2021-2022学年河南省安阳市滑县高二下学期期末测评英语试题含解析

这是一份2021-2022学年河南省安阳市滑县高二下学期期末测评英语试题含解析，共31页。
 滑县2021—2022学年下学期期末测评试卷
高二英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.考生作答时，请将正确的答案填写在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。回答选择题时，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man want to do?
A. Take photos. B. Buy a camera. C. Help the woman.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I’ve got my camera with me. Am I allowed to take photos for you?
W: Of course you can.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers talking about?
A. A noisy night. B. Their life in town. C. A place to live.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I really like living here in this flat, because it’s so near to town.
W: That’s true. But it gets really noisy at night.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where is the man now?
A. On his way. B. In a restaurant. C. At home.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Maggie. I’m coming, but it’s snowing and the traffic is moving slowly.
W: OK, David. Take your time. We’ll wait for you, so we can have dinner together.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will Celia do?
A. Find a player. B. Watch a game. C. Play basketball.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Celia, do you see those girls over there? They need another player for a basketball game. Would you like to join them?
W: Seems like it’s a game for fun. Sure, I’ll be there in a minute.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What day is it when the conversation takes place?
A. Saturday. B. Sunday. C. Monday.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I won’t have anything to wear to work on Monday unless I pick up my clothes at dry cleaners.
W: Then you’d better hurry. It closes at noon on Sundays.
M: Oh! I should have gone there on Saturday.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6. What is Sara going to do?
A. Buy John a gift.
B. Invite John to France.
C. Give John a surprise.
7. What does the man think of Sura’s plan?
A. Funny. B. Exciting. C. Strange.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Alright, Sara, we know that you are planning something big for John’s birthday. Could you tell us just what you have in your mind?
W: I want to make his birthday a very special event. John has a sister living in France. And I’ll send her a plane ticket, so that she can be here for his birthday.
M: Boy! What an excellent plan! That’s something special. I can’t keep some secret plans and shall we tell him right how?
W: Well, I don’t want to say anything until I am sure she could come.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8. Why does Diana say sorry to Peter?
A. She has to give up her travel plan.
B. She wants to visit another city.
C. She needs to put off her test.
9. What does Diana want Peter to do?
A. Help her with her study.
B. Take a book to her friend.
C. Change the plane ticket.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Peter. I’m sorry!
W: Hi, Diana, what’s wrong?
M: We are going to Hong Kong this weekend, but I’m afraid I can’t go.
W: How come?
M: I have a really big geography test and I have to study for it.
W: We can go next week instead.
M: No, I don’t want to ruin your weekend. You go ahead and please take the book I bought to my friend Sally. Tell her I have to study all weekend, because I can’t afford to fail the test.
W: OK, then I’ll go with them. But it’s a pity you can’t come.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10. Why does the man call the woman?
A. To tell her about her new job.
B. To ask about her job program.
C. To plan a meeting with her.
11. Who needs a new flat?
A. Alex. B. Andrea. C. Miranda.
12. Where is the woman now?
A. In Baltimore. B. In New York. C. In Avon.
【答案】10. A 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, this is Andrea.
M: Hello, Andrea, this is Alex. I have some very big news for you. Miranda is very satisfied with you and says she is very much looking forward to working with you. Isn’t that wonderful? Congratulations dear! How does it feel to he Miranda’s new assistant? I imagine that you’ll just be delighted with this news. So let’s see. You can start on Monday, right?
W: Umm, well, I don’t think I can start on Monday. I am visiting my father in Baltimore. And because I don’t live in New York, I’ll need a couple of days to find a flat and buy some furniture and move my things from Avon.
M: Oh, well then, in that case I suppose Wednesday will be good. OK, see you then!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

13. What does Jan consider most important when he judges a restaurant?
A. Where the restaurant is.
B. Whether the prices are low.
C. How well the food is prepared.
14. When did Jan begin to write for a magazine?
A. After he came back to Sweden.
B. Before he went to the United States.
C. As soon as he got his first job in 1982.
15. What may Jan do to find a good restaurant?
A. Talk to people in the street.
B. Speak to taxi drivers.
C. Ask hotel clerks.
16. What do we know about Jan?
A. He cooks for a restaurant.
B. He travels a lot for his work.
C. He prefers American food.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. A 16. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Mr. Jan Erick Freedman. You’re a frequent traveler. And we also know that you eat out twice a day. How can you get so far with eating out?
M: When I got my first job in 1982, I started travelling. I had no other choice but eat out. I found that I felt different due to what I was eating, so I tried to find places that served food that made me feel good. The secret was the quality of the food and how well the food was prepared. I made an effort to find out good restaurants as well as nice dishes.
W: How did you manage to make a list of 218 favorite restaurants?
