UNIT 6 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（课件PPT）

UNIT 6 Earth firstDeveloping ideas , Presenting ideas & ReflectionDeveloping ideas Look at the questions about “green living” and tick your answers.1　Which shopping bag is more environmentally friendly?□ A plastic bag. □ A paper bag. □ Neither of these.2　What should you do to save energy when leaving your home?□ Turn off a device. □ Unplug a device. □ Neither of these.3　What food is better for the environment?□ Food produced near to where you live.□ Food produced far from where you live. □ It depends.4　Which uses less water?□ Taking a bath. □ Taking a shower. □ It depends.Now work in groups and see if other people share your ideas.√√√√Read the four subheadings in the passage and decide if they are true or false. Then read the passage and check your answers.What’s really green?Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment，and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently，some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true，or even completely false. Here are some common ones. Which are really green??Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals，which mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down，but 　much less time for paper. Because of this，people think paper bags are the 　better environmental choice.However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases.In fact，both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So，take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.?When you turn off a device，it stops using power. When we turn off a device，such as television，it goes into stand-by mode. Devices in this mode still use power，and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more. This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device，even when it is turned “off”. To make sure your appliance is in fact off，remove the plug from its power supply.?Eating local food is good for the environment.It seems like common sense：eating local food should be better for the environment，because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfortunately，it is not that simple. It is the production of food，not its transport，that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. In some cases，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport.?It’s better to take a shower than a bath.It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower，you’ll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore，the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what’s really green.Read the effects and complete the causes of these according to the passage.1　Making a paper bag uses more energy and water than making a plastic bag. It also produces more greenhouse gases.Paper bags are not good for the environment.234Turning off a device won’t stop it from using power.Eating local food isn’t always better for the environment.It’s not always better to take a shower than a bath.Devices turned off go into stand-by mode and still use power.Local produce sometimes might use more energy and produce more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport.If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower，you’ll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water.Think & Share1　Which of the “green truths” surprises you most? Give your reasons.2　Are you aware of any other “green truths” that are not true? Share them with the class.3　How “green” are you? Share your “green actions” with the class.4　What can you do to become “greener”?When you turn off a device，it stops using power. Usually I just turn off my television before going out，thinking it is a safe and green way. I don’t know it’s still a waste of energy.Bike-sharing is a green method of transportation and provides a user-friendly experience. However，it causes the energy to be wasted if the bikes are thrown away by the roadside.I usually try to save energy and water in my daily life. For example，I always turn off the lights when I leave a room. I walk or ride a bike instead of taking a bus or a taxi. I take a cloth bag when I go shopping.I can stop using the things that can be used only once. I can unplug the TV set before I go out. I can stop people from producing power from coal.Work in groups. Give a talk about one of the “green truths” in the passage. 1　Use these questions to help plan your talk.·Which“green truth”are you going to talk about?·Why do people believe it is “green”?·Why is it not completely true?·What can you do to become “greener”?2　Organise your talk following the steps below.·Start your talk by stating the topic.·Describe your chosen“green truth”in more detail.·Explain why it is not completely“green”.