专题19 9BU3-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）

专题19  9BU3-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题RobotsReading重点词汇、词组和句型Grammar简单句和复杂句之间的转换（一） 一、重点词组、句型1、complain vi. 抱怨，投诉，发牢骚complain to sb 向某人抱怨I have to complain to the manager about it.对这件事我不得不向经理申诉。complain about/of sth 抱怨某事They never complained about working overtime.他们对加班加点从来不抱怨。complaint 投诉，埋怨Mr Green is writing a complaint letter. 2、have problems有问题have problems/difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难E.g I didn’t have any problems finding the park.problem的常用搭配 no problem“没问题”【辨析】question/problem 3、sound1)系动词，意为“听起来”The music sounds good.2)名词，意为“声音”The sound of music made her happy. 4、in any way 在任何方面   in some ways 在某些方面   in the way 挡路   in this way 用这种方式   on one’s way to 去...的路上   by the way 顺便说一下 5、代词it, one, that1）it和that都替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”，都是特指，都可替代可数和不可数名词，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物；而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。如： My father bought me a pen and I like it very much. 我父亲给我买了一支钢笔，我非常喜欢它。(it替代the pen，指前面提到的父亲给我买的那支钢笔) This dictionary is more useful than that (=the one)I bought yesterday. 这本词典比我昨天买的更有用。(that替代the dictionary，与前面的this dictionary是同类) 2）one替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指；其复数形式ones替代泛指的复数名词。特指的the one相当于that，替代“the+单数名词”如： Radios are useful for me to learn English. I’d like to buy one .收音机对我学英语很有用，我想买一台。(one替代a radio，是泛指收音机这类东西中的一台)  The population of Scotland was eight times as large as that of Cornwall.  苏格兰的人口是康沃尔人口的八倍。(that替代不可数名词the population，不能用the one） 6、busy adj. 忙碌的【固定搭配】1）be busy with sth 忙于某事 I was busy with my children.  我忙于照顾孩子。
2）be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 He is busy doing his homework.他正忙着做家庭作业。 7、so that
1）引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词如：They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.2）引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以”。如：The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.
【拓展】so ... that ..
so＋形容词或副词＋that ...引导结果状语从句。意思是“如此……以致于……”。如：When the football fans saw Beckham, they got so excited that they cried out. 8、tidy up 收拾妥，整理好   tidy adj. 整洁的，整齐的   vt. 收拾；整理You should keep your room tidy.They tidied the house just now.He began to tidy up his desk and finish off the week’s work.   untidy adj. 不整洁的  an untidy desk 9、seem  v.似乎，好像1）seem +adj.  She seems (to be )sad.2）seem+to do sth 感到好像... 觉得似乎...I seem to have a cold.          3）It seems +that从句It seems that it will be a storm soon.4)  It seems as if...仿佛...  as if从句所表示的情况大多数是不真实的It seems as if she were in a dream. 10、little/a little/few/a few1）1）few, a few用于可数名词，2）little, a little用于不可数名词。 3）a few, a little表示肯定意思：有一些，有一点4）few ,little表示否定意思：没有一些，没有一点如：He has a few friends in Beijing. 他有朋友    There is a little tea in the glass.杯里有茶    He has few friends in Beijing. 没有朋友There is little tea in the glass.没有茶 11、sometime/some time/sometimes/some times1)sometimes的意思是“有时”，是副词。例如：
Sometimes he comes by bike and sometimes by bus. 他有时骑车来，有时乘公共汽车来。
2）sometime也是副词，意思是“在某个时候”。可用于一般过去时与将来时。例如：
You can hand in your homework sometime before Friday. 你可以在周五前某个时候交作业。
3）some time是名词短语，它的意思是“一段时间”。例如：
I'll be away for some time. 我将离开一段时间。
4）some times也是一个名词短语，time在这里用作可数名词，意思是“次数”。
some times的意思是“几次”。例如：
I have been to the Great Wall some times. 我去过长城几次。  12、no longer/no more1） no longer中的longer是副词long的比较级，long有after a certain point of time（在某一时刻以后）之意，着重表示时间的不再延续，意为"如今不再"。no longer等于not... any longer。
2） no more中的more是many / much的比较级，more有again之意，着重表示数量或程度的减少，意为"再也没有更多（大）的数量（程度）"。no more等于not... any more。
3）no longer修饰延续性动词，如teach, live, work等，表示动作不再延续；no more修饰非延续性动词，如come, go , make (the same mistake)等，表示动作不再次发生。 13、consider  v. 认为，考虑  n. consideration   1）consider ...as 把...看做    常用被动结构 be considered as...  “被认为/看做”2）consider...to be 把...看做The award is considered to be a great honor.3）Consider doing sth 考虑做某事 14、difference n. 差别，差异Can you see any differences between these two pictures？【固定搭配】1)make a difference 有影响，起（重要）作用It makes a difference which you choose.2)be different from 与... 不同My coat is different from his. 15、The robot made Mr Jiang’s life much easier.修饰比较级的词的用法1）只用于修饰比较级：much，still，even2）既可修饰比较级又可修饰原级：a little,a bit, rather等3）表示前者在某方面远远超过对方时，通常采用far,by far,a lot等4）在否定句、疑问句、或条件状语从句中，修饰形容词、副词的比较级，只能用any 16、...,the robot would do all the housework.此句中的would do 为过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时的其他表达方法还有was/were going to+动词原形The teacher asked you when you would finish your homework.He new that I was going to come. 17、...,his flat would as good as new,and a delicious dinner would be ready for him.1)as good as表示“与...一样好”，可视为as...as与good的自然搭配；若用作习语，则表示几乎，无异于如：The matter is as good as settled.这件事等于解决了。2)Ready adj. 