
C．How excellently Simone performed.
D．Why Simone fell behind her classmates.
16．What does the last paragraph focus on?
A．Simone’s superpower.
B．Simone’s signature moves.
C．Simone’s great achievements.
D．Simone’s experience in competitions.
17．What does Simone’s story convey?
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Interest is the best teacher.
C．Talent is the key to success.
D．Challenges can be superpower.
（2022·山东·济南市教育教学研究院高一期末）A woman who lost one leg to cancer is seeking to break a world record by completing 102 marathon-length runs in 102 days.
Jacky Hunt-Broersma, who lost the bottom half of her left leg to a rare form of cancer in 2001, set her goal in mid-January. And every day since then, she has been running the distance of a marathon. “Part of my body was gone. For me the biggest struggle was accepting my disability,” she told the reporter.
Until five years ago, she was not very active. But then she looked into running and decided to give it a try. The sport ended up being quite costly. Currently, the carbon fiber blade she uses, which is designed specifically for running, costs about $10,000.
“Running really changed my life,” she said. “It helped me accept myself as a person with disability. It gave me a sense of freedom. I fell in love with the process of pushing my body further just to see what I could do.”
However, she has faced both physical and mental difficulties during her record-breaking attempt. On one recent day, Hunt-Broersma felt near breakdown at 24 kilometers and began to cry. In that moment, she felt like her planned goal might not happen at all. By dividing it into little goals, she finally picked herself up and carried on.
Hunt-Broersma’s main support team is her husband and their two young children. She is posting her progress online and has also got a large social media following.
As she nears the end of her goal, Hunt-Broersma is hoping to inspire a single thought in others: You’re stronger than you think and you’re capable of so much more.
18．What was the biggest struggle for Hunt-Broersma?
A．Fighting against cancer. B．Living with a disability.
C．Breaking a world record. D．Completing the marathon.
19．What might “the carbon fiber blade” underlined in Paragraph 3 be?
A．A running aid. B．A sports skill. C．A training field. D．A support team.
20．Why did Hunt-Broersma almost break down one day?
A．She was not hopeful about her goal. B．She wasn’t supported by the family.
C．She lost a record breaking chance. D．She wanted a sense of freedom.
21．What can we learn from Hunt-Broersma’s story?
A．A thousand-mile journey begins with one step. B．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
C．Experience is the father of wisdom. D．Happiness is the key to success.
（2022·内蒙古赤峰·高一期末）Veteran Oksana Chusovitina, the 46-year-old, made a heart shape with her hands and waved to the crowd inside Tokyo’s Gymnastics Center on Sunday night after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games, while the athletes, officials and media workers gave her a standing applause as she left the sport’s biggest stage for the last time. She said she had been crying “tears of happiness, because so many people have supported me for such a long time”, adding, “I’m just so thankful.”
Born in Uzbekistan in 1976, she rose to fame as a gymnast at age 7, and was selected for the national team at age 13. She made her Olympic appearance at the 1992 Barcelona Games as part of the gold medal-winning Unified team, composed of athletes from former Soviet Union. She then represented Uzbekistan at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, the 2000 Sydney Olympics, and the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.
In order to raise medical expenses for her son with leukemia (白血病), she granted German citizenship in 2006 because of the promise of a higher income and better medical care. She took home a silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Games for Germany, but switched back to competing for Uzbekistan in 2013.
After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her love of gymnastics that kept her going. “There is no secret: I just love gymnastics and no one ever forced me to compete. I do so with pleasure.” she said. She had planned to retire after the London 2012 Olympics, but changed her mind and returned. She competed in the Tokyo Games as an Uzbekistan athlete this time, and regardless of her achievements, she drew a successful end to her long sports career.
She has collected 11 medals at major global championships and was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2017, and was named the Best Athlete of the Decade (2011-2020).
22．How did Chusovitina feel when she retired from her Olympic career?
A．Grateful. B．Amused. C．Frustrated. D．Disappointed.
23．Why did Chusovitina compete for Germany?
A．To raise medical expenses for her son. B．To get higher income since then.
C．Because of her duty as a German citizen. D．Because she was forced to compete.
