高考英语三轮冲刺限时训练15 (含详解)

限时训练15 （难度：中等）

一、阅读理解（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）

    Imagine you had never tasted lemonade. You would still probably assume that lemon juice mixed with sugar tastes better than lemon juice alone. Because you know what lemons taste like, and you know what sugar tastes like.
    You can recall those past experiences, and make a prediction about your response to something new. Researchers call the ability to predict our future emotional state "affective forecasting". And some have suggested that the skill is unique to humans. But is it?
    "We combined different liquids and asked participants, the orangutan(猩猩) and the humans, to predict what such novel liquid combinations taste like, and whether they prefer one or the other," Lund University cognitive scientist Gabriela-Alina Saueiuc told us.
    She and her colleagues offered their cocktails(鸡尾酒) to a 21-year-old male orangutan named Naong, who lives in Sweden's Furuvik Zoo. They used four ingredients-cherry juice, rhubarb juice, lemon juice, and apple cider vinegar-which they combined into six unfamiliar mixtures. Altogether, that made for 24 possible comparisons of one drink against another.
    Naong watched the researchers mix his drinks. Then he got to choose from the two sets before him. And in 21 of the 24 trials, Naong matched the researchers' predictions: that his choice would be based on his relative fondness for the separate ingredients. For example, since he liked rhubarb juice better than lemon juice, he also preferred rhubarb-cherry juice to lemon-cherry juice—despite having had no experience with either.
    "We are impressed with Naong's ability to be so consistent in his choices." Both human and orangutan species seemed to make consistent choices about future events even if they had no previous experience to guide their decision-making.
    It's a single study with a single orangutan. But probably we will soon mark yet another skill off the list of things that were once thought to be specific to our species. Perhaps what's truly unique about us is our ongoing search for something unique about us.

1.     What did the scientists ask Naong to do in the study?

A. Separate drink ingredients.
B. Choose one out of two mixed drinks.
C. Combine drinks into mixtures.
D. Taste novel liquid combinations.

2.     What is a precondition for the study?

A. Naong could appreciate cocktails.
B. Naong could read the scientists' mind.
C. Naong was unfamiliar with the ingredients.
D. Naong had a preference for certain ingredients.

3.     What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Similar research findings are expected to follow.
B. The research has drawn a safe conclusion.
C. There is a list of all the uniquely human skills.
D. Animals equal humans in every way.

4.     What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Orangutan Taught to Make Predictions.
B. Intelligence Found in the Animal Kingdom.
C. Affective Forecasting: Not Unique to Humans.
D. The On-going Search for Uniquely Human Skills.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共1小题，共12.5分）

After having kids, I try to inspire them by setting good examples and making discussions about career race, kindness and finance a consistent part of our culture at home. （1） ______
• Make an impact （影响）on the world.
As a Black mother of Black kids, I tell them while they might be treated unfairly, they must remain proud of who they are and call out injustices. More importantly, make a difference to the world.（2） ______ Financial success isn't just about what you achieve for yourself - it's also about how you use that success to help others in your community succeed as well.
• Stick to your budget.
My kids love going to the grocery store,but things can get out of hand when they want to buy everything. To teach my kids about budgeting, I always have them help create the grocery list tied to a fixed spending amount. （3） ______ It also gives them perspective as to what we can and cannot afford due to our budget.
•（ 4） ______
I often explain to my twins that the people and things around you have a strong impact on your finances.I encourage my kids to constantly assess their inner circle of influence： Who are they spending time with？ What are they spending their free time doing？ What shifts do they need to make to help them meet their goals？
• Be grateful for what you have.
I'm teaching my kids about delayed satisfaction by not allowing them to buy everything they want now.（5） ______ So they understand the cost of the things they own, and why they can't have everything they want all at once, I also remind them to appreciate what they have, because not everyone has the same opportunity to own those same nice things.