有准备的常用结构be ready for sth 为某事做好准备be ready to do sth准备好做某事Get ready for sth/to do sth为（做）某事做好准备如：Everything is ready for the party.I’m ready to go. 18、My robot will remind you to take them at the right time.remind 用法归纳1）提醒①　remind sb to do sth②　remind sb of/about sth如：Please remind me to call him back.The photo reminds me of my childhood. 二、语法Grammar一、宾语从句改为简单句的方法1、宾语从句可改为动词不定式 当句子的谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise（答应，许诺）等，其后由that引导宾语从句，并且从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，宾语从句可简化为动词不定式结构。如： (1)  . I hope that I will go to college one day.  转换为：I hope to go to college one day. 我希望有一天能上大学。 (2). They agreed that they would help me with my maths. 转换为：They agreed to help me with my maths 他们同意帮助我（学习）数学。. 2、 当句子的谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等词，后面接由疑问代词what，或接由how, where, when, why等疑问副词引导的宾语从句，并且主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，可将宾语从句转化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如： (1). Kate didn’t know what she should do. 转换为：Kate did’t know what to do.  凯特不知道该做什么。 (2). I have forgotten how I can use this word. 转换为：I have forgotten how to use this word. 我忘了怎么样用这个词。 3、当主句的谓语动词是ask, show, tell, teach等，后跟双宾语，并且从句的主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可转化为“疑问词+不定式”。如： (1). Could you tell me how I can get to the park? 转换为：Could you tell me how to get to the park? 你能告诉我怎样去公园吗？ (2)  . Please tell me where I can find him. 转换为：Please tell me where to find him. 请告诉我在哪里能找到他。4、宾语从句可转化为“it +形容词作宾补+不定式短语”结构。如： (1). I think that it is impossible to finish the work today.(that可省略)  转换为：I think it impossible to finish the work today. 我认为今天是不可能完成这项工作的。 (2). I found that it is important to learn English. (that可省略) 转换为：I found it important to learn English. 我发现学习英语很重要。 5、讲宾语从句转化为“名词或动名词短语”。如： (1). I will take back what I said. 转换为：I will take back my words.  我将收回我所说的话。 (2). Can you tell me how I can get to the station? 转换为：Can you tell me the way to the station?  二、状语从句改为简单句的方法1、用“too…to…”结构可以将含有so…that引导的结果语从句(否定)的复合句转成简单句。如： 1）The boy is so young that he can’t look after himself. →The boy is too young to look after himself. 2）The question is so difficult that I can’t answer it . →The question is too difficult for me to answer.  2、用“…enough +不定式”结构可以将含有so …that …引导的结果状语从句（肯定）的复合句转变为简单句。例如： 1）The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree. →The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree. 2）This hall is so large that it can hold 2000 people. →This hall is large enough to hold 2000 people. 3）The table was so light that the little boy can carry it. →The table was light enough for the little boy to carry.  3、用“in order +不定式”或“so as +不定式”结构可以将含有so that 引导的目的状语从句的复合句转换为简单句。如： 1） She decided to buy a camera online so that she could receive it soon. →She decided to buy a camera online in order to receive it soon. →She decided to buy a camera online so as to receive it soon. 2）I went over my composition again and again so that I couldn’t make any mistakes.   →I went over my composition again and again in order not to make any mistakes. →I went over my composition again and again so as not to make any mistakes.  4、由because引导的原因状语从句可以改为because of构成的介词短语He can’t come because he is ill. 他因病不能来。→He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。 5、由when、after、before引导的时间状语从句可以用合适的动名词或介词短语来代替。Turn off the light before you leave. 离开前请关灯。→Turn off the light before leaving. 离开前请关灯。He went home after he finished his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。→He went home after finishing his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。 三、词组归纳1. complain about sth to sb.2. explore outer space3. iron his business suit smoothly4. at work5. return home from work6. look as good as new7. tidy up 8. go wrong9. make stupid mistakes10. spread his private papers11. store milk in the rubbish bin12. knock things over13. in the end 14. cause a lot of problems15. lay my food on the bed16. go on a business trip17. have a serious heart problem18. take medicine every day19. have a poor memory20. take your pills21. remind you to take them22. go up and down the stairs23. have it checked24. first of all25. at most 四、句型归纳1. They could do whatever they’re asked to. (37)2. He is always too busy to have any time to relax. (38)3. I have to buy a robot so that I can have more free time. (38)4. It seemed that in general the robot satisfied Mr Jiang’s needs. (39)5. The robot caught a virus and no longer worked properly. (39)6. He would find his flat in a complete mess. (39)7. I consider the robot a great help in my daily life. (42)8. Mr Jiang did not know what to do with the robot. (43)9. I was too forgetful to lock the door last night. (44)10. The robot was kind enough to buy me everything I needed. (44)11. Please hold and I’ll put you through. (46)12. However, I am not satisfied with it at all. (48)13. The quality of this robot is not up to standard either. (48)14. A good robot should only need checking every six months. (48)15. I regret having bought a robot like this. (48)16. We look forward to hearing from you soon. (49) 语法部分：单项选择1. There is something wrong with my new radio. I’ll    it to the radio shop.A. explain    B. find out    C. complain about    D. look after【答案】C2. —Where are you going, Linda?