M: I’d lived in cities and when I moved hack to Sweden from the United States, people asked me where to go and eat and went to the cities I knew. I got a lot of ideas. Then I wrote about restaurants for a Swedish club magazine and some suggested I gather information about restaurants together since I had all the facts about the restaurants I’d been to. I started to do that.
W: How do you find restaurants?
M: The best way is to ask the people there. I may talk to the people at the street market or take a walk and look for places for myself. I never ask hotel clerks or taxi drivers. I don’t visit either restaurants or places with menus too difficult to understand.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. What do we know about the Plaza Leon?
A. It’s a new building. B. It’s a small town. C. It’s a public place.
18. When do parents and children like going to the Plaza Leon?
A. Saturday nights. B. Sunday afternoon. C. Fridays and Saturdays.
19. Which street is known for its food shops and markets?
A. Via Del Mar Street. B. Fernando Street. C. Hernandes Street.
20. Why does the speaker like Hewish Street best?
A. It has an old stone surface.
B. It is named after a writer.
C. It has a famous university.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C
【解析】
【原文】At the beginning of the tour, we all started for the most important place at my town which is the Plaza Leon. The Plaza Leon is more than 100 years old. It’s a gathering place for young people on Friday and Saturday nights, and for parents and children on Sunday afternoon. Four streets lead to the Plaza which have white tree-lined sidewalks. Hernandes Street which was named after writers born in the city contains all of the food stalls, fish markets and vegetable stands. Fernando Street which was named after a famous educator is where all of the government offices, shops and houses are. Via del Mar Street is the only street that has old stone surfaces. Finally we came to the Hewish’s Street on which there are two universities, one of which is the most famous university in my country. That’s why it’s my favorite street of all.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The State of Rhode Island has become a popular family seaside destination. In addition to beach activities and water sports, kids can participate in supervised activities at cultural centres and tourist attractions around the state.
The Kayak Centre of Rhode Island
The Kayak Centre of Rhode Island offers play in the ocean to kids, a program for children between 9 and 14 years old. The course teaches basic kayak skills and safety protocols on the waters around historic Wickford Village. The all-day program includes games and skill-building activities at all levels. The package includes equipment, instructions and lunch.
The Courthouse Centre for the Arts
The Courthouse Centre for the Arts offers summer camps, educational workshops and fine art programs to kids who want to learn about theatre, dance, classical music and different art mediums. Kids and families can also enjoy concerts, film screenings and theatre performances.
The Providence Children’s Museum
The Providence Children’s Museum hosts daily drop-in programs for kids between 5 and 11 years of age and museum adventure classes. Kids can learn how water moves in the Water Ways exhibit, listen to music and learn about plants in the Children’s Garden exhibit.
The RISD Museum
The RISD Museum hosts family workshops and activities for kids between 5 and 12 years of age on altermate Sunday afternoons. Kids can learn different types of art techniques and work with different mediums in a supervised setting. Families taking a self-guided tour of the museum can seethe exhibits.
21. What can families do at the Kayak Centre of Rhode Island?
A. Take a tour by yourself. B. Learn theatre performances.
C. Take art technique classes. D. Take part in skill-building activities.
22. What will a child interested in plants probably visit?
A. The RISD Museum. B. The Kayak Centre of Rhode Island.
C. The Courthouse Centre for the Arts. D. The Providence Children’s Museum.
23. Where does this text probably come from?
A. A news report. B. A guidebook. C. A museum handbook. D. A shop advertisement.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了罗得岛州适宜孩子们去的几个旅游目的地。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Kayak Centre of Rhode Island部分中“The all-day program includes games and skill-building activities at all levels.(全天课程包括各种级别的游戏和技能培养活动)”可知，家庭可以在罗德岛的皮艇中心参加技能培养活动。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Kids can learn how water moves in the Water Ways exhibit, listen to music and learn about plants in the Children’s Garden exhibit.(孩子们可以在“水之道”展览中了解水是如何流动的，在“儿童花园”展览中听音乐，了解植物)”可知，对植物感兴趣的孩子可能会参观The Providence Children’s Museum。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要介绍了罗得岛州适合孩子们去的几个旅游目的地，故最有可能出自旅行手册。故选A。
B
At times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me. For example, when I was 12, I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer. My mom was extremely nervous about it. She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico, to always put on sunscreen, not to wander away from my grandmother, and other warnings. She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.
Despite her worries, she let me go on my own. As I moved into my teens, she continued to give me space to grow and learn, even when it might have been difficult for her. When I reached my senior year, I decided to move away for college. Once again I found that I differed from my peers: while many of them wanted to stay close to home, I couldn't wait to be out in the world on my own. While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away,she was supportive and excited for me.
One big thing I realized during my senior year when my mom granted me more freedom was that she actually believed in me. That meant a lot. In most time of my life, and especially when I was little, the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother. I knew she expected nothing but the best of me. Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards; getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A's.
I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on what's important, like education, and made me who I am. I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life. Most of all I respect her. She is the strongest woman I know and that's why I have turned out so strong and independent.
