专题12 8BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）

这是一份专题12 8BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用），共17页。
专题12 8BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括
及易错题分析

单元话题
A good read
Reading
重点词汇、词组和句型
Grammar
疑问词+to do do不定式；must和have to区别

知识点囊括

一、重点词组、句型
1. Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo?霍波，你已经决定要怎样处理这些书了吗？
【考点聚焦】 what to do with—how to deal with sth. 搭配
【例句】What are we going to do with the problem?我们将怎样处理这个问题呢？
【例句】I have a huge pile of letters to deal with.我有一大堆信件要处理。
【例句】I don't know what to do with my old bike.
=I don't know how to deal with my old bike.我不知道如何处理我的旧自行车。

【考点聚焦】decide (to do) sth.意为“决定（去做）某事”。=make a decision to do
【例句】I decided to help him.我决定帮助他。
He hasn't decided when to go.他还没有决定何时去。

2.The story of the ugly man Quasimodo really touched me .
【考点聚焦】touch sb. 感动某人 =move sb.
【例句】His speech touched the audience to tears . 他的演讲使听众感动的落泪。
【考点聚焦】touch n. 联系 keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系
get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系
Lose touch with sb. 与某人失去联系

3. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.在我们的轮船触礁之后，我尽可能地游。
【考点聚焦】against用作介词，其具体意思如下：
(1)相反；反对；违反；违背；逆。
We all should fight against evil.我们都应该同邪恶做斗争。
(2)撞击；撞着，碰着，顶着，触及，与……相撞，同……冲突。．
I pushed against the door and the door opened at last.我用力推门，最后门开了。
(3)逆行，逆……方向，对着；跟……反方向。
Don't drive against the traffic.不要逆向行车。

4. I woke up as the sun was rising…我醒来了，这时太阳正在升起……
【辨析】rise和raise有何区别？
这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。
(1)raise是及物动词，发出此动作的通常是人，可用于被动语态，意为“举起；提高”，如抬头、举手（目、帽、石头、重物等）。
(2) rise是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，意为“上升，升起；起身，起立（主语是人）；上涨”以及“（日、月星等）升起到地平线上”。
Please raise your hand if you know the answer.
如果你知道答案就请举手。（请举手，主语是你）
The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起。（太阳升起，主语是太阳）

5. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.
它爬上我的肚子和脖子，直到（它）来到我的脸上。
【考点聚焦】stomach意为“胃”，复数形式是stomachs。
【考点聚焦】
(1) until用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中，主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词（非瞬间动词），如live，wait，last，love，like，stay，work，continue等。
I will wait until you come back.我将一直等到你回来。
(2) until用于否定句中，表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生，或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到……才”。
I didn't leave until the rain stopped.直到雨停了我才离开。
(3) until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时，应该用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现”。
He will stay here until his mother comes back.
他将在这儿一直等到他母亲回来。

6. He was the same size as my little finger! 他和我的小手指一样大！
【考点聚焦】size意为“大小，尺寸”，与the same…as连用构成短语the same size as，意为“和……一样大”。
此结构属于“the same+ n.+ as”=“as+ adj. +as”
【例句】His room is the same size as mine．他的房间和我的一样大。

7. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.然而，他们很快又站了起来，继续在我身上移动。
【考点聚焦】continue后接动词作宾语时动词可用doing和to do的形式，但含义不同。
continue doing指继续做刚刚做过的那件事；continue to do指继续做另一件事。
试比较：
喝过咖啡之后我继续做作业。
After drinking a cup of coffee, I continued doing my homework.
（喝咖啡之前我在做作业但没做完，喝完以后继续做）
After drinking a cup of coffee, I continued to do my homework.
（喝咖啡之前我是在做别的事而不是做作业）
【考点聚焦】表示继续维持某一情况时，其后可直接跟名词作宾语，也可先接介词with再接宾语。
【例句】We will continue (with) the payments for another year.我们这样的报酬还要维持一年。
【考点聚焦】continue by doing sth.意为“接着做某事（其他事）”。如：
【例句】He continued reading/to read all night.他通宵在看书。
【例句】He talked about Keats, and continued by reading us a poem他谈了济慈，接着给我们朗诵了一首诗。

8. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes. 我试图空出一只手，最后设法解开了绳子。
【考点聚焦】manage to do sth.意为“设法做某事”，更倾向于做成某事，与succeed in doing sth.同义；而try to do sth.倾向于努力做某事，有没有成功不确定。

9.Gulliver found himself unable to move.
find sb. /sth. + adj.

10. hand v. 交；递，给
【考点聚焦】“hand in”表示“上交（作业），递交（文件）等”
“hand in hand”，手拉手，手握着手

11. renew vt. 续借；更新；重新开始
【考点聚焦】re-是最常用的前缀之一。它可以加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re-表示以下三方面的意义：
1、表示“回”或“向后”的意思。例如：return（回来，返回）recall（回忆，召回）
2、表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思。例如：review（复习、评论）restart（重新开始）
3、表示“相反”、“反对”的意思。例如：reverse（反转，颠倒）resist（反抗，抵抗）
review =go over 复习

12. publishing house n. 出版社
【考点聚焦】publishing 动名词形式做定语，类似的结构如：a swimming pool
【链接】publish vt. 出版，与come out意义相同。

