初中英语中考专题复习——动词分类（实义动词+系动词+助动词+情态动词）

初中英语动词分类 (一)实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1.及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。(1)动词+宾语I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。(2)动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,不用接宾语。Horses run fast.马跑得快。(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)We study hard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。①动词+介词Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。②动词+副词+介词Let’s go on with our work!让我们继续我们的工作吧!He gets along well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。注意:这类动词短语后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。3.延续性动词和非延续性动词(1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:live,study,work,keep,teach等。We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.自2001年以来,我们一直住在苏州。You can keep this book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。(2) 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一旦发生立即结束,如:buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他的词代替。The old man has been dead for two years.那个老人已经去世两年了。(这里不能用has died)He arrived here five days ago.他五天前到这儿的。 (二)系动词系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常见的系动词有:be,become,get,look,seem,turn,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep等。这些词没有被动语态。He is a strong man.他是一个强壮的人。Mr Wang seems very angry.王先生似乎很生气。This kind of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。You must keep healthy.你必须保持健康。Her face turns red.她的脸红了。(三)助动词助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be、have、has、had、do、does、did、will和shall等。1.助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)(1)助动词be+现在分词,构成进行时。They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.他们问我整个下午在干什么。(2)助动词be+过去分词,构成被动语态。English is spoken in many countries.许多国家都讲英语。2.助动词have/has/had+过去分词形式,构成完成时。We have studied English for five years.我们学英语已经五年了。Have you seen Li Hua?你见到李华了吗?We have read English for an hour.我们读了一小时英语了。3.助动词do/does/did用于构成疑问句和否定句,用于倒装句,加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。—Do you live in China?你住在中国吗?—Yes,I do.是的,我住在中国。He didn’t play basketball yesterday.他昨天没有打篮球。Only then did I realize I was wrong.直到那时我才意识到我错了。4.助动词will和shall用于构成一般将来时。(shall主要用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称)There will be a football match this evening.今晚将有一场足球比赛。I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.到下个生日,我就十六岁了。He asked me when we would leave.他问我我们何时动身。(四)情态动词有一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表示说话人的态度。它在句中需和主要动词一起构成谓语。（五）中考练习1.Don’t ___ any more time, or we will miss the meeting.A.save B.trust C.waste D.love【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要____任何更多的时间，否则我们将会错过会议。save节省；trust信任；waste浪费；love热爱。根据后面的“否则我们将会错过会议”可知此处是指“浪费”，故选C。2.My parents said they would come to visit me.I couldn’t ___ to see them after being away from home for several months.A.wait B.help C.expect D.afford【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母说他们要来看我。离开家几个月之后我____见到他们。wait等待；help帮助；expect期望；afford负担得起。根据语境可知此处指迫不及待见到他们，can’t wait to do sth.意为“迫不及待做某事”，为固定搭配。故选A。3.In our life, we need to ___ those people who help us, such as our parents, teachers and friends.A.thank B.remind C.teach D.look【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们的生活当中，我们需要____那些帮助我们的人，例如我们的父母、老师和朋友。thank感谢；remind提醒；teach教;look看。根据常识可知要感谢那些帮助过我们的人。故选A。4.—Come home before dinner time, Peter!— I ___, Mom.A.promise B.guess C.wish D.admire【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意“晚饭前回家，皮特！”“我____，妈妈。”promise保证：guess猜测：wish希望：admire赞赏。结合语境可知是答应妈妈的要求，故选A。5.Tom and Jerry is very funny.I can’t help ___ when I watch it.A.singing B.laughingC.sleeping D.talking【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：《汤姆和杰里》（《猫和老鼠》）非常有趣。当我看它的时候，我忍不住____。singing唱歌：laughing大笑；sleeping睡觉；talking谈论。根据funny并结合常识可知《猫和老鼠》是一部非常有趣的动画片，常常使人大笑不已。故选B6.— I’ve no idea where to go next month.—Why not ___ visiting Beijing? There are so many places of interest there.A.suggest B.wonder C.consider D.regard【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意“我不知道下个月去哪里。”“为什么不____参观北京呢？那里有很多名胜古迹。”suggest建议；wonder想知道，好奇；consider考虑；regard认为。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”符合语境，故选C。7.Don’t ___ the chance when you can catch it, or you will regret. A.guess B.miss C.remember D.allow【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：能抓住机会的时候不要____，否则你会后悔的。guess猜测；miss错过；remember记得；allow允许。分析句意可知此处指，只要能抓住机会就不要错过，故选B。8.—When will Mr.Green ___ Beijing? —In a week.A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come【答案】A【解析】考查近义动词词义辨析。句意“格林先生什么时候____北京？”“一周后。”四个选项均有到达之意，reach及物动词，后面直接跟宾语；get不及物动词，get to+地点；arrive不及物动词，arrive in+大地方，arrive at+小地方;come不及物动词，come to+地点。故选A。9.—How long can I ___ this book?—For five days.But you must return it on time.A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.take【答案】C【解析】考查近义动词词义辨析。句意“我可以____这本书多久？”“五天。但你必须要按时还书。”根据“How long”可知空处需填延续性动词。四个选项中只有keep是延续性动词，其它均为短暂性动词。故选C。10.The air ___ fresh after the rain, and the sky is blue.A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.sounds【答案】C【解析】考查感官动词词义辨析。句意：雨后的空气____清新，并且天空是蓝色的。feels摸起来；tastes尝起来；smells闻起来；sounds听起来。分析句意及联系常识可知，雨后的空气闻起来很清新，故选C。11.The orange ___ so sweet.I want to have another one.A.tastes B.feels C.smells D.looks【答案】A【解析】考查感官动词词义辨析。句意：这个橙子____真甜。我还想再吃一个。橙子应是尝起来甜。故选A。总结： 动词词义辨析是中考的必考点，且多在完形填空中考查，包括实义动词词义的语境辨析和近义词辨析。