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Unit 5单元话题语法填空专项练习-高一英语必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练(人教版)
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Unit 5单元话题语法填空专项练习
(名校最新真题)
(2022·湖北十堰·高一阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world is changing. So are the words and characters. New words are born with the world changing and ____1____ (update) itself greatly. Some existing words may develop new meanings and some may fall out of use. There are various ____2____ (reason) for these changes.
Not ____3____ (surprise), technology is responsible for a lot of new words. For example, “blog”, which is a ____4____ (shorten) form of “weblog”, was created due to Internet use. Besides, new ways of communication create new languages. When texting to each other on mobile phones, friends tend to use a ____5____ (convenient) and easier way such as “cu18r” and “lol”. Thirdly, teenagers have made ____6____ great difference to the new meanings of some words. For example, “sick” ____7____ (use) to mean “great” and “Wassup” to mean “Hello”. Fourthly, human beings’ laziness may contribute to some simplified phrases. The last involves globalization (全球化), ____8____ is an effective way of spreading English around the world. Non-native speakers of English are creating ____9____ (they) own form of language named Globish. Will Globish be the most commonly spoken language ____10____ the future one day? Only time will tell.
(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一期末)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(只填1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
English has several chicken ____11____ (expression) that describe human ____12____ (behave). For example, if you are an early riser, we might say you wake up with the chickens. If you are ____13____ (frighten) of something, you might be called a chicken. And if you run around in a crazy way - or just very busy - you ____14____ (say) to be running around like a chicken with its head ____15____ (cut) off.
But today we are going to explore ____16____ expression: “Your chickens have come home to roost.” with a little more meaning, For a chicken, to roost means to settle down for rest or sleep. But for us, the expression is not at all restful. When our chickens come home to roost it means that our past mistakes or wrongdoings have come back to cause us problems, ____17____ happened with a man named Alex. He was very good ____18____ one thing - lying. He lied to people at work, to every woman he met, to his neighbors and ____19____ to his family. Then one day, he got into serious trouble with the police. He was accused of _____20_____ (steal) from his workplace. And this time, no one came to help. After years of lying to people, his chickens had finally come home to roost. He was on his own.
(2022·陕西·宝鸡市金台区教育体育局教研室高一期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The national college entrance examination in Russia, Unified State Exam, will include Chinese as ____21____ elective foreign language starting from 2019. Chinese will become the fifth elective test item for the Unified State Exam ____22____ (follow) English, German, French and Spanish.
The number of Chinese learners in Russia ____23____ (grow) quickly in the past ten years, according to a survey ____24____ (make) by a linguistic research center in Russia.
Approaches to learning Chinese change from person to person, ____25____ more and more people choosing university courses in Russia.
The three hour-long Chinese test will quiz students on ____26____ (they) listening, reading and writing abilities, and a fourth section will examine students on grammar, vocabulary and Chinese ____27____ (character). Some parts in the exam are even a little bit difficult for native Chinese speakers.
According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International(Hanban), as of 2017 some 100 million people, excluding native speakers, use Chinese ____28____ (global).
The United Nations in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language Day ____29____ falls on April 20 each year ____30____ (celebrate) cultural diversity(多样性)as well as to promote the equal use of all official languages.
(2021·四川·成都实外高一阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cambridge Dictionary has declared “upcycling” as ____31____ (it) Word of the Year 2019. ____32____ word refers to the activity of making new furniture, objects, etc. out of old or ____33____ (use) things or waste materials.
The number of times that “upcycling” has been looked ____34____ on the Cambridge Dictionary website ____35____ (rise) by 181% since December of 2011, ____36____ it was first added to the online dictionary. In the past year alone searches for the word have doubled.
Wendalyn Nichols, Publishing Manager at Cambridge Dictionary Press, believes that the word’s recent popularity is being caused by people’s growing ____37____ (conscious) of climate change and other environmental issues. “____38____ (stop) the gradual process of climate change, let alone changing it ____39____ (absolute), can seem impossible at times. Upcycling is an action a single human being can take _____40_____ (make) a difference,” he said.
Many other words on the shortlist for Word of the Year 2019 all express the same concern with the effects of climate change, including “carbon sink” and “compostable”.
(2022·陕西汉中·高一期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many factors have made China’s ancient civilization continue all the way through into modern times, one of which has been the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago, the Chinese language ___41___ (base) on pictures. People in ancient times carved some ___42___ (symbol) on animal bones and shells. It was not until the Shang Dynasty that the symbols developed ___43___ a fairly good writing system. Over the years that followed, people ___44___ (usual) lived apart from each other geographically, contributing to a wide variety of dialects and characters. Therefore, the system developed into different forms. ___45___, Emperor Qinshihuang, who united the seven states into one country, demanded that the writing system should be unified. It ___46___ (be) really an important move because that meant people could communicate with each other wherever they lived. Besides, thanks to it, people in modem times can read classic works ___47___ (write) in Chinese.
The Chinese have a high regard for the writing system, which serves as a great way ___48___ (connect) China’s present with its past. As China is playing ___49___ increasingly important role in the world at present, many foreign students are learning this ____50____ (amaze) language for the appreciation of its culture.
(2022·云南昆明·高一期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While the Internet has guaranteed the place of English as the most used language, Chinese still holds the top position as the most used mother tongue. Since Shang dynasty, Chinese people ___51___ (use) a complete system of characters. One of the great advantages of using one single writing system is that people ___52___ speak different dialects can understand each other’s writing. Therefore, communication can go on ___53___ many troubles. People in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan still write traditional Chinese characters, while people on China’s mainland use ___54___ (simplify) Chinese characters, but it does not pose much ___55___ (difficult) in recognizing the characters. Some scholars believe that Chinese characters are one of the important ___56___ (factor) that keep South and North China unbroken for ___57___ very long time. Some scholars even consider Chinese characters ___58___ (be) the Fifth Great Invention of Ancient China, alongside the other Four Great Inventions, which are paper, the compass, gunpowder and movable typography (活版印刷术). Though pronunciation marks are ___59___ (slight) different, Chinese characters ___60___ (adopt) in other languages in ancient time, which indicates China`s cultural influence on these countries since ancient times, especially during the Tang(618—907) and the Song(960—1279) dynasties.
(2022·湖南师大附中高一期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is known for its brilliant civilization that ____61____(continue) since the ancient times despite the many ups and downs in its history. It is ____62____(wide) accepted that one of the reasons has been the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago written Chinese was only symbols ____63____(carve) on animal bones or shells. During the Shang Dynasty, these symbols became a well-developed writing system in a ____64____(various) of forms. This, however, changed in the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qin Shihuang united the seven major states into one unified country ____65____ the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was ____66____ great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese also serves as a vital way ____67____(connect) China’s present with its past. People in modern times can learn about the ancient Chinese by reading their classic works or ____68____(appreciate) Chinese calligraphy.
Today, with China playing ____69____ greater role in global affairs, the Chinese writing system has established _____70_____(it) as a window through which more and more international students can access China’s culture and history.
(2022·浙江·高一期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of the effective ways to make foreign language classes interesting is using educational games, ____71____ usually provide fun and increase motivation.
That games are fun seems to be ____72____ (universal) accepted. Sometimes games are ____73____ welcome break from the usual routine of the language class. Therefore, some teachers are enthusiastic about games ____74____a teaching tool and often turn to games. To these teachers, playing games is a very good form to help achieve an active atmosphere where students can acquire knowledge as well as have fun.
Games increase motivation (动机) as well. As ____75____ (know), learning motivation promotes students ____76____ (work) for the purpose of achieving some goals. The ____77____ (strong) motivation a learner has, the more time he or she will spend ____78____ (learn) a second language. Games are motivating because they are amusing and at the same time challenging. In playing games, in order to win, to score points or to beat their competitors, students get highly motivated and ____79____ (absorb). They use the target language unconsciously in the process of playing games. Learning is hard work, _____80_____ games help students a great deal in keeping the effort of learning.
(2022·广西·柳州市第二中学高一期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内的单词的正确形式。
One of the most powerful means of communication ____81____(be) body language. Sometimes it is even ____82____ (power) than spoken language.____83____(shake) one’s head from side to side means disagreement. A smile shows happiness and kindness. People use a smile to greet each other. But not all cultures greet each other the same way. Each country may have ____84____(it) own way to express feelings. In Britain,people may keep ____85____certain distance and they usually do not touch ____86____ (strange) as soon as they meet. In Japan,they may bow to each other ____87____ they meet. In France,people shake hands and kiss each other twice with each cheek. And in South American countries,Spain or Italy, people get close ____88____ others and are likely to touch them. In China today,people may shake hands with each other,sometimes they greet each other only with a smile. Perhaps they ____89____ (kiss) or embrace in the future _____90_____(express) their strong feelings.