24. When the author decided to go to Puerto Rico, what did his mother do?
A. She kept him at home.
B. She worried about his safety.
C. She wanted to accompany him.
D. She turned to his grandmother for advice.
25. Why did the author decide to move away for college?
A. To be totally different.
B. To keep away from his family.
C. To give his mother a surprise.
D. To be independent in the outside world.
26. What can we learn from the text?
A. His mother was not a kind-hearted person.
B. His mother had high expectations of him.
C. His mother used to expect nothing of him.
D. His mother cared little about his learning.
27. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. The author is quite grateful for his mother's trust.
B. The author doesn't quite understand his mother's attitude.
C. The author doesn't want his mother to be his life guide.
D. The author wishes to have more freedom from his mother.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。母亲一直都在为作者担心，但是她并没有因为担心而过多地干预作者的决定。相反，她支持作者，对其严格要求并抱有很高的期望。作者把自己的成功都归于她的信任和支持。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer.My mom was extremely nervous about it(我一个人去波多黎各和祖母一起过夏天。我妈妈对此非常紧张。)”和第二 段中的“Despite her worries”可知，作者的妈妈对作者决定独自去Puerto Rico是非常的担心的。故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据第一段的“While many of them wanted to stay close to home, I couldn't wait to be out in the world on my own.(尽管他们中许多人想要离家近，我迫不及待想独自一人去外地上学)”可知，作者的同龄人想到离家近的地方上大学，而作者却想去更远的地方上大学，在外面独立生活，可推断作者在外边的世界，独立性比较强，故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I knew she expected nothing but the best of me(我知道她期待我最好的一面。)”可知，作者的母亲对作者的期望很高，要求作者做到最好。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life. Most of all I respect her. She is the strongest woman I know and that's why I have turned out so strong and independent.(我很感谢她对我生活的支持和参与。最重要的是，我尊重她。她是我所知道的最坚强的女人，这就是为什么我变得如此坚强和独立的原因。)”可知，作者感激母亲的支持和对自己生活的参与。再根据常识可知，一个人支持另一个人说明对这个人是信任的，据此可推断，作者对母亲的信任心存感激。故选A。
C
Wind energy provided 7% of the total electricity in the United States in 2019. Since 2008, the number of coal-fired power plants has declined, as the use of renewable energy and natural gas has increased. Wind energy is an excellent way to reduce carbon emissions, but what will happen when the wind turbine blades wear out? Is there a waste management issue?
The design life of wind turbines is about 20 to 25 years. The longest wind turbine blade to date is 350 feet. Although certain parts of wind turbines can be relatively easily recycled, others are not designed for recycling. Many spent turbine blades are piling up in landfills. However, researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are making progress in this area.
They developed a blade out of thermoplastic resin that is low-cost, lightweight, and seems to be recyclable. If the new blade also proves to be strong, this will be a game changer for the offshore and onshore wind industry. Lower costs also could help improve wind energy efficiency, reducing the use of fossil fuels. A lightweight blade is easier to transport and uses less fuel. It also seems easier to recycle and uses less energy in the production process. “With the traditional material, it’s almost like when you fry an egg. It’s finished and you can’t undo that,” said Derek Berry, a senior engineer at NREL. “But with a thermoplastic resin system, you can make a blade out of it. You heat it to a certain temperature, and it melts back down. You can get the liquid resin back and reuse that.”
Although the research looks promising, progress will be slow. Most wind farms being constructed today will stop working in a few decades. The benefits of recyclable blades are still decades away at least. The associated environmental impact has largely been a blind spot for the industry. Hopefully, recent progress will help make wind power even greener.
28. What is the disadvantage of the current wind turbine blade?
A. Its high cost. B. Its limited use.
C. Its negative impact on the environment. D. Its inefficiency in producing electricity.
29. What do Derek’s words mainly show?
A. Why thermoplastic resin is strong. B. How thermoplastic resin is recycled.
C. The widespread of thermoplastic resin. D. The production process of thermoplastic resin.
30. What is the author’s attitude to the future of wind energy?
A. Pessimistic. B. Careless. C. Doubtful. D. Optimistic.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. A new way to develop turbine blades. B. A fresh approach to using wind power.