A. Motivate people around you.
B. It requires a bit of selflessness.
C. Surround yourself with the right influence.
D. Whenever we go shopping, I involve them in the purchases.
E. Here are some specific life and money lessons I'm teaching them.
F. I'm showing them that they can be more than buyers and consumers.
G. It's fun for them to help fill the cart and add up the prices of all the items.

三、完形填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

Tima Abudhi is a 55-year-old mother of five.When growing up，she remembers watching her neighbors (10) at the mangrove forests （红树林） around her village on Pate Island，on Kenya's east coast，to build houses or to sell as wood.
  As the mangroves (11)，so did the fish that live among their roots -- a (12) for the fishing village of Kizingitini.The threat to their livelihoods and homes (13) Abudhi and other women to start replanting the mangroves，often spending all day at the (14)，taking time away from caring for their families and (15) their small businesses.Protecting the mangroves over the past few decades has (16) their incomes，but they felt it was a matter of urgency，Abudhi said.
"Replanting the mangroves is not (17).We have to go early in the morning to get the seedlings （幼苗） and then come to the beach and plant them until evening，just before the tides (18) again.We couldn't make(19) time for our businesses，"she said.
  Today，the women of Kizingitini no longer have to(20) to both make a living and conserve the mangroves，thanks to a loan scheme that helps them keep food on the table so they can (21) to continue planting. "This has led to increased(22) of women in conservation and community development，as well as reduced (23) inequality，" said Abudhi.
  Mangrove forests can (24) flooding and are considered key to controlling climate change and protecting people against warming-linked disasters.

10.  A. cut away B. settle down C. set out D. get up
11.  A. moved B. disappeared C. died D. rose
12.  A. contribution B. choice C. disaster D. luck
13.  A. encouraged B. motivated C. forbade D. persuaded
14.  A. neighbor B. community C. beach D. village
15.  A. selling B. assessing C. closing D. running
16.  A. increased B. gained C. produced D. decreased
17.  A. difficult B. easy C. worthwhile D. suitable
18.  A. return B. calm C. withdraw D. remove
19.  A. hard B. enough C. long D. cheap
20.  A. struggle B. stop C. prepare D. determine
21.  A. attempt B. witness C. afford D. refuse
22.  A. unemployment B. resignation C. participation D. ignorance
23.  A. gender B. wealth C. income D. age
24.  A. cancel B. keep C. accelerate D. slow

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

The acknowledgement （致谢词）of a doctoral essay written by a scholar from the Chinese Academy of Sciences four years ago has been widely reposted on social media in recent days.
  The author of this essay （1） ______ （ title） Research and Implementation of Humun-Machine Interactive Machine Translation Method is Dr Huang Guoping. In the acknowledgement, Huang recalled his past life,（2） ______ he has "come a long way and endured a great deal of hardships". His mother left home when he was young, and his father passed （3） ______ when he was 17. Afterwards the old dog,which lived with his family for years, went （4） ______ （ miss）.
  Looking back on his life, Huang described his life as "always accompanied with（5） ______ （poor），separations and deaths. The （6） ______ （ belief） that supported him to move forward were "keep learning, then head for a （7） ______ （ wide） world, making my life meaningful". After being admitted to the Chinese Academy of Science, he studied for his doctor's degree. Huang appreciated all the support from net friends （8） ______ said that the acknowledgement on social media was incomplete. So in his response, he posted the full （9） ______ and introduced his current life to net friends. Now he （10） ______ （ work） in Tencent Al Lab, continuing to pursue his goals.