24．What can we infer about Chusovitina's return to the Tokyo Games?
A．Many people supported her.
B．She wanted to earn more medals.
C．She showed great affection for gymnastics.
D．She expected to draw a successful end to her long sports career.
25．What does Chusovitina’s legendary story tell us?
A．Air is long, life is short.
B．It’s never too late to learn.
C．He who laughs last laughs longest.
D．Love and perseverance can produce miracles.
（2022·河南·开封市基础教育教研室高一期末）In the sport of track and field, athletes compete not only with one another but against themselves, and in each race they try to achieve the new personal best.
For one Nebraska teen running in what would likely to be his final cross-country outing before graduating from high school, his personal best turned out not to be marking the fastest time but displaying the biggest heart.
Although it was a long shot when he came out from the starting position last Thursday, Brandon Schutt from Bellevue East High School knew if his time was good enough that day, he still had the potential to qualify for the upcoming state meet. A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day.
Meanwhile, Blake Cerveny from Omaha Burke High School was running a very different kind of race. Aiming to beat his own personal record, after a fast start, he continued to push himself hard.
With less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up (抽筋), but he didn’t give up. Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on, only to fall again after another 150 meters and again... About 100 meters away from the finish line, he lay curled on the ground. His legs had simply given out.
Before Cerveny’s dad could reach his son, Brandon Schutt was at his side to offer a helping hand. The two completed the final meters of the course. Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first, securing his opponent a faster time.
In today’s competitive world, while the emphasis in athletics is so often on breaking records, it is inspiring to see an athlete like Brandon Schutt.
26．What does the underlined phrase “a long shot” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Simple to compete. B．Unlikely to succeed.
C．Exciting to be qualified. D．Surprising to break records.
27．Why did Brandon Schutt slow down after a mile?
A．To have a final push. B．To help Blake Cerveny.
C．To examine his wounds. D．To enjoy the competition.
28．What can we learn about Blake Cerveny in the race?
A．He didn’t cross the finish line. B．He was generous to help others.
C．He was a person of determination. D．He was affected by his physical disability.
29．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The love for sports. B．The sport of track and field.
C．The importance of perseverance. D．The value of true sportsmanship.
参考答案：
1．B2．C3．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出如果你认为跑马拉松会帮助你生活得健康长寿，新的研究可能会让你震惊，根据最近的一项科学研究，做一个非常艰苦的锻炼的人死亡的可能性是大于不锻炼的人。本文以此展开，主要介绍了运动对身体的影响。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock(如果你认为跑马拉松能帮助你健康长寿，新研究可能会让你大吃一惊)”可知，人们一般认为马拉松会帮助我们过上健康长寿的生活，但新的研究结果不是这样。那些从事的strenuous workout人和根本不做运动的人死亡可能性一样。可以推测“running marathons”是属于“strenuous 运动”。再根据第二段“because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(因为剧烈运动会导致心脏和动脉结构的变化)”可推测，strenuous exercise是指剧烈运动。 strenuous意为“高强度的，剧烈的，强烈的”。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers.(丹麦科学家对1000多名慢跑者和非慢跑者进行了12年的研究。样本组的死亡率表明，每周慢跑两到三次，总共不到两个半小时的人最不可能死亡。慢跑的最佳速度是每小时5英里。研究表明，每周慢跑三次以上或以超过7英里/小时的更高速度慢跑的人与非慢跑者的死亡率相同)”可推知，作者在第2段中提出了一些数字目的是为“根据最近的一项科学研究，做剧烈运动的人和根本不运动的人一样有可能死亡”提供有力的证据。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.(如果你的目标是降低死亡风险和提高预期寿命，每周以适度的速度慢跑几次是一个很好的策略。再多做就不必要了，而且可能有害)”可推知，做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益，故选D。
