2022-2023学年河北省唐山市高三上学期期末学业水平调研考试英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年河北省唐山市高三上学期期末学业水平调研考试英语试卷含解析，共33页。

 唐山市2022～2023学年度高三年级第一学期学业水平调研考试
英语
本试卷共12页，满分150分。考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上，2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Help her email Emily. B. Provide proper words. C. Teach her French
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Can you help me? I’m working on the email to Emily and I can’t find the right words in French.
M: I don’t think my French is better, but I’ll try.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the speakers get there?
A. At 9:45 am B. At 9:30 am. C. At 9:15 am.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: The bus will pick us up at 8:30 am, and then it’s an hour’s ride.
M: So we can get there early enough.
W: Not that early. There is a 15-minute break on the way.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A tight schedule B. Problems in papers C. Exam preparations.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: We’ve just received a timetable for the exams. We don’t have much time to prepare.
M: So let’s cover the important topics and review last year’s question papers.
W: Good idea!
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where are the speakers?
A. In a town B. In a forest C. In a hotel.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: A little farther and if we don’t see the sign, I’m heading back into town.
W: Well, the desk clerk said the hotel is hidden in the forest.
M: There it is! I’ve spotted the sign.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife.
B. Shop assistant and customer.
C. Repairman and house owner.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I am tired of fixing the dishwasher.
W: Why not go shopping for a new one now?
M: Let’s go. But we can’t leave our pet dog alone.
W: We can keep it in the car.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6. What is the man doing?
A. Generating power. B. Creating new dishes. C. Decorating the house.
7. What is the woman’s attitude towards the man’s alternative?
A. Interested. B. Disapproving. C. Supportive.
【答案】6. A 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Uh! What’s that smell?
M: I’m working on my latest invention: Turn our old food into an energy source for our car and our house.
W: Why? There are already many such types of energy. And none of them smells like this!
M: Well, I think I’m onto a better alternative.
W: You mean it would be more efficient than wind power or solar energy?
M: No, but I am using food that would otherwise be wasted.
W: I hate to tell you, but some people have found a way to do it without such smell.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8. How often can the man have pizzas?
A. Twice a week. B. Once a week. C. Once a month.
9. What will the speakers do on Saturdays?
A. Jogging. B. Light walking. C. Hiking
【答案】8. C 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: I’m gaining weight. I’ll stop drinking soft drink from now on.
W: And we’ll cut down on pizzas.
M: I thought you said pizzas could be eaten once a week.
W: Now once a month. Once a week is ice cream.
M: Yeah, ice cream is your favorite.
W: Peter, if you want to lose weight, you need to be disciplined, in both what you eat and what you do, which brings us to the issue of exercise.
M: OK. So, jogging twice a week, and hiking on Saturdays, right?
W: No, hiking is on Sundays. Saturdays are for the light walking exercise.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10. Why does the man go to the woman?
A. To borrow books. B. To submit his work. C. To ask for time extension.
11. Whose book is the man reading now?
A. Oliver’s. B. Andrew’s. C. Billy’s.
12. What will the man probably do?
A. Design a survey. B. Analyze research data. C. Interview professionals.
【答案】10. C 11. B 12. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Professor, can I hand in my work late?
W: Well, extensions are given only for medical reasons. What’s your problem?
M: I can’t finish reading the reference books.
W: You do not need to read them all. Choose some helpful parts from the books. For example, you need to read Oliver, whose arguments will give you a lot of help.
M: Fine. Should I read Billy’s book?
W: His work is good, but you needn’t read it now. You can read Andrew’s.
M: Yes. I am reading Andrew now.
W: Good. His research method is excellent. How is your research work going?
M: I couldn’t find the data I needed. Would a survey work?
W: I don’t think you will have enough time to design it and then analyze your research data. It’s better to interview some professionals.
M: Thank you. I’ll follow your advice.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

13. Which room will the woman hire?
A. The Charlton Room. B. The Main Hall. C. The Small Hall.
14. How much should the woman pay for the room?
A. ￡75. B. ￡115. C. ￡230.
15. What needs an extra charge?
A. Cameras. B. The parking lot. C. Tables
16. Why is a black box placed by the fire door?
A. To detect a certain sound level.
B. To show people the escape way
C. To record the band’s performance
【答案】13. B 14. C 15. A 16. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello. I want to hire a room for a charity event on October 1st and 2nd.
M: Let me see … Yes, we have three rooms available then. One is our Main Hall-that’s got seating for 200 people. The Charlton Room for up to 100. And the Small Hall for 50.
W: Well, we’re hoping for at least 150 people. So the largest room will be suitable. How much would that cost?
M: £75 for a weekday and £115 for a weekend day.
W: Our activity is on the weekends.
M: OK.
W: Does the charge include the use of tables, chairs and parking lot?
M: Yeah, that’s all included. But you’ll have to pay extra for our cameras.
W: OK.
M: Are you having a band?
W: Yes.
M: Talking of bands, I’m sure I don’t need to tell you this, but make sure that no one plays with the black box by the fire door – that’s a system that cuts in when the volume reaches a certain level.
W: Sure. Anyway we want people to be able to talk to one another so we don’t want anything too loud.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. What led to Puri’s research?