1~4.【答案】B、D、A、C

【详解】【文章大意】本文介绍了一项证实猩猩具有预测能力的科学研究。
1. 根据第五段中Naong watched the researchers mix his drinks. Then he got to choose from the two sets before him.（Naong看着研究人员给他混合饮料。然后他要从面前的两组中做出选择。）可知，科学家让Naong观察鸡尾酒的调制过程，并从两杯混合饮品中选择一杯， 故选B。

2. 根据第五段中Naong matched the researchers' predictions: that his choice would be based on his relative fondness for the separate ingredients.（Naong与研究人员的预测相吻合：他的选择将基于他对不同成分的相对喜爱。）可知，Naong的选择是基于对某些成分的喜爱，这也是这个研究的先决条件。故选D。

3. 根据最后一段It's a single study with a single orangutan. But probably we will soon mark yet another skill off the list of things that were once thought to be specific to our species. Perhaps what's truly unique about us is our ongoing search for something unique about us.（这是一项针对一只猩猩的单独研究。但很可能我们很快就会把另一项技能从曾经被认为是人类特有的技能清单上划掉。也许我们真正独特的地方在于我们不断地寻找自己的独特之处。）可以推断，这项研究并不完美，但很快会有更多的研究得出相似的结论。故选A。

4. 通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项证实猩猩具有预测能力的科学研究。该研究主要发现了猩猩和人一样具有“affective forecasting”这项预测能力。所以C项“Affective Forecasting：并非人类独有。”作为题目最合适。故选C。
 

5~9.【答案】E、B、G、C、D

【详解】（1）E.话题导入题。根据首句"After having kids,I try to inspire them by setting good examples and making discussions about career race,kindness and finance a consistent part of our culture at home. （在有了孩子之后，我试图通过树立好榜样来激励他们，并讨论我们家庭文化中始终如一的职业种族、善良和财务问题。）"内容可知，作者引导孩子形成正确的人生观和金钱观。该空处应承上启下，用于引出下文的四种做法，E项"Here are some specific life and money lessons I'm teaching them（以下是我教给他们的一些关于生活和金钱的具体课程）"符合题意。故选E.
（2）B.推理判断题。根据该段小标题"Make an impact on the world（对世界产生影响）"可知，这一段是关于用金钱帮助他人，由下一句"Financial success isn't just about what you achieve for yourself - it's also about how you use that success to help others in your community succeed as well.（经济上的成功不仅仅是你为自己取得了什么，它还关乎你如何利用这些成功来帮助你所在社区的其他人获得成功。）"可以判断要做到这一点需要无私，B项"It requires a bit of selflessness（这需要一点无私）"符合题意，其中selflessness与下文中help others所表达的理念一致。故选B.
（3）G.细节理解题。根据前句中"To teach my kids about budgeting,I always have them help create the grocery list tied to a fixed spending amount.（为了教我的孩子如何预算，我总是让他们根据固定的消费金额创建购物清单）"可知，作者让孩子去购物，引导他们坚持预算。G项"It's fun for them to help fill the cart and add up the prices of all the items（对他们来说，帮助填满购物车和计算所有商品的价格是很有趣的。）"中"fill the cart and add up the prices of all the items"都属于购物的环节，符合上下文语境。故选G.
（4）C.标题归纳题。该空处是小标题，句式上和前后小标题一致，所以要选择祈使句。依据下文中"the people and things around you have a strong impact on your finances.（你周围的人和事对你的财务状况有很大影响）"和"assess their inner circle of influence（评估他们的核心影响力圈子）"可知，周围人的消费观念对自己的影响非常大，所以作者要求孩子们审视自己身边的人，C项"Surround yourself with the right influence.（让自己受到正确的影响）"简明扼要地突出了中心大意，符合题意。故选C.
（5）D.细节理解题。根据前句"I'm teaching my kids about delayed satisfaction by not allowing them to buy everything they want now（我正在教育我的孩子们，不要让他们现在就买所有他们想要的东西，这样就会延迟满足）"可知，不能允许孩子要什么就买什么，教育孩子延迟满足；结合后一句"So they understand the cost of the things they own（所以他们知道他们所拥有的东西的价格）"可知，作者是在购物中让孩子知道商品的价格和理解为什么不可以什么都要，以此懂得对拥有的东西心怀感恩，D项"Whenever we go shopping,I involve them in the purchases.（每次我们去购物，我都让他们参与购买）"承上启下，符合题意。故选D.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者在生活中以身作则，引导孩子树立正确的人生观和金钱观的事情。
选句填空类阅读理解题材广泛，所以学生要拓展知识面，关心时事，学习之余，增加阅读面。做此类题型，要通读全文，了解常见写作顺序，重点理解空白处前后的句子，关注段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系，如：并列、转折、因果关系及其它关系。把握意思的连贯性、逻辑性，锁定线索词，认真阅读选项，排除迷惑项，确定选项后，再快速泛读全文，确保文章上下衔接流畅，选项有据可依。
 