(2022·浙江·太湖高级中学高一期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researches ____91____ (identify) two main ways in which we learn a foreign language since 1950s. Firstly, experts talks of us acquiring(习得) language. This means____92____ same as picking up language. They say that to learn a foreign language successfully, we need lots of ____93____(expose) to it and that we learn when we are surrounded by language. We need to hear and read language which is rich in variety, interesting to us and just difficult enough for us (for example, just beyond our level), ____94____ not too difficult. We acquire language over a period of time without realizing that we are learning. Secondly, experts believe that to learn language successfully, we need to use it in communication____95____ other people. We need to use language ____96____(express) ourselves and make our meaning clear to them, and to understand them. The person we are talking to will let us know, directly or indirectly, if they have understood us or not. If they have not understood, we need to try again, ____97____ (use) other language until we manage to communicate____98____ (effective). It is this process of struggling to make meaning clear____99____ helps learners experiment with language and try out structures and vocabulary_____100_____(learn) in daily interactions to see if they help them get their message across.
参考答案:
1.updating
2.reasons
3.surprisingly
4.shortened
5.more convenient
6.a
7.is used
8.which
9.their
10.in
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了词汇变化的几个原因。
1.
考查非谓语动词。句意:随着世界的变化和自身的更新,新词应运而生。分析句子结构,空处作非谓语动词,update与逻辑主语the world之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式,作宾语补足语。故填updating。
2.
考查名词复数。句意:这些变化有各种各样的原因。空前various表示“各种各样的”,后接可数名词的复数形式。故填reasons。
3.
考查副词。句意:不足为奇的是,科技造就了许多新词。空处修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,作状语。故填surprisingly。
4.
考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,“blog”是“weblog”的缩写,是由于互联网的使用而创建的。分析句子结构,空处作非谓语动词,shorten与逻辑主语form之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式,作定语。故填shortened。
5.
考查形容词比较级。句意:在手机上互相发短信时,朋友们倾向于使用更方便、更简单的方式,如“cu18r”和“lol”。空处与easier并列,作定语修饰名词way,空处表示“更方便的”,应用形容词的比较级形式more convenient。故填more convenient。
6.
考查冠词。句意:第三,青少年对一些单词的新义产生了很大的影响。make a difference为固定短语,表示“有影响”。故填a。
7.
考查动词语态。句意:例如,“sick”表示“great”,而“Wassup”表示“Hello”。句子描述现在的一般性情况,应用一般现在时,use与主语sick之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语“sick”表示sick这个单词,是单数,be动词应用is。故填is used。
8.
考查定语从句。句意:最后一个涉及全球化,这是在世界各地传播英语的有效方式。分析句子结构,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是globalization,指物,在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9.
考查代词。句意:非英语母语者正在创造他们自己的语言形式,名为Globish。one’s own表示“某人自己的”,根据前文的speakers可知,one’s应用形容词物主代词their,表示“他们的”。故填their。
10.
考查介词。句意:将来有一天,全球语会成为最常用的语言吗?in the future为固定短语,表示“在未来”。故填in。
11.expressions
12.behavior
13.frightened
14.are said
15.cut
16.an
17.which
18.at
19.even
20.stealing
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语中与“鸡”有关的一些表达。
11.
考查名词的数。句意:英语中有几个关于鸡的表达来描述人类的行为。名词expression为可数名词,根据形容词several可知,用名词的复数形式。故填expressions。
12.
考查名词。句意:英语中有几个关于鸡的表达来描述人类的行为。形容词human后接名词形式作动词,根据句意此处用作不可数名词。故填behavior。
13.
考查形容词。句意:如果你害怕某事,你可能会被称为胆小鬼。be frightened of害怕,表示人的感受,用-ed形式形容词,frightened“感到害怕的”。故填frightened。
14.
考查时态和语态。句意:如果你以一种疯狂的方式跑来跑去——或者只是非常忙——你就被说成是像一只没头的苍蝇似的跑来跑去。根据句中时态可知,用一般现在时。主语you与say之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,主语you是复数,谓语动词用复数。故填are said。
15.
考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你以一种疯狂的方式跑来跑去——或者只是非常忙——你就被说成是像一只没头的鸡一样跑来跑去。介词with后宾语its head与cut之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填cut。
16.
考查冠词。句意:但是今天我们要学习的表达是:“Your chickens have come home to roost。”名词expression为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且发音以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
17.
考查定语从句。句意:“chicken come home to roost”意思是我们过去犯过的错误或做过的坏事又回来给我们带来麻烦,一个名叫亚历克斯的男人就发生了这种情况。指代前面一件事,在非限定性定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
18.
考查介词。句意:他很擅长一件事——撒谎。be good at擅长。故填at。
19.
考查副词。句意:他对同事撒谎,对他遇到的每个女人撒谎,对邻居撒谎,甚至对家人撒谎。结合句意可知,用副词even,表示“甚至”,用来加强语气。故填even。
20.
考查非谓语动词。句意:他被指控在工作场所偷东西。介词of后接动名词作宾语。故填stealing。
21.an
22.following
23.has grown
24.made
25.with
26.their
27.characters
28.globally
29.that##which
30.to celebrate
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了俄罗斯高考将汉语作为外语选修课的决定,以及俄罗斯大大学汉语课程内容及考试形式。
21.
考查冠词。句意:从2019年起,俄罗斯的高考——国家统一考试(Unified State Exam)将把汉语作为外语选修课。分析句子结构可知,language为可数名词,此处表示泛指,需要使用冠词修饰,elective以元音音素开头,所以应使用冠词an。故填an。
22.
考查非谓语动词。句意:汉语将成为继英语、德语、法语和西班牙语之后的第五项国家统一考试选修科目。根据句子结构分析可知,will become为句子谓语,因此follow为非谓语作状语,因主语Chinese与follow是主动关系,因此需使用现在分词的主动形式。故填following。
23.
考查动词时态。句意:据俄罗斯一家语言研究中心的一项调查显示,在俄罗斯学习汉语的人数在过去十年快速增长。根据时间状语“in the past ten years(在过去的十年里)”可知,需要使用现在完成时,主语为The number of Chinese learners,谓语动词需要使用has grown。故填has grown。
24.
考查非谓语动词。句意:据俄罗斯一家语言研究中心的一项调查显示,在俄罗斯学习汉语的人数在过去十年快速增长。根据句子结构分析可知,make为非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词survey,因为survey与make是被动关系,因此需使用过去分词的形式。故填made。
25.
考查介词。句意:学习汉语的方法因人而异,越来越多的人选择俄罗斯的大学课程。根据句子结构及非谓语动词more and more people choosing university courses in Russia可知,此处为非谓语动词,需使用介词with表独立主格,故填with。
26.
考查代词。句意:为期三个小时的汉语考试将测试学生的听力、阅读和写作能力,第四部分将测试学生的语法、词汇和汉字。修饰名词abilities,需用形容词性物主代词,此处表示“测试学生的阅读听力写作能力”,此处代词指代前句的students,因此需使用形容词性物主代词,故填their。
27.
考查名词。句意:为期三个小时的汉语考试将测试学生的听力、阅读和写作能力,第四部分将测试学生的语法、词汇和汉字。根据句意及定语Chinese可知,此处需要使用名词,因汉字是可数名词,因此需使用复数形式。故填characters。
28.
考查副词。句意:根据国际汉语委员会办公室的数据,截至2017年,全球约有1亿人(不包括母语人士)使用汉语。此处需使用副词修饰动词ues作状语。故填globally。
29.
考查定语从句。句意:联合国在2010年提出了在每年4月20日庆祝文化多样性以及促进平等使用的官方语言。空处引导定语从句,先行词为Chinese Language Day,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,因此需使用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
30.
考查非谓语动词。句意:联合国在2010年提出了在每年4月20日庆祝文化多样性以及促进平等使用的官方语言。此处需用celebrate的动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。
31.its
32.The
33.used
34.up
35.has risen
36.when
37.consciousness
38.Stopping
39.absolutely
40.to make
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“升级回收”为剑桥字典年度单词的原因以及意义。
31.
考查代词。句意:《剑桥词典》宣布“升级回收”为2019年年度词汇。空处指的是剑桥词典的年度词汇,用形容词性物主代词修饰Word。故填its。
32.