·End your talk by encouraging your audience to become “greener”.3　Give your talk to the class.I’m going to talk about one of the “green truths”—Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones. As we all know，plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals，which mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down，but much less time for paper. Because of this，we think paper bags are the better environmental choice. However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. In fact，both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So，why not take a reusable bag to become “greener”when going shopping?Read the letter and answer the questions.Writing a persuasive letterDear Friends，We are writing this letter to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign. It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. You may not know over 30% of the world’s food is wasted，while many people in poor areas do not have enough to eat. In order to save food，we propose：1　Do not order more than you need in the school canteen.2　Order less and take leftover food home when dining in restaurants.3　Call on family members and friends to take part in the campaign.Reducing daily food waste by just 5% could save millions of people from starvation. Let’s start doing what we can to make the world a greener，cleaner place!With best wishes，Class 81　What is the purpose of the letter?2　What is the existing problem?3　What are the proposed actions from Class 8? The purpose of this letter is to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign.Over 30% of the world’s food is wasted，while many people in poor areas do not have enough to eat.Do not order more than you need in the school canteen；order less and take leftover food home when dining in restaurants；call on family members and friends to take part in the campaign.Problem：Cause（s）：Solution（s）：Now write a persuasive letter. Use the expressions in the box tohelp you.Work in groups. Discuss another environmental issue about whichto write a persuasive letter and make notes.Now write a persuasive letter. Use the expressions in the box to help you.Share your letter with the class.□Useful expressions ·We are writing this letter to raise your awareness of...·We are concerned that...·We would like to suggest...·We hope that you will consider...·One of the reasons for this is...·In order to improve the situation，we should...Dear Friends，We are writing this letter to raise your awareness of the need to protect our planet. You can help simply by participating in the No Bottled Water campaign. People tend to think bottled water is cleaner and more convenient. However，they may not know that according to scientific research，millions of tons of plastic is used worldwide to make water bottles each year. The plastic can take hundreds of years to break down. If you are worried about the effects of bottled water on the Earth，we would like to suggest you take the following steps：1 Carry your water in a sustainable，reusable bottle. In this way，you don’t need to buy bottled water.2 If you have to purchase a plastic bottled beverage，recycle the bottle after use.3 Call on your family members and friends to take part in this campaign.Everyone is responsible for making our planet cleaner and better by doing what we can. Let’s start NOW.With best wishes，Class 11Presenting ideasWork in groups. Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint. Add any more you can think of.rubbish，smoking，printingCreate a carbon footprint survey. Think of two questions and possible answers for each topic. Give each answer a score from 1（a low carbon footprint）to 3（a high carbon footprint）.Carry out the survey and use the results to come up with ways to reduce carbon footprint.Carbon footprint survey1　How often do you walk，cycle or take public transport to school?Never（3） □ One to three times a week（2） □ Almost every day（1） □... □ Useful expressions ·The average score of our group is...·The results show that...·The biggest problem is...·We’re glad to see that...·In order to...，we suggest...Report the results of your survey and your ideas to the class. Use the expressions in the box to help you.ReflectionAfter completing this unit，I can rate my performance 1（excellent），2（good）or 3（in need of improvement）.□ talk about environmental issues□ interrupt someone politely□ write a persuasive letter to raise awareness of an environmental issue□ challenge views or assumptions and make informed decisions□ live a greener life at home and at schoolI’ve learnt to make use of the following words and expressions：___________ _________________________________________________________________ I still need to improve：______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________课文思维导图梳理与提示Ⅰ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案） 1. Which shopping bag is more environmentally friendly?A. A plastic bag.B. A paper bag.C. A disposable（一次性的） bag.D. A reusable bag.2. What should you do to save energy when leaving your home?A. Turn off a device.B. Unplug a device.C. Leave a device on.D. Leave a device in a stand-by mode.○○课文预习自测3. What food is better for the environment?A. Food produced near to where you live.B. Food produced far from where you live.C. Food needing to be kept cold during transport.D. Food using less energy and producing less greenhouse gases.4. Which uses less water?A. Taking a bath more than 8 minutes.B. Taking a bath in a very large bathtub.C. Taking a shower less than 8 minutes.D. Taking a shower more than 8 minutes.○○Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文） Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment，and the 1　　　　（major） of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. 2　　　recently，some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true，or even 3　　　 　（complete） false.　　