高中外研版 (2019)Unit 4 A glimpse of the future获奖课件ppt

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定义谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致,这就叫主谓一致。
原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致原则
意义一致谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。例如：The crwd were fighting fr their lives.这些人正为生存而战斗。Three years in a strange land seems like a lng time. 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。
1.当表示时间，金钱，体积，重量，面积，距离，价格、度量等的名词作主语时若其意义指“总量”应看作单数，谓语用单数；但若其意义指“有多少数量”，则应该看作复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。 Ten years is quite a lng time.Fur weeks are ften apprximately regarded as ne mnth.
2.当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。 指一类事物时谓语动词一般用单数。The rich live a happy life, while the pr live a hard life. The wunded is ur captain. The disabled are well taken care f in this cuntry. The unknwn is what interests me.
3.当某些以-ics结尾的学科名称physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、plitics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、ecnmics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学）athletics(体育学)等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 Maths is difficult t learn.Physics is nt easy t understand.4.用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting bk. The United States is a develped cuntry. 特殊：由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语谓语用复数。The Olympic Games are held nce every fur years. The Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉) have a magnificent variety f plant and animal life.
5.如果名词词组的中心词是all, mst, half, rest, part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。 All f the rubbish was cleared away. All f the classmates have passed the examinatin.Mst f the wrkers have gne hme fr a hliday.
6.集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数；当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army, audience, band, gvernment, grup, public, team, trp, crwd, firm, family等等The family is the basic unit f ur sciety. The family were watching the TV. The audience was enrmus. The audience were greatly mved at the wrds. Class 3 are unable t agree n the plan. His family has just mved t Beijing.
7.有的名词如plice, peple, clthes, public, cattle等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数，而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, means, fish, wrks,species,等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。 Shrtly after the accident, the plice were sent t keep rder. The Chinese peple are brave and hardwrking. The cattle are grazing in the sunshine. Every means has been tried.All pssible means have been tried.
三、就近一致:谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。1.连词r, either…r, nt…but, neither…nr, nt nly…but als, whether…r等连词并列作主语时，谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。 Either yu r I am ging t answer his questin. Nt nly he but als his friends have been t New Yrk. 2.在there be结构中，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的主语一致。 There is a desk and three chairs in the rm. There are three chairs and a desk in the rm.
（1）Nt nly his children but als he himself _____(want) t g there.（2） Either my wife r I _________(be) ging t wrk there. (3)Either I r they______ (be) respnsible fr the result f the matter. (4)Here ______(be) a pen, a few envelpes and sme paper in the drawer.