C. An unknown renewable energy source. D. The way to tear down old turbine blades.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。风力发电对环境有益，但目前许多风力涡轮叶片使用完后都被填埋了，对环境造成了一定危害。为了解决这一难题，研究人员研究出了制作环保叶片的方法。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many spent turbine blades are piling up in landfills.(许多废弃的涡轮机叶片堆积在垃圾填埋场)”可知，对环境的负面影响是现在涡轮叶片的一个弊端。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But with a thermoplastic resin system, you can make a blade out of it. You heat it to a certain temperature, and it melts back down. You can get the liquid resin back and reuse that.(但是用热塑性树脂系统，你可以用它做一个刀片。你把它加热到一定的温度，它就会融化。你可以把液体树脂拿回来再用)”可知，Derek的话主要说明了热塑性树脂如何回收。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hopefully, recent progress will help make wind power even greener.(希望最近的进展将有助于使风力发电更加环保)”可推知，作者对风能的未来持乐观态度。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The design life of wind turbines is about 20 to 25 years. The longest wind turbine blade to date is 350 feet. Although certain parts of wind turbines can be relatively easily recycled, others are not designed for recycling. Many spent turbine blades are piling up in landfills. However, researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are making progress in this area.(风力涡轮机的设计寿命约为20 ~ 25年。迄今为止最长的风力涡轮机叶片是350英尺。虽然风力涡轮机的某些部分相对容易回收，但其他部分不是为回收而设计的。许多废弃的涡轮机叶片堆积在垃圾填埋场。然而，来自国家可再生能源实验室的研究人员正在这一领域取得进展)”结合文章首先介绍了美国的风力能源使用情况，接着向读者抛出了两个问题：风力涡轮叶片磨损后如何处理？是否存在垃圾处理问题？本文主要介绍制作环保的涡轮机叶片的方法，旨在解决目前的难题。即文章主要讲的是发展涡轮叶片的新途径。故选A。
D
How might architecture aid in solving the housing crisis and help build a more sustainable future? In 2019, 3D printing company WASP and Mario Cucinella Architects showed their concept to design the first 3D printed house made entirely from clay. Today, the joint project, known as TECLA, is finally complete and on display near Bologna, Italy.
Over the past few years, a number of 3D printed homes and communities have been conceptualized. While previous structures were made from concrete or plastic, TECLA was built from soil found at the site mixed with water, fibers from rice husks and a binder, the last of which is less than 5% of the total volume. Printing with clay does have its weaknesses. It’s a much slower process than quick—drying concrete — the design can be printed in 200 hours but the clay mixture can take weeks to dry, depending on climate, and it also has height limitations.
Building homes from earth, Cucinella pointed out, is not new. “The challenge was really using an old material in the history of architecture with new technology to find a new shape of a house,” Cucinella said. To that end, the Crane WASP printers mixed water with the local earth, and then printed the 60-square-meter TECLA model layer by layer. The design features two circular spaces joined together with skylights, charming full natural light inside. The residence includes a living area, a bedroom and a bathroom. Its furniture, including tables and chairs, was printed using WASP’s machinery, while components like doors and windows were fixed after printing.
The idea behind TECLA isn’t necessarily to copy the same home for any environment, but to adjust the design based on the location. “We aren’t producing one type of house that you can print and use everywhere, because it’s different if you design a house in the north of Italy, or in the middle of Africa,” Cucinella explained. “The house responds to different climates.” Additionally, the building process can be easily taught and widely used.
32. What is the disadvantage of printing with clay?
A. 3D printers are costly. B. Clay is not strong enough.
C. It’s not easy to mix rice husks with clay. D. It takes a long time to dry the mixture.
33. Which of the following best describes TECLA?
A. It is air-conditioned. B. It was built from rice husks.
C. It is fully-equipped. D. It adopts a solar heating system.
34. What is the significance of TECLA?
A. It adapts to different climates. B. It limits the height of buildings.
C. It uses few binders in printing. D. It can be moved without effort.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. The challenges for 3D printing
B. The ways to renew 3D printing machinery
C. Is this 3D printed home the future of housing?
D. Can we simplify the instructions on 3D printing?
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了TECLA这一新型房屋的优缺点、制作过程及内部陈设。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s a much slower process than quick-drying concrete — the design can be printed in 200 hours but the clay mixture can take weeks to dry, depending on climate, and it also has height limitations.(这是一个比快干混凝土慢得多的过程——设计可以在200小时内打印出来，但粘土混合物可能需要数周时间才能干燥，这取决于气候，而且它也有高度限制)”可知，黏土混合物需要长时间才能变干。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“The residence includes a living area, a bedroom and a bathroom. Its furniture, including tables and chairs, was printed using WASP’s machinery, while components like doors and windows were fixed after printing.(住宅包括一个起居区、一间卧室和一间浴室。包括桌椅在内的家具都是用WASP的机器打印的，而门窗等部件则是在打印后进行固定)”可推知，TECLA装备齐全。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The idea behind TECLA isn’t necessarily to copy the same home for any environment, but to adjust the design based on the location.(TECLA背后的想法不一定是复制任何环境的相同的家，但根据位置调整设计)”以及“The house responds to different climates.(房子能适应不同的气候)”可知，TECLA的重要意义就在于能适应不同的气候，因地制宜。故选A。
35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“How might architecture aid in solving the housing crisis and help build a more sustainable future? In 2019, 3D printing company WASP and Mario Cucinella Architects showed their concept to design the first 3D printed house made entirely from clay. Today, the joint project, known as TECLA, is finally complete and on display near Bologna, Italy.(建筑如何帮助解决住房危机，并帮助建设一个更可持续的未来？2019年，3D打印公司WASP和Mario Cucinella Architects展示了他们的概念，设计了第一个完全由粘土制成的3D打印房屋。今天，这个被称为TECLA的联合项目终于完成了，并在意大利博洛尼亚附近展出)”结合文章介绍了TECLA这一新型房屋的优缺点、制作过程及内部陈设，故C项“3D打印房屋是未来的住房吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.____36____ Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.____37____
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. ____38____ Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. ____39____ Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
Working habits
____40____He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A. To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
E. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
F. An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.
G. Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
【答案】36. C 37. G 38. B 39. D 40. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶然，一定是一些特别的品质和性格才造就了那么多的伟人和成功人士。学习本文，让我们一起来欣赏这些成功科学家们的性格特点吧。
36题详解】
C选项“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人。”承接上文“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. (字典将科学家定义为在一门或多门科学，特别是自然科学或物理科学方面具有专业知识的人)”讲字典对科学家这一名词的解释和理解，故选C项。
【37题详解】
G选项“如果科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力，就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段。”承接小标题“Curiosity (好奇心)”和上文“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. (一个优秀的科学家必须对事物非常好奇)”讲科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心，故选G项。
【38题详解】
B选项“很少有工作比这一项需要更长时间。”承接小标题“Patience (耐心)”和上文“Becoming a scientist takes a long time. (成为一名科学家需要很长时间)”讲成为科学家时间很长，需要一定的耐心，故选B项。
【39题详解】
D选项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果，而不考虑个人利益或公众舆论。”和下文“Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. (坚持与证据相矛盾的旧信念是不诚实的。然而，没有强有力的证据，这种信念不应该改变)”一起表明科学家要诚实，坚持真理，这是科学家特征“Ethical (道德的) qualities (道德素质)”的体现，故选D项。
【40题详解】
由小标题“Working habits (工作习惯)”可知，下面一段主要谈到工作习惯，且下文“He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. (他/她可以单独或在团队中很好地工作，这取决于需要什么，还需要在纸上和口头上交流想法)”就是在讲科学家的工作习惯，F选项“一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心。”也是一种工作习惯和方式。故选F项。
第三部分：语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We’ve all heard the stories of an actor’s struggles before a career breakthrough. Shelby, the star of “A Dog’s Way Home”, has a hard-luck tale that could top them all. Before her ____41____, she was living in a landfill, ____42____ through garbage for her next meal.
Shelby’s ____43____ came in April 2017, when animal-control officer Megan Buhler was ____44____ in Cheatham County. Buhler saw and approached what she recalled as a ____45____ scared puppy. “I knelt down and just said, ‘Oh, come here, baby,’” said Buhler. “She was so____46____, but she came right up to me, and I was able to put her in my truck.” The pair headed to the county animal____47____, where the staff began calling the new resident Baby Girl.
3,200 kilometers away, Hollywood was ____48____ a dog to play Bella in a film. The find-a-Bella job went to trainer Miller. Her ____49____ was to search shelters for a dog that could play Bella. One day, Miller _____50_____ Baby Girl’s adoption photo. “ _____51_____, it was a really good picture, and she was flat-out smiling,” Miller said. Then she met Baby Girl, and assessed her on _____52_____ and through tests further evaluated her multiple abilities to _____53_____ to simple commands. After all these and overall _____54_____ her, she adopted Baby Girl from the shelter, _____55_____ her Shelby and took her for training. Miller and Shelby trained for just over three months before _____56_____ began. Then they were together each day on the set.
Most _____57_____ about the film have praised Shelby. They made the _____58_____ “an amazing dog”! Shelby has come a long way from the garbage. But Buhler said when she saw Shelby recently she just needed only a second to _____59_____ the movie star to the dog she found from piles of trash. “She’s _____60_____ the same,” Buhler said.