—I’m going to the post office to    my sister, who lives in Nanjing.A. post a letter to    B. take care of    C. do with    D. play with【答案】A3. —Why do you look so tired?—Your room was    and I cleaned it all the morning.A. in size    B. out of way    C. in a mess    D. in colour【答案】C4. She is kind and helpful and often does        she can to help me.A. when    B. how    C. where    D. whatever【答案】D5. —Yesterday I bought a robot, which could help me to clean the floor.—Really? That’s great. I’ll buy    .A. one    B. it    C. this    D. that【答案】A6. I bought some fruit        vegetables.A. and also    B. as well    C. as well as    D. but also【答案】C7. He failed again and again. But through his hard work, he succeeded    .A. first of all    B. at the beginning    C. in the end    D. in a short time【答案】C8. —I don’t want to cook today.—Let’s    a pizza from the restaurant.A. order    B. cook    C. give    D. ask【答案】A9. Tom, put on this suit. I    it smoothly.A. ironed    B. iron    C. have ironed    D. will iron【答案】C10. A car accident happened there. An old woman    . But the car drove away.A. knocked over    B. was knocked overC. knocks over    D. is knocked over【答案】B11. When I came in, I saw her    the piano.A. play    B. playing    C. played    D. to play【答案】B12. The dog    I saw just now is Mike’s.A. who    B. that    C. when    D. where【答案】B13. His children work far away from here, and he has nobody to talk to all day long, so he often feels    .A. happy    B. lazy    C. tired    D. lonely【答案】D14. —Do you know        to go to Mount Tai by train with them?—At 7 tomorrow morning.A. where    B. how    C. why    D. when【答案】D15. Could you tell me        with this broken robot?A. what I can do    B. what can I do    C. I can do what    D. can I do what【答案】A 词汇句型部分：一、根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。46. My bike is a home___________ (production).47. —Is he coming tomorrow?—I’m___________ (sure), but you can ask himself.48. It makes everything else go more___________ (smooth).49. They did not___________ (proper) consider what would happen next.50. This machine was___________ (complete) out of control. 51. You___________ (fine) by the police if you break the traffic rules.52. _____(limit) the number of cars is a useful way to reduce air pollution.53. Jack___________ (dig) a hole in the garden when I went to see him.54. How often___________the Olympic Games___________ (take) place?55. Do you know how much paper___________ (waste) last year?【答案】46. product48. smoothly49. properly50. completely51. will be fined    52. Limiting    53. was digging    54. (1). does;     (2). take    55. was wasted 二、单词拼写1. Stamps are used for____________ (寄信)the letter.2. ____________ (不管什么) you do, don’t miss this chance.3. I think____________ (探索)under the sea must be very dangerous.4. All the ____________（私人的）things should be kept in the locker before entering this room.5. This kind of computer virus____________ (传播) quickly and soon all of the computers went wrong.6. The man was badly hurt because he couldn’t operate the machine____________（适当地）.7. My mother was very angry when she saw her room in a___________(杂乱).8. The computer has caught_________(病毒)and it doesn’t work now.9. If your radio doesn’t work., you’d better change new____________(电池).10. His robot can stand on four small ___________(轮子).【答案】posting, Whatever, exploring, private, spread, properly, mess, virus, batteries, wheels 三、用所给动词的正确形式填空1. Mr. Jiang’s business suit needed_____________(iron) by the home robot.2. Daniel’s robot has stopped working_______________(complete).3. Some of the customers are not ___________ (satisfy) with the service of this hotel at all.4. Doctors are still _______ (sure) whether the virus is the cause of the disease.5. Mr. Jiang hasn’t had his home robot_____________ (repair) yet.6. I often feel lonely because I don’t know who__________ (talk) to.7. Apple Corporation’s _______ (produce) are very popular all over the world.8. The robot made Daniel __________ (get) angry and he decided to return it to the robot shop.9. My grandmother is 92 and has become very ____________ (forget) and confused.  10. All the packages should___________ (lay) on this machine for security check.【答案】to be ironed/ironing, completely, satisfied, unsure, repaired, to talk, products, get, forgetful, be laid