Unit 4 单元词汇讲解课件

A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky教材版本：新外研册别单元：选择性必修三 Unit 4本单元词汇梳理assessbounddemand一词多义英语释义一词多义desperate搭配义精准的汉语释义搭配义consistent常见的否定前缀重难点词精讲tight & tightly一词多义capacity一词多义capacity n [C] & [U]［常用单数］容量 the greatest amount that a container or space can hold：a water bottle with a capacity of 1 literThe Beijing National Stadium, also known as the “Bird’s Nest”, has a capacity of 80,000.  [C] & [U]［常用单数］领悟 / 理解 / 办事能力 the ability to understand or do sth： Children have a remarkable capacity to learn / for learning languages.She has an enormous capacity for hard work.  [U]［单数］产能 the amount that a factory or machine, etc. can produce：At full capacity, China’s factories are only able to produce around 20 million masks a day. 构词：cap (to hold 容纳) + -acity (……的能力) → 容纳……的能力capacity 语义网络图容纳……的能力capacity基本义“容纳”知识 / 事件的“能力”工厂或机器所能“容纳”的生产“能力”领悟 / 理解 / 办事能力 产能容量“容纳”人 / 事物的“能力”评价；评定assess估算；估价assess vt 评价；评定 to make a judgement about a person or situation (judge)：It’s difficult to assess the impact of the President’s speech. Many of the adults were assessed as having learning difficulties. 估算；估价 to calculate the value or cost of sth (estimate)：Damage to the building was assessed at £40,000. ► assessment n [C] & [U] 评定；评价；估价；估算精准的汉语释义：“评”价，强调定性精准的汉语释义：估“算”，强调定量assess 小结assess 评价；评定强调“定性”，与judge同义，后面不接具体的数字。 估算；估价强调“定量”，与estimate同义，后面往往接具体的数字或how much等。温故知新根据所给汉语，完成句子。Something good __________________________（一定会）to happen in the end when you do not give up!is certain / sure/ boundboundbound adj［无比较级和最高级，不用于名词前］  必定的；一定的 certain to do sth：(be) bound to do sth:You’ve done so much work that you’re bound to pass the exam. 准备 / 正在到……去的；（车、船等）开往……的：a Paris-bound plane(be) bound for:The train is bound for Shanghai. vi 跳跃；跳跃着前进：Polly came bounding into the room holding a letter.bound n［复数］限制范围；界限：go beyond / within the bounds [C] 一跳by / in leaps and bounds 迅速地；突飞猛进地：Julie’s reading is improving in leaps and bounds.demand ■ vt （坚决）要求 to ask for sth firmly：Taylor was able to demand very high pay for her movies. ① demand to do sth:She demanded to see the manager. ② demand + that ... (should) do sth:Her teachers demanded that she wear longer skirts.  需要 to need sth in order to be done successfully：This work demands care and patience. 注意英语释义虚拟语气：从句谓语动词用should do, should可省略demand构词：de- (completely 完全) + mand (to order 命令) → 完全命令 → (坚决) 要求 注：不能说demand sb to do sth ■ n  [C] 要求 a strong request or order that must be obeyed：a demand for higher wages meet / satisfy the demands of the customers (= to give them what they are asking for)  [C] & [U] 需要；需求 the desire or need for sth / sb among a group of people：supply and demand Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager beginners. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. 2018 浙江in demand 非常需要的；受欢迎的：While modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. on demand [正式用语] 一经要求【词汇拓展】demanding adj（工作等）要求高的；费力的 needing a lot of effort, skill, care, etc.：He decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding job recently. Though the book is short, it is demanding. （人）要求严格的；苛求的 always wanting attention or expecting very high standards of people：a demanding bossdemand vs requiredemand to ask for sth very firmly 指强烈要求、坚决要求She demanded an immediate explanation. require (often passive) (rather formal) to make sb do or have sth, especially because it is necessary according to a law or set of rules or standards 指要求做（某事）、达到（某水平），尤指根据法规或规定All candidates will be required to take a short test. 可以借助英语释义辨析。A man visiting a graveyard saw a tombstone that reads, “Here lies John Kelly, a lawyer and an honest man.” “How about that!” he exclaimed. “Money is so tight that they’ve got three people buried in one grave!” A Joketight & tightlytight 的基本义为“紧的”。tight adj 紧的；绷紧的 反 loose：The drawer is so tight that I can’t open it. She is wearing a tight pair of jeans.（时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的：I can’t see you next week because the schedule is very tight.There was a tight group of people around the speaker. Money was always tight, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs. tightly 构词：tight + -ly时间、空间、经济等“紧的”具体事物之间“紧的”tightly来自tight，学tightly之前需要先学习tight（关系） 紧密的：a tight community 严格的：The airport security is very tight.adv 紧紧地；充分地：Shut the door tight. Sleep tight! 词汇拓展► tighten vi & vt（使）变紧；（使）加紧关系“紧的”要求等“紧的”tight 语义网络图紧的；绷紧的（时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的具体事物之间“紧的”（关系） 紧密的要求等“紧的”严格的时间、空间、经济等“紧的”关系“紧的”紧的 tight基本义desperate adj  绝望的；危急的：I was so desperate on hearing that. 2008 湖北 不顾一切的；铤而走险的；孤注一掷的：a desperate attempt Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl’s life. 极度渴望的；极需要的：The man lost in the desert was desperate for water. 词汇拓展► desperately adv 绝望地；非常构词：de- (without 没有) + sper (hope 希望) + -ate (形容词后缀) → 没有希望的，其基本义即为“绝望的” desperate词源解读因“绝望”所以不顾一切想摆脱“绝望的”困境而极需某物consistentcon- (together 一起) + sist (to stand 站立) + -ent (形容词后缀) → 一起站立的 → 一致的；始终如一的同根词： assist: as- (to 到) + sist (to stand 站) → 站到某人身边 → 帮助；协助 resist: re- (against 对抗) + sist (to stand 站) → 站起来对抗 → 抗拒；抵抗consistent adj（人、言行、文章等）前后一致的；始终如一的；连续的:Make sure that the tenses are consistent. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. 2020 山东be consistent with sth 与某物相一致；与某物相吻合：What we say should be consistent with what we do.词汇拓展consistently adv 始终如一地；一贯地否定前缀在英语中可以在单词的词首加一个表示否定的前缀，变成该词的反义词。常见的否定前缀有：un-、in-、dis-、mal-、mis-、non- 等等。掌握不同的否定前缀，可以推断出大量的派生词词义。在表格中的单词前加上表示否定意义的前缀，并说出其汉语释义。illegalimmoralunawaredisagreemisunderstand违法的不道德的没意识到的不同意误解知识梳理本单元金句汇总1. Children have a remarkable capacity to learn / for learning languages.2. It’s difficult to assess the impact of the President’s speech.3. You’ve done so much work that you’re bound to pass the exam.4. Julie’s reading is improving in leaps and bounds.5. Her teachers demanded that she wear longer skirts.6. Money was always tight, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs. 2008 浙江 7. The man lost in the desert was desperate for water. 8. What we say should be consistent with what we do.随堂检测一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1. The fuel tank（油箱）has a capacity of 40 litres. ___________2. The company has the capacity to build 15,000 trucks a year. ___________3. The theatre has a seating capacity of 2,000. ___________二、根据所给词块，将句子译成英语。作为一个高中生，你必须有沟通和解决问题的能力。(have the capacity to do sth)_______________________________________________________capacity容量产能能容纳As a senior high school student, you must have the capacity to communicate and solve problems.assess一、根据句意，选出下列句子中assess的汉语释义。 评价；评定  估算；估价1. Use the information below to assess how much money Dave and Jane will be able to give to charity. ____________2. I was determined to be assessed as a musician, not as a deaf musician, and I applied to the famous Royal Academy of Music in London. ____________二、根据句意，选出下列句子中assess的近义词。1. Our house is assessed at $200,000 but it’s only 2,100 square feet (judged / estimated) ____________2. This exam is a tool to help me and you assess how well you are learning the course material. (judge / estimate) ____________ estimated judge写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1. When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes are bound to happen. ___________2. We tried to get seats on a Rome-bound flight. ___________3. He bounded up the steps and pushed the bell of the door. ___________4. Her health has improved in leaps and bounds. ___________5. The plane is bound for Tokyo. ___________肯定会发生 / 在所难免 开往罗马的 跳上bound迅速开往……demand一、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella _____________（需要时）.2. _______________________________________（应观众的强烈要求）, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.3. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are _______________（大受欢迎）in this city.4. It is self-evident that we will never have enough resources to __________________（满足需求）. on demand In response to the audience’s great demandin great demandmeet the demand二、翻译下列句子。1. 如有任何需要，我很乐意帮忙。 ___________________________________________________2. 在中国对理科毕业生的需求大于文科毕业生。 ___________________________________________________3. 这位老师要求学生们准时到校。___________________________________________________4. 法律规定必须系安全带。___________________________________________________ Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China. You are required by law to wear a seat belt.The teacher demanded that the students (should) be on time to every class. If there is any demand, I would be very happy to help. 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1. My shoes were so tight that I could hardly walk. __________2. Time is tight, and she has another meeting to go to this afternoon. __________3. Together, the young film-makers formed a tight group. __________4. Anna was determined to keep a tight hold on her feelings. __________5. The driver slowed down at a tight bend in the road. __________二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold __________ (tight) to its mother.（2013 浙江） 2. I used my thumbnail to __________ (tight) the screw（螺丝）on my lamp.tight紧的时间紧张关系紧密的牢牢控制急转弯tightlytighten一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1. Time was running out and we were getting desperate. _________2. The doctors made one last desperate effort to save the boy’s life. _________3. The children are in desperate need of love and attention. _________二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. He was so desperate _________ a job that he would have done anything. 2. He was desperate _________ (tell) someone his good news.3. They fought _________ (desperate) for their lives.绝望的 拼命努力非常需要desperateforto telldesperatelyconsistent一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1. Your conduct is not consistent with what you say. _________2. She is a consistent girl in her feeling. _________3. There has been consistent growth in 5G mobile subscribers. ________二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. There has been a ____________ (consist) improvement in her attitude.2. The results are entirely consistent ____________ our earlier research.3. We have argued ____________ (consistent) for a change in the law.consistentwithconsistently言行不一始终如一的连续的