4．B5．D6．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍四个滑雪项目。
4．细节理解题。根据Snowcross部分“Snowcross is a sport suitable for people who are a bit more adventurous. (雪橇是一项适合有点冒险精神的人的运动。)”可知，雪橇适合喜欢冒险的人参加。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据Snowboarding部分“Snowboarding has only recently been added to the winter Olympics.(Snowboarding最近才被加入冬季奥运会。)”。可知，单板滑雪最近才加入冬季奥运会。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据Ice Skating部分“People of all ages can take advantage of this fun sport, as it is a great way to be outdoors and get a bit of exercise. (各个年龄段的人都可以利用这项有趣的运动，因为这是一种户外运动的好方式，可以锻炼身体。)”,Snowcross部分“Over the last several years, snowcross has increased in popularity and is one of the most sought-after forms of snowmobile races and a really trendy winter sport. Snowcross is popular in the USA, Canada, Sweden, and Finland. Sound fun? (在过去几年中，雪橇越来越受欢迎，是最受欢迎的摩托雪橇比赛形式之一，也是一项真正时髦的冬季运动。雪橇在美国、加拿大、瑞典和芬兰很受欢迎。听起来是不是很有趣？)”,Ice Hockey部分“It doesn’t only have a competitive side, it also is super fun!(它不仅有竞争的一面，而且非常有趣！)”以及Snowboarding部分“Snowboarding is another really fun snow sport that is definitely worth trying this winter.(单板滑雪是另一项非常有趣的滑雪运动，今年冬天绝对值得一试。)”可知，这几项运动的共同点是都充满乐趣。故选C。
7．A8．B9．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了十种可以在家做的健身运动。
7．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Ten fitness exercises you can do at home(你可以在家做的十项健身运动)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是健身运动，由此可知，文章最可能出现在报纸的健康专栏。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据Push-ups段落下的最后一句“You will build up arm strength and work out muscles in your chest area.(你将增强手臂力量，锻炼胸部肌肉)”可知，俯卧撑运动可以锻炼胸部肌肉，由此可知，如果Tom想锻炼胸肌，俯卧撑比较适合他。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据Jogging in place段落下的第一句“Jogging is a great exercise for your heart.(慢跑对你的心脏来说是一种很好的锻炼)”及Dancing段落下的第一句“Dancing is a wonderful exercise, which is great for your heart.(跳舞是一种很棒的运动，对你的心脏很好)”可知，慢跑和跳舞这两项运动对心脏有益。故选D。
10．A11．C12．B13．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了运动不仅可以让人保持健康，还可以提高人们的脑力。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“The research found that people who keep fit are more likely to have larger brains, better memories and clearer thinking.(研究发现，保持健康的人更有可能拥有更大的大脑、更好的记忆力和更清晰的思维)”可知，健康的人可能拥有更大的大脑、更好的记忆力和更清晰的思维。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“As they went through a three-month fitness program, they saw improvements in their memory.(当他们进行为期三个月的健身计划时，他们的记忆力有所改善)”可知，从实验中可以得知，锻炼有助于人们提高记忆力。故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Moderate intensity aerobic activity such as walking, cycling or running can produce changes in brain structure and function.(中等强度的有氧运动，如步行、骑自行车或跑步，可以改变大脑结构和功能)”可知，步行、骑自行车或跑步可以改变大脑结构和功能，没有提及唱歌。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists have found that the sport not only keeps people fit but also improves your brain power.(科学家已经发现，这项运动不仅能让人保持健康，还能提高你的脑力)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了运动不仅可以让人保持健康，还可以提高人们的脑力，作者写作的目的是告诉你，运动可以提高你的脑力。故选A项。