考查冠词。句意:这个词指的是用旧的或用过的东西或废料制作新的家具、物品等的活动。空这里特指upcycling这个词,所以用定冠词the。故填The。
33.
考查非谓语动词。句意:这个词指的是用旧的或用过的东西或废料制作新的家具、物品等的活动。名词things与use之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式,表示“使用过的”。故填used。
34.
考查副词。句意:自2011年12月“升级回收”一词首次被收录到在线词典以来,该词在剑桥词典网站上的查询次数上升了181%。短语look up查询。故填up。
35.
考查动词时态。句意:自2011年12月“升级回收”一词首次被收录到在线词典以来,该词在剑桥词典网站上的查询次数上升了181%。根据时间状语since December of 2011可知,本句时态为现在完成时;主语为“the number”单数,所以用has。故填has risen。
36.
考查定语从句。句意:自2011年12月“升级回收”一词首次被收录到在线词典以来,该词在剑桥词典网站上的查询次数上升了181%。句中先行词为December of 2011在,在非限定性定语从句中担当时间状语,所以用关系副词when引导。故填when。
37.
考查名词。句意:《剑桥词典》出版社的出版经理Wendalyn Nichols认为,这个词最近的流行是由于人们对气候变化和其他环境问题的意识日益增强。根据空前的growing以及空后的of可知,空处为名词形式。故填consciousness。
38.
考查非谓语动词。句意:停止气候变化的渐进过程,更不用说彻底改变它,有时似乎是不可能的。句中缺少主语,所以用动名词形式作主语。故填Stopping。
39.
考查副词。句意:“停止气候变化的渐进过程,更不用说彻底改变它,有时似乎是不可能的。修饰动词用副词形式。故填absolutely。
40.
考查非谓语动词。句意:升级回收是一个人可以改变世界的行动。用动词不定式在句中作目的状语。故填to make。
41.was based
42.symbols
43.into
44.usually
45.However
46.was
47.written
48.to connect
49.an
50.amazing
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的文字系统,其演变过程以及重要作用。
41.
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:几千年前,汉语是以图画为基础的。根据时间状语Several thousand years ago可知,时态为一般过去时;主语the Chinese language为单数,和动词base之间存在被动语态,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was based。
42.
考查名词的数。句意:古时候的人们在动物的骨头和贝壳上雕刻一些符号。根据空前的some可知,空处为可数名词的复数形式。故填symbols。
43.
考查介词。句意:直到商朝,这些符号才发展成为一种相当好的文字系统。develop into发展成为。故填into。
44.
考查副词。句意:在接下来的几年里,人们通常在地理位置上彼此远离,形成了各种各样的方言和汉字。作状语用副词形式,修饰整个句子。故填usually。
45.
考查副词。句意:然而,统一了七个国家的秦始皇要求统一文字系统。上文“Therefore, the system developed into different forms.”文字系统发展成许多种类;和下文“Emperor Qinshihuang, who united the seven states into one country, demanded that the writing system should be unified.”秦始皇要求统一文字系统,两者之间存在转折关系,应用副词however位于句首,且首字母大写。故填However。
46.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这真的是一个重要的举措,因为这意味着人们无论住在哪里都可以相互交流。根据从句中的meant可知,空处为一般过去时,主语是it,所以用单数形式。故填was。
47.
考查非谓语动词。句意:此外,由于它,现代的人们可以阅读用汉字写的经典作品。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。被修饰词works与write之间存在被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填written。
48.
考查非谓语动词。句意:中国人非常重视文字系统,它是连接中国现在和过去的一个很好的方式。a way to do sth.做某事的方式。故填to connect。
49.
考查冠词。句意:随着中国在世界上扮演着越来越重要的角色,许多外国学生正在学习这门令人惊叹的语言,以欣赏它的文化。名词role为可数名词,泛指。且increasingly发音为元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
50.
考查形容词。句意:随着中国在世界上扮演着越来越重要的角色,许多外国学生正在学习这门令人惊叹的语言,以欣赏它的文化。修饰名词language,指物,所以用-ing形式形容词。故填amazing。
51.have been using##have used
52.who##that
53.without
54.simplified
55.difficulty
56.factors
57.a
58.to be
59.slightly
60.were adopted
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉字的地位及作用,旨在增加学生对中国汉字的自豪感。
51.
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:从商朝开始,中国人一直在使用一个完整的汉字系统。根据“Since Shang dynasty”可知,此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去持续到现在,或者动作从过去持续到现在并且还将继续下去;且主语“Chinese people”和use二者之间是主动关系,主语是复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have been using/have used。
52.
考查定语从句。句意:使用单一的书写系统的最大优势之一是说不同方言的人可以理解彼此的书写(内容)。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是people,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,用 who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
53.
考查介词。句意:因此,交流不会有很大的难度。结合句子结构和句意,此处应用介词without连接,表示“没有”。故填 without。
54.
考查形容词。句意:香港、澳门和台湾地区的人们仍使用传统的汉字,而中国大陆的人们则使用简体汉字。修饰名词短语“Chinese characters”应用形容词,simplified“简化的”符合题意。故填simplified。
55.
考查词名词。句意:香港、澳门和台湾地区的人们仍使用传统的汉字,而中国大陆的人们则使用简体汉字,但是(使用简体字的人)在识别这些(传统)汉字的方面并没有太大的困难。作动词pose的宾语应用difficult的名词形式,difficulty“困难”符合题意,此处为抽象概念,不可数。故填difficulty。
56.
考查名词的单复数。句意:一些学者认为,汉字是使中国南北方在很长一段时间内保持统一的重要因素之一。factor“因素”是可数名词,one of +可数名词复数,意为“......中之一”,所以此处应用factor的复数形式。故填factors。
57.
考查冠词。句意:一些学者认为,汉字是使中国南北方在很长一段时间内保持统一的重要因素之一。固定搭配 for a long time 意为“很长一段时间内”。故填a。
58.
考查非谓语动词。句意:有的学者甚至将汉字视为和造纸术、指南针、火药和活字印刷术这四大发明并列的第五大发明。固定搭配 consider…to be 意为“把……视为”,不定式作宾补。故填to be。
59.
考查副词。句意:尽管汉字的读音略有不同,但中国汉字在古代也在其他语言中被使用。此处应用副词修饰形容词“different”,副词slightly意为“稍微”。故填slightly。
60.
考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:尽管汉字的读音略有不同,但中国汉字在古代也在其他语言中被使用。根据“in ancient time”可知,此处应用一般过去时;且主语“Chinese characters”与动词 adopt 之间是被动关系,此处应用被动语态;又因主语为复数,谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填were adopted。
61.has continued
62.widely
63.carved
64.variety
65.where##so##and
66.of
67.to connect
68.appreciating
69.a
70.itself
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国文字的历史,及其现实意义。
61.
考查时态的主谓一致。句意:中国以其灿烂的文明而闻名于世,尽管历史上经历了许多风风雨雨,但它一直延续至今。分析句子可知,空格处为定语从句中的谓语,根据时间状语since the ancient times可知,用现在完成时,结构为have/has done,关系代词that,用作从句主语,代替的先行词its brilliant civilization为单数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has continued。
62.
考查副词。句意:人们普遍认为,其中一个原因是中国的文字体系。修饰动词accepted,应用wide的副词形式。故填widely。
63.
考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年前,汉字只是刻在动物骨头或贝壳上的符号。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词carve和所修饰的名词symbols之间为被动关系,应用其过去分词carved作后置定语。故填carved。
64.
考查名词。句意:在商代,这些符号以各种形式成为一种非常发达的书写系统。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,此处应填vary的(可数)名词单数形式,a variety of“各种各样的”是固定短语。故填variety。
65.
考查定语从句以及连词。句意:秦始皇统一了七个主要国家,中国的文字系统开始朝一个方向发展。分析句子可知,空格处可以引导定语从句,先行词为one unified country,关系副词where引导从句,在从句中作地点状语;前文“Emperor Qin Shihuang united the seven major states into one unified country”和后文“the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.”之间可以看作是因果关系,可用连词so,也可以看作并列关系,可用连词and。故填where/so/ and。
66.
考查介词。句意:那个文字系统对于团结中国人民和文化非常重要。“of+抽象名词”相当于形容词,of great importance相当于very important,作表语,符合句意。故填of。
67.
考查非谓语动词。句意:书面汉语也是连接中国现在和过去的重要途径。名词way后可接动词不定式作后置定语,a way to do sth.意为“做某事的方式或方法”,符合句意。故填to connect。
68.