Many people think paper shopping bags are 4　　 （good） than plastic ones. However，making a paper bag uses more energy and water than making a plastic bag. The process also 5　　　　（produce） more greenhouse gases. In fact，both kinds of bags are bad for the environment.So，take a 6　　　　（reuse） bag with you when you go shopping. It seems like common sense that eating local food should be better for the environment，because it does not need to be transported long distances and 7　 　　（keep） cold during transport. In fact，it is the production of food 8　　　　uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. Local produce sometimes might use more energy and produce more greenhouse gases than produce 9　　　　（grow） a long way away—even taking into account its transport.　　Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see 10　　　　is really green.majorityButcompletely betterproducesreusablekeptthatgrownwhatLanguage points核心词汇 教材原句 ... and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.……我们大多数人也采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。1 majority n. 多数，大多数（人或物）The majority of the employees have university degrees.大部分雇员都有大学文凭。In the nursing profession，women are in a/the majority.女性在护理行业中占大多数。 ［词汇复现］题组练·领悟方法【学法点拨】（1）The majority+ 单数 / 复数谓语The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。【单词积累】（1）major adj. 主要的，重要的　n. 主修科目，专业　v. 主修major in 主修……（2）minor adj. 小的，不很重要的 → minority n. 少数，少数派完成句子(1)The agreement seems to be impossible because 　　　　　　　　 　　　（大多数成员）are against it.(2)Only　　　　　　　　　　　（少数的）people in that city do not have a car while thepeople taking the subway to work are 　　　　　　　　　　　（占大多数）.单句语法填空(3)To my surprise，the majority of the students 　　 　　（be）for his proposal.(4)One-third of the country 　　 　　（be）covered with trees and the majority of the citizens　　 　　（be）black people.the majority of the membersa minority ofin the/ a majority　areisare2 take steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事We are taking steps to prevent pollution.我们正在采取措施防止污染。【归纳拓展】（1）take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事（2）step up 使增加，使加快；走上前去 step by step 逐步地 out of step 不合拍，不一致 mind/watch your step 走路小心；言行小心谨慎单句语法填空(1)The wild population of koalas is in danger of dying out，so we should take steps __________（protect）them.(2) It is time for us to take measures __________ （protect）the environment.(3) Jack stepped __________ his pace because he didn’t want to be late again.to protectto protectup教材原句 Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals， which mistake them for food. 塑料袋会变成垃圾，被野生动物误食后会对其造成伤害。3 mistake...for...把……错当成……I think you must be mistaking me for someone else.我想你准是认错人了。【归纳拓展】（1）by mistake 错误地，无意地make a mistake 犯错admit one’s mistake 承认自己的错误（2）be mistaken about... 误解……；对……持有错误的见解单句语法填空(1) A woman mistook him 　　　　a well-known actor，and asked him for his autograph（亲笔签名）.(2)Tom must have taken your dictionary 　　　　mistake.(3)Don’t worry. We all make 　　　　（mistake）.(4)Unfortunately，I was 　　　　（mistake）about how much it would cost.完成句子(5) I took your bag instead of mine 　　　　 　　　　（错误地）.forbymistakesmistakenby mistake教材原句 It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down，but much less time for paper. 塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸的降解时间要短得多。4 break down （使）分解；出故障；失败；垮掉；消除Food is broken down in the stomach. 食物在胃里分解。Our car broke down and we had to push it off the road.我们的汽车抛锚了，我们只好把它推到路旁。Talks with business leaders broke down last night.与商界领导人的谈判于昨晚失败了。Her health broke down under the pressure of work.她因工作压力身体垮掉了。It takes a long time to break down prejudices.消除偏见需要很长时间。【归纳拓展】break up 破碎；解散 break into 强行闯入；突然……起来break in 破门而入；打断谈话 break away（from）脱离；逃脱break through 突破 break off 中断；折断break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发完成句子(1) He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the air-conditioning system 　　　　　　　　（发生故障）.(2)The river was covered with ice，which could sometimes 　　　　　　　　　　（破裂）without warning.(3)A big fire 　　　　　　　　（突然发生）last night and its cause is being looked into.(4)When he got home，he found his house 　　　　　　　　（被闯入）.(5)Burglars　　　　　　　　（强行进入）through the bedroom window. broke down break upbroke outbroke intobroke in教材原句 However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water . 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。5 amount n.数量，数额The task will take a large amount of time and energy.那项工作将花费大量的时间和精力。They didn’t deliver the right amount of sand.他们运来的沙子数量不对。单句语法填空(1)A large amount of money 　　　 　（spend）building more modern kindergartens so farthis year.(2)Large amounts of money 　　 　　（waste）buying useless things every year.(3) With more forests being destroyed，a large amount of good earth 　　　　（be）beingwashed away each year.完成句子(4)He wasted 　　　　 　　 　　（大量时间）playing computer games. are wasted is has been spent a large amount of time/large amounts of time教材原句 To make sure your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply. 为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。6 remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉；消除，除去；免除……的职务，开除As soon as the cake is done，remove it from the oven.蛋糕一烤好，就把它从烤箱里移出来。Illegally parked vehicles will be removed.非法停放的车辆将被拖走。remove one’s doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑 / 烦恼She has been removed from her position as a director.她已经被免去了董事职位。单句语法填空(1)To our amazement，the official was removed 　　　　office.(2)You’d better have the old furniture 　　　　（remove）.(3)Once formed，the bad habits are hard 　　 　　（remove）.