14．B15．C16．C17．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了体操运动员Simone Biles的成名经历。
14．词句猜测题。根据下文“She couldn’t sit still”(她坐不住)可推知，她是一个非常活跃女孩。所以划线词此处的含义为“活跃的”，故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段“Several times a year, the gym held exhibitions to demonstrate the gymnasts’ skills. At one of these, young gymnasts had to climb 10 feet up a rope, using just their arms and holding their legs straight in front of them. Simone was so strong that she climbed 20 feet into the air.”(体操馆每年举办几次展览，展示体操运动员的技术。在其中一个项目中，年轻的体操运动员必须爬上10英尺高的绳子，只用胳膊，并把腿伸直放在身前。Simone 非常强壮，她爬到了20英尺高的空中。)可知，体操馆的展览是为了展示运动员的技术。此项目要求参赛队员爬上爬上10英尺高的绳子，而Simone非常强壮，她爬到了20英尺高的空中。可推知，这里是为了说明Simone的表现是非常优秀的。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“At age 16, she won two gold medals at the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships, including the all-around. She has now won 25 world medals, 19 of them gold. ”(16岁时，她在竞技体操世界锦标赛上获得两枚金牌，其中包括全能金牌。她现在已经赢得了25枚世界奖牌，其中19枚是金牌。)可知，文章最后一段充分展示了Simone的成就。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“At 9, Simone learned why she couldn’t sit still: She had ADHD(多动症). Her brain moved fast and her body did too, which made it hard for her to concentrate in school. “The challenges we face help us become who we are, ” Simone wrote. “My challenge is also my superpower: ADHD. ” Simone's superpower would help make her one of the most brilliant gymnasts ever seen.”(9岁的时候，Simone 知道了她为什么坐不住：她有多动症。她的大脑和身体运动都很快，这使得她在学校很难集中注意力。“我们面临的挑战帮助我们成为我们自己，”Simone写道。“我的挑战也是我的超能力：ADHD”。Simone的超能力会让她成为，有史以来最出色的体操运动员之一。)及最后一段中谈论Simone的主要成就，可知，通过讲述Simone的成名故事是为了向我们说明挑战可以让一个人变得成功，即挑战可以成为超能力。故选D。
18．B19．A20．A21．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Hunt-Broersma在2001年因一种罕见的癌症失去了左腿下半部分，从那时起，她每天都要跑马拉松的距离。文章讲述了她参加跑步的经历以及感悟。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For me the biggest struggle was accepting my disability(对我来说，最大的困难是接受我的残疾)”可知，Hunt-Broersma遇到的最大困难是带着残疾生活。故选B。
19．词句猜测题。根据划线部分后文“which is designed specifically for running, costs about $10,000(它是专门为跑步设计的，售价约为1万美元)”可知，这是非限定性定语从句，先行词是划线部分the carbon fiber blade。由此推知，划线部分指的是“一种跑步辅助设施”。故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“On one recent day, Hunt-Broersma felt near breakdown at 24 kilometers and began to cry. In that moment, she felt like her planned goal might not happen at all.(最近的一天，Hunt-Broersma在24公里处感到几乎崩溃，并开始哭泣。在那一刻，她觉得自己的计划目标可能根本不会实现)”可知，Hunt-Broersma有一天差点崩溃是因为她对自己的目标不抱希望。故选A。
21．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As she nears the end of her goal, Hunt-Broersma is hoping to inspire a single thought in others: You’re stronger than you think and you’re capable of so much more.(当她的目标接近尾声时，Hunt-Broersma希望能激发其他人的一个想法：你比你想象的更强大，你能做得更多)”可推知，Hunt-Broersma的故事告诉我们：心之所愿，无事不成。故选B。
22．A23．A24．C25．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了国际体操名将Chusovitina对体操的热爱和不懈追求为她在奥运上赛事中赢得了名誉和成功。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段的“She said she had been crying “tears of happiness, because so many people have supported me for such a long time”, adding, “I’m just so thankful.”（她说她一直流着“幸福的泪水，因为这么长时间以来有这么多人支持我”，并补充说，“我很感激”）”可知，当Chusovitina结束奥运生涯时心存感激之情。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段的“In order to raise medical expenses for her son with leukemia, she granted German citizenship in 2006 because of the promise of a higher income and better medical care.（为了给患有白血病的儿子筹集医疗费用，她在2006年获得了德国国籍，因为德国承诺她会有更高的收入和儿子获得更好的医疗服务）”可知，Chusovitina为德国参战奥运是为了给儿子筹集医药费。故选A项。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段的“After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her love of gymnastics that kept her going.（儿子康复后，Chusovitina继续参加比赛，但这一次是她对体操的热爱让她继续前进）”可知，Chusovitina重返东京奥运会是因为她对体操表现出极大的热爱。故选C项。