41. A. birth B. death C. success D. test
42. A. surviving B. obtaining C. researching D. digging
43. A. trouble B. challenge C. transformation D. sympathy
44. A. driving B. walking C. riding D. hiking
45. A. secretly B. noticeably C. completely D. positively
46. A. frightened B. excited C. disappointed D. happy
47. A. government B. shop C. clinic D. shelter
48. A. paying for B. thinking of C. looking for D. talking about
49. A. plan B. advice C. dream D. mission
50. A. spotted B. collected C. recognized D. selected
51. A. Fortunately B. Honestly C. Eventually D. Naturally
52. A. expression B. colour C. price D. personality
53. A. stick B. respond C. contribute D. tie
54. A. assessing B. chatting C. checking D. teaching
55. A. recommended B. voted C. renamed D. suggested
56. A. shooting B. leaving C. adopting D. playing
57. A. suggestions B. advice C. reports D. prediction
58 A. decision B. conclusion C. wish D. comment
59. A. remember B. recall C. relate D. comfort
60. A. hardly B. exactly C. naturally D. gradually
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. A 57. C 58. D 59. C 60. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一只垃圾堆里的狗最终成为了电影明星的故事。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她成功之前，她住在一个垃圾填埋场，在垃圾中寻找下一顿饭。A. birth出生；B. death死亡；C. success成功；D. test测试。根据上文“Shelby, the star of “A Dog’s Way Home””可知，此处表达在小狗成功之前，故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她成功之前，她住在一个垃圾填埋场，在垃圾中寻找下一顿饭。A. surviving生存；B. obtaining获得；C. researching研究；D. digging挖掘。根据下文“through garbage for her next meal”以及常识可知，此处表示小狗在垃圾堆里挖掘，找吃的。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：谢尔比的转变发生在2017年4月，当时动物管理官员梅根·布勒正在查塔姆县开车。A. trouble麻烦；B. challenge挑战；C. transformation转变；D. sympathy同情。根据下文“The pair headed to the county animal ____7____ , where the staff began calling the new resident: Baby Girl”可知，此处表示谢尔比的生活发生了转变。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：谢尔比的转变发生在2017年4月，当时动物管理官员梅根·布勒正在查塔姆县开车。A. driving驾驶；B. walking步行；C. riding骑行；D. hiking徒步旅行。根据下文“I was able to put her in my truck.”可知，布勒正在开车。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：布勒看到并走近了她回忆中那只明显害怕的小狗。A. secretly秘密地；B. noticeably明显地；C. completely完全地；D. positively积极地。根据下文“scared puppy”可知，此处表示小狗明显非常害怕。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很害怕，但她径直向我走来，我把她放进了我的卡车。A. frightened害怕的；B. excited兴奋的；C. disappointed失望的；D. happy高兴的。根据上文“what she recalled as a ____5____ scared puppy”可知，小狗是非常害怕的。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇前往县动物收容所，那里的工作人员开始将这位新成员叫做宝贝女孩。A. government政府；B. shop商店；C. clinic诊所；D. shelter收容所。根据下文“she adopted Baby Girl from the shelter”可知，米勒在收容所收养了这只小狗，所以此处表示这对夫妇将小狗送到了动物收容所。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：3200公里外，好莱坞正在寻找一只狗来扮演电影中的贝拉。A. paying for支付；B. thinking of思考；C. looking for寻找；D. talking about谈论。根据下文“The find-a-Bella job”可知，好莱坞正在寻找一只可以扮演贝拉的狗。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的任务是寻找一只能扮演贝拉的狗。A. plan计划；B. advice建议；C. dream梦想；D. mission任务。根据下文“was to search shelters for a dog that could play Bella”可知，她的任务是寻找一只可以扮演贝拉的狗。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，米勒看到了宝贝女孩的领养照片。A. spotted看到；B. collected收集；C. recognized识别；D. selected选择。根据下文“Baby Girl’s adoption photo”可知，此处表示米勒看到了狗的领养照片。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：米勒说：“老实说，这真是一张非常好的照片，她笑得很开心。”。A. Fortunately幸运的是；B. Honestly老实说；C. Eventually最终；D. Naturally自然地。根据下文“it was a really good picture, and she was flat-out smiling”可知，此处表示老实说，小狗的照片是非常好的。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，她见到了宝贝女孩，对她的性格进行了评估，并通过测试进一步评估了她对简单指令的多种反应能力。A. expression表达；B. colour颜色；C. price价格；D. personality性格。根据上文“Then she met Baby Girl, and assessed her on”以及常识可知，米勒见到小狗之后，对小狗的性格进行了评估，以决定小狗是否适合在电影中扮演贝拉。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她见到了宝贝女孩，对她的性格进行了评估，并通过测试进一步评估了她对简单指令的多种反应能力。A. stick粘贴；B. respond作出反应；C. contribute贡献；D. tie绑。根据下文“to simple commands”可知，此处表示进一步测试小狗对于简单指令的反应。故选B。
54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在所有这些和全面地评估她之后，她从收容所收养了宝贝女孩，并给她改名为谢尔比，带她去接受训练。A. assessing评估；B. chatting聊天；C. checking检查；D. teaching教。根据上文“assessed her on ____12____ and through tests further evaluate her multiple abilities to ____13____ , to simple commands.”可知，此处表示在全面地评估小狗之后。故选A。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在所有这些和全面地评估她之后，她从收容所收养了宝贝女孩，并给她重新命名为谢尔比，带她去接受训练。A. recommended建议；B. voted投票；C. renamed重命名；D. suggested建议。根据下文“her Shelby”可知，此处表示宝贝女孩被重新命名为谢尔比。故选C。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：米勒和谢尔比在拍摄开始前训练了三个多月。A. shooting拍摄；B. leaving离开；C. adopting采用；D. playing演奏。根据上文“Her ____9____ was to search shelters for a dog that could play Bella.”可知，谢尔比被找来是为了让她扮演电影中的贝拉，所以此处表示在拍摄之前进行了三个多月的训练。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数关于这部电影的报道都赞扬了谢尔比。A. suggestions建议；B. advice建议；C. reports报道；D. prediction预测。根据下文“They made the ____18____ “an amazing dog”!”可知，此处表示大多数电影报道赞扬了谢尔比。故选C。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们评论说“一只了不起的狗”！A. decision决定；B. conclusion结论；C. wish愿望；D. comment评论。根据下文“an amazing dog”可知，这是对于谢尔比的评论。故选D。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但布勒说，当她最近看到谢尔比时，她只需要一秒钟就可以把这位电影明星和她从垃圾堆里找到的狗联系起来。A. remember记住；B. recall回忆；C. relate联系；D. comfort使舒适。根据下文“the movie star to the dog she found from piles of trash”可知，此处表示将电影明星谢尔比与垃圾堆里找到的狗联系起来。故选C。