考查非谓语动词。句意:现代人可以通过阅读他们的经典作品或欣赏中国书法来了解中国古代。根据空格前“by reading their classic works or”可知,此处应用appreciate的动名词形式和reading并列,作介词by的宾语。故填appreciating。
69.
考查冠词。句意:今天,随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用,中国文字系统已成为越来越多的国际学生了解中国文化和历史的窗口。play a role in“起作用于”是固定短语,role是可数名词单数,应用不定冠词限定,因所连接的形容词比较级greater发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
70.
考查代词。句意:今天,随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用,中国文字系统已成为越来越多的国际学生了解中国文化和历史的窗口。establish“确立;得到认可”是及物动词,其动作对象就是主语the Chinese writing system自身,所以应用反身代词作宾语。故填itself。
71.which
72.universally
73.a
74.as
75.is known
76.to work
77.stronger
78.learning
79.absorbed
80.but
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教学游戏在外语课中的重要作用。
71.
考查定语从句。句意:让外语课变得有趣的有效方法之一是使用教育游戏,它通常提供乐趣并增加动机。分许句子可知,“_________usually provide fun and increase motivation.”为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“educational games”,指物,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
72.
考查副词。句意:游戏的乐趣似乎已被普遍接受。分许句子可知,空格处应用副词修饰“accepted”,作状语,“universal”意为“普遍的”,形容词词性,对应的副词为“universally”,意为“普遍地”。故填universally。
73.
考查冠词。句意:有时,游戏是语言课常规的一个受欢迎的休息活动。分许句子可知,句中泛指一个受欢迎的休息活动,故应用不定冠词修饰“break”,“welcome”音标的第一个音素为辅音音素,故应用不定冠词“a”修饰。故填a。
74.
考查介词。句意:因此,一些教师热衷于将游戏作为教学工具,并经常求助于游戏。根据句意可知,句中指将游戏“作为”教学工具,故空格处应用介词“as”,意为“作为”。故填as。
75.
考查时态和语态。句意:众所周知,学习动机促进学生为实现某些目标而工作。分析句子可知,句子为“As”引导的非限制性定语从句,从句陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,“As”代指“学习动机促进学生为实现某些目标而工作”这件事,在从句中作主语,与“know”之间为被动关系,故从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,“As”与“is”连用,“know”的过去分词为“known”,“as is known”意为“众所周知”。故填is known。
76.
考查固定短语。句意:众所周知,学习动机促进学生为实现某些目标而工作。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“promotes sb. to do sth.”,意为“促使某人做某事”,“work”意为“工作”,动词词性,故空格处应填“to work”。故填to work。
77.
考查形容词比较级。句意:学习者的动机越强,他或她花在学习第二语言上的时间越多。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定句型“the+形容词比较级,the+形容词比较级”,意为“越……,越……”,空格处应用形容词,作定语修饰“motivation”,“strong”意为“强烈的”,形容词词性,比较级为“stronger”。故填stronger。
78.
考查非谓语动词。句意:学习者的动机越强,他或她花在学习第二语言上的时间越多。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定句型“sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. ”,意为“某人花费时间做某事”,“learn”意为“学习”,动词词性,动名词为“learning”。故填learning。
79.
考查形容词。句意:在玩游戏时,为了获胜、得分或击败竞争对手,学生们会变得高度积极和专注。分析句子可知,“get”为系动词,后接形容词作表语,意为“变得”,“absorb”意为“吸引”,动词词性,“absorbed”意为“专注的,全神贯注的”,形容词词性。故填absorbed。
80.
考查连词。句意:学习是一项艰苦的工作,但游戏在很大程度上帮助学生保持学习的努力。分析句子可知,句中“学习是一项艰苦的工作”和“游戏在很大程度上帮助学生保持学习的努力”之间为转折关系,故应用连词“but”连接,表转折。故填but。
81.is
82.more powerful
83.Shaking
84.its
85.a
86.strangers
87.when
88.to
89.will kiss
90.to express
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。通过介绍在不同的国家身体语言的意义,说明了身体语言的重要性。
81.
考查主谓一致。句意:交流的最有力的方式之一是身体语言。由one of 最高级+加复数名词“……之一”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,陈述一般观点,用一般现在时,故填is。
82.
考查形容词。句意:有时身体语言甚至比口头语言更有力。由than可知此处表示比较,系动词is后接形容词的比较级,故填more powerful。
83.
考查动名词。句意:左右摇头意味着不同意。分析句子结构可知,空格处作主语,应使用动名词,故填Shaking。
84.
考查形容词性物主代词。句意:每个国家有其表达情感的方式。“自己的”为one’s own, 空格处应填入形容词性物主代词,故填its。
85.
考查冠词。句意:在英国,人们可能会保持某一种特定的距离,在一见面时,他们通常不会触碰陌生人。名词distance作“距离”解时为可数名词,泛指某种距离,故填a。
86.
考查名词单复数。句意:在英国,人们可能会保持某一种特定的距离,在一见面时,他们通常不会触碰陌生人。动词touch后接名词作宾语,stranger为可数名词,应使用其复数形式,故填strangers。
87.
考查时间状语从句。句意:在日本,当人们见面时,它们互相鞠躬。分析句子结构容易得知they meet作时间状语,用when引导即可,故填when。
88.
考查介词。句意:在南美国家,西班牙或者意大利,人们亲近彼此且可能会触碰他们。固定短语get close to表示“靠近、接近”,故填to。
89.
考查时态。句意:也许在未来他们会亲吻或者拥抱以表达他们强烈的情感。根据时间状语in the future可知,本句时态为一般将来时,故填will kiss。
90.
考查动词不定式。句意:也许在未来他们会亲吻或者拥抱以表达他们强烈的情感。分析句子结构可知,空格处作目的状语使用动词的不定式形式即可,故填to express。
91.have identified
92.the
93.exposure
94.but
95.with
96.to express
97.using
98.effectively
99.that
100.learned##learnt
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。自20世纪50年代以来,研究已经确定了我们学习外语的两种主要方式,文章主要对这两种学习外语的方式进行了介绍。
91.
考查现在完成时。句意:自20世纪50年代以来,研究已经确定了我们学习外语的两种主要方式。根据时间状语 since 1950s可知,空处谓语动词应用现在完成时,主语为复数名词,助动词用have。故填have identified。
92.
考查定冠词和固定搭配。句意:这和学习语言是一样的。the same as为固定搭配,表示“和……一样”,符合句意。故填the。
93.
考查名词。句意:他们说,要成功地学习一门外语,我们需要大量的接触,当我们被语言包围时,我们才会学习。空处由lots of(大量的)作定语修饰,应填名词形式exposure作宾语,表示“暴露”,且exposure为不可数名词,没有复数形式。故填exposure。
94.
考查连词。句意:我们需要听和读各种各样的语言,对我们来说是有趣的,对我们来说是足够困难的(例如,超出我们的水平),但不是太难。根据上文 just difficult enough for us 可知,这里是指要听对我们来说困难,但(but)又不是太难的语言,前后为转折关系。故填but。
95.
考查介词。句意:其次,专家认为,要成功地学习语言,我们需要在与他人的交流中使用它。communication with sb.为固定搭配,表示“与某人交流”。故填with。
96.
考查不定式。句意:我们需要用语言来表达自己,让他们明白我们的意思,并理解他们。根据句意可知,表达自己是使用语言的目的,所以空处应用不定式to express表目的。故填to express。
97.
考查现在分词。句意:如果他们没有听懂,我们需要再试一次,使用其他语言,直到我们能够有效地沟通。分析句子可知,句子已有谓语 need to,所以应用现在分词形式using,表示与其逻辑主语we的主动关系。故填using。
98.
考查副词。句意:如果他们没有听懂,我们需要再试一次,使用其他语言,直到我们能够有效地沟通。分析句子可知,这里修饰动词communicate应用副词形式effectively,表示“有效地沟通”。故填effectively。
99.
考查强调句。句意:正是这个努力把意思弄清楚的过程,帮助学习者尝试语言,尝试在日常互动中学习的结构和词汇,看看是否有助于他们把信息传达出去。分析句子可知,这里是一个强调句型It is+被强调部分+who/that......,被强调部分this process of struggling to make meaning clear,指物,所以空处应用that。故填that。
100.
