Unit 4 Space Exploration Reading and Thinking语言点 课件

Unit4 Space Exploration Reading and ThinkingLearn about the development of space exploration Space:the Final Frontier Language Points Para1: “Are we alone? What's out there？” Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space①, and scientists work hard to find answers. They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.②①现在分词短语looking up at the stars在句中作时间状语, 相当于由_________引导的时间状语从句________________________________. ②这个句子里面还有一个由_____引导的______从句，先行词是________, 关系代词在从句里面做________. ③请找出本段里面所有的不定式，想想它们在句子里面起什么作用？when/whilewhen/while people are looking up at the starsthat定语planets主语Para2: Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream ①.①在这个句子里，travelling into space was an impossible dream是做_____的_____从句，________________是这个从句的主语。 Para2: After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity②②在这个句子里，包含了一个由______引导的______从句， 关系代词在从句中做________. felt宾语travelling into space that定语主语 Para2: Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space③. ③sb. be/become the first person to do...某人是第一个做……的人，句中的to do作后置定语。小设问：这个段落里面还有一个不定式做定语的表达，你能找出来吗？realise their dream to explore space. 归纳拓展：(1)序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词及形容词最高级等修饰通常用不定式作定语。被修饰词与不定式是逻辑上的主谓关系。He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个来，最后一个走。(2)不定式作后置定语的其他情况：①被修饰词被the only，the very等修饰时；②抽象名词ability, attempt, chance, promise, reason, time, way等后常用不定式作定语。即学即练①Lang Ping became the first person in volleyball ________ (win) an Olympic gold medal as both a player and a coach.②The girl is the best person ________ (finish) the whole work.③A build-it-yourself solar still is one of the best ways ________ (obtain) drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.④Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance ________ (keep) American strength.to winto finishto obtainto keep重点短语积累：1.be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事 2.succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 成功 n. ______ adj. _______ adv._______ successsuccessfulsuccessfullyAfter succeeding to[继承] his father’s company as president of it successfully, he succeeded in making the company more successful in its field, which helped to make him a big success in turn. 在他成功地继承了他父亲的公司并成为总裁后，他使公司在其领域获得了更大的成功。反过来，公司的成功也成就了他的成功人士的地位。注意：success是抽象名词，但是当表示“一个成功的人”或者“一件成功的事”时，为可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a,类似的还有surprise, failure等。即学即练：单句语法填空/完成句子①He succeeded in ________ (pass) the entrance examination and was admitted to Peking University.②I'm sure that David is to succeed him ________ chairman.③I never thought such a little child could___________________(成功地解决) such a difficult problem.passingassucceed in working outsuccessfully solve3.focus on / upon 集中(注意力、精力等）于The discussion focused on three main problems. 讨论集中在三个主要问题上。All eyes were focused on the speaker. 大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。“集中注意力/全神贯注于......”表达法锦集： 1.concentrate (one’s mind/attention) on 2. be buried /absorbed/lost in3.keep one’s mind on 4.focus/fix one’s mind/attention on5.lose oneself in/bury oneself in 即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to focus _____ her studies.②Catherine was seated in the sofa, totally absorbed ____ the book about youth and dreams.③The focus ________ the meeting was education.④All eyes were ________ (focus) on her ________ she entered the classroomoninoffocusedwhen/asPara1: These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. ①①句式分析:这是一个并列句。_____连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，__________是主语；______是谓语，_____是宾语，sad and disappointed是形容词作_________;后面的分句中，主语是______, to explore the universe是不定式短语作________, ____是谓语。butthese disastersmade宾补desire后置定语died（1）make + 名词/代词+不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原；即make sb/sth do sth 让某人做某事 ；sb/sth +be+made to do sth 【其被动语态结构】Every day my parents make me have an egg. = Every day I （2）make +名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词与宾语是被动关系 It’s too noisy. I can’t make my voice heard. 太吵了，我不能让别人听到我的声音。（3）make+名词/代词+形容词 表示：“使某人或某物变得...” （4）make+名词/代词+名词 表示:“使某人或某物成为...”We made Tom monitor. （5）make it+宾补+不定式（真正的宾语）.it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。They heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。was made to have an egg.