完成句子(4) You’d better perform well to 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（消除他的疑虑）.(5)He 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（被开除了）the post because he broke the rules andregulations of the company by design.fromremovedto be removedto be removedwas removed from教材原句 ... even taking into account its transport .……即使将运输的因素考虑在内。7 take... into account 把……考虑进去（= take account of） I think you have to take into account that he’s much younger than the rest of us. 我认为你得考虑到他比我们其他人都要年轻得多。【归纳拓展】account for 是……的原因；解释；（在数量或比例上）占give an account of 描述……open/close an account 开立 / 结清账户on account of 因为，由于on no account 决不，绝对不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序） 单句语法填空(1) Coursework is taken 　　　　account as well as exam results.(2) ［2020·全国Ⅰ卷］ Lighting accounts 　　　　about 7% of the total electricity consumed inthe US.完成句子(3) The poor weather may have 　　　　 　　　　（是……的原因）the increase in thenumber of people who cough day and night.(4)He was too shocked to 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（描述）what had happened.intoforaccounted forgive an account of教材原句 We are writing this letter to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign. 我们写这封信是为了号召大家参加光盘运动。8 campaign n. & v.（1）n.（宣传）活动；运动；战役a campaign for equal rights 争取平等权利的运动Police launched a campaign to reduce road accidents.警方开展了一场减少道路交通事故的活动。（2）v. 参加活动；发起运动He has campaigned against whaling for the last 5 years.他过去五年一直参加反对捕鲸的运动。They’ve been campaigning for years to get him out of prison.多年来为了让他出狱他们一直在积极活动。单句语法填空(1) They have launched a campaign 　　 　（protect）ancient buildings in urban areas.(2)They are campaigning　 　 　（prevent）the wild animals being hunted.完成句子(3)He joined a group 　　 　　　 　（发起运动反对）the destruction of the rain forests.(4)Since then，they 　　 　　　 　　　 　（发起一场伟大的运动）to make the beaches safer for swimmers and tourists. to protect campaigning againsthave launched a great campaign to prevent教材原句 It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. 它敦促人们节约食物，不要在餐桌上浪费任何东西。9 urge v. &n. （1）v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 Our teachers urge that we （should） study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们努力学习。（2）n. 强烈的欲望，冲动搭配：an urge to do sth. 做某事的冲动I have an urge to help people out when they’re in trouble.当人们遇到困难时，我有一种帮助他们的冲动。 【学法点拨】urge 后跟从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。【单词积累】urgent adj. 紧急的；急切的 urgently adv. 紧急地；迫切地 urgency n. 紧急，紧迫单句语法填空(1) ［词汇复现］ That country urged the relevant parties 　　　 　（keep）calm and adopt a responsible attitude.(2)They might then urge their parents and other people 　　　　（give）up smoking，too.(3) He had a sudden urge 　　　　（design）a poster personally.(4)I have an 　　　　（urge）message. Call me back as soon as possible.to keep/（should）keepto giveto designurgent完成句子(5) Teachers urged parents 　　　　　 　　　　　　　（不要允许）their childrenunder 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(6) My teacher urged that 　　　　　　 　　　　　　（我们下课后应多做运动）.not to allow/（should）not allow we （should）do more exercise after class教材原句We are concerned that ...我们担心……10 concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；有关的I’m a bit concerned about/for your health.我有点儿担心你的健康。As far as I’m concerned，the film is worth seeing.在我看来，这部电影值得一看。 ［词汇复现］【误区警示】concerned 作前置定语时，意为“担心的；关心的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的”。concerned parents 忧心忡忡的家长 the people concerned 有关的人【单词积累】concern v. 使忧虑，使担心；与……有关　n. 担心，忧虑；担心的事concern oneself with/about 关心……；担心……with concern 关切地express/show concern about/for 对……表示关心 / 担心【一言辨异】As far as I am concerned，educators should be concerned about the problems that are concerned with the healthy growth of the children and concern themselves with the work of education. 依我之见，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题，并使自己参与教育工作。单句语法填空(1)As far as I’m 　　 　　（concern），the idea is crazy.(2) In fact，John has never been 　　 　　（concern）about what others think of him.(3) My teacher is looking at me 　　 　　concern.(4) Several parents showed their great concern 　 　　　their children’s safety at school.(5) The meeting was concerned 　 　　　the system reforms and everyone present was concerned 　　　　their own interests.(6)What 　　 　　（concern）me is our lack of preparation for the change.完成句子(7)The 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（忧心忡忡的家长）were all 　　　　 　　　　（担心）the children’s safety.(8) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（就我而言），reading English newspapers is of great help to our English study.(9)Please come here on time. The matter 　　　　 　　　　（与……有关）all of you.concerned As far as I am concerned is concerned withconcernedwithaboutwithaboutconcerns concerned parentsconcerned about教材原句 Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint. 看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。11 contribute v. 促成，造成（某事发生）；捐助，捐赠，贡献；投稿，撰稿 The volunteers contribute their own time to the project.志愿者为这一工程奉献出自己的时间。Smoking contributed to his early death.吸烟导致他早逝【归纳拓展】make a contribution/contributions to/towards... 为……作出贡献Rosa Parks made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US. 罗莎·帕克斯为美国民权运动作出了巨大贡献。【一言助记】 Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his return to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a press. 许多人给那个贫穷的男孩捐款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一个关于此事的故事并把它投给了一家出版社。