10~24.【答案】A、B、C、B、C、D、D、B、A、B、A、C、C、A、D

【详解】（1）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.cut away砍掉；B.settle down安定下来；C.set out开始；D.get up起床。句意：在肯尼亚东海岸的佩特岛，她记得自己成长时看到邻居们砍伐周围的红树林，用来盖房子或作为木材出售。根据"to build houses or to sell as wood"可知，邻居们砍伐红树林。故选A项。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.moved移动；B.disappeared消失；C.died死亡；D.rose升起。句意：随着红树林的消失，生活在它们根部的鱼也是如此——这对Kizingitini渔村来说是一场灾难。故选B项。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.contribution贡献；B.choice选择；C.disaster灾难；D.luck运气。句意：随着红树林的消失，生活在它们根部的鱼也是如此——这对Kizingitini渔村来说是一场灾难。根据"As the mangroves （2），so did the fish that live among their roots"可知这对村庄来说是一场灾难。故选C项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.encouraged鼓励；B.motivated激励，成为……的动机；C.forbade禁止；D.persuaded说服。句意：生计和家园面临的威胁促使Abudhi和其他妇女从照顾家庭和经营小企业中抽出时间，开始重新种植红树林，她们经常花费整天待在沙滩上。根据"The threat to their livelihoods and homes"及"to start replanting the mangroves"可知是"使有动力，激励"。故选B项。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.neighbor邻居；B.community社区；C.beach沙滩；D.village村庄。句意：生计和家园面临的威胁促使Abudhi和其他妇女从照顾家庭和经营小企业中抽出时间，开始重新种植红树林，她们经常花费整天待在沙滩上。根据第一段"watching her neighbors（1）at the mangrove forests around her village"可知，Abudhi和其他妇女待在沙滩上。故选C项。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.selling出售；B.assessing评价；C.closing关闭；D.running经营。句意：生计和家园面临的威胁促使Abudhi和其他妇女从照顾家庭和经营小企业中抽出时间，开始重新种植红树林，她们经常花费整天待在沙滩上。根据"taking time away from caring for their families and （6）their small businesses"可知是经营小本生意。故选D项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.increased增加；B.gained获得；C.produced制造；D.decreased减少。句意：在过去的几十年里，保护红树林减少了她们的收入，但她们觉得这是一个紧迫的问题，Abudhi说。根据"but they felt it was a matter of urgency"可知收入减少了。故选D项。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.difficult困难的；B.easy容易的；C.worthwhile值得的；D.suitable合适的。句意：重新种植红树林并不容易。根据下文"We have to go early in the morning to get the seedlings and then come to the beach and plant them until evening，just before the tides（9）again."可知是不容易。故选B项。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.return返回；B.calm使平静；C.withdraw撤销；D.remove移除。句意：我们必须一大早就去取树苗，然后到海滩上种植，一直种到晚上，刚好在潮水回来之前。根据"We have to go early in the morning to get the seedlings and then come to the beach and plant them until evening，just before the tides（9）again."可知，是在潮汐返回之前将树种好。故选A项。
（10）考查限定词/形容词及语境理解。A.hard困难的；B.enough足够的；C.long长的；D.cheap便宜的。句意："我们无法为自己的生意腾出足够的时间，"她说。根据上文"taking time away from caring for their families and （6）their small businesses"可知，她们没有足够的时间经营生意。故选B项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.struggle奋斗；B.stop停止；C.prepare准备；D.determine决心。句意：如今，Kizingitini的妇女们不再需要为生计和保护红树林而奋斗，这要归功于一项贷款计划，该计划帮助她们维持生计，从而有能力继续种植红树林。根据"both make a living and conserve the mangroves"及下文可知，她们不需要再为生计和保护红树林而艰难奋斗。故选A项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.attempt试图；B.witness目击；C.afford（有时间）做；D.refuse拒绝。句意：如今，Kizingitini的妇女们不再需要为生计和保护红树林而奋斗，这要归功于一项贷款计划，该计划帮助她们维持生计，从而有能力继续种植红树林。根据"thanks to a loan scheme"可知，妇女们能够有时间继续植林。故选C项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.unemployment失业；B.resignation辞职；C.participation参加；D.ignorance无知。句意：Abudhi说："这导致妇女更多地参与保护和社区发展，并减少了性别不平等。" 故选C项。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.gender性别；B.wealth财富；C.income收入；D.age年龄。句意：Abudhi说："这导致妇女更多地参与保护和社区发展，并减少了性别不平等。"根据上一句可知，减少了性别不平等现象。故选A项。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.cancel取消；B.keep保持；C.accelerate加快；D.slow减慢。句意：红树林可以减缓洪水，被认为是控制气候变化和保护人们免受与变暖有关的灾害的关键。根据"flooding and are considered key to controlling climate change and protecting people against warming-linked disasters."可知是"减慢"。故选D项。
本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了一群位于肯尼亚东海岸的佩特岛上Kizingitini渔村里的妇女们重建红树林，保护家园的事迹。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
 