【60题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“她还是完全一样的，”布勒说。A. hardly几乎不；B. exactly确切地；C. naturally自然地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据上文“she just needed only a second to ____19____ the movie star to the dog she found from piles of trash.”可知，确切地说，谢尔比和以前是一样的。故选B。
第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese team ____61____ (total) won 18 gold medals, 20 silvers and 23 bronzes at Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games, ____62____ (rank) first in both the gold count and the overall medal count at the Games. It is the first time in the history that the Chinese team ____63____ (achieve) such a good result in the Games. ____64____ among the 96 Chinese athletes, 85 participants whose average age is 25 took part in the Games for the first time, they made history. Given the fact that China won its first Winter Paralympic gold medal at the 2018 Winter Games, the nation has surprised the world.
If Beijing 2018 started a new chapter of growth for the Paralympics, then Beijing 2022 has marked a new dawn for the Paralympic Winter Games, according ____65____ International Paralympic Committee Andrew Parsons at the closing ceremony.
“We hope the great ____66____ (perform) of the Chinese athletes at the Beijing Winter Paralympics will encourage more people with disabilities ____67____ (get) out of their homes and do sports. And through sports, they can ____68____ (involve) in our society,” said Chairman Xi.
Chairman Xi added, “To host a successful Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics is a solemn (庄严的) commitment of China. China will organize a safe and splendid Olympic Games ____69____ offers a stage for winter sport athletes from around the world to pursue sporting excellence. This will not only help achieve ____70____ goal of building a healthy China, but also inject confidence and strength into the COVID-19-plagued world.”
【答案】61. totally
62. ranking
63. has achieved
64. Although
65. to 66. performance
67. to get
68. be involved
69. that##which
70. the
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了中国队在2022年北京冬残奥会上取得了骄人的成绩，并叙述了运动员们的出色表现将鼓励更多的残疾人参加体育运动。
【61题详解】
考查副词。句意：中国队在2022年北京冬残奥会上共获得18枚金牌、20枚银牌和23枚铜牌，金牌数和奖牌总数均居奥运会首位。空处修饰动词won，应用副词形式作状语。故填totally。
【62题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国队在2022年北京冬残奥会上共获得18枚金牌、20枚银牌和23枚铜牌，金牌数和奖牌总数均居奥运会首位。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，非谓语动词rank和其逻辑主语the Chinese team之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填ranking。
【63题详解】
考查时态。句意：这是中国队历史上第一次在奥运会上取得如此好的成绩。It is the first time that…为固定句型，表示“这是第一次……”，that引导的从句应用现在完成时，主语the Chinese team是单数，谓语应用has achieved。故填has achieved。
【64题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管在96名中国运动员中，有85名平均年龄25岁的运动员首次参加了奥运会，但他们创造了历史。结合语意，尽管大多数中国运动员平均年龄25岁，且他们首次参加奥运会，但是他们创造了历史，空处应用although表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Although。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：根据国际残奥会委员会安德鲁·帕森斯在闭幕式上所说的，如果2018年北京残奥会开启了残奥会发展的新篇章，那么2022年北京残奥会将迎来冬季残奥会的新曙光。空处应用介词to ，构成固定短语according to，表示“根据”。故填to。
【66题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们希望中国运动员在北京冬残奥会上的出色表现将鼓励更多残疾人走出家门，参加体育运动。great是形容词，作定语修饰名词，所以空处应用名词performance表示“表现”。故填performance。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望中国运动员在北京冬残奥会上的出色表现将鼓励更多残疾人走出家门，参加体育运动。encourage sb. to do sth.表示“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to get。
【68题详解】
考查语态。句意：通过体育运动，他们可以融入我们的社会。分析句子结构，空处作句子谓语，involve与主语they之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词can后接动词原形形式。故填be involved。
【69题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国将举办一届安全而精彩的奥运会，为来自世界各地的冬季运动运动员提供一个追求卓越运动的舞台。分析句子结构，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Olympic Games，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which引导从句。故填that/which。
【70题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这不仅有助于实现建设健康中国的目标，也将为2019冠状病毒疾病肆虐的世界注入信心和力量。结合语意，此处特指建设健康中国的目标，空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My grandma’s birthday was around the corner but I wanted to make a special present for her. While I was thinking what to do, sweet memory of the time I spent with my grandma drawing and playing the piano all flood back. It struck us that I could make her an album. I turned the computer, selected several photos carefully, and did the graphic design. Eventual, an album containing past sweetness was born. At the birthday party, I presented an album to my grandma. She hugged me tightly, tears roll from her eyes. Seeing my grandma so satisfying, my parents smiled happily. I think that with genuine love, even if a small gift can mean a lot to our loved ones.