A. A wildlife exhibition. B. Her family’s hope C. A market visit.
18. What’s the problem with present monitoring systems?
A. They aren’t accurate.
B. They can’t catch pictures
C. They can’t locate hunters
19. How does ELSa work?
A. By using better visual recognition.
B By analyzing movement patterns.
C. By studying animals’ living situations.
20. What does Jasper think of ElSa?
A. It is not as good as his system
B. It will stop much illegal hunting.
C. Its performance needs to be proved.
【答案】17. C 18. A 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】When 17-year-old Anika Puri visited India with her family four years ago, she was surprised to see many products made of elephants still for sale in the market, even though the ban on hunting elephants had been in place for many years. As a wildlife lover, Puri wanted to do something to help protect the species. After research, Puri noticed that monitoring systems currently used are based on visual recognition. They can’t get clear images of animals and hunters, so they are not quite accurate. Full of passion, Puri created ElSa, a machine learning software. Machine learning allows a program to “learn” by feeding on data, to then be able, for example, to analyze situations by itself. ElSa then can analyze movement patterns of humans and elephants. It is four times more accurate than the existing detection methods. Her invention got her a prize. However, Jasper, a scientist who is designing a system to detect illegal hunters using GPS trackers, pointed that Puri’s model still needs to be tested further to see how well it can detect illegal hunters.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Southern Oregon University(SOU)housing is not just a place to live. It is an educational environment in which we are committed to helping you learn outside of the classroom and preparing you for life beyond college. Every resident shares the responsibility of knowing and understanding our residence hall standards, so everyone can live in a positive environment.
HEALTH AND SAFETY
Actions which endanger the health and safety of residents are not permitted in the residence halls. Throwing any object from windows, fighting with water, lighting candles and engaging in sports or other physical activities inside the residence halls are not allowed.
COOKING APPLIANCES
Small appliances are acceptable if the heating element is enclosed, such as coffee makers and rice cookers. Anything with an open heating element is not permitted. You are not permitted to bring your own microwaves or fridges into the residence halls. McLoughlin Hall and Madrone apartments are equipped with fullsize fridges and microwaves. Shasta and Greensprings residents have the option of renting a mini fridge for the year for a reasonable rate.
BICYCLES AND MOTORCYCLES
There are bicycle stands conveniently located all over campus. Be sure to employ appropriate locks when parking outdoors. No motor vehicles are allowed in the residence halls. Bicycles may not be stored in hallways or any other public hall location, except Shasta and McLoughlin Hall where bicycles can be stored within each room.
NOISE&QUIET HOURS
Quiet hours in housing:
●Sunday through Thursday from 11 p.m.to 8 a.m.
●Friday and Saturday from midnight to 10 a.m.
Residents are expected to demonstrate consideration for others at all times. If a neighbor requests a reduction in the noise, whether it is during or outside the quiet hours, respect is expected.
21. What is the intention of the passage?
A. To attract more students.
B. To introduce SOU’s commitment.
C. To provide guide to residence life.
D. To explain an educational environment.
22. What is allowed if you are a Shasta resident?
A. Keeping your bicycle in the room. B. Renting a full-size fridge.
C. Using a microwave, D. Storing your motor in the hallway.
23. Which time is proper for a residence get-together?
A. 7:30 a.m.Sunday B. 10 p.m.Friday.
C. 11:30 p.m.Tuesday D. 9 a.m.Saturday
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了居民生活中应该注意的一些安全事项。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段第三句“Every resident shares the responsibility of knowing and understanding our residence hall standards, so everyone can live in a positive environment.”（每位居民都有责任去了解我们居民楼的标准，以便每个人都能有舒适的生活环境。）并结合后文的注意事项可知，文章主要说明了一些居民生活中应该注意的安全事项。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“BICYCLES AND MOTORCYCLES”中“Bicycles may not be stored in hallways or any other public hall location, except Shasta and McLoughlin Hall where bicycles can be stored within each room.”（自行车不能放在楼道或者其他公共位置，Shasta 和McLoughlin除外，这两个地方自行车可以放在室内。）可知，在Shasta自行车可以放在室内。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“NOISE&QUIET HOURS”中“Friday and Saturday from midnight to 10 a.m”（周五和周六从午夜到上午10点）可知，这个时间段应该保证安静，所以周五晚上10.00可以举行聚会活动。故选B项。
B
Let me start by stating that I am an osprey. As with many in the human population, I spend a great deal of time near the shores and coastlines. Now, many of my fellow wild creatures have asked me to communicate with you on a matter of great importance. We need your help.
It has come to our attention that all of our lives could become endangered by your government. One of the most protective wildlife laws ever put into action is about to be severely weakened:the Endangered Species Act.
We know this would be a disastrous mistake. We had a frightening brush with extinction from the 1950s to the 1970s.Humans realized that chemical poisons such as DDT were causing our eggshells to thin. Other flying species were dying off, too. In 1973, when they were prohibited according to the Act, our population recovered, but it was not easy and not immediate.
The law also protected scores of other animals and plants. It helped save your national symbol, the bald eagle (秃鹰), from extinction. It allowed for the re-introduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park to restore a natural balance to that ecosystem. Right now, the law protects more than 1,600 species in the United States. Do you really think it is a good idea to weaken it?