考查过去分词。句意:正是这个努力把意思弄清楚的过程,帮助学习者尝试语言,尝试在日常互动中学习的结构和词汇,看看是否有助于他们把信息传达出去。分析句子可知,空处作后置定语修饰名词vocabulary,且与其互为被动关系,所以应填过去分词形式learned或learnt。
(名校最新真题)
(2022·湖北十堰·高一阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world is changing. So are the words and characters. New words are born with the world changing and ____1____ (update) itself greatly. Some existing words may develop new meanings and some may fall out of use. There are various ____2____ (reason) for these changes.
Not ____3____ (surprise), technology is responsible for a lot of new words. For example, “blog”, which is a ____4____ (shorten) form of “weblog”, was created due to Internet use. Besides, new ways of communication create new languages. When texting to each other on mobile phones, friends tend to use a ____5____ (convenient) and easier way such as “cu18r” and “lol”. Thirdly, teenagers have made ____6____ great difference to the new meanings of some words. For example, “sick” ____7____ (use) to mean “great” and “Wassup” to mean “Hello”. Fourthly, human beings’ laziness may contribute to some simplified phrases. The last involves globalization (全球化), ____8____ is an effective way of spreading English around the world. Non-native speakers of English are creating ____9____ (they) own form of language named Globish. Will Globish be the most commonly spoken language ____10____ the future one day? Only time will tell.
(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一期末)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(只填1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
English has several chicken ____11____ (expression) that describe human ____12____ (behave). For example, if you are an early riser, we might say you wake up with the chickens. If you are ____13____ (frighten) of something, you might be called a chicken. And if you run around in a crazy way - or just very busy - you ____14____ (say) to be running around like a chicken with its head ____15____ (cut) off.
But today we are going to explore ____16____ expression: “Your chickens have come home to roost.” with a little more meaning, For a chicken, to roost means to settle down for rest or sleep. But for us, the expression is not at all restful. When our chickens come home to roost it means that our past mistakes or wrongdoings have come back to cause us problems, ____17____ happened with a man named Alex. He was very good ____18____ one thing - lying. He lied to people at work, to every woman he met, to his neighbors and ____19____ to his family. Then one day, he got into serious trouble with the police. He was accused of _____20_____ (steal) from his workplace. And this time, no one came to help. After years of lying to people, his chickens had finally come home to roost. He was on his own.
(2022·陕西·宝鸡市金台区教育体育局教研室高一期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The national college entrance examination in Russia, Unified State Exam, will include Chinese as ____21____ elective foreign language starting from 2019. Chinese will become the fifth elective test item for the Unified State Exam ____22____ (follow) English, German, French and Spanish.
The number of Chinese learners in Russia ____23____ (grow) quickly in the past ten years, according to a survey ____24____ (make) by a linguistic research center in Russia.
Approaches to learning Chinese change from person to person, ____25____ more and more people choosing university courses in Russia.
The three hour-long Chinese test will quiz students on ____26____ (they) listening, reading and writing abilities, and a fourth section will examine students on grammar, vocabulary and Chinese ____27____ (character). Some parts in the exam are even a little bit difficult for native Chinese speakers.
According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International(Hanban), as of 2017 some 100 million people, excluding native speakers, use Chinese ____28____ (global).
The United Nations in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language Day ____29____ falls on April 20 each year ____30____ (celebrate) cultural diversity(多样性)as well as to promote the equal use of all official languages.
(2021·四川·成都实外高一阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cambridge Dictionary has declared “upcycling” as ____31____ (it) Word of the Year 2019. ____32____ word refers to the activity of making new furniture, objects, etc. out of old or ____33____ (use) things or waste materials.
The number of times that “upcycling” has been looked ____34____ on the Cambridge Dictionary website ____35____ (rise) by 181% since December of 2011, ____36____ it was first added to the online dictionary. In the past year alone searches for the word have doubled.
Wendalyn Nichols, Publishing Manager at Cambridge Dictionary Press, believes that the word’s recent popularity is being caused by people’s growing ____37____ (conscious) of climate change and other environmental issues. “____38____ (stop) the gradual process of climate change, let alone changing it ____39____ (absolute), can seem impossible at times. Upcycling is an action a single human being can take _____40_____ (make) a difference,” he said.
Many other words on the shortlist for Word of the Year 2019 all express the same concern with the effects of climate change, including “carbon sink” and “compostable”.
(2022·陕西汉中·高一期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many factors have made China’s ancient civilization continue all the way through into modern times, one of which has been the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago, the Chinese language ___41___ (base) on pictures. People in ancient times carved some ___42___ (symbol) on animal bones and shells. It was not until the Shang Dynasty that the symbols developed ___43___ a fairly good writing system. Over the years that followed, people ___44___ (usual) lived apart from each other geographically, contributing to a wide variety of dialects and characters. Therefore, the system developed into different forms. ___45___, Emperor Qinshihuang, who united the seven states into one country, demanded that the writing system should be unified. It ___46___ (be) really an important move because that meant people could communicate with each other wherever they lived. Besides, thanks to it, people in modem times can read classic works ___47___ (write) in Chinese.
The Chinese have a high regard for the writing system, which serves as a great way ___48___ (connect) China’s present with its past. As China is playing ___49___ increasingly important role in the world at present, many foreign students are learning this ____50____ (amaze) language for the appreciation of its culture.
(2022·云南昆明·高一期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While the Internet has guaranteed the place of English as the most used language, Chinese still holds the top position as the most used mother tongue. Since Shang dynasty, Chinese people ___51___ (use) a complete system of characters. One of the great advantages of using one single writing system is that people ___52___ speak different dialects can understand each other’s writing. Therefore, communication can go on ___53___ many troubles. People in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan still write traditional Chinese characters, while people on China’s mainland use ___54___ (simplify) Chinese characters, but it does not pose much ___55___ (difficult) in recognizing the characters. Some scholars believe that Chinese characters are one of the important ___56___ (factor) that keep South and North China unbroken for ___57___ very long time. Some scholars even consider Chinese characters ___58___ (be) the Fifth Great Invention of Ancient China, alongside the other Four Great Inventions, which are paper, the compass, gunpowder and movable typography (活版印刷术). Though pronunciation marks are ___59___ (slight) different, Chinese characters ___60___ (adopt) in other languages in ancient time, which indicates China`s cultural influence on these countries since ancient times, especially during the Tang(618—907) and the Song(960—1279) dynasties.
(2022·湖南师大附中高一期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is known for its brilliant civilization that ____61____(continue) since the ancient times despite the many ups and downs in its history. It is ____62____(wide) accepted that one of the reasons has been the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago written Chinese was only symbols ____63____(carve) on animal bones or shells. During the Shang Dynasty, these symbols became a well-developed writing system in a ____64____(various) of forms. This, however, changed in the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qin Shihuang united the seven major states into one unified country ____65____ the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was ____66____ great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese also serves as a vital way ____67____(connect) China’s present with its past. People in modern times can learn about the ancient Chinese by reading their classic works or ____68____(appreciate) Chinese calligraphy.
Today, with China playing ____69____ greater role in global affairs, the Chinese writing system has established _____70_____(it) as a window through which more and more international students can access China’s culture and history.
(2022·浙江·高一期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of the effective ways to make foreign language classes interesting is using educational games, ____71____ usually provide fun and increase motivation.
That games are fun seems to be ____72____ (universal) accepted. Sometimes games are ____73____ welcome break from the usual routine of the language class. Therefore, some teachers are enthusiastic about games ____74____a teaching tool and often turn to games. To these teachers, playing games is a very good form to help achieve an active atmosphere where students can acquire knowledge as well as have fun.
Games increase motivation (动机) as well. As ____75____ (know), learning motivation promotes students ____76____ (work) for the purpose of achieving some goals. The ____77____ (strong) motivation a learner has, the more time he or she will spend ____78____ (learn) a second language. Games are motivating because they are amusing and at the same time challenging. In playing games, in order to win, to score points or to beat their competitors, students get highly motivated and ____79____ (absorb). They use the target language unconsciously in the process of playing games. Learning is hard work, _____80_____ games help students a great deal in keeping the effort of learning.
(2022·广西·柳州市第二中学高一期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内的单词的正确形式。
One of the most powerful means of communication ____81____(be) body language. Sometimes it is even ____82____ (power) than spoken language.____83____(shake) one’s head from side to side means disagreement. A smile shows happiness and kindness. People use a smile to greet each other. But not all cultures greet each other the same way. Each country may have ____84____(it) own way to express feelings. In Britain,people may keep ____85____certain distance and they usually do not touch ____86____ (strange) as soon as they meet. In Japan,they may bow to each other ____87____ they meet. In France,people shake hands and kiss each other twice with each cheek. And in South American countries,Spain or Italy, people get close ____88____ others and are likely to touch them. In China today,people may shake hands with each other,sometimes they greet each other only with a smile. Perhaps they ____89____ (kiss) or embrace in the future _____90_____(express) their strong feelings.