即学即练：1.This produced a chain reaction, which made _____ possible for life to develop.2.The teacher raised his voice so that he could made himself ______(hear).3.He believes that the system will _________________________(让他成为一名更好的医生）itheardmake him a better doctorThis is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge.②② [句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。句中的_________引导的是表语从句。 It/This/That is/was because...意为“它/这/那是因为……”, because引导表语从句，后接原因。❶She is always unhappy. This is because she is rather demanding.她总是不快乐。这是因为她要求很高。because拓展：This/That/It is why... 这/那是为什么……(why引导表语从句，后跟结果)This/That/It is because... 这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，后跟原因)The reason (why...) is that...(……的)原因是……(why引导定语从句，修饰reason; that引导表语从句，后接reason的具体内容) 即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子1、He fell asleep during the lecture.This was_______he got bored with it.2、The reason why Henry missed the bus was ________ he got up late.3、Alice was too careless. That is ________ she failed the examination.4、From space, the earth looks blue. _______________ (这是因为) about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.5、He admitted that his father was strict with him. ____________(那就是为什么) he made so many achievements.becausethatwhyThis is becauseThat was whyIt orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providing a continuous human presence in space. ③③在这个句子里面，providing是provide的________形式，在句子里面相当于一个_________状语。现在分词伴随重点词组：1.carry on 继续做，坚持干 例句：They still carried on in spite of the difficult conditions.尽管条件艰苦，他们仍然坚持了下去。He carried on working as if nothing had happened.他若无其事地继续干活。与“carry”有关的高频词块：1. carry out 进行；贯彻；执行；实施 2. carry through 顺利实现2.on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上(1)board n. 板子；布告牌；黑板；委员会 v. 登上(船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等)a diving board 跳水板 board the ship/plane 登船/登机 the Board of Education 教育委员会 go on board 上船(上火车；上飞机)即学即练　完成句子①Some of the ships even had earth________(在船上) so that the sailors could grow their own crops for food.②The ship is about to start. Let's ___________ (上船).③On our trip ________ we visited many famous astronauts in England.on boardgo on boardabroadChina became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft①①思考：为什么这个句子后面用的是to independently send humans into space in 2003? _______________. 再来，这个句子包含了一个由_____引导的___________从句，对_____进行了进一步的解释说明。the third country in the worldwhen定语2003Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface②.followed是follow的_________形式，在句子中做伴随状语，being sent to the moon 是一个______时态的______语态，做后置定语来修饰the vehicle Jade Rabbit. 思考一下：在③和④的句子里面，to do 不定式有什么作用呢？过去分词正在进行被动Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. ①①句式分析： 这是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是________, ________是谓语，后面是省略了连接词that的_______从句。在宾语从句中使用了not only...but also...。scientistshope宾语not only...but (also)...表示“不但......而且......”该结构用法说明：（1）语法功能：连接平行结构-名词、代词、动词（短语）、非谓语动词、介宾短语、句子等。（2）主谓一致：它连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的成分在人称和数上保持一致，即就近原则，类似用法的词组还有either...or..., neither...nor...等（3）倒装:not only...but(also)...连接并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only所在的分句需部分倒装，but (also)所在的分句不倒装。例句：1.Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. 不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。2.He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read. 他不但读了这本书，而且记得读的内容3.Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.太阳不但提供给我们光，还有热。即学即练：1.Not only he but also I ____ (be) fond of playing the piano.2.Not only his parents but also his brother ______ (go) to the Summer Palace, and they haven’t been back yet. 一句多译He grows vegetables ________ flowers. = He ____________ flowers _________vegetables. amhas goneand/as well asnot only growsbut alsoP41 Task5 重点词组：1.in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望 = in the hope that +从句Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe.人类正在探索太空，希望能更多地了解宇宙。即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子①Bob and his younger brother came to New York in the hope ________ finding well-paid jobs to support themselves.②I am writing to you in the hope ________ you can lend me some money because mine is running out.③We returned to the park ____________ (希望) finding her wallet.＝We returned to the park ____________ that we could find her wallet.＝We returned to the park ________ that we could find her wallet.ofthatin the hope ofin the hope thathoping