Your government is engaged in some very dangerous, short-term and nonscientific thinking. Apparently, it is more economically accountable. That means if saving our lives involves larger possible economic losses, our lives and the stability of all of the multiple ecosystems of which we are a part will be ignored. This will not result in healthy, stable and sustainable ecosystems, which are what we all need to survive. Please help us and help yourselves. Keep the Endangered Species Act unbroken.
24. Which once made ospreys in danger?
A. The passing of a wildlife law.
B. The occupation of other species.
C. The slow process of reproduction.
D. The using of a poisonous substance.
25. How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A. By analyzing results.
B. By giving examples.
C. By following time order
D. By making comparisons.
26. What does the last paragraph intend to say?
A. The Act is not perfect.
B The ecosystem is weak
C. Economy is worsening gradually.
D. The government is lacking in vision.
27. What is the “osprey” doing in the text?
A. Making a request.
B. Delivering a speech.
C. Proposing a solution.
D. Declaring determination.
【答案】24 D 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文用拟人的手法，借助鱼鹰的口吻说明了《濒危物种法案》对于野生动物的重要性，请求人类政府不要削弱该法案。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Humans realized that chemical poisons such as DDT were causing our eggshells to thin. Other flying species were dying off, too.”（人类意识到像DDT这样的化学毒药正在使我们的蛋壳变薄。其他飞行物种也相继灭绝。）可知，使用有毒物质曾经使鱼鹰处于危险之中。故选D项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The law also protected scores of other animals and plants. It helped save your national symbol, the bald eagle, from extinction. It allowed for the re-introduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park to restore a natural balance to that ecosystem. Right now, the law protects more than 1,600 species in the United States. Do you really think it is a good idea to weaken it?”（该法律还保护了许多其他动植物。它帮助拯救了你们国家的象征，白头鹰，使之免于灭绝。它允许狼重新引入黄石国家公园，以恢复生态系统的自然平衡。目前，这项法律保护着美国1600多个物种。你真的认为削弱它是个好主意吗？）可推知，第四段主要是通过举例来展开的。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Your government is engaged in some very dangerous, short-term and nonscientific thinking Apparently, it is more economically accountable. That means if saving our lives involves larger possible economic losses, our lives and the stability of all of the multiple ecosystems of which we are a part will be ignored.”（你的政府正在进行一些非常危险的、短期的和不科学的思考。显然，它在经济上更负责任。这意味着，如果拯救我们的生命可能会带来更大的经济损失，那么我们的生命和我们所在的所有多元生态系统的稳定将被忽视。）可推知，最后一段想表达的是政府缺乏远见。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Let me start by stating that I am an osprey. As with many in the human population, I spend a great deal of time near the shores and coastlines. Now, many of my fellow wild creatures have asked me to communicate with you on a matter of great importance. We need your help.”（让我先声明一下，我是一只鱼鹰。和许多人一样，我大部分时间都呆在海岸和海岸线附近。现在，我的许多野生动物同伴要求我与你们交流一件非常重要的事情。我们需要你的帮助。）和最后一段中“Please help us and help yourselves. Keep the Endangered Species Act unbroken.”（请帮助我们，也请帮助你们自己。保持《濒危物种法案》不被破坏。）可推知，“鱼鹰”在文中提出请求。故选A项。
C
Teaching middle-school children about climate change may be one of the most important things we can do to save the planet.It’s those kids who have the most potential, according to a new study
It’s at this developmental age that students can master complex concepts like climate change and remain open to new ideas,the researchers say.Middle school is usually when we start to figure out how we really feel about the world and to form our own opinions.
The researchers carried out an experiment with students in North Carolina.They gave specialized climate change training to middle school teachers,sharing lessons that would specifically encourage the kids to interact with their parents and talk about the topic.Research has shown that lessons on climate change that have the most impact typically frame the topic around something you can often see or experience,so.the lessons were focused on these themes,such as how the environment relates to animals or how an individual can directly affect the environment.
The researchers divided the students into two groups:a control group that didn’t get the specialized lessons and an experiment group who did.They also surveyed parents before, during and after the program,following these groups for two years.
After the program,the 357 students who got the special lessons and their parents showed a larger change in their level of concern about climate change than the 224 students who did not get the training.The 357 kids,the study found,can best reach adults and encourage them to act to fight climate change,regardless of their parents’ political beliefs.In fact,the researchers found this method has the greatest impact on the people who are otherwise hardest to convince:conservative (保守的) males.
“Ireally think it is very timely and really speaks to the fact that we have to prepare kids for climate change,”said study author Danielle Lawson.“Immediate action is key.We have about 12 years to take action together to keep the global average temperature from rising 1.5 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial levels.Beyond that critical point,climate change will have done permanent damage.”
28. Why do middle schoolers have the most potential?
A. They are free from wrong ideas.
B. They like to deal with complexity.
C. They are interested in the outside world.
D. They are at an age to form their own views.
29. How can we describe the lesson topic?
A. Challenging. B. Familiar. C. Charming D. Limited.
30. What did the study find?
A. People’s political beliefs are hard to change.
B The 357 kids are good at communication skills.