(2022·浙江·太湖高级中学高一期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researches ____91____ (identify) two main ways in which we learn a foreign language since 1950s. Firstly, experts talks of us acquiring(习得) language. This means____92____ same as picking up language. They say that to learn a foreign language successfully, we need lots of ____93____(expose) to it and that we learn when we are surrounded by language. We need to hear and read language which is rich in variety, interesting to us and just difficult enough for us (for example, just beyond our level), ____94____ not too difficult. We acquire language over a period of time without realizing that we are learning. Secondly, experts believe that to learn language successfully, we need to use it in communication____95____ other people. We need to use language ____96____(express) ourselves and make our meaning clear to them, and to understand them. The person we are talking to will let us know, directly or indirectly, if they have understood us or not. If they have not understood, we need to try again, ____97____ (use) other language until we manage to communicate____98____ (effective). It is this process of struggling to make meaning clear____99____ helps learners experiment with language and try out structures and vocabulary_____100_____(learn) in daily interactions to see if they help them get their message across.
参考答案:
1.updating
2.reasons
3.surprisingly
4.shortened
5.more convenient
6.a
7.is used
8.which
9.their
10.in
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了词汇变化的几个原因。
1.
考查非谓语动词。句意:随着世界的变化和自身的更新,新词应运而生。分析句子结构,空处作非谓语动词,update与逻辑主语the world之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式,作宾语补足语。故填updating。
2.
考查名词复数。句意:这些变化有各种各样的原因。空前various表示“各种各样的”,后接可数名词的复数形式。故填reasons。
3.
考查副词。句意:不足为奇的是,科技造就了许多新词。空处修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,作状语。故填surprisingly。
4.
考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,“blog”是“weblog”的缩写,是由于互联网的使用而创建的。分析句子结构,空处作非谓语动词,shorten与逻辑主语form之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式,作定语。故填shortened。
5.
考查形容词比较级。句意:在手机上互相发短信时,朋友们倾向于使用更方便、更简单的方式,如“cu18r”和“lol”。空处与easier并列,作定语修饰名词way,空处表示“更方便的”,应用形容词的比较级形式more convenient。故填more convenient。
6.
考查冠词。句意:第三,青少年对一些单词的新义产生了很大的影响。make a difference为固定短语,表示“有影响”。故填a。
7.
考查动词语态。句意:例如,“sick”表示“great”,而“Wassup”表示“Hello”。句子描述现在的一般性情况,应用一般现在时,use与主语sick之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语“sick”表示sick这个单词,是单数,be动词应用is。故填is used。
8.
考查定语从句。句意:最后一个涉及全球化,这是在世界各地传播英语的有效方式。分析句子结构,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是globalization,指物,在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9.
考查代词。句意:非英语母语者正在创造他们自己的语言形式,名为Globish。one’s own表示“某人自己的”,根据前文的speakers可知,one’s应用形容词物主代词their,表示“他们的”。故填their。
10.
考查介词。句意:将来有一天,全球语会成为最常用的语言吗?in the future为固定短语,表示“在未来”。故填in。
11.expressions
12.behavior
13.frightened
14.are said
15.cut
16.an
17.which
18.at
19.even
20.stealing
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语中与“鸡”有关的一些表达。
11.
考查名词的数。句意:英语中有几个关于鸡的表达来描述人类的行为。名词expression为可数名词,根据形容词several可知,用名词的复数形式。故填expressions。
12.
考查名词。句意:英语中有几个关于鸡的表达来描述人类的行为。形容词human后接名词形式作动词,根据句意此处用作不可数名词。故填behavior。
13.
考查形容词。句意:如果你害怕某事,你可能会被称为胆小鬼。be frightened of害怕,表示人的感受,用-ed形式形容词,frightened“感到害怕的”。故填frightened。
14.
考查时态和语态。句意:如果你以一种疯狂的方式跑来跑去——或者只是非常忙——你就被说成是像一只没头的苍蝇似的跑来跑去。根据句中时态可知,用一般现在时。主语you与say之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,主语you是复数,谓语动词用复数。故填are said。
15.
考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你以一种疯狂的方式跑来跑去——或者只是非常忙——你就被说成是像一只没头的鸡一样跑来跑去。介词with后宾语its head与cut之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填cut。
16.
考查冠词。句意:但是今天我们要学习的表达是:“Your chickens have come home to roost。”名词expression为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且发音以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
17.
考查定语从句。句意:“chicken come home to roost”意思是我们过去犯过的错误或做过的坏事又回来给我们带来麻烦,一个名叫亚历克斯的男人就发生了这种情况。指代前面一件事,在非限定性定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
18.
考查介词。句意:他很擅长一件事——撒谎。be good at擅长。故填at。
19.
考查副词。句意:他对同事撒谎,对他遇到的每个女人撒谎,对邻居撒谎,甚至对家人撒谎。结合句意可知,用副词even,表示“甚至”,用来加强语气。故填even。
20.
考查非谓语动词。句意:他被指控在工作场所偷东西。介词of后接动名词作宾语。故填stealing。
21.an
22.following
23.has grown
24.made
25.with
26.their
27.characters
28.globally
29.that##which
30.to celebrate
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了俄罗斯高考将汉语作为外语选修课的决定,以及俄罗斯大大学汉语课程内容及考试形式。
21.
考查冠词。句意:从2019年起,俄罗斯的高考——国家统一考试(Unified State Exam)将把汉语作为外语选修课。分析句子结构可知,language为可数名词,此处表示泛指,需要使用冠词修饰,elective以元音音素开头,所以应使用冠词an。故填an。
22.
考查非谓语动词。句意:汉语将成为继英语、德语、法语和西班牙语之后的第五项国家统一考试选修科目。根据句子结构分析可知,will become为句子谓语,因此follow为非谓语作状语,因主语Chinese与follow是主动关系,因此需使用现在分词的主动形式。故填following。
23.
考查动词时态。句意:据俄罗斯一家语言研究中心的一项调查显示,在俄罗斯学习汉语的人数在过去十年快速增长。根据时间状语“in the past ten years(在过去的十年里)”可知,需要使用现在完成时,主语为The number of Chinese learners,谓语动词需要使用has grown。故填has grown。
24.
考查非谓语动词。句意:据俄罗斯一家语言研究中心的一项调查显示,在俄罗斯学习汉语的人数在过去十年快速增长。根据句子结构分析可知,make为非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词survey,因为survey与make是被动关系,因此需使用过去分词的形式。故填made。
25.
考查介词。句意:学习汉语的方法因人而异,越来越多的人选择俄罗斯的大学课程。根据句子结构及非谓语动词more and more people choosing university courses in Russia可知,此处为非谓语动词,需使用介词with表独立主格,故填with。
26.
考查代词。句意:为期三个小时的汉语考试将测试学生的听力、阅读和写作能力,第四部分将测试学生的语法、词汇和汉字。修饰名词abilities,需用形容词性物主代词,此处表示“测试学生的阅读听力写作能力”,此处代词指代前句的students,因此需使用形容词性物主代词,故填their。
27.
考查名词。句意:为期三个小时的汉语考试将测试学生的听力、阅读和写作能力,第四部分将测试学生的语法、词汇和汉字。根据句意及定语Chinese可知,此处需要使用名词,因汉字是可数名词,因此需使用复数形式。故填characters。
28.
考查副词。句意:根据国际汉语委员会办公室的数据,截至2017年,全球约有1亿人(不包括母语人士)使用汉语。此处需使用副词修饰动词ues作状语。故填globally。
29.
考查定语从句。句意:联合国在2010年提出了在每年4月20日庆祝文化多样性以及促进平等使用的官方语言。空处引导定语从句,先行词为Chinese Language Day,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,因此需使用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
30.
考查非谓语动词。句意:联合国在2010年提出了在每年4月20日庆祝文化多样性以及促进平等使用的官方语言。此处需用celebrate的动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。
31.its
32.The
33.used
34.up
35.has risen
36.when
37.consciousness
38.Stopping
39.absolutely
40.to make
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“升级回收”为剑桥字典年度单词的原因以及意义。
31.
考查代词。句意:《剑桥词典》宣布“升级回收”为2019年年度词汇。空处指的是剑桥词典的年度词汇,用形容词性物主代词修饰Word。故填its。
32.