25．推理判断题。根据第1题的分析可知，Chusovitina长时间的参与奥运赛事，根据第3题的分析可知，她对体操表现出了极大的热爱。再由最后一段的“She has collected 11 medals at major global championships and was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2017, and was named the Best Athlete of the Decade (2011-2020).（她在全球主要锦标赛中获得了11枚奖牌，并于2017年入选国际体操名人堂，并被评为十年（2011-2020）最佳运动员）”可知，Chusovitina 的传奇故事告诉我们爱和坚持可以创造奇迹。故选D项。
26．B
27．D
28．C
29．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了在高中毕业前的一场内布拉斯加州青少年越野跑中，Brandon Schutt的个人成绩虽然不是最好的，但帮助原本很有实力的但此时倒在地上的竞争对手Blake Cerveny冲向终点的行为展示了真正的体育精神。
26．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Although it was a long shot when he came out from the starting position last Thursday, Brandon Schutt from Bellevue East High School knew if his time was good enough that day, he still had the potential to qualify for the upcoming state meet. A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day. (虽然当他上周四从起点位置出来时，it was a long shot，但来自贝尔维尤东部高中的Brandon Schutt知道，如果他那天的时间足够好，他仍然有潜力获得即将到来的州运动会的资格。然而，在3.1英里的比赛开始一英里后，舒特意识到他无法保持必要的势头。他没有冒着受伤的风险，而是放慢到舒适的步伐，让他能够简单地享受当下和每一天的快乐。)”可知，Brandon Schutt本来认为如果他在这个越野赛的成绩足够好，他依旧可能拿到参加州运动会的资格，但是跑了一英里以后，他的速度跟不上了，他觉得拿到参加州运动会的资格的这个目标完不成了，他索性放慢了节奏，享受当下。故it was a long shot，意为“拿到参加州运动会的资格这事不太可能成功”，a long shot，意为“不可能成功（Unlikely to succeed）”，故选B项。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day. (然而，在3.1英里的比赛开始一英里后，Schutt意识到他无法保持必要的势头了。他没有冒着受伤的风险，而是放慢到舒适的步伐，让他能够简单地享受当下和每一天的快乐)”可知，Brandon Schutt在比赛中跑了一英里后，知道自己实力不够，于是放缓步伐，单纯地享受比赛的快乐。故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据第四段“Meanwhile, Blake Cerveny from Omaha Burke High School was running a very different kind of race. Aiming to beat his own personal record, after a fast start, he continued to push himself hard. (与此同时，来自奥马哈伯克高中的Blake Cerveny正在参加一种完全不同的比赛。为了打破自己的个人记录，在快速起步后，他继续努力。)”，以及第五段“With less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up (抽筋), but he didn’t give up. Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on, only to fall again after another 150 meters and again …About 100 meters away from the finish line, he lay curled on the ground. His legs had simply given out. (离比赛结束还有不到400米的时候，Cerveny的腿抽筋了，但他没有放弃。 Cerveny从地上爬起来，继续前进，但又在150米处倒下，在距离终点线大约100米处，他蜷缩在地上。 他的腿完全不能动了。 )”可知，为了打破自己的纪录，Blake Cerveny使出浑身解数，就算是腿部抽筋，还在往终点线爬，可以推知Blake Cerveny是一个顽强的人。故选C项。
29．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Before Cerveny’s dad could reach his son, Brandon Schutt was at his side to offer a helping hand. The two completed the final meters of the course. Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first, securing his opponent a faster time. (还没等Cerveny的父亲走到儿子身边，Brandon Schutt就站在他身边伸出了援助之手。两人完成了比赛的最后几米。舒特甚至确保受伤的跑者第一个冲过终点线，确保他的对手跑得更快。)”，以及最后一段“In today’s competitive world, while the emphasis in athletics is so often on breaking records, it is inspiring to see an athlete like Brandon Schutt. (在当今竞争激烈的世界，尽管田径运动的重点往往是打破纪录，但看到Brandon Schut这样的运动员是令人鼓舞的。)”可知，在比赛中能打破纪录固然令人激动，Cerveny是有实力，但却在最后出了状况，实力不如Cerveny的Brandon Schut帮助处于劣势的Cerveny，还让Cerveny比自己先过终点，这才是真正的鼓舞人心的体育精神。作者通过这个故事宣扬了真正体育精神的价值。故选D项。
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