初中英语2023中考核心语法主谓一致考点解析

中考英语核心语法主谓一致考点解析考点一  集体名词主谓一致的辨析The Black family _________ very large.All the family ________ animal lovers.A.is; are                                      B.is; is                                      C.are; is                                      D.are; are【作法】第一步-对原文进行翻译：布莱克家族很大。全家人都是动物爱好者。第二步-对句子的主语进行单复数判断，第一处“The Black family...very large.”强调整体，用单数is；第二处“All the family...animal lovers.”强调个体，用复数are。故选A。【结论】情况例句and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)＂单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用单数; ＂a(good/large) number of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。【典例秒杀】Where ________ the police?A.is                                      B.am                                      C.are—The population of China ________ large.About half of the population ________ farmers.—Now more and more farmers are moving to towns and cities.A.is; are                                      B.are; is                                      C.is; is                                      D.are; areHalf of the class ________ in the library.A.is seeing                                      B.are reading                                      C.is looking                                      D.are lookingPeople in the city often ________ country life, big yards, fresh air.A.misses                                      B.thinks                                      C.miss                                      D.think考点二  就近原则（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）Look! There are some ________ eating grass on the hill.A.sheep                                      B.cow                                      C.horse【作法】第一步-对原文进行翻译：看！有一些绵羊在山上吃草。第二步-对特征就近原则的单词进行判断。sheep绵羊；cow奶牛；horse马。根据“some”可知其后用可数名词复数，sheep单复数同形，其他选项均为单数。故选A。【结论】技巧：记住there be 和几个就近原则即可。所谓“一山不容二虎”，因为There be就是有的意思，所以there不和have（有）联用。例there is going to have和there will have都是错误形式。什么是就近原则。主谓一致时会出现特殊几个固定搭配（包括there be），考察be动词（或其他动词）的形式（单复数、时态等），就近原则就是这个动词最近的名词决定了这个be动词的形式。例：There ________a table and two chairs in the house。table单数决定了这个be动词就是is相对应There________two chairs and a table in the house。two chairs决定了这个be动词就是are还有类似的主谓一致固定搭配有：either…or ； neither… nor；not only…but also; not…but或or连接两个并列主语这些单词就近原则考察的一般是主语的单复数决定动词的形式例：Not only my parents but also I ________looking forward to meeting my uncle.I决定了这个be动词应该是amNot only I but also my parents________looking forward to meeting my uncle.my parents决定了这个be动词应该是are