13. refuse vt. & vi. 拒绝，回绝
【考点聚焦】
1、refuse+名词
She refused the invitation to the ball. 她拒绝了舞会的邀请。
2、refuse sb. sth.
I just can’t refuse my granddaughter anything. 我就是无法拒绝我孙女的任何要求。
3、refuse to do sth.
Some university students from the countryside refused to take any donation. 一些农村来的大学生拒绝接受任何捐款。
Yesterday my car refused to start. 昨天我的车发动不起来。

14. The first Harry Potter book was a great success in the very beginning.
在一开始，《哈利波特》第一本书获得了巨大的成功。
【考点聚焦】(1)success /sək’ses/ 作“成功的人或事”讲时为可数名词；作“成功”讲时为不可数名词。
He is a great success as a writer．作为作家来讲，他获得了巨大的成功。
Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
(2) succeed/sək’sid/ 为不及物动词
succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事。
He succeeded in swimming across the river．他成功地游过了河。
(3) successful形容词，意为“成功的”。He is a successful writer.他是一个成功的怍家。
(4) successfully副词，意为“成功地”。
He passed the exam successfully.他成功地通过了考试。

15.…translated into about 96 languages……被翻译成大约96种语言
【考点聚焦】translate vt. &vi.意为“翻译”。
【例句】This English poem is too hard to translate.这首英文诗非常难译。
be translated into意为“被翻译成”。
【例句】The book was translated into Russian.这本书被翻译成俄文。

16. hidden adj. 隐藏的
【考点聚焦】hide vt. 躲藏；掩饰（hid; hidden），hide-and-seek 捉迷藏
【例句】Don't try to hide your mistakes. 不要掩饰你的错误。
【注意】hidden adj.隐藏的
类似的用法有relaxed（轻松的）。
17. confidence n. 自信心
【考点聚焦】confident adj. 自信的，类似词性转换还有：different---difference；impotant---inportance
have confidence in doing = be confident of doing 做某事有自信

18. experience n. 经历；经验
【考点聚焦】
名词 n.  
1. 经验,体验[U]
She had no experience of life at all.  她毫无生活经验。  
Have you had any experience of teaching English?  你有过教英语的经验吗?
2. 经历,阅历[C] 
Please tell us about your experiences in Africa.  请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。  
It is the most terrible experience that I have experienced. 这是我经历的做糟糕的经历。
及物动词 vt.  
1. 经历;体验 
The city experienced over 2,000 such incidents last year.  去年这座城市发生过二千次以上这类事件。  
2. 感受;遭受 
He experienced a pang of sadness.  他感到一阵悲痛。

19. advice n. 建议，忠告，劝告
【考点聚焦】advice与suggestion是名词，都表示“建议、意见”．两者的最大区别在于advice是不可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice，“一些建议”用some advice；而suggestion则是可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a suggestion，“一些建议”用some suggestions，“许多建议”用many suggestions。
( )①What a good_______ he gave me!
A. suggestion B. advice C. suggestions D. advices
Key：A

20. We often meet together and discuss what to read．我们经常聚在一起讨论读点什么。
【考点聚焦】discuss意为“讨论”，其名词形式为discussion。
【例句】
Let's discuss what to do next．咱们讨论一下下面干什么。
We had a warm discussion about this matter.关于这件事我们进行了热烈的讨论。

二、语法Grammar
1. 疑问词加动词不定式
(1) 句法功能：
①“ wh-词＋不定式” 主要用作宾语或者宾语补足语，跟在动词decide, forget, advise, discuss, remember, understand, think, teach等之后。
◆疑问词分为疑问代词和疑问副词。常用的疑问代词有：what;which;who;whom;whose. 疑问副词有：where,when,why;how
e.g.: We must think what to do.
I can't decide whom to invite.
Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw.
② 除用作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语等。
e.g.: When to leave has not been decided.何时离开还没有决定。
The question is how to find him.问题是如何找到他。

(2) 注意点：
① 若动词不定式的动词为不及物动词，需要加上后面的介词。
e.g. Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.
I don’t know who to turn to for help when I have problems.
② 原则上说，why后不接不定式：
误：Kitty explained why to be late for school.
正：Kitty explained why she was late for school.

不过若不定式不带to，则可用why。
e.g.: Why not go there at once?　
Why argue with her?　
但这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。
误：Why not clean the room yesterday?
正：Why didn't you clean the room yesterday?

(3) how用于该结构的注意点：
有些动词后接“how＋不定式”作宾语时，how可以省略：
e.g.: Did you learn (how) to drive a car?　你学过开车吗？
但是，有些动词后面接“疑问词how＋不定式”作宾语时，尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译出，但不能将how省略。
e.g.: He knows how to play the piano.
He showed her how to swim.

(4)“疑问词十不定式”结构可以和复合句转换。
e.g.: He asked where he would go shopping after supper.
＝He asked where to go shopping after supper.

2. must& have to
(1) 意义区别
两词都是“必须”的意思，have to表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。
e.g.: My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）

(2) 形式的区别
① have to有人称、数和时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。
e.g.: He had to look after his sister yesterday. 昨天他不得不照顾他的妹妹。
② 否定结构：
have to的否定结构为：don't have to do…表示“不必”= needn’t do…
而must的否定结构为mustn’t 表示“禁止”，“绝对不可以”。
e.g.: You don't have to tