牛津译林版英语八年级上册8AUnit1--Unit8知识点归纳

牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit8知识点归纳
Unit1
1.nothing else 没有其他东西 what else / where else （else的用法）
2.join a writing competition参加写作竞赛hold a writing competition 举行写作竞赛
3.qualities of a good friend 好朋友的品行
make your friend so special 使你的朋友如此特别
4.keep secrets =keep a secret 保密 keep secrets for sb 为某人保密
5.share one's joy 分享某人的快乐 to one's joy 使某人高兴的是……
6.make sb happy / sad 使某人高兴/悲伤
7.believe what he/she says = believe his / her words 相信他/她说的话
8.have problems /trouble with sth = have problems/trouble (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有困难
9.a musical child 一个有音乐天赋的孩子 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 music 音乐（不可数名词）-musical（adj）爱好音乐的;有音乐天赋的musician（n）音乐家
10.be generous to sb 对某人慷慨/大方
11.be willing/ready to do sth 愿意做某事
12.be ready to help people any time 任何时候愿意帮助别人 be ready to help others 乐于助人 be ready to do sth 乐意做某事/准备做某事
get ready to do sth 准备做某事 get ready for sth 为……作准备 = prepare for sth
13.give seats to someone in need 让座给需要帮助的人
be in ( great) need of sth (急)需要 (主语是需要的人或地方)
We are in great need of food and water
14.travel around the world 周游世界 grow up 成长、长大
15.have poor eyesight 视力差 eyesight 不可数名词 视力
16.because of working on the computer too much at night
由于晚上在电脑上做功课太多=because he works on the computer too much at night
because of 因为 后面加短语 because 因为 是连词,后面加原因状语从句
17.make him look smart 使他看上去很聪明 make sb laugh 使某人大笑
18.a sense of humour 幽默感 have a good sense of humour 很有幽默感
humo(u)r (n) 幽默--humorous(adj) 幽默的 a humorous writer
have a sense of humour/time/duty/beauty……有幽默感 /时间感 /责任感 /美感
19.feel bored or unhappy 感到无聊或不高兴 feel nervous and really uncomfortable
20.tell funny jokes 讲有趣的笑话 tell me funny jokes 给我讲有趣的笑话
21.walk past 经过
22.knock……off…… 将……从……碰落 knock into 与……相撞
23.think of 想起、记起、想出 think over 仔细考虑(代词放中间) think about/of （doing）考虑做某事
24.a true friend 一个真正的朋友 true (adj)---truly(adv)--truth(n)真相、真理
25.sth worry sb 某事使某人麻烦 sb worry about sb/sth = sb be worried about 某人为……担心
make sb worried 使某人焦急/担心
26.say a bad word about sb 说某人坏话
27.tell others her friends' secrets 将朋友的秘密告诉别人
28.almost 1.75 metres tall 大约1.75米高 = almost 1.75 metres in height
29.have /wear shoulder-length hair 留着齐肩的头发
30.vote for sb 投票选举、投票赞成 vote against sb 投票反对
31.a square face 四方脸 a round face 圆脸
32.in the drawing competition 在绘画竟赛中 33.outdoor activities 户外活动
34.both……and…… 不但……而且…… make friends with 与……交朋友
35.help people solve problems 帮助人们解决难题
36.try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事
try / do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事
37.a social worker 社会工作者 a famous singer 一个著名的歌手
hope to be a famous social worker希望成为一著名的社会工作者
be famous for 因……而著名 / be famous as 以……（身份）出名
China is famous for the Great Wall. He is famous as a writer.
38.listen to people's problems 倾听人们的疾苦\听取民声
39.future plans 未来计划 in the future 在将来 in future = from now on 从今以后
40.on the left 在左边 look sporty 看上去爱好运动
41.live next door（to sb）住在（某人）隔壁
42.know sb /sth very well 对……很熟悉/了解
43.sit alone in the playground 独自坐在操场上
would like to do sth = want to do sth = feel like doing sth 想要做某事
44.miss my old classmates very much 非常想念我的老同学
miss the train 错过火车a missing key 一把丢失的钥匙
45.give sb some advice = give some advice to sb 给某人一些建议
advice 不可数名词 建议
give sb some advice on 就 ……给某人提建议 / a piece of advice 一条建议
46.a pleasant trip/weather 令人愉快的旅行/宜人的天气
47.move to Beijing 搬到北京 move into a new house 搬进新房子
48.smiling eyes 微笑的眼睛 with a smile 微笑着 smile at sb 对某人微笑
49.wear/with a smile on one's face 脸上带着微笑
50.answer questions correctly 正确地回答问题 a correct route 正确的路线
51.系动词 be、grow、 get、become、keep、seem/look、seem、feel、sound、taste、turn
它们后面加adj构成系表结构 feel soft、sound、 great/nice 、taste 、delicious
52.what we think /do / want 我们所想的/所做的/所要的
53.like to work with children 喜欢与孩子共事
54.agree with sb./agree to sth.同意某事（如: 决定、计划等）/ agree to do sth.同意做某事 但agree sb to do sth （错误结构）应改为agree that + 从句
55.be kind (polite, friendly…) to sb.对某人心善（有礼貌，友好…）
56.want to have a friend like Alan 想要有Alan一样的朋友
57.the most expensive printer in the shop 商店里最昂贵的打印机
58.write （a letter）to sb 写信给某人


Unit 2 School Life
重点短语
1英式英语 British English
2在八年级 in Year 8/ in 8th grade
3一所混合学校 a mixed school
4一起上课 have lessons together
5我最喜爱的科目　　　　　　　　　　　my favourite subject
6家政课 Home Economics
7学习如何煮饭和缝补 learn how to cook and sew
8烧健康美味的饭菜 cook healthy and tasty meals
9在今年的读书周期间 during this year’s Reading Week
10读最多的书 read the most books
11从家中带来书和杂志 bring in books and magazines from home
12得告诉老师我们在看什么 have to tell the teacher what we are reading
13每节课快近结束时 near the end of each class
14和我们同学谈论我们的书 talk to our classmates about our books
15读我们所有同学的书 read all our classmates’ books
16也 as well
17上驾驶课 have driving lessons
18开车送我上学 drive me to school
19花费更少时间 take less time
20一周一/两次 once/ twice a week
21打垒球 play softball
22花许多时间操练 spend a lot of time practicing
23在好友俱乐部 in the Buddy Club
24和新生谈论学校生活 talk to new students about school life
25一位12年级的毕业生 a senior in 12th grade
26帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth/ help sb do sth /help sb to do sth
27帮助我了解所有新学校的事情 help me learn all about my new school
28帮我辅导我的家作 help me with my homework
29倾听我的问题　　　　　　　　　　　　listen to my problems
30在午餐期间 during lunchtime
31做某事做得很高兴 have a great time doing sth
32相互谈话很高兴 have a great time talking to each other
33去大卖场 go to shopping malls
34在回家的路上 on the way home
35学的科目比Nancy多 study more subjects than Nancy
36参加的社团比我少 join fewer clubs than I
37空闲时间比John少 have less free time than John
38得分最少 score the fewest points
39有最少的钱 have the least money
40在我们三人当中 of the three of us
41在所有学生当中 of all the students
42花更少的钱买唱片 spend less money on /buying CDs
43拥有最少的网友 have the fewest online friends
44与---一样 be the same as---
45和---一样大/强壮 be as big/strong as---
46和---颜色一样 be the same colour as---
47和---不一样 be different from---
48休假(一周) have ( a week) off
49在夏季 in the summertime
50伤着他的腿 hurt his leg
51能够做某事 be able to do sth
52朝窗外看 look out of the window
53上电视 be on TV
54搬到加拿大 move to Canada
55我理想中的学校 my ideal school
56有许多课外活动的时间 have lots of time for after-school activities
57在学校餐厅里 in the school dining hall
58听流行音乐 listen to pop music
59穿校服 wear school uniforms
60戴领带 wear ties
61在学校的一边 on one side of our school
62一个---另一个 one ---the other
63一个有着许多有用书的图书馆 a library with lots of useful books
64有半小时的家作 have half an hour of homework
65参加学校旅行去博物馆或剧院 go on a school trip to a museum or a theatre
66喜欢起床晚 like to get up late
重点句子
1.Why don't dogs go to school?=Why not go to school? 为什么狗不去上学？
2.What’s school like?=What does school look like? 学校是什么样的？
3.My favourite subject is Home Economics. 我最喜欢的科目是家政课
4.Our school has a Reading Week in our school every year.=There is a Reading Week in our school every year.
在我们的学校，每年都会举办读书节
5.I read the most books in my class
我读了最多的书。
6.older students talk to new students about school life. 学长与新生谈论有关学校的生活
7.she is a senior in 12th grade
她是高三的毕业生
8.I read an article by a gril from the USA
我读了一篇来自美国女孩写的文章
9.Nancy meets Julie to talk aboutschool Nancy为了谈论新学校而去见Julie
10.Millie has more flowers than Amy does Mille比 Amy有更多的花
11.Daniel has fewer CDs than Kitty does Daniel比Kitty有更少的CD
12.Simon has less orange juice than Sandy. Simon比Sandy有更少的橘子汁
13.Amy scored the most\fewest points
Amy得了最多|最少的分
14.Daniel has the most \least money. Daniel
有最多|最少的钱
15.Amy drinks the least milk of the three students. Amy在三个学生中喝最少的牛奶
16.My uniform is the same as Simon’s
我的校服和Simon的一样
51.My unform is different from John’s.
我的校服和John的不一样
17.My school has fewer weeks off than Daniel’s school
我们的学校比Daniel的学校有放假更少。
18.she won’t be able to play basketball for 3 months 他将三个月不能找篮球。
19.My pencil box is the same size\colour as Amy’s. 我的铅笔盒和Amy的尺寸一样
20英国的天气和中国的不一样。
The weather in Britain is different from that in China.
21film 就是美式英语中的movie. “film” means “movie” in American English.
22在我来这个学校之前，我还不知道如何处理自己的事。
I didn’t know how to do things for myself before I came to this school.
23单词“hero”意思是什么？它指你非常崇拜某人。
What does the word “hero” mean? It means someone you admire very much.
24在午餐期间，我和朋友见面，我们总是谈得很高兴。
During lunchtime, I meet my friends and we always have a great time talking to each other.,
我们有一个带有很多有用的书的大图书馆。
We have a big library with lots of useful books.


Unit 3
一、重点短语　　
1. climb the hill爬山→climb (up)…爬… (p38) 　　
〈知识链接〉①climb up the Great Wall爬长城
②climb into the bed爬上床　　
③climb through the window从窗户爬出来
④climb over the wall翻越墙　　
2. need to exercise and keep fit需要锻炼来保持健康 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴keep fit, keep healthy, stay healthy保持健康　　
⑵need作名词时，构成短语in need。作行为动词时有人称和数的变化，后接不定式或动名词；当主语和它后面的动词之间有一种被动关系时，使用need doing或need to be done。作情态动词时无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。　　
①We should help people in need. ② He needs to study hard. 　　
③A lot of homework needs finishing.＝A lot of homework needs to be finished.　　
3. come on (命令句)快，快点吧；走吧；跟我来；好啦好啦；这边来吧 　　
〈知识链接〉Come on! We’ll be late for school.快点！我们上学要迟到了。　　
4. Let’s enjoy ourselves! 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴enjoy oneself＝have a good time玩得高兴,过得愉快，
反身代词与主语保持一致。　　
⑵Let’s do sth., shall we? 除此以外的祈使句，无论是肯定式还是否定式，附加疑问部分一律用will you。e.g. 　　
①Don’t be late again, will you? ②Open the door, will you? ③Let us go home, will you?　　
5. take a boat trip乘船旅行，go past the Opera House经过悉尼歌剧院
6. sit in a little coffee shop by the River Seine坐在塞纳河畔的一个小咖啡店里 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴coffee house咖啡店；茶馆，coffee shop咖啡店　　
⑵by…在…旁边(比near近) Come and warm yourself by the fire.过来烤烤火。　　
7. take care保重；当心，小心 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴take (good) care of…＝look after…well (好好)照顾… 　　
⑵look out当心→look out of向…外看　　
⑶be careful小心→be careful of/with…珍视；注意 　　
Please be careful of your health. 请注意你的健康。　　
8. a beautiful building with a big garden and many trees 介词短语作后置定语，修饰名词。 　　
9. foreign country外国，a foreign language一门外语 　　
10. have a wonderful/great/good time 玩得高兴；过得愉快 (p40)　　
11. interesting places＝places of interest有趣的地方；名胜 (注意此处的interest无复数) 　　
〈知识链接〉这里interest解释为“令人感兴趣的事或人”。interest还表示“兴趣”，常用的短语有：show/have interest in sth对…某事感兴趣， show/have interest in doing sth对…做某事感兴趣　
①Daniel shows/has great interest in computers. 　　
②Daniel shows/has great interest in making his own home page.　　
12. invite me to join their school trip to the World Park邀请我参加她们学校组织的去世界公园的旅行 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴invite sb to…邀请某人去某地→sb be invited to…某人应邀去某地，　　
Millie invited me to her birthday party. →I was invited to Millie’s birthday party.　　
⑵invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事→sb be invited to do sth某人应邀做某事，　
We should invite more people to take part in the charity show. 　　
＝More people should be invited to take part in the charity show.　　
⑶join参加，加入某组织，如政党、社会团体等。join sb, join sb in sth指和某人一起做某事。join in…＝take part in…参加某活动，attend出席。试比较：　　
He joined the tennis club.
The man joined the army at the age of 19.　　
He joined in the game.
Did you take part in your school sports meeting?　　
⑤ We’re going to plant trees. Will you join us?
⑥ He joined us in the game.　　
13. at the beginning开始；起初 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴at the beginning＝in the beginning＝at first＝at the start开始；起初 (See 8A p42)　　
⑵at last, finally, in the end后来；最后；终于，与上述短语“开始，起初”意思相反。　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴at the beginning of…在…之初(后接时间)→at the end of…在…末尾，在…的尽头(后接时间或地点) 注意：没有in the beginning of…, in the end of…　　
⑵from beginning to end自始至终；从头到尾。注意：该短语不含定冠词the。　　
⑶begin with…＝start with…先做…；以…开始 e.g. Let’s begin with Exercise 1. 　　
⑷表示“启程”、机器的“启动”只能用start。Let’s start at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.　　
⑸Well begun is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。　　
14. at the school gate在学校大门口 　　
〈知识链接〉at表示在较小的地方，如：at the theatre在剧院，at the party在聚会上，at the airport在机场，at the bus stop在公交站台，at the crossing, at the crossroads在十字路口　　
15. get on a coach上长途汽车 　　
〈知识链接〉get on…/get off…上、下(车、船等)，e.g. get on/get off the plane上、下飞机　　
16. a lot of traffic＝heavy traffic＝busy traffic交通拥挤，作主语时谓语动词用单数。　　
17. on the city roads在市内道路上，on the highway＝on the main road between cities在交通干道上 　　
18. feel sick感到难受，感到恶心 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴feel ill 感到不好受，fall ill病倒　　
⑵feel good指身体健康或精神振奋，feel well仅指没有生病 e.g.　　
①I’m not feeling so good. Can I have the day off? 我感觉不大好。我今天能否休息？　　
②He didn’t feel well after the operation. 他在这次手术之后，感觉身体不好。　　
19. arrive at the World Park到达世界公园 　　
〈知识链接〉“到达”有三种表达，即：get to＋某地，arrive at＋小地方，arrive in＋大地方，reach＋某地。get to，arrive at/in后接地点副词时不能用介词，常用的地点副词有here, there, home。如：　　
get/arrive here/there/home到这里/到那里/到家。　　
20. be made of metal 由金属制成 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴be made of…由…制成，强调从制成的成品上还能看得出原材料，物理变化。　　
The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是木制的。　　
⑵be made from…由…制成，表示从成品上已经看不出原材料,化学变化。
Wine is made of grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。　　
⑶be made up of…由…组成，由…构成，指各个部分组成整体。　　
Our class is made up of 54 students. 我们班由54名学生组成。　　
⑷be made in…在某地制造 NOKIA mobile phones are made in Beijing.　　
21. not …any more再也不＝no more，no more, no longer用于be动词后、行为动词前 (p41)　　
〈知识链接〉⑴not …any more＝no more…再也不…(表示程度、数量上的不再)　　
⑵not …any longer＝no longer…不再…(表示时间上的不再延续) e.g.　　
①When the baby saw his mother, he did not cry any more.　　
②After having some bread, she was no longer hungry.　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴more and more…越来越…；越来越多… ⑵more or less几乎；差不多 　　
⑶what is more更有甚者；更为重要的是 e.g.　　
①I’ve more or less finished reading the book. 我差不多已经读完这本书。　　
②You’re wrong, and what is more you know it. 你错了！而且你明明知道你错了！　　
22. the song and dance parade歌舞巡游，join in the dancing加入舞蹈行列 　　
23. on the Internet 在因特网上 　　
〈知识链接〉on the computer在电脑上，on the screen在屏幕上，on TV在电视上　　
24. teach himself how to make a home page自学制作网页 　　
〈知识链接〉teach oneself…＝learn…by oneself自学…，疑问词＋带to的动词不定式。　　
25. go and see for yourself亲自去看看 　　
〈知识链接〉for oneself亲自，by oneself＝on one’s own＝alone独自；单独 —Did she find it out for herself? —Yes. She did it all by herself.　　
26. travel from one place to another从一个地方到另一地方旅行 (p42)　　
〈知识链接〉from one place to another相当于from place to place，类似的有：from one country to another＝from country to country。　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴from…to another中的another不能用other代替。　　
⑵from…to…中的名词前不能用冠词a/an/the，名词不能用复数。　　
from beginning to end自始至终，from head to foot从头到脚 from morning to night　　
27. take a look at…看一看 　　
〈知识链接〉have/take a look看一看，只强调看的动作；have/take a look at…看一看…　　
⑴—I took a lot of photos in Shenzhen. —May I have/take a look at them?　　
⑵Take a look at the things (people used in the past). 括号内的句子是定语从句。　　
28. 北京著名景点：Laoshe Tea House老舍茶馆，the Great Wall长城，the Palace Museum故宫，the Summer Palace颐和园，Tian’anmen Square天安门广场，Wangfujing Street王府井大街，the Monument to the People’s Heroes人民英雄纪念碑，the People’s Great Hall人民大会堂， the Temple of Heaven天坛，Tsinghua University清华大学，Peking University北京大学，Beihai Park北海公园　　
29. in the past过去，at present现在，in the future将来；未来 (注意介词in/at和冠词的搭配) (p44)　　
30. walk slowly around the big lake and feel the beauty of the old park in the Summer palace　在颐和园里环湖漫步，感受这座古老公园的美丽 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴beauty n. ①美；美丽e.g. A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.美的事物永远令人喜爱。(语出约翰·济慈John Keats－英国文坛巨星、著名诗人，与雪莱、拜伦齐名) 　　
②美人；美丽的事物，She was a beauty in her day.
⑵around围绕；环绕→show sb around... 带领某人参观某地　
①The guide showed us around the Xuanwu Lake Park.
②The earth travels around the sun. 　　
31. travel by underground坐地铁 　　
〈知识链接〉by underground乘坐地铁，by＋交通工具，是介词短语，此时by后无介词。类似的有：by bus/train/plane/underground乘坐公共汽车/火车/飞机/地铁。表示“乘坐某交通工具去某地”通常有两种表达：①go to sp by…②take the …to…。例如：坐地铁去市中心：go to the centre of the city by underground＝take the underground to the centre of the city。另外，“乘坐飞机去某地”有三种形式：go to…by plane＝take the plane to…＝fly to…(飞往…)　　
32. learn more about old Beijing更多地了解老北京 　　
33. great fun很有趣 (p46)　　
〈知识链接〉⑴fun 名词①娱乐，嬉戏 e.g. He is full of fun.他很有趣。②有趣的人或事 We had a lot of fun at the party.在聚会上我们玩得很高兴。It is fun to play cards.玩牌很有趣。(不加a) 　　
⑵for fun闹着玩的，e.g. I have said it just for fun.我是说着玩的。　　
⑶make fun of…嘲弄… e.g. They made fun of him.　　
34. go horse riding去骑马，e.g. You can go horse riding in Inner Mongolia. 　
35. keep their secret to themselves保守着他们的这个秘密 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴keep sth to oneself不将某事说出去 e.g.①She always keeps her ideas to herself. 　　
②The problem of stress gets worse when people keep their worries to themselves.　　
⑵keep secrets for sb为某人保密，e.g. Thank you so much for keeping the secret for me. 　　
36. at the front of the bus在公交车的前部→at/in the front of…在…的前部 　
〈知识链接〉in front of…“在…的前面”，主要指一物体在另一物体的前面，两者是分开的，反义词是behind，“在…的后面”；而at/in the front of …则指一物体中有一部分位于前部，在某物的前面部分，即两者是包容的，the front是某物的不可分割的组成部分；at/in the front of …的反义词是at the back of…在某物的后面部分；而before是“在…的面前”。　　
①The introduction is always in/at the front of the book.序言总是置于卷首。　　
②She sat in/at the front of the bus to get a good view of the country. 　
③Many people took photos (在前面) the Leaning Tower of Pisa.　　
④The robber was taken (在面前) the policeman.　　
37. in the final of the basketball competition在篮球赛决赛中 (p50)　　
〈知识链接〉in the first half of the…在…的上半场比赛中，in the second half of the…在…的下半场比赛中，in the final of the…在…的决赛中，half-time中场休息，presentation of cup and medals颁发奖杯和奖牌仪式，gold medal金牌，silver medal银牌，bronze medal铜牌。　　
注意：赢得/获得金牌：win a gold medal　　
38. take place发生；举行，不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态中。　　
〈知识链接〉take place ⑴发生
①The dialogue took place at a tailor’s shop. 　　
②Great changes have taken place in China since 1989. 　　
注意：happen是“偶然发生” e.g. What happened to him last night? 　　
⑵举行＝be held，e.g. The wedding of Michael and Stella will take place next Sunday.　　
〈用法拓展〉take the place of…取代/代替…，take one’s place取代/代替某人
①Here is a toy plane to take the place of the one you lost.　　
②My sister is ill, and I’ve come to take her place. 　　
Now plastics (塑料) can steel (钢材) in many ways in life.　　
A. take place of B. take the place of C. in place of D. instead of　　
39. go back to my school回到我的学校 (p51)　　
〈知识链接〉go back to…＝return to…回到…e.g. Hong and Macao have returned to China.　　
40. a fun place to visit动词不定式作后置定语，这里的fun是形容词，意为“有趣的”。 (p52) 　　
41. the plan for today当天的计划→ plan ①n.计划 ②v.计划 (p54)　　
〈知识链接〉make a plan制订计划，make a/the plan for…制订…的计划，plan to do sth计划做某事 e.g. make a plan for the coming summer holiday　　
42. change to the bus换乘公共汽车 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴change v.，“交换”，与复数宾语连用Can we change seats? 　　
⑵change名词，①变化(可数名词) e.g. great changes巨变 ②找给的零钱　
“Don’t forget your change!” said the cashier.　　
43. take the bus all the way to the Palace Museum乘公共汽车直达故宫 　　
44. make it a really fun day for everyone使每个人度过真正有趣的一天 　　
45. let me know as soon as possible.→let sb know as soon as possible尽快通知某人　　
46. go climbing on rocks去攀岩 (p55)　　
词汇解析　　
1. luck n.运气，常用于①Good luck to sb.祝某人好运。②Good luck with sth.某事好运。　　
luck→lucky adj.幸运的，e.g. a lucky dog幸运儿　　
lucky→luckily幸好，幸运地，幸运的是，常用于句首。　　
Her handbag was stolen on her way back home. (luck), she hadn’t put her keys in it.　　
2. play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏 (详见Unit 2“词汇解析”第4条)　　
3. support v.&n.支持；养活e.g.① have a lot of support from sb得到某人的大力支持　　
②Mark has a big family to support.马克养活一大家人。
③with one’s support在某人的支持下　　
support→supporter支持者；拥护者 e.g. I’m a Yao Ming supporter.我是姚明的球迷。　　
4. instead adv. 代替 e.g. There’s nothing at the cinema. Let’s go to the Internet bar instead.　　
→instead of＋名词/代词/动名词/介词短语，代替… e.g. Can I come at 9:00 instead of 8:00?　　
5. real/true词语辨析　　
real和true的主要含义不同，real指确实存在、非相像的；true表示与事实相符、真实、非杜撰的。e.g. ①Was it real or was it a dream? 这是真实还是梦幻？ ②Is the news true? 这消息是真的吗？③a movie based on a true story取材于真实故事的电影 　　
6. movement n. 运动；行进；走动 e.g. ①There was a sudden movement in the bushes. 灌木丛里突然有什么东西动了一下。②the women’s/peace movement 妇女/和平运动 　　
7. ticket票；券；入场券 e.g. ⑴a bus/theatre/plane ticket公共汽车票/戏票/机票，Tickets are available from Arts Centre at ￥50. 艺术中心有票，每张50元。 ⑵a ticket for……票, free tickets for the show演出的免费入场券 ③a ticket office售票处，a ticket machine自动售票机，a ticket collector 收票员　　
8. win (在比赛、赛跑、战斗等中)获胜,赢,后接宾语为比赛、赛跑、战斗等，不能接人作宾语→反义词lose。winner获胜者。beat(在比赛或竞争中)赢、打败(某人)，后接的宾语是人或团体。　　
①France won the World Cup in 1998, but lost in 2002. ②Congratulations! You win!　　
③He beat me at chess. ④Their recent wins have proved they’re still the ones to beat.　　
9. cheer vi.欢呼；喝彩；cheer for…为…欢呼→cheer sb欢呼某人→cheerful高兴的；兴高采烈的，　
①Cheering crowds greeted their arrival. 　　
②We all cheered for our football team as they came on the field. 　　
③The crowd cheered the President when he drove slowly by. 　　
④He felt cheerful and full of energy.他感到兴高采烈，浑身充满活力。　　
→cheers ①(用于祝酒)干杯，常用作Cheers! ②(英口)再见，如：Cheers then. See you later.　　
10. wonder ⑴奇迹 e.g. Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders in the world.　　
⑵想知道，常用于wonder if/whether…, wonder wh-从句 e.g. 　　
①I wonder if you can help me. ②Linda wonders where Simon is hiding.　
二、重点句型　　
1. Which city do you want to go to? (p39)　　
〈知识链接〉该句的疑问词which作go to的宾语，不能使用where。例如该句可以回答为　　I want to go to Paris/Washington/London....
试比较：　　
①Where does he live? ②Which flat does he live in?　　
2. The trip from Kitty’s school to the world took about two hours by coach.
〈知识链接〉Sth takes sb some time by….乘坐某交通工具需要…时间。
The journey from Taipei to Beijing takes three hours by plane.　　
3. The model pyramids looked just like the real ones in Egypt. (p 41)　　
〈知识链接〉look like看起来像…，look just like…看起来就像，ones代指前面的复数pyramids，若是单数则用one。look the same看起来一样，后面不接宾语。　　
4. It was interesting to see models of so many places of interest from all over the world. (p42)　　
〈知识链接〉It be＋adj.＋(for sb)＋to do sth. It是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语，因为动词不定式短语往往太长，为了避免头重脚轻，因此使用这种句型。　　
It is necessary for them to work hard from now on.　　
5. It is 467,000 square metres in area.它的面积是467,000平方米。 (p52)　　
〈知识链接〉Sth is … in area. 某物的面积是。square kilometre平方千米　
China is 9,600,000 square kilometers.中国的面积是9,600,000平方千米。　　
6. The cost is about ￥50 per person. 每个人的费用大约是50元。 (p54)　　
〈知识链接〉⑴cost动词，表示“某物的价值为…”用Sth cost some money. 　　
Tickets cost ten dollars each.每张票价为10美元。　　
⑵cost＝the money that you spend on something名词，“费用”。e.g. the cost of the trip旅行的费用，the cost of living生活费用，cost price成本价，at all costs不惜任何代价，at any cost在任何情况下；无论如何。


Unit 4
一、词组或短语
序号
Chinese
English
1
写一个有关….的报告
write a report on
2
走出家门
go outside home
3
第一次
for the first time
4
成长为…..
grow into
5
在刚开始
at the very beginning
6
一直到
up to
7
吃竹笋和叶子
eat bamboo shoots and leaves
8
在野外生存下来
survive in the wild
9
在将来
in the future
10
为皮毛/乐趣杀死它
kill it for its fur/ kill for fun
11
砍伐树木和森林
cut down trees and forests
12
无处容身
have nowhere to live
13
取走
take away
14
鼓励某人做….
encourage sb to do…..
15
采取下列行动
take the following actions
16
沿着另一条路跑
run the other way
17
穿够热带雨林
walk through a rainforest
18
保护野生动物
protect wild animals
19
动物的饲养
Feeding of the animals
20
攻击人
attack people
21
从水中逮鱼
catch fish from the water
22
踩到….上
step on …..
23
像一家人一样生活
live as a family
24
群居
live in family groups
25
用它们的骨头制药
make medicine from their bones
26
有好的视力、听力、嗅觉
have good eyesight, hearing, smell
27
失去生存空间
loss of living areas
28
用兽皮制成的衣服
clothes made of animal fur
29
穿上身上看上去很可爱
look lovely on…..
30
丧生
lose one’s life
31
继续建路
continue to build roads
32
有相应的家
have suitable homes
33
开出新农田
make new farmland
34
赚很多钱
make a lot of money
35
训练动物
train animals
36
美丽的黑白花动物
beautiful black and white animals
37
每次
at a time
38
变得越来越小
get smaller and smaller
39
不断抢占土地
keep taking the land
40
为了帮助做点事
do sth to help
41
直立行走
walk upright
42
走来走去
move around
43
在白天
in the daytime
44
看海豚表演
see a dolphin show
45
感到害怕
feel frightened
46
处在危险中
be in danger
47
让自然保护区更大
make reserves bigger
48
把小熊猫单独留下
leave baby giant pandas on their own
49
两个整天
two whole days
50
别的什么人
someone else

二、重点句子及句型
1.Sadly, it is very difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild.
令人悲哀的是，大熊猫要在野外生存下来非常困难。
2.At four months, she weighed about 10 kilograms and she started to go outside her home for the first time.
四个月大时，她的体重大约为10公斤。她开始第一次走出家门。
3.At the very beginning, baby giant pandas spend a lot of drinking their mums’ milk for up to 14 hours a day.
最初，小熊猫花费很多时间喝它们母亲的奶时间达14小时。
4.Mothers often leave baby pandas for two whole days on their own. 母熊猫常常把小熊猫独自留下两个整天。
5.We can take the following actions to protect giant pandas.我们可采取下列行动保护大熊猫。
6.The clothes look lovely on me. 它们穿在我身上很好看。
7.Their number is getting smaller and smaller because their living areas are becoming farmlands.
由于它们的生活区正在变成农田，它们的数目正在变得越来越少。
8.If farmers keep taking the land, giant pandas will have nowhere to live.
如果农民们一直抢占农田，大熊猫将无处容身。
9.Encourage farmers to leave the giant panda reserves. 鼓励农民们离开大熊猫保护区。
10.If we continue to build roads, they won’t have suitable homes.
如果我们继续建路，它们将不会有适合居住的家。
11.If I don’t buy them, someone else will buy them. 就算我不买她们，别的什么人也会买。
12.They are in danger because people like their fur and make medicine from their bones.
它们处于危险中是因为人们喜爱它们的毛皮并用它们的骨头制药。
13.Live as a family unit baby tigers are 2-3 years old.
像一家人一样生活在一起直到小老虎2-3岁。
14.If elephants are thirsty, they walk till they find a river.
如果大象口渴的话，它们一直走到能找到河流为止。
15.If people find baby pandas alone, they will often take them away.
如果人们发现独自的小熊猫，他们常常会把它们带走。
16.If hunters catch a giant panda, they will kill it for its fur.
如果猎人们捉到大熊猫，他们将杀掉它以获取毛皮。
17.We called her Xi Wang. 我们把她叫做“希望”。

Unit 4　重点短语　　
1. like… best最喜欢…，like… least最不喜欢… (p59)　　
2. the story of Xi Wang (p60)　　
〈知识链接〉tell sb a story给某人讲故事，story of/about…(真实情况的)叙述、描述，　the stories of Lei Feng雷锋的故事　　
〈用法拓展〉That’s the story of my life.我就是这个命。(表示一生中有很多类似的不幸经历)　　
3. first saw the baby panda第一次看到熊猫崽 　　
〈知识链接〉first＝the first time第一次，first作“第一次”时用在行为动词之前，而the first time通常用在句尾。　　
4. animals in the wild＝wild animals野生动物，survive in the wild在野外幸存　　
5. at four months old在六个月大时 　　
〈知识链接〉该短语中的at不能使用in。at the age of或at后接年龄，
Children go to school at six /at the age of six in China.在中国孩子的入学年龄是六岁。　　
6. eight months later八个月后 　　
〈知识链接〉some time later…以后，用于一般过去时；in some time…以后，用于一般将来时。　　
①Two days later, he was out of danger.
②He will be out of danger in two days.　　
7. grow into a healthy young giant panda 　　
〈知识链接〉grow into…逐渐成长为、变为、长成(某种类型的人)，e.g.　　
Yi Jianlian has grown into an excellent basketball player. 　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴grow out of…长得太大而穿不上衣服，e.g. He’s already grown out of his school uniform.　　
⑵grow up长大，e.g. Their children have all grown up and left home now.　　
8. at the very beginning一开始，for up to 14 hours a day每天长达14小时 　　
〈知识链接〉up to…达到；多达；高达，e.g. ①The dining hall can hold up to 500 people at the same time.这个餐厅可同时容纳500人之多。②He kept me waiting for up to 3 hours.　　
9. bamboo shoots and leaves竹笋和竹叶 　　
10. the problems that Xi Wang may have in the future“希望”将来也许要遇到的问题　　
〈知识链接〉划线部分是定语从句，可以省略关系代词that。注意have与the problems搭配。　　
11. kill it for its fur为了得到它的毛皮而捕杀它 　　
12. cut down trees砍倒树木 　　
〈知识链接〉cut down是“动词＋副词”结构, cut it/them down, cut down a tree　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴cut back减少；削减 ⑵cut off砍掉；切断　　
13. have nowhere to live没有地方住，无处可住 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴nowhere无处；哪里都不， This animal is found in Australia and nowhere else.　　
⑵somewhere某处，用于肯定句中；anywhere用于否定句或疑问句中；everywhere＝here and there到处，用于肯定句中。　　
14. leave the baby pandas for two whole days on their own让熊猫崽单独呆两整天　　
〈知识链接〉⑴on one’s own＝by oneself＝alone单独地，独自地，独立地 ⑵leave one by oneself把某人单独留下e.g. ①Many young people in the USA like living on their own.② Zhang Hua was at home alone when the fire began. ③I can’t leave her by herself.　　
15. need help需要帮助，这里的help是名词，如：ask the policeman for help 　　
16. in danger处于危险中，in danger of…面临…的危险，out of danger脱离危险　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴Danger! Keep out！危险！请勿入内！⑵Children’s lives are in danger every time they cross this road. ⑶The building is in danger of coming down. ⑷The workers in this factory are in danger of losing their jobs. ⑸Doctors said now she is out of danger. ⑹be a danger to sb/sth对…有危害，e.g. Smoking is a serious danger to health.　　
17. take the following actions to protect giant pandas采取以下行动保护大熊猫　　
〈知识链接〉take action to do sth采取行动做某事，动词不定式作目的状语 The firemen took action at once to stop the big fire spreading.　　
〈用法拓展〉active积极的，actively积极地，activity活动，actor男演员，actress女演员，　　
18. encourage farmers to leave the giant pandas reserves劝告农民离开大熊猫自然保护区　　
〈知识链接〉⑴encourage sb to do sth鼓励/劝告某人做某事 ⑵courage勇气→ encourage鼓励　　
Banks actively encourage people to borrow money.　　
19. protect＝keep someone/something safe from danger使某人/某物摆脱危险　
20. run the other way掉头就跑；跑开 (the other way表示另一方向)
〈知识链接〉⑴the other(两者中的)另一个，常用one…the other…一个…另一个…⑵another(两者以上中的)另一个；再一个 ⑶other＋名词复数＝others泛指“其余所有的”，常用Some…others…一些…其他的…，或Some…some…others…一些…一些…其他的… ⑷the other＋名词复数＝the others特指“(一定范围内)其余所有的”　　
①There are many trees on the other side of the river.　　
②She has two brothers. One is called Jim and the other is called Tom.　　
③I don’t like these jeans. Can you show me another pair?　　
④Some boys are reading, others are playing chess.　　
⑤Some of them like English, some like Maths and others like physics.　　
⑥There are 80 students in our class. Twenty-nine are girls and the others are boys.　　
〈用法拓展〉由way构成的短语：on one’s way to…, lose one’s way, by the way, in many ways, in this way　　
21. walk through a rainforest步行穿越热带雨林 　　
22. see the feeding of animals看到给动物喂食，watch the dolphin show观看海豚表演 (p65)　　
23. hunt for their own food＝look for their own food＝search for their own food自己寻找食物　　
24. make medicine制药，make medicine from their bones →make medicine from…用…制药　　
25. kill people for fun杀人取乐，kill…for fun杀…取乐 (p68)　　
26. loss of living areas没有居住场所→lose→loss丧失；损失；丢失　　
〈知识链接〉①mourn the loss of Audrey Hepburn
②loss of blood/sleep/self-control失血/失眠/失去自制　　
27. have very good eyesight, hearing and smell视觉、听觉、嗅觉灵敏 (p69)　　
28. be friendly towards/to each other彼此友好 　　
29. have no home or food没有家也没有食物，or用于否定句中，意思是“和”。　　
〈知识链接〉There’s no air or water on the moon, so there’s no life there.　　
30. buy clothes made of animal fur购买兽皮制的衣服 　　
〈知识链接〉made of animal fur过去分词短语作后置定语，如：a boy called Tom。过去分词作定语时放在所修饰词的前面，如：a fallen leaf, an unknown village。　　
31. lose one’s life/lives失去生命；丧生 注意life、lives的单复数形式变化　　
〈知识链接〉⑴In order to put out the big fire some firemen lost their lives. 　　
⑵They’re willing to lose my life for their country.　　
32. someone else别人→someone else’s别人的 (注意：不能写成someone’s else) 　　
33. continue to destroy forests to build roads继续毁坏森林来修筑公路
〈知识链接〉continue to do, continue doing, go on with, go on doing, go on to do 继续做某事　　
continue是及物动词，continue doing sth＝go on doing sth其间没有中断，continue to do sth＝go on to do sth＝go on with sth＝continue sth其间有中断 　
①We continued working until late into night.我们连续工作到深夜。(中间无中断)　　
②He continued his talk after the rest.休息后他继续作报告。(中间有间断)　　
③Go on with your work.继续干你的活。(中间有间断)　　
④She was soon out of breath, but she continued running.很快她累得上气不接下气，可她继续跑.　　
⑤To be continued.未完待续(常用于故事连载)，continue→continuous(无间断地)连续的　　
34. make new farmland from forests把森林开垦成新的农田　　
35. make/earn money赚钱→ make/earn a lot of money赚许多钱 　　
36. have only one or two babies at a time一次只生一两个熊猫崽 (p71)　　
〈知识链接〉⑴at a time一次；每次 ⑵at one time曾经 ⑶at times＝sometimes有时候　　
〈用法拓展〉sometime(将来的)某时，some time一段时间，sometimes有时，some times几次/倍　　
37. keep taking the land继续攫取土地　　
〈知识链接〉keep doing sth不停地做某事，反复地做某事。强调某个动作多次反复地发生。　　
“Will it be a success?”I kept asking myself.　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴keep on doing sth反复做某事(动作之间有间隔) 　
After class I found it a bit difficult to study in class because I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon.　　
⑵keep sb doing sth老是让某人做某事 　
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.对不起，让你久等了。　　
⑶keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事＝prevent/stop sb from doing sth
The snowstorm kept them from coming to school on time.　　
38. walk upright直立行走，move around in the daytime白天四处走动→move around the house (p72)　　
39. ⑴the heavy snow大雪，类似的有：the heavy rain大雨 ⑵lose homes失去家园 (p73)　　
〈知识链接〉snow heavily/hard下大雪，rain heavily/hard下大雨　　
词汇解析　　
1. kangaroo→复数：kangaroos , bamboo→复数：bamboos 　　
以o结尾的可数名词变为复数时，通常遵循以下三种规则：　　
⑴以“元音字母＋o”结尾的名词加-s, 如：kangaroo→kangaroos , bamboo→bamboos, 　　
zoo→zoos, radio→radios, cuckoo→cuckoos(杜鹃，布谷鸟), rodeo→rodeos(牛仔竞技比赛)　　
⑵以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的名词加-es, 如： hero→heroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes, Negro→Negroes(黑人), echo→echoes(回声)　　
⑶有些“外来词”虽以“辅音字母＋o”结尾，但只加-s,如：tobacco→tobaccos(烟草), photo→photos, piano→pianos, solo→solos(独唱，独奏；单人表演)　　
2. 本单元动物名词：zebra, lion, bear, polar bear, tortoise (turtle海龟), giraffe, fox, camel, monkey, wolf, dolphin, giant panda, squirrel, tiger, snake, snail, insect, dragonfly蜻蜓 　　
3. female女性的；雌性的 male男性的；雄性的 e.g. —What’s your sex? —Male/female.
重点句型　　
1. Sadly, it is very difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild. → survive＝continue to live　　
〈知识链接〉sadly置于句首时表示对某件事情感到惋惜、难过。类似的有luckily, unluckily, hopefully。　　
It is＋形容词＋for sb to do sth. It是形式主语，而动词不定式是真正主语。
It is necessary for Oxform Trailwalkers to support each other during the charity walk.　　
2. If a bear is in danger, it will attack people. 如果熊处于危险中，它就袭击人。　　
3. Tigers will live as a family if they have babies.如果老虎生了虎崽，就生活在一个家庭里。　　
4. Tigers will live as a family until baby tigers are 2－3 years old.　　
⑴She slept till/until nine.＝She stopped sleeping at nine.她一直睡到九点钟。　　
⑵She didn’t go to sleep till/until nine.＝She started sleeping at nine.她九点钟才开始睡觉。　　
till/until直到…时为止，not…until…直到…才…，till/until后接短语或从句。　　
till/until用在肯定句中时通常表示动作的终点，用在否定句中时则表示动作的起点。　
They talked until dawn.
They did not return home until 10:00.　　
③I didn’t know it until you told me. His uncle didn’t get married until he was 35.　　
④—Was his father very strict with him? 　　
—Yes. He had never praised him until he became one of the top students in his grade.　　
They the train until it disappeared in the distance.　　
A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. looked at　　
〈知识链接〉当until从句与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；与否定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。Don’t get off until it has stopped.　　
5. They looked lovely on me.＝I looked lovely in them. 注意介词on/in的使用 (p69)　　
〈知识链接〉Sth look lovely on sb.＝Sb look lovely in sth.某物穿/戴在某人身上很漂亮。　　
6. If no one buys furs, then people won’t kill wild animals any more. 　　
〈知识链接〉furs毛皮制品(可数名词)，fur毛皮(不可数名词)，如：animal fur兽皮　　
7. The number is getting smaller and smaller because many of their living areas are becoming farmland. 　　
因为它们的许多生存地逐渐变成农田，它们的数量变得越来越少。 (p71)　　
〈知识链接〉the number of＋名词复数，“…的数量/数目”，the number是中心词，而of短语是对它的限制，因此其谓语动词必须用单数。当表示“多”、“少”时用large/big和small。a number of＋名词复数，表示“许多、若干”＝many, a lot of。a number of并不是中心词，而是不定数量词，如同a lot of, lots of, many, some。因此，a number of＋名词复数作主语时，其谓语动词用复数。　
①The number of people invited was 60, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.　　