考查冠词。句意:这个词指的是用旧的或用过的东西或废料制作新的家具、物品等的活动。空这里特指upcycling这个词,所以用定冠词the。故填The。
33.
考查非谓语动词。句意:这个词指的是用旧的或用过的东西或废料制作新的家具、物品等的活动。名词things与use之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式,表示“使用过的”。故填used。
34.
考查副词。句意:自2011年12月“升级回收”一词首次被收录到在线词典以来,该词在剑桥词典网站上的查询次数上升了181%。短语look up查询。故填up。
35.
考查动词时态。句意:自2011年12月“升级回收”一词首次被收录到在线词典以来,该词在剑桥词典网站上的查询次数上升了181%。根据时间状语since December of 2011可知,本句时态为现在完成时;主语为“the number”单数,所以用has。故填has risen。
36.
考查定语从句。句意:自2011年12月“升级回收”一词首次被收录到在线词典以来,该词在剑桥词典网站上的查询次数上升了181%。句中先行词为December of 2011在,在非限定性定语从句中担当时间状语,所以用关系副词when引导。故填when。
37.
考查名词。句意:《剑桥词典》出版社的出版经理Wendalyn Nichols认为,这个词最近的流行是由于人们对气候变化和其他环境问题的意识日益增强。根据空前的growing以及空后的of可知,空处为名词形式。故填consciousness。
38.
考查非谓语动词。句意:停止气候变化的渐进过程,更不用说彻底改变它,有时似乎是不可能的。句中缺少主语,所以用动名词形式作主语。故填Stopping。
39.
考查副词。句意:“停止气候变化的渐进过程,更不用说彻底改变它,有时似乎是不可能的。修饰动词用副词形式。故填absolutely。
40.
考查非谓语动词。句意:升级回收是一个人可以改变世界的行动。用动词不定式在句中作目的状语。故填to make。
41.was based
42.symbols
43.into
44.usually
45.However
46.was
47.written
48.to connect
49.an
50.amazing
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的文字系统,其演变过程以及重要作用。
41.
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:几千年前,汉语是以图画为基础的。根据时间状语Several thousand years ago可知,时态为一般过去时;主语the Chinese language为单数,和动词base之间存在被动语态,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was based。
42.
考查名词的数。句意:古时候的人们在动物的骨头和贝壳上雕刻一些符号。根据空前的some可知,空处为可数名词的复数形式。故填symbols。
43.
考查介词。句意:直到商朝,这些符号才发展成为一种相当好的文字系统。develop into发展成为。故填into。
44.
考查副词。句意:在接下来的几年里,人们通常在地理位置上彼此远离,形成了各种各样的方言和汉字。作状语用副词形式,修饰整个句子。故填usually。
45.
考查副词。句意:然而,统一了七个国家的秦始皇要求统一文字系统。上文“Therefore, the system developed into different forms.”文字系统发展成许多种类;和下文“Emperor Qinshihuang, who united the seven states into one country, demanded that the writing system should be unified.”秦始皇要求统一文字系统,两者之间存在转折关系,应用副词however位于句首,且首字母大写。故填However。
46.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这真的是一个重要的举措,因为这意味着人们无论住在哪里都可以相互交流。根据从句中的meant可知,空处为一般过去时,主语是it,所以用单数形式。故填was。
47.
考查非谓语动词。句意:此外,由于它,现代的人们可以阅读用汉字写的经典作品。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。被修饰词works与write之间存在被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填written。
48.
考查非谓语动词。句意:中国人非常重视文字系统,它是连接中国现在和过去的一个很好的方式。a way to do sth.做某事的方式。故填to connect。
49.
考查冠词。句意:随着中国在世界上扮演着越来越重要的角色,许多外国学生正在学习这门令人惊叹的语言,以欣赏它的文化。名词role为可数名词,泛指。且increasingly发音为元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
50.
考查形容词。句意:随着中国在世界上扮演着越来越重要的角色,许多外国学生正在学习这门令人惊叹的语言,以欣赏它的文化。修饰名词language,指物,所以用-ing形式形容词。故填amazing。
51.have been using##have used
52.who##that
53.without
54.simplified
55.difficulty
56.factors
57.a
58.to be
59.slightly
60.were adopted
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉字的地位及作用,旨在增加学生对中国汉字的自豪感。
51.
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:从商朝开始,中国人一直在使用一个完整的汉字系统。根据“Since Shang dynasty”可知,此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去持续到现在,或者动作从过去持续到现在并且还将继续下去;且主语“Chinese people”和use二者之间是主动关系,主语是复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have been using/have used。
52.
考查定语从句。句意:使用单一的书写系统的最大优势之一是说不同方言的人可以理解彼此的书写(内容)。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是people,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,用 who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
53.
考查介词。句意:因此,交流不会有很大的难度。结合句子结构和句意,此处应用介词without连接,表示“没有”。故填 without。
54.
考查形容词。句意:香港、澳门和台湾地区的人们仍使用传统的汉字,而中国大陆的人们则使用简体汉字。修饰名词短语“Chinese characters”应用形容词,simplified“简化的”符合题意。故填simplified。
55.
考查词名词。句意:香港、澳门和台湾地区的人们仍使用传统的汉字,而中国大陆的人们则使用简体汉字,但是(使用简体字的人)在识别这些(传统)汉字的方面并没有太大的困难。作动词pose的宾语应用difficult的名词形式,difficulty“困难”符合题意,此处为抽象概念,不可数。故填difficulty。
56.
考查名词的单复数。句意:一些学者认为,汉字是使中国南北方在很长一段时间内保持统一的重要因素之一。factor“因素”是可数名词,one of +可数名词复数,意为“......中之一”,所以此处应用factor的复数形式。故填factors。
57.
考查冠词。句意:一些学者认为,汉字是使中国南北方在很长一段时间内保持统一的重要因素之一。固定搭配 for a long time 意为“很长一段时间内”。故填a。
58.
考查非谓语动词。句意:有的学者甚至将汉字视为和造纸术、指南针、火药和活字印刷术这四大发明并列的第五大发明。固定搭配 consider…to be 意为“把……视为”,不定式作宾补。故填to be。
59.
考查副词。句意:尽管汉字的读音略有不同,但中国汉字在古代也在其他语言中被使用。此处应用副词修饰形容词“different”,副词slightly意为“稍微”。故填slightly。
60.
考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:尽管汉字的读音略有不同,但中国汉字在古代也在其他语言中被使用。根据“in ancient time”可知,此处应用一般过去时;且主语“Chinese characters”与动词 adopt 之间是被动关系,此处应用被动语态;又因主语为复数,谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填were adopted。
61.has continued
62.widely
63.carved
64.variety
65.where##so##and
66.of
67.to connect
68.appreciating
69.a
70.itself
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国文字的历史,及其现实意义。
61.
考查时态的主谓一致。句意:中国以其灿烂的文明而闻名于世,尽管历史上经历了许多风风雨雨,但它一直延续至今。分析句子可知,空格处为定语从句中的谓语,根据时间状语since the ancient times可知,用现在完成时,结构为have/has done,关系代词that,用作从句主语,代替的先行词its brilliant civilization为单数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has continued。
62.
考查副词。句意:人们普遍认为,其中一个原因是中国的文字体系。修饰动词accepted,应用wide的副词形式。故填widely。
63.
考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年前,汉字只是刻在动物骨头或贝壳上的符号。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词carve和所修饰的名词symbols之间为被动关系,应用其过去分词carved作后置定语。故填carved。
64.
考查名词。句意:在商代,这些符号以各种形式成为一种非常发达的书写系统。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,此处应填vary的(可数)名词单数形式,a variety of“各种各样的”是固定短语。故填variety。
65.
考查定语从句以及连词。句意:秦始皇统一了七个主要国家,中国的文字系统开始朝一个方向发展。分析句子可知,空格处可以引导定语从句,先行词为one unified country,关系副词where引导从句,在从句中作地点状语;前文“Emperor Qin Shihuang united the seven major states into one unified country”和后文“the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.”之间可以看作是因果关系,可用连词so,也可以看作并列关系,可用连词and。故填where/so/ and。
66.
考查介词。句意:那个文字系统对于团结中国人民和文化非常重要。“of+抽象名词”相当于形容词,of great importance相当于very important,作表语,符合句意。故填of。
67.
考查非谓语动词。句意:书面汉语也是连接中国现在和过去的重要途径。名词way后可接动词不定式作后置定语,a way to do sth.意为“做某事的方式或方法”,符合句意。故填to connect。
68.