写出下列句中 contribute 的含义(1) She contributed a number of articles to the magazine. __________　　　(2)Alcohol contributes to many deaths a year in this country. __________　　　　(3) The volunteers contribute much time to the activity. __________　　　　单句语法填空(4) The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions __________　the world.(5)He got promoted for his __________（contribute）to the company.(6)The famous writer is one of the several authors __________　（contribute）to the book.完成句子(7) Eating too much and lack of exercise _________________　（导致）his being too fat.(8)Every one of us should ___________________________　（为……作出贡献）our society.投稿造成贡献tocontributionscontributingcontribute tomake a contribution/contributions to教材原句 The average score of our group is ...我们组的平均成绩是……12 average adj.平均（数）的；平常的，普通的　n. 平均数；平均水平An average of 10 students were absent each day last term.上学期平均每天有 10 名学生缺席。400 people a year die of this disease on average.平均每年有 400 人死于这种疾病。He was in his late twenties and of average height.他年近三十，中等个头。单句语法填空(1)The province’s rainfall this year is 　 　　average. Many plants are short of water and have been dead.(2) 　 　　average，90% of the students per class in this school are experienced in studyingmaths.(3)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68℃　 　　theaverage.　　完成句子(4) 　 　　　 　　（平均来看），each member earns ＄5 per hour.belowOnaboveOn average重点句式 教材原句 However， making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water . 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。1 动名词（短语）作主语（1）动名词（短语）作主语可直接位于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语，而将动名词（短语）后置。单个的动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Saying is one thing，and doing is another.说是一回事，而做是另一回事。Staring at someone is impolite. 盯着人看是不礼貌的。It’s rather tiring looking after the kids. 照看孩子相当累人。（2）常用动名词（短语）作主语的句式：It is no use/no good doing sth. 做某事是没有用的。It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间。It is no fun doing sth. 做某事没有乐趣。It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。It is a waste of time discussing such matters.讨论这样的事情是浪费时间。【学法点拨】动名词和动词不定式都可以作主语。动名词作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次性的行为；动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2 倍数表达法倍数表达法常用的几种形式：（1）倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词的原级 + as + 其他（2）倍数 + 形容词 / 副词的比较级 + than + 其他（3）倍数 + the + size/height/weight/length/width/depth...+ of + 其他（4）倍数 + what 从句When you study the local map，you will find this town is three times as big as that one.=When you study the local map，you will find this town is three times bigger than that one.=When you study the local map，you will find this town is three times the size of that one.当你研究当地地图时，你会发现这个城镇是那个城镇的三倍大。【学法点拨】（1）上述结构中的“倍数”部分也可用分数、百分数代替。（2）表示两倍时，一般用 twice/double；times 表示“倍数”时，一般用于表示三倍或三倍以上。单句语法填空(1)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost twice 　　　　much as his.(2) This department is twice 　　　　（big）than that one.(3) Our manager presented a report three times 　　　　（long）of mine.一句多译这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。(4) The road is four times 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　it was three years ago.(5) The road is four times 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　it was three years ago.(6)The length of the road is four times 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　three years ago.asbiggerlength as long as　 the length of whatwhat it was教材原句 It is the production of food，not its transport， that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases . 相比于运输，食品的生产过程才是消耗大部分能源及产生大部分温室气体的原因。3 强调句型（1）强调句型的基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分. 该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。（2）一般疑问句：Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 ?特殊疑问句：疑问词 + is/was + it + that + 其他部分 ?Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?是她考试不及格使她的父母不高兴吗？When was it that she changed her mind?她是什么时候改变主意的？（3）not...until... 的强调句型：It is/was not until...that + 其他部分 .I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.→ It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。【误区警示】（1）强调句型中的 it 不能用其他词代替。（2）被强调部分指人时，可以用 who 代替 that，其他情况一律用that。（3）用 is 还是 was 要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用 is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用 was。【学法点拨】判断句子是不是强调句型的方法：去掉 it is/was 与 that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。单句语法填空(1) It was in the living room 　　　　Mary argued with her husband.(2) Was it yesterday 　　　　the building was damaged?(3)Who was it 　　　　lost patience with you?(4) 　　　　was because Jack got up late that he missed the ferry.(5)It was not until the professor came 　　　　they began the test.(6) It was my brother 　　　　helped me a lot when I was at university.一句多译I met an old deskmate at the railway station yesterday.(7) 强调主语：___________________________________________________________________(8) 强调宾语： ___________________________________________________________________(9) 强调地点状语： ___________________________________________________________________(10) 强调时间状语： __________________________________________________________________thatthatthatItthatthat/who It was I that/who met an old deskmate at the railway station yesterday.It was an old deskmate that I met at the railway station yesterday.It was at the railway station that I met an old deskmate yesterday.It was yesterday that I met an old deskmate at the railway station.THE END