25.【答案】【小题1】titled

【小题2】when

【小题3】away

【小题4】missing

【小题5】poverty

【小题6】beliefs

【小题7】wider

【小题8】who/that

【小题9】one

【小题10】is working

【详解】（1）titled.考查过去分词。句意：本文作者是黄国平博士，题目是《人机交互式机器翻译方法研究与实现》。title和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填titled.
（2）when.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在致谢信中，黄国平回忆了他过去的生活，那时候他"走过了漫长的路，经历了许多艰难困苦"。先行词为life,在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，故填when.
（3）away.考查动词短语。句意：他年轻时母亲离家出走，17岁时父亲过世，pass away去世，为固定搭配，故填away.
（4）missing.考查形容词。句意：他年轻时母亲离家出走，17岁时父亲过世，go missing丢失，missing为形容词作表语，故填missing.
（5）poverty.考查名词的数。句意：回顾自己的生活，黄国平形容自己的生活"总是伴随着贫穷、分离和死亡。作介词的宾语，所以用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词，故填poverty.
（6）beliefs.考查名词的数。句意：支持他前进的信念是"不断学习，然后走向更广阔的世界，让我的生活有意义"。作主语，谓语为were,所以用复数名词，故填beliefs.
（7）wider.考查形容词比较级。句意：支持他前进的信念是"不断学习，然后走向更广阔的世界，让我的生活有意义"。表示比现在更广阔，所以用形容词比较级作定语，故填wider.
（8）who/that.考查定语从句。句意：黄国平感谢所有网友的支持，他们表示，社交媒体上的感谢是不完整的。先行词为人，在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that.
（9）one.考查代词。句意：所以在回复中，他贴出了完整的回复，并向网友介绍了自己目前的生活。泛指一篇感谢信，所以用one,故填one.
（10）is working.考查时态。句意：现在他在腾讯Al实验室工作，继续追求自己的目标。描述现在正在发生的事情，所以用现在进行时态，故填is working.
本文讲述中国科学院一位学者4年前写的一篇博士论文获得承认，这一消息近日在社交媒体上被广泛转载。
本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。