【答案】1.but→and
2.memory→memories
3.flood→flooded
4.us→me
5.turn后加on
6Eventual→Eventually
7.an→the/my
8.roll→rolling
9.satisfying→satisfied
10.去掉if
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了制作相册送给奶奶做生日礼物的经历。
【详解】1.考查连词。句意：我奶奶的生日马上就要到了，我想给她做一件特别的礼物。根据句意可知，前后文是并列关系，不是转折关系，故将but改为and。
2.考查名词。句意：当我在想该做什么的时候，我和奶奶一起画画、弹钢琴的甜蜜记忆又涌了回来。memory“记忆；回忆”，是可数名词，根据句意用复数，表示泛指，故将memory改为memories。
3.考查动词时态。句意：当我在想该做什么的时候，我和奶奶一起画画、弹钢琴的甜蜜记忆又涌了回来。根据上文的was thinking可知，文章主时态是一般过去时，故将flood改为flooded。
4.考查代词。句意：我突然想到我可以给她制作一个相册。根据上下文语境可知，文章讲述的是作者为祖母制作相册，此处意为“我突然想到”，所以用me作宾语，故将us改为me。
5.考查介词和固定短语。句意：我打开电脑，仔细地挑选了几张照片，并做了平面设计。turn on“打开”是固定短语，根据句意，此处表示“打开电脑”，故在turn后加on。
6.考查副词。句意：最终，一张包含过去甜蜜记忆的专辑诞生了。修饰整个句子用副词作状语，故将Eventual改为Eventually。
7.考查冠词和代词。句意：在生日聚会上，我把这个（我的）相册送给了奶奶。根据语境，此处特指上文我制作的相册，因此用定冠词或者my都可以，故将an改为the/my。
8.考查独立主格。句意：她紧紧地拥抱着我，眼泪流了下来。分析句子可知，两个句子之间没有连词，故“tears roll from her eyes”用独立主格结构作状语，tears与roll是主动关系，故roll用现在分词形式，故将roll改为rolling。
9.考查形容词。句意：看到奶奶这么满意，父母高兴地笑了。分析句子可知，此处表示“奶奶是满意的”，用-ed形式形容词，表示人的感受，-ing形式形容词，修饰物，故将satisfying改为satisfied。
10.考查副词。句意：我认为，真诚的爱，即使是一个小礼物对我们所爱的人也很重大。分析句子可知，此处表示“即使一个小礼物”应用even a small gift，在that引导的宾语从句中做主语，even if“即使”，是连词，引导状语从句，不合语法，故去掉if。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
72. 上个月，你参加了你们学校举办的主题为“我爱我的祖国”的线上英语演讲比赛。请你为班级的英语板报写一篇短文，介绍你参加这次比赛的经历，内容包括：
1.比赛的目的和卡题；
2.比赛的经历；
3.个人感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.参考词汇：爱国主义 patriotism。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
In order to inspire our patriotism, our school held an online English Speech Contest with the theme of “I Love My Motherland”.
Hardly had I known the topic when I involved myself in making preparations for the contest. I recalled the countless moments I had experienced and the stories I had read in books and newspapers. Having well-prepared, I got down to my draft. Worried about my pronunciation, I asked my foreign teacher for help, who gave me useful guidance. Facing the online judges, I delivered the speech with confidence and got/won the first prize.
The prize reminded me of my efforts. Most importantly, patriotism will be rooted in the depth of my heart. I will study harder for our motherland.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。上个月，你参加了你们学校举办的主题为“我爱我的祖国”的线上英语演讲比赛。请你为班级的英语板报写一篇短文，介绍你参加这次比赛的经历。
【详解】1.词汇积累
鼓舞：inspire→encourage
比赛：contest→competition
无数的：countless→sumless
有用的：useful→helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Having well-prepared, I got down to my draft.
拓展句：Since I have well-prepared, I got down to my draft.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In order to inspire our patriotism, our school held an online English Speech Contest with the theme of “I Love My Motherland”. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] Hardly had I known the topic when I involved myself in making preparations for the contest. (运用了部分倒装)