②There were a large number of people in the hall.　　
③A number of people have applied for the job.　　
④Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world. 世界上说汉语的人最多。　　
⑤The number of the students in our class is 70.＝There are 70 students in our class.　　
⑥The number of Chinese is much larger than that of Great Britain.　　
8. If I arrive at noon, I will see the feeding of animals. (p65)　　
〈知识链接〉at noon＝at twelve o’clock在正午，in the middle of the day在中午　


Unit5
1去观鸟go birdwatching 2在市场 at the market
3烤鸡roast chickens 4飞往北方国家fly to northern countries
5自然保护区nature reserves
6在中国东北in north-east China / in the north-east of China
7短暂停留for a short stay 8捕鱼为食catch fish for food
9稀有的丹顶鹤the rare red-crowned cranes
10占更多的空间take more space 11中国政府the Chinese government
12数鸟count birds/ do a bird count
13……..的理想家园the ideal home for…
14越来越少的生存空间less and less space to live
15世界上最重要的湿地之一one of the world’s most important wetlands
16濒临灭绝的动物endangered animals
17在数字上的变化the changes in the numbers
18为……提供食物和住所
provide food and shelter for…… /provide…..with food and shelter
19采取措施做……take actions to do … 20一年一次once a year
21懂得保护湿地的重要性understand the importance of the wetlands
22许多 a lot of / a large number of
23处于危险当中be in danger 24开店 keep shops
25在世界的其他地方in other areas of the world
26走很长的路walk a long 27一双皮鞋a pair of leather shoes
28乱扔垃圾drop litter carelessly 29 毕业finish school
30准备考试study for the exam 31在入口处at the entrance
32讲一口流利的法语speak fluent French / speak French fluently
33安静下来be quiet 34出生日期Date of birth
35发出很多噪音，吵闹make a lot of noise
36在观鸟期间during the birdwatching
37关于扎龙的报告a report on Zhalong
38唯一理由the only reason 39防洪prevent the flood
40例如for example
41有12000公顷的面积have an area of 120,000 hectares
43对别人讲礼貌show good manners to others
44申请表an application form
45兴趣和爱好interests and hobbies 46成为……成员become a member of
47等不及can’t wait for / to do….. 48终年all year round
49彩色羽毛colourful feathers
50有长尖形翅膀的燕子a swallow with long pointed wings
语言知识点:
1. I am going birdwatching at the market. 我要到市场上去看鸟。
go birdwatching表示“去观鸟”。英语中，“go + v-ing”表示一种娱乐活动，类似的短语还有：go running去跑步；go surfing去冲浪等，
2. The area provides food and shelter for wildlife.
这个地区为野生生物提供食物和栖息地。
⑴ provide sth for sb / sth相当于provide sb / sth with sth，“供给某人（某事）某物”。如：Project Hope will provide books and good schools for the poor children.
= Project Hope will provide the poor children with books and good schools.
⑵ provide for sb 意为“养活某人；提供生活费给某人”，如：
The young couple should provide for their old parents every month. 那对青年夫妇应当每月给他们年迈的父母提供生活费。
3. Many birds live comfortably in Zhalong Nature Reserve all year round, while some only stay there for a short time. 许多鸟常年舒适地生活在扎龙自然保护区，然而有些鸟则仅在那里作短暂停留。
⑴ all year round相当于all the year round或during the whole year，
表示“一年四季，全年，终年”。如：
The forest is green all (the) year round. 那座森林整年都是绿色的。
相关链接：类似的短语还有all day long(整天，全天)。如：
It rained all day long. 雨下了整整一天。
⑵ 句中while在这里作“却；但是；而”意思讲。如：
That area has lots of natural resources, while this one has none. 那个地区自然资源丰富，而这个地区却一点也没有。
4. Some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. 一些人想改造湿地，开垦更多的农田，建造更多的房屋。
make space for... = make room for... 表示“给……让出地方”。其中space和room都是不可数名词，意为“空间，地方”。如：
Who can make room / space for my child? 谁能给我的孩子腾出点儿地方？
If we don’t protect our environment, the living space / room on Earth will be worse and worse. 如果我们不保护环境，地球上的生存空间将愈来愈糟糕。
5. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.
这意味着野生生物的生存空间将越来越少。
⑴ There will be是there be句型的一般将来时形式。
明天将有一场大雨。_____________________________________________.
⑵ “less and less + 不可数名词/形容词原形”，表示“越来越少……”或“越来越不……”。如：
In the future there will be less and less living space on Earth. 将来，地球上居住的空间将越来越少。
The city is becoming less and less beautiful because of the pollution. 由于污染，那座城市变得越来越不美丽了。
相关链接：①与less and less相对应的短语是more and more，表示“越来越多”或“越来越……”。如：
Life is becoming more and more beautiful. 生活变得越来越美好。
②more or less表示“几乎，差不多，大约”。如：
It’s more or less time to leave. 现在差不多该走了。
His father is more or less forty years old. 他的父亲大约四十岁。
6. Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife.
研究扎龙有助于我们了解怎样保护野生生物。
V-ing形式具有名词的一些特点，在句中可作主语和宾语。作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
Talking like that is impolite. 那样说话不礼貌。(作主语)
I enjoy working with you. 我很高兴和你们一起工作。(作宾语)
He told us not to make any noise and not to run.
他叫我们不要吵闹，也不要跑。
⑴ tell sb to do sth表示“让某人做某事”，否定形式为tell sb not to do sth，如：
The teacher told the girl to bring her homework tomorrow. 老师让那个女孩明天把家庭作业带来。
Mum always tells me not to watch too much TV. 妈妈总是叫我不要看太多电视。
相关链接：英语中，有类似用法的动词还有：ask(要求), order(命令), advise(建议), warn(警告)等。
⑵ make noise意为“发出嗓音”。其中noise意为“噪音”，即不悦耳的，不和谐的或任何令人讨厌的声音，常用a, some, any, much, a lot of等修饰。如：
Try not to make any noise when you go into the bedroom.
进入卧室时，尽量不要弄出声音来。
2. They are also important because they help prevent flood. 它们也很重要因为它们能帮助防洪。
⑴ prevent是及物动词，意为“防止，预防”，
\prevent sb / sth from doing sth，其中from可省略。此外，prevent也可用stop来替换。 如：Nothing will prevent us from reaching our aims.
什么也阻止不了我们达到我们的目的。
What prevented / stopped her coming here? 什么事使得她不能来这里？
⑵ flood表示“洪水，水灾”，可用heavy, great, big等词来修饰。如：
Because there was a heavy flood, the water washed the village away. 因为一场严重的洪水，大水冲跨了村庄。
3I think it is important for me to do something to protect birds.
我认为对我来说为保护鸟类而做一些事情是很重要的。
英语中，常常使用“it is + 形容词（+for sb）+ to do sth.”句型，表示“(对于某人来说)干某事怎么样”。其中it是句子的形式主语，真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语。如：
It’s important for us to protect wetlands. 对我们来说，保护湿地很重要。
It’s quite necessary to walk your pet dog in the open air once a day.