考查非谓语动词。句意:现代人可以通过阅读他们的经典作品或欣赏中国书法来了解中国古代。根据空格前“by reading their classic works or”可知,此处应用appreciate的动名词形式和reading并列,作介词by的宾语。故填appreciating。
69.
考查冠词。句意:今天,随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用,中国文字系统已成为越来越多的国际学生了解中国文化和历史的窗口。play a role in“起作用于”是固定短语,role是可数名词单数,应用不定冠词限定,因所连接的形容词比较级greater发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
70.
考查代词。句意:今天,随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用,中国文字系统已成为越来越多的国际学生了解中国文化和历史的窗口。establish“确立;得到认可”是及物动词,其动作对象就是主语the Chinese writing system自身,所以应用反身代词作宾语。故填itself。
71.which
72.universally
73.a
74.as
75.is known
76.to work
77.stronger
78.learning
79.absorbed
80.but
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教学游戏在外语课中的重要作用。
71.
考查定语从句。句意:让外语课变得有趣的有效方法之一是使用教育游戏,它通常提供乐趣并增加动机。分许句子可知,“_________usually provide fun and increase motivation.”为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“educational games”,指物,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
72.
考查副词。句意:游戏的乐趣似乎已被普遍接受。分许句子可知,空格处应用副词修饰“accepted”,作状语,“universal”意为“普遍的”,形容词词性,对应的副词为“universally”,意为“普遍地”。故填universally。
73.
考查冠词。句意:有时,游戏是语言课常规的一个受欢迎的休息活动。分许句子可知,句中泛指一个受欢迎的休息活动,故应用不定冠词修饰“break”,“welcome”音标的第一个音素为辅音音素,故应用不定冠词“a”修饰。故填a。
74.
考查介词。句意:因此,一些教师热衷于将游戏作为教学工具,并经常求助于游戏。根据句意可知,句中指将游戏“作为”教学工具,故空格处应用介词“as”,意为“作为”。故填as。
75.
考查时态和语态。句意:众所周知,学习动机促进学生为实现某些目标而工作。分析句子可知,句子为“As”引导的非限制性定语从句,从句陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,“As”代指“学习动机促进学生为实现某些目标而工作”这件事,在从句中作主语,与“know”之间为被动关系,故从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,“As”与“is”连用,“know”的过去分词为“known”,“as is known”意为“众所周知”。故填is known。
76.
考查固定短语。句意:众所周知,学习动机促进学生为实现某些目标而工作。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“promotes sb. to do sth.”,意为“促使某人做某事”,“work”意为“工作”,动词词性,故空格处应填“to work”。故填to work。
77.
考查形容词比较级。句意:学习者的动机越强,他或她花在学习第二语言上的时间越多。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定句型“the+形容词比较级,the+形容词比较级”,意为“越……,越……”,空格处应用形容词,作定语修饰“motivation”,“strong”意为“强烈的”,形容词词性,比较级为“stronger”。故填stronger。
78.
考查非谓语动词。句意:学习者的动机越强,他或她花在学习第二语言上的时间越多。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定句型“sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. ”,意为“某人花费时间做某事”,“learn”意为“学习”,动词词性,动名词为“learning”。故填learning。
79.
考查形容词。句意:在玩游戏时,为了获胜、得分或击败竞争对手,学生们会变得高度积极和专注。分析句子可知,“get”为系动词,后接形容词作表语,意为“变得”,“absorb”意为“吸引”,动词词性,“absorbed”意为“专注的,全神贯注的”,形容词词性。故填absorbed。
80.
考查连词。句意:学习是一项艰苦的工作,但游戏在很大程度上帮助学生保持学习的努力。分析句子可知,句中“学习是一项艰苦的工作”和“游戏在很大程度上帮助学生保持学习的努力”之间为转折关系,故应用连词“but”连接,表转折。故填but。
81.is
82.more powerful
83.Shaking
84.its
85.a
86.strangers
87.when
88.to
89.will kiss
90.to express
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。通过介绍在不同的国家身体语言的意义,说明了身体语言的重要性。
81.
考查主谓一致。句意:交流的最有力的方式之一是身体语言。由one of 最高级+加复数名词“……之一”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,陈述一般观点,用一般现在时,故填is。
82.
考查形容词。句意:有时身体语言甚至比口头语言更有力。由than可知此处表示比较,系动词is后接形容词的比较级,故填more powerful。
83.
考查动名词。句意:左右摇头意味着不同意。分析句子结构可知,空格处作主语,应使用动名词,故填Shaking。
84.
考查形容词性物主代词。句意:每个国家有其表达情感的方式。“自己的”为one’s own, 空格处应填入形容词性物主代词,故填its。
85.
考查冠词。句意:在英国,人们可能会保持某一种特定的距离,在一见面时,他们通常不会触碰陌生人。名词distance作“距离”解时为可数名词,泛指某种距离,故填a。
86.
考查名词单复数。句意:在英国,人们可能会保持某一种特定的距离,在一见面时,他们通常不会触碰陌生人。动词touch后接名词作宾语,stranger为可数名词,应使用其复数形式,故填strangers。
87.
考查时间状语从句。句意:在日本,当人们见面时,它们互相鞠躬。分析句子结构容易得知they meet作时间状语,用when引导即可,故填when。
88.
考查介词。句意:在南美国家,西班牙或者意大利,人们亲近彼此且可能会触碰他们。固定短语get close to表示“靠近、接近”,故填to。
89.
考查时态。句意:也许在未来他们会亲吻或者拥抱以表达他们强烈的情感。根据时间状语in the future可知,本句时态为一般将来时,故填will kiss。
90.
考查动词不定式。句意:也许在未来他们会亲吻或者拥抱以表达他们强烈的情感。分析句子结构可知,空格处作目的状语使用动词的不定式形式即可,故填to express。
91.have identified
92.the
93.exposure
94.but
95.with
96.to express
97.using
98.effectively
99.that
100.learned##learnt
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。自20世纪50年代以来,研究已经确定了我们学习外语的两种主要方式,文章主要对这两种学习外语的方式进行了介绍。
91.
考查现在完成时。句意:自20世纪50年代以来,研究已经确定了我们学习外语的两种主要方式。根据时间状语 since 1950s可知,空处谓语动词应用现在完成时,主语为复数名词,助动词用have。故填have identified。
92.
考查定冠词和固定搭配。句意:这和学习语言是一样的。the same as为固定搭配,表示“和……一样”,符合句意。故填the。
93.
考查名词。句意:他们说,要成功地学习一门外语,我们需要大量的接触,当我们被语言包围时,我们才会学习。空处由lots of(大量的)作定语修饰,应填名词形式exposure作宾语,表示“暴露”,且exposure为不可数名词,没有复数形式。故填exposure。
94.
考查连词。句意:我们需要听和读各种各样的语言,对我们来说是有趣的,对我们来说是足够困难的(例如,超出我们的水平),但不是太难。根据上文 just difficult enough for us 可知,这里是指要听对我们来说困难,但(but)又不是太难的语言,前后为转折关系。故填but。
95.
考查介词。句意:其次,专家认为,要成功地学习语言,我们需要在与他人的交流中使用它。communication with sb.为固定搭配,表示“与某人交流”。故填with。
96.
考查不定式。句意:我们需要用语言来表达自己,让他们明白我们的意思,并理解他们。根据句意可知,表达自己是使用语言的目的,所以空处应用不定式to express表目的。故填to express。
97.
考查现在分词。句意:如果他们没有听懂,我们需要再试一次,使用其他语言,直到我们能够有效地沟通。分析句子可知,句子已有谓语 need to,所以应用现在分词形式using,表示与其逻辑主语we的主动关系。故填using。
98.
考查副词。句意:如果他们没有听懂,我们需要再试一次,使用其他语言,直到我们能够有效地沟通。分析句子可知,这里修饰动词communicate应用副词形式effectively,表示“有效地沟通”。故填effectively。
99.
考查强调句。句意:正是这个努力把意思弄清楚的过程,帮助学习者尝试语言,尝试在日常互动中学习的结构和词汇,看看是否有助于他们把信息传达出去。分析句子可知,这里是一个强调句型It is+被强调部分+who/that......,被强调部分this process of struggling to make meaning clear,指物,所以空处应用that。故填that。
100.
考查过去分词。句意:正是这个努力把意思弄清楚的过程,帮助学习者尝试语言,尝试在日常互动中学习的结构和词汇,看看是否有助于他们把信息传达出去。分析句子可知,空处作后置定语修饰名词vocabulary,且与其互为被动关系,所以应填过去分词形式learned或learnt。
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