C. Kids receiving the lessons influence their parents more.
D. No method but this one can convince conservative males.
31. What can be inferred from Danielle Lawson?
A. We have enough time to take action.
B. It’s urgent to deal with climate change
C. The kids can solve the future climate challenge
D. We can do nothing about global warming after 2034.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究表明向向中学生传授气候变化知识可能是我们拯救地球所能做的最重要的事情之一。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s at this developmental age that students can master complex concepts like climate change and remain open to new ideas,the researchers say.Middle school is usually when we start to figure out how we really feel about the world and to form our own opinions.(研究人员表示，正是在这个发展阶段，学生才能掌握气候变化等复杂概念，并对新思想乐于接受。中学通常是我们开始了解自己对世界的真实感受并形成自己观点的时候)”可知，中学生在拯救地球这方面最有潜力是因为他们正处于形成自己观点的年龄。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话“Research has shown that lessons on climate change that have the most impact typically frame the topic around something you can often see or experience,so.the lessons were focused on these themes,such as how the environment relates to animals or how an individual can directly affect the environment.(研究表明，影响最大的气候变化课程通常围绕着你经常看到或体验到的东西来阐述这个话题，因此，这些课程侧重于这些主题，例如环境如何与动物相关或个体如何直接影响环境)”可推知，这些主题是围绕我们经常看到或体验到的东西来阐述的。所以我们对这些主题是熟悉的。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句话“The 357 kids,the study found,can best reach adults and encourage them to act to fight climate change,regardless of their parents’ political beliefs.In fact,the researchers found this method has the greatest impact on the people who are otherwise hardest to convince:conservative(保守的)males.(研究发现，这357个孩子不管他们父母的政治信仰如何，可以最好的与成年人联系，并鼓励他们采取行动应对气候变化。事实上，研究人员发现，这种方法对那些最难以说服的人——保守的男性——影响最大。)”可推知，接受课程的孩子对父母的影响更大。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段 Danielle Lawson所说的话“Immediate action is key.We have about 12 years to take action together to keep the global average temperature from rising 1.5 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial levels.Beyond that critical point,climate change will have done permanent damage.(立即采取行动是关键。我们有大约12年的时间共同采取行动，防止全球平均气温比工业化前水平上升1.5摄氏度。超过这一临界点，气候变化将造成永久性破坏)”可知，Danielle Lawson认为我们现在必须采取行动来保护我们的地球，防止气候变化，否则气候变化将造成永久性破坏。由此可推知，应对气候变化是当务之急。故选B。
D
Maitland Jones Jr. is one of the nation’s top organic chemistry professors. He taught the subject for decades, first at Princeton and then at New York University, and wrote an influential textbook. He received awards for his teaching, as well as recognition as one of NYU’s coolest professors.
But last spring, as the campus emerged from pandemic restrictions, 82 of his 350 students signed a petition (请愿书) against him. Students said the course-negatively known for ending many students’ dream of medical school-was too hard, blaming Dr. Jones for their poor test scores. “We are very concerned about our scores, and find that they are not an accurate reflection of the time and effort put into this class,” the petition said. “A class with such a high percentage of withdrawals and low grades has failed to make students’ learning and well-being a priority and reflects poorly on the chemistry department.”
Dr. Jones, 84, who pioneered a new method of instruction that relied more on problem solving, defended his standards. “Students were misreading exam questions at an astonishing rate,” he wrote to the university. Grades fell even as he reduced the difficulty of his exams. After several years of Covid learning loss, the students not only didn’t study, they didn’t seem to know how to study.
The officials decided to end the contract with Jones and offered the students a chance to review their grades and withdraw from the class.
The university’s handling of the petition set off equal and opposite reactions from both the chemistry professors and pro-Jones students. “They are obviously going for some bottom line, and they want happy students who are saying great things about the university so more people apply and the U.S. News rankings keep going higher,” said Paramjit Arora, a chemistry professor.
“I don’t want my job back,” Dr. Jones said, adding that he had planned to retire soon anyway.“I just want to make sure this doesn’t happen to anyone else.”
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. Jones’s secret to success.
B. Jones’s ignorance of awards.
C. Jones’s fruitful teaching career.
D. Jones’s recognition of fellow professors.
33. What is the main concern from the 82 students?
A. A sharp decrease in study time.
B. The department development.
C. School pandemic restrictions.
D. Their academic performance.
34. Why did the NYU dismiss Jones according to Paramjit Arora?
A. To satisfy the students.
B. To make the headlines.
C. To follow the college rule.
D. To warn the other professors.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Who Was to Blame?
B. How to Treat Teachers?
C. What’s Wrong with Students?
D. Where to Get a Better Education?
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了纽约大学的学生认为他们的成绩下降和琼斯博士的课程有关，以及他本人和学校官员对此的看法。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Maitland Jones Jr. is one of the nation’s top organic chemistry professors. He taught the subject for decades, first at Princeton and then at New York University, and wrote an influential textbook. He received awards for his teaching, as well as recognition as one of NYU’s coolest professors.”（Maitland Jones Jr是全国顶尖的有机化学教授之一。他先是在普林斯顿大学(Princeton)，然后在纽约大学(New York University)教授这门学科数十年，并撰写了一本颇具影响力的教科书。他的教学屡获殊荣，也被公认为纽约大学最酷的教授之一）可知，第一段主要讲的是琼斯卓有成效的教学生涯。故选C项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“We are very concerned about our scores, and find that they are not an accurate reflection of the time and effort put into this class,” the petition said.”（请愿书中写道：“我们非常关注我们的分数，发现它们不能准确反映我们在这门课上投入的时间和努力。”）可知，82名学生最关心的是他们的学习成绩。故选D项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“They are obviously going for some bottom line, and they want happy students who are saying great things about the university so more people apply and the U.S.News rankings keep going higher,” said Paramjit Arora, a chemistry professor.”（他们显然是在追求某种底线，他们希望学生开心，对这所大学大加赞赏，这样就会有更多人申请，《美国新闻与世界报道》的排名就会不断提高，”化学教授帕拉姆吉特·阿罗拉(Paramjit Arora)说）可推知，根据Paramjit Arora的说法，纽约大学解雇琼斯是因为让学生满意。故选A项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“Students said the course-negatively known for ending many students’ dream of medical school-was too hard, blaming Dr. Jones for their poor test scores.”（学生们说，这门课程太难了，他们把考试成绩差的原因归咎于琼斯教授）和第三段中“Dr.Jones,84,who pioneered a new method of instruction that relied more on problem solving, defended his standards.”（84岁的琼斯博士开创了一种新的教学方法，更多地依赖于解决问题，他为自己的标准进行了辩护）可知，主要讲述了纽约大学的学生认为他们的成绩下降和琼斯博士的课程有关，以及他本人和学校官员对此的看法。故文章最适合的标题是“该怪谁？”。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you remember what it is like to be a kid?____36____Wake up. Get dressed. Brush your teeth. Eat your breakfast. Get in the car. Go to school. Sometimes kids listen to the instructions, but sometimes they don’t. And when they don’t, that can be very depressing for parents. So how can parents get their kids to act accordingly?
One strategy widely recommended by children’s health professionals is to engage your child in “special time”. For at least 5 minutes a day, join your child in activities like playing with dolls-anything that doesn’t have a right or wrong way to play. Don’t ask questions or give commands. ____37____It gives your child a chance to interact with you without the stress of having to follow directions, which in turn strengthens the bond between you.
Research has shown that this kind of playtime can be helpful in treating disruptive (捣乱的) conduct in children. According to a 2017 review of literature, special time has long been regarded as an “effective prevention for many emotional and behavioral difficulties” since it was developed in the 1970s. ____38____
If you’re ready to try special time with your child, keep these in your mind. Repeat back some of what they say. If they say “and it crashes,” you’re going to say “and it crashes.” The repetition shows your child you understand them and that you’re listening. ____39____. Rather than saying “good job,” because kids hear that all day long, say “I love the way you stack (堆) those blocks high.”
____40____But give it a week or two, and you’ll find that your child won’t want it to end. The best way to find out if something is good or successful is to test it yourself.
A. This is your child’s time to be in charge.
B. So much of the day is directed by adults.
C. Show enthusiasm while playing with your child.
D. The practice often feels awkward for adults at first.
E. Give your child specific praise as you play together.
F. It increases the closeness between your child and you.
G. It’s also been shown to boost concentration and social skills in children.
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. G 39. E 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几种父母可以让孩子按照指令采取相应的行动的方法。
【36题详解】
上文“Do you remember what it is like to be a kid? (你还记得小时候作为孩子是什么样子吗?)”为问句；下文“Wake up. Get dressed. Brush your teeth. Eat your breakfast. Get in the car. Go to school. Sometimes kids listen to the instructions, but sometimes they don’t. (醒来。穿好衣服。刷牙。吃你的早餐。上车。去上学。孩子们有时会听从指示，但有时不会。)”讲述了作为孩子，一天中按照指示所做的具体事项。B项“So much of the day is directed by adults. (一天中的大部分时间都是由成年人指挥的。)”既是上文问句的回答，呼应下文的“Sometimes kids listen to the instructions, but sometimes they don’t.”。故选B。
【37题详解】
上文“For at least 5 minutes a day, join your child in activities like playing with dolls-anything that doesn’t have a right or wrong way to play. Don’t ask questions or give commands. (每天至少花5分钟和你的孩子一起玩玩具娃娃——没有任何正确或错误的游戏方式。不要问问题，也不要发号施令。)”为祈使句，是建议；下文“It gives your child a chance to interact with you without the stress of having to follow directions, which in turn strengthens the bond between you. (这给了你的孩子一个与你互动的机会，而不必有听从指示的压力，这反过来又加强了你们之间的联系。)”为上文建议的意义和好处。A项“This is your child’s time to be in charge. (这是你孩子做主的时候了。)”中“This”指代上文的建议，且与下文同为意义和好处。故选A。
【38题详解】
上文“Research has shown that this kind of playtime can be helpful in treating disruptive (捣乱的) conduct in children. (研究表明，这种游戏时间有助于治疗儿童的破坏性行为。)”为研究结果，说明这种游戏时间的好处。G项“It’s also been shown to boost concentration and social skills in children. (它还被证明可以提高儿童的注意力和社交能力。)”中“It”指代上文中的“this kind of playtime”，且“also”进一步说明另一研究结果：还可以提高儿童的注意力和社交能力。故选G。
【39题详解】
后文“Rather than saying “good job,” because kids hear that all day long, say “I love the way you stack (堆) those blocks high.” (不要说“干得好”，因为孩子们整天都听到这句话，而是说“我喜欢你把积木堆得这么高。”) ”为举例说明具体的建议。E项“Give your child specific praise as you play together. (当你们一起玩的时候，给孩子具体明确的表扬。)”为作者给出的建议。故选E。
【40题详解】
上文““Rather than saying “good job,” because kids hear that all day long, say “I love the way you stack (堆) those blocks high.” (不要说“干得好”，因为孩子们整天都听到这句话，而是说“我喜欢你把积木堆得这么高。”) ”为作者给出的建议；下文“But give it a week or two, and you’ll find that your child won’t want it to end. (但是过一两个星期，你就会发现你的孩子并不想结束。)”为转折句，孩子不想结束，说明是成功的。D项“The practice often feels awkward for adults at first. (一开始，这种做法通常会让成年人感到尴尬。)”中“The practice”指代上文的建议，且说明缺点，照应下文的转折句，即使成年人一开始会尴尬，但是孩子喜欢。故选D。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I love the idea of a marathon race with just simply having a beginning point and an end goal. But what I love more about it is all about the____41____to my marathon.
Before I found my appreciation of running, ____42____ speaking, I was never a fan of it. As I got older, I had the ____43____to do things that I had never thought of doing-that was when I ____44____ myself.
It was during late summer that I____45____ to join a run. In every training session, I got the ____46____to learn something new about myself and everything else that surrounded me. I found my connection to nature ____47____ and it made me much more ____48____of everything-the wind, the rays of the sun and every step I take. During training, I passed by ____49____people-some eventually ran faster than I, and some others I _____50_____them. This reminded me everyone has different battles.
If I hadn’t decided to get ready and just go for it, I would have never known what running _____51_____for me. But of course with all these amazing feelings, there came _____52_____days when I felt terrible with aching muscles and hurting laps. Every aspect of life always comes_____53_____ those two, doesn’t it? Good and bad, right and wrong. It all_____54_____ perspective-which side will you let shine even more?
I hope you find your own marathon and_____55_____ it!
41. A. journey B. eagerness C. invitation D. admission
42. A. proudly B. roughly C. academically D. honestly
43. A. duty B. tendency C. permission D. request
44. A. challenged B. comforted C. treated D. exposed
45. A. agreed B. learned C. decided D. needed
46. A. energy B. order C. ability D. chance
47. A. deepened B. remained C. failed D. broke
48. A. confident B. aware C. careful D. free
49. A. odd B. different C. smart D. generous
50. A. admired B. influenced C. beat D. forgave
51. A. stated B. attracted C. impressed D. had
52. A. plain B. great C. special D. tough
53. A. in B. after C. for D. under
54. A. looks up to B. boils down to C. rolls down to D. adds up to
55. A. introduce B. examine C. experience D. determine
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自己从没有跑步热情到痴迷于马拉松的过程。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我更喜欢的是我的马拉松之旅。A. journey旅程；B. eagerness渴望；C. invitation邀请；D. admission许可。根据“I love the idea of a marathon race with just simply having a beginning point and an end goal.”可知，作者喜欢马拉松之旅。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：说实话，在我发现自己喜欢跑步之前，我从来都不是它的粉丝。A. proudly骄傲地；B. roughly粗略地；C. academically学业上；D. honestly诚实地。根据“I was never a fan of it.”可知，说实话，作者之前并不喜欢跑步。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我倾向于做一些我从未想过要做的事情——那就是我挑战自我的时候。A. duty责任；B. tendency趋势；C. permission允许；D. request请求。根据“I had never thought of doing-that was when I ____4____ myself.”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者倾向于做一些自己从未想过要做的事情，have the tendency to do sth.“有做某事的倾向”。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我倾向于做一些我从未想过要做的事情——那就是我挑战自我的时候。A. challenged挑战；B. comforted安慰；C. treated对待；D. exposed揭露。根据“I had never thought of doing”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者倾向于自我挑战。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在夏末的时候，我决定参加跑步。A. agreed同意；B. learned学习；C. decided决定；D. needed需要。根据“In every training session, I got the ____6____to learn something new about myself and everything else that surrounded me.”可知，作者开始决定参加跑步。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每次训练中，我都有机会了解自己和周围的一切。A. energy精力；B. order订单；C. ability能力；D. chance机会。根据“learn something new about myself and everything else that surrounded me.”可知，通过跑步训练，作者有机会了解自己和周围的一切。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现我与自然的联系加深了，它让我更清楚地意识到一切——风、阳光和我走的每一步。A. deepened加深；B. remained剩余；C. failed失败；D. broke打破。根据“In every training session, I got the ____6____to learn something new about myself and everything else that surrounded me.”可知，在跑步过程中，作者发现自己加深了与自然的联系。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现我与自然的联系加深了，它让我更清楚地意识到一切——风、阳光和我走的每一步。A. confident自信的；B. aware知道的；意识到的；C. careful仔细的；D. free自由的。根据前文“ I got the 　　6　　　to learn something new about myself and everything else that surrounded me.”和“the wind, the rays of the sun and every step I take.”可知，作者有机会了解自己和周围的一切，感觉自然让自己更清楚地意识到一切。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在训练中，我遇到了不同的人——有的人最终比我跑得快，有的人被我打败了。A. odd古怪的；B. different不同的；C. smart时髦的；D. generous慷慨的。根据“some eventually ran faster than I, and some others I ____10____them.”可知，在训练中，作者遇到了不同的人。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在训练中，我遇到了不同的人——有的人最终比我跑得快，有的人被我打败了。A. admired羡慕；B. influenced影响；C. beat打败；D. forgave原谅。根据“some eventually ran faster than I,”可知，跑得慢的人被作者打败了。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我没有决定做好准备，全力以赴，我就永远不会知道跑步对我有什么意义。A. stated开始；B. attracted吸引；C. impressed影响；D. had有。根据“If I hadn’t decided to get ready and just go for it,”可知，因为作者做好准备，全力以赴，所以作者知道了跑步对自己有什么意义。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，有了这些美妙的感觉，我也有过肌肉酸痛、膝盖疼痛的艰难日子。A. plain清楚的；B. great伟大的；C. special特别的；D. tough艰难的。根据“when I felt terrible with aching muscles and hurting laps.”可知，因为跑步而肌肉酸痛、膝盖疼痛，是作者艰难日子。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：生活的方方面面都在这两方面，不是吗? A. in在……方面；B. after在……之后；C. for为了；D. under低于。根据“Good and bad, right and wrong.”可知，生活的方方面面都在好与坏，对与错这两方面。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这一切都归结为视角——你会让哪一面更闪耀? A. looks up to尊敬；B. boils down to简化为；归结为；C. rolls down to向下滚动到；D. adds up to合计达。根据“which side will you let shine even more?”可知，是好与坏还是对与错，这一切都归结为不同的视角。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：希望你能找到自己的马拉松，并亲身体验!A. introduce介绍；B. examine检查；C. experience经历；体验；D. determine决心。根据“I hope you find your own marathon”可知，作者建议我们找到自己的马拉松，并亲身体验。故选C。
第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s Zhurong rover(火星车)has found evidence suggesting that water existed on Mars for much longer than expected.
Zhurong landed in a large plain on Mars on May 15,2021. Since then it has been exploring its landing site and sending information____56____ (constant) back to the Tianwen-1 orbiter circling the planet.
Data____57____ (collect) by the rover shows that the plain contained water during a time____58____ many experts believed Mars to be dry and cold.
“____59____came as a surprise to us researchers that at the landing site we found some minerals____60____ (indicate) water activities,” said Yang Liu, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. “Previous observations didn’t uncover the signature of these minerals.”
The minerals are contained within bright-colored rocks and these rocks make up a hard surface. The surface can form when a substantial amount____61____water evaporates (蒸发) . The discovery of the hard surface suggests that the plain____62____ (have)active water circles millions of years ago.
The rover will carry out a____63____ (far) exploration in the plain in the following period of time____64____ (gain) more insights about the history of water in the region. The plain has been of interest to____65____ (scientist) because some guess the region once hosted an ocean.
【答案】56. constantly
57. collected
58. when 59. It
60. indicating
61. of 62. had
63. further
64. to gain
65. scientists
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国祝融号火星车发现的证据表明火星上存在水的时间比预期的要长。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：此后，祝融号一直在探索其着陆地点，并不断向环绕地球的天文一号轨道飞行器发送信息。分析句子结构可知，空处需要副词修饰动词。故填constantly。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：火星车收集的数据显示，在许多专家认为火星干燥寒冷的时候，平原上有水。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作定语，和修饰的名词data之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填collected。
【58题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：火星车收集的数据显示，在许多专家认为火星干燥寒冷的时候，平原上有水。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【59题详解】
考查形式主语。句意：中国科学院研究员杨柳说：“我们的研究人员惊讶地发现，在着陆点发现了一些表明水活动的矿物质。”分析句子结构可知，空处为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。故填It。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科学院研究员杨柳说：“我们的研究人员惊讶地发现，在着陆点发现了一些表明水活动的矿物质。”分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，和宾语之间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填indicating。
【61题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：当大量的水蒸发时，表面就会形成。an amount of“大量的”，是固定短语。故填of。
【62题详解】
考查时态。句意：坚硬地表的发现表明，数百万年前，该平原曾有活跃的水循环。分析句子结构可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语动词。根据时间状语 millions of years ago可知，句子为一般过去时态。故填had。
【63题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：火星车将在接下来的一段时间内对平原进行进一步的探索，以获得有关该地区水历史的更多见解。根据句意可知，火星车将在接下来的一段时间内对平原进行进一步的探索，所以空处需要形容词的比较级further“更进一步的”。故填further。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：火星车将在接下来的一段时间内对平原进行进一步的探索，以获得有关该地区水历史的更多见解。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to gain。
【65题详解】
考查可数名词单复数。句意：科学家们一直对平原感兴趣，因为一些人猜测该地区曾经拥有海洋。根据句意可知，不止一个科学家对此感兴趣，所以空处需要名词的复数形式。故填scientists。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 你校英语报举办以“A Dish for My Family”为题的短文竞赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.做菜的原因：
2.菜品介绍。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A Dish for My Family

Every time I taste the dishes made by my mother, I’m always overwhelmed by the love in them. I think I should do something for my family as well.
This Saturday, I will make carrot and fish soup for my mother and father. Their screen time has led to blurred vision and eye strain. Carrots are said to be an excellent source of vitamin, which is good for eyes. Fish is a healthy food, rich in essential nutrients like protein.
I can’t imagine how happy my mother and father will be when the dish is served.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生以“A Dish for My Family”为题，写一篇短文参赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
导致：lead to→result in
极好的：excellent→fantastic
极其重要的：essential→very important
对……有好处：be good for→be beneficial to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Fish is a healthy food, rich in essential nutrients like protein.
拓展句：Fish is a healthy food, which is rich in essential nutrients like protein.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Carrots are said to be an excellent source of vitamin, which is good for eyes. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Every time I taste the dishes made by my mother, I’m always overwhelmed by the love in them. (运用了Every time引导的时间状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I hope Santa will bring me the doll for Christmas,” Jenna Lee whispered. She and I pressed up our faces to the toy store window that separated us from the doll inside.
Jenna was my neighbor. She and her family had only arrived from South Carolina a few months ago,without her father. I didn’t know the particulars, only that they were under difficult circumstances. Mum often gave them some necessities and comforted her mother.
“It’s Chatty Cathy doll. If you pull the string on her neck, she’ll talk to you,” I explained.
“She can say 11 things like ‘I love you’and ‘Tell me a story’.”
“I’ve never seen anything like her,” Jenna said, rubbing (擦) the glass window with one finger. “She would be nearly as good as having a real live friend like you.”
Chatty Cathy was on every girl’s Santa list. But I didn’t tell Jenna what I knew for a fact: Santa wasn’t real. Knowing the truth about Santa did have one advantage. It gave me the idea to search the house for presents that might be hidden away for me until Christmas morning. In fact, deep in the back of mum’s closet (衣橱) I’d found my Chatty Cathy doll. On Christmas morning She would be mine! I could hardly wait. Until then, Chatty Cathy would remain my secret.
“She’s the only thing I wrote down on my list for Christmas. What’s on your list this year?” I asked Jenna.
“I don’t make lists,” said Jenna, her eyes never leaving Chatty Cathy’s face. “We’re grateful for whatever Santa leaves in our stockings (长袜). I just hope Santa can find us this year.”
“Santa knows everything,” I comforted her. Walking home, I thought about what Jenna had said about being grateful. My mum always told me to be grateful for whatever happened. Now I was grateful for having a Chatty Cathy doll in her pink and orange box, just waiting for me to open her up on Christmas morning. The thought of it made me burst with excitement.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On Christmas morning, my family and I gathered around the tree.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jenna skipped into my house with a Chatty Cathy when I was seated in the sofa disappointed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】On Christmas morning,my family and I gathered around the tree. “Wow, a cool model car!” Here came my brother’s cheerful voice. It was then that my sister Lucy also unwrapped her gift under my mother’s help. On seeing the beautiful dress, the four-year-old girl asked Mum to dress herself in it happily. A pink and orange box attracted my eye, on which there was a note saying, “For dear Jane!” As I expected, it did belong to me. I opened the box quickly and excitedly. I couldn’t wait to play with my chatty Cathy. However, I couldn’t believe my eyes. In the pink and orange box lay nothing but a case of chocolate and a card saying “Merry Christmas!” It must be mistaken.
Jenna skipped into my house with a Chatty Cathy when I was seated in the sofa disappointed. “Look at my Cathy, Jane! Santa really found us though we moved! Let’s play with her together.” Suddenly it occurred to me that maybe my mother was the Santa who found Jenna. Thinking of what my mother always told me, I cheered up and hugged Diana. Now I was grateful that Jenna shared her doll and toy with me.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了小作者和她的新邻居家的小女孩Jenna成了新朋友，并且知道Jenna没有了父亲，家庭经济困难。一天她们在一起逛街时，Jenna喜欢上一个会说话的玩具娃娃，特别渴望圣诞老人在圣诞节是送给她这样一个礼物。小作者知道事实上圣诞老人是不存在的，不过是父母提前买好藏起来，并且她在柜子里发现妈妈已经买下那个娃娃，她肯定会在圣诞节那天得到它。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在圣诞节，全家人聚在圣诞树下。”可知，第一段可描写作者一家打开圣诞礼物。
②由第二段首句内容“当我失望地坐在沙发上时，珍娜带着那个娃娃蹦蹦跳跳地来到了我家。”可知，第二段可描写珍娜得到了圣诞礼物，并且是她渴望的那个娃娃。作者很失望，她并没有得到她以为会得到的那个娃娃，并揭晓真相。
2.续写线索：一起逛街喜欢上娃娃——渴望圣诞节——圣诞节礼物——作者没有得到娃娃——Jenna得到娃娃——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.穿上：dress sb. in…/put on…
②.打开：unwrap the present/open the box of the present
③.找到：find/spot/put one’s hands on
情绪类
①.感谢：show appreciation/show gratitude/be grateful
②.开心：become happy/cheer up
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. It was then that my sister Lucy also unwrapped her gift under my mother’s help.（使用了强调句型对时间状语进行强调）
[高分句型2]. In the pink and orange box lay nothing but a case of chocolate and a card saying “Merry Christmas!”（使用了倒装句和现在分词短语作后置定语）
[高分句型3]. Suddenly it occurred to me that maybe my mother was the Santa who found Jenna.（使用了that引导的主语从句）