每天一次在户外溜你的宠物狗是必要的。
4. You can call me on 010-55586390 or e-mail me at amy@sunshinetown.com.cn. 你可以打010-55586390找我或者给我发电子邮件，地址是amy@sunshinetown.com.cn。
“按照……号码给某人电话”---------“call sb on / at + 电话号码”；
“发电子邮件到……”-----------“e-mail sb at + 电子信箱”。
温馨提醒：如果号码作宾语就不用介词on或at，直接用call +号码。
Eg: If fire breaks out, please call 119. 假如发生火灾，请拨打119。


unit6
1 be all wet 全湿了
2 not …until 直到…才 not unitl half an hour later 直到半小时后
3 mop sth up / mop up sth 把某物拖干净
4 natural disasters 自然灾害
5 bad weather 坏天气
6 lose the game 输了比赛
7 thousands of people 成千上万的人们
8 a car accident 一起车祸
9 crash into 撞到……上
10 wash sth away / wash away sth 把……冲走
11 fall from/off 从……摔下来
12 thunder and lightning 雷电
13 survive the earthquake 在地震中幸存下来
14 at first 起先
15 feel a slight shaking 感到一阵轻微的震动
16 hear a big noise like thunder 听到像雷一样的一阵巨响
17 look at each other in fear 惊恐地互相看看
18 like bombs under the ground 像地下的炸弹爆炸一样
19 run in all directions 向四面八方逃跑
20 run out of the shopping center 跑出购物中心
21 run out to the street 跑到街上
22 pieces of glass and bricks 成片的玻璃和砖头
23 fall down 摔下来
24 come down 倒下
25 calm down 安静下来
26 be trapped 陷入困境
27 say to oneself 自言自语
28 a moment of fear 片刻的恐惧
29 shout /scream for help 大声喊救命
30 stay alive 活着
31 have a packet of chocolate 吃一袋巧克力
32 hear shouts from excited people听到兴奋的人们发出的叫喊声
33 in a great hurry （to do sth ）极为匆忙地（做某事）
34 move sth away / move away sth 把……搬走
35 the noise of thunder 雷声
36 sound like 听起来像……
37 （be） around 7 7摄氏度左右
38 drop a little 下降一点
39 become / get worse 变得更糟
40 drop to -5 降到零下5摄氏度
41 be sunny / cloudy /foggy / frosty / stormy 晴朗的/多云的/有雾的/有霜的/暴风雨的天气
42 make excuses / make an excuse 找借口
43 get all wet （混身）湿透了
44 tell / ask sb （not） to do sth 叫某人（别）做某事
45 order sb （not） to do sth 命令某人（不要）做某事
46 run down the stairs 跑下楼梯
47walk out of the classroom one by one 一个接一个走出教室
48 in the wind 在风中
49 roll up trousers 卷起裤子
50 an accident report 一份事故报告
51 cover……with 用……覆盖……
52 be covered with 被……覆盖
53 call the 110 hotline 打110热线
54 be serious 严重的 something serious 一些严重的事
55 time of arrival 到达的时间
56 conditions of victims 受害者的情况
57 hear about 听说
58 a heavy storm with thunder and lightning 一阵大风暴伴随着雷电声
59 catch fire 着火
60 be （badly） hurt （严重）受伤
61 continue to do sth 继续做（同一件）事
62 fall over 绊倒
63 snowstorm warning 风雪警报
64 hear the noise of traffic 听到车辆的声音
65 look out of the window 朝窗外看
66 remove the snow 把雪移走
67 turn off the lights 关灯
68 typhoon signal number 台风信号

Unit 7 后缀（名词变形容词）：-y【表示天气的词语变形】【频率高：foggy;rainy】
【少数副词和形容词同形：fast, early, long】
【注意：good—well, near—nearly , hard -- hardly 】

Unit 7语法
七、句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
（1）主语 ＋ 不及物动词【动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise等等】
（2）主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语【动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语】
（3）主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语【系动词类别：A. 表示状态的连系动词：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, B. 表示转变或结果的系动词：become, get, grow, turn, go, come。】
（4）主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语【这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”】
可转换成：A. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ for sb.；B. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ to sb.
（5）主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语【作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式，是对宾语的补充说明，与宾语有直接联系，与主语无直接联系。】
Unit 8单词词组
1.rain的用法
a. rain作为动词，意为下雨，降雨。 It was raining hard when I got home yesterday evening.
b.rain作为名词，意为雨，大雨。Don’t go out in the rain.
c.rainy是形容词，意为有雨的，下雨的。 Spring is a rainy season in this country.
2.all的用法
a. 副词，意为完全地，十分地。Eg: He is all wrong.
b. 形容词，意为一切的，所有的，全部的。Eg: All the students in our school are friendly to us.
c. 代词，意为一切，全部，表示全体，大家，谓语动词看作单数。All goes well.
3. final: a. 用作名词，意为决赛。Our school football team goes to the final.
b. 用作形容词，意为最后的。I didn’t read the final chapter of the book.
4. thousands of people成千上万的人 hundred of, millions of
如果hundred, thousand, million等前面加具体数字时，不可以用复数，也不可以和of连用。
5.wash away把…冲走 wash off清洗掉、（使）清洗掉 wash out 洗干净，洗掉；破产、淘汰 wash up洗去，把…冲上岸【keep away离开；远离。go away走开,离开,离去。】
6. hear of听说 hear from sb.收到某人的来信
7. like与as的区别
Like与as都表示“像…”，但like是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不可接从句；而as为连词，后接从句。
Like every other students, Tom is bad at grammar.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
8.in fear在恐惧中 in surprise惊讶地 in danger处于危险中 in a hurry匆忙地 in poor health 健康欠佳
9.try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做某事 = do one’s best to do sth.
try doing sth. 设法、试图做某事
10.in all directions = in every direction 向四面八方
direction作名词，还可意为指示，说明
11.not…at all一点也不，根本
Not at all. 不用谢
12.since, as, because三个词都表示因为，引导原因状语从句。
a.since表示稍加分析就得出来的双方都知道的原因，意为既然，也常为于句首。
Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
b.as引导的从句多放于句首，表示十分明显的原因，意为由于，鉴于
As you were not there, I left a message.
c.because引导的从句常位于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，常用于回答why引导的问句。
I was late because I was ill yesterday.
13.already, still与yet
a.already多放于助动词前，强调事情的发生比预计或应该发生的时间早。
b.still表示某事正在进行还未停止，或某状态依然存在，某位置一般在句子的中间。
c.yet用来讨论某事在意料之中，多用于疑问句或否定句中。
14. Who will mop up the water if I go home without you? 
(1) will+ V原形   “将要做”。
(2) if 连词，“如果，假如”，引导条件状语从句。
时态：从句用一般现在是表示将要发生的动作，主句用一般将来时。 主将从现
15.accident事故
16.asleep睡着的 sleepy 困倦的
17.catch fire 着火，引起火灾
18.打XXXX(号码)跟某人联系 call sb. on XXXX（号码）
19.四面八方in all directions
20.come down崩塌；坍塌 calm down 冷静 break down (车辆或机器)出故障，坏掉【put down 记下，写下；镇压 put off推迟 put on 穿上
put out 伸出，熄灭 put up 举起，张贴 put up with 容忍 put away放好, 储存...备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃】
21.as soon as possible尽快
Unit 8语法
过去进行时
was/were +doing (现在分词）
【考点】　　
1.过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情; 在过去某个时间点发生的事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when sb. did sth., while。
2.在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
3.表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作，常与副词always,constantly,continually,frequently等连用，常常带有说话人的某种感情色彩。
4.通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时与一般过去时，两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作｡
【注意as;while;when区分】
1. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态。
2.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。
3.随着+从句…:用as【随着+名词短语：with】
4.表达“趁着…”的含义，用：while
5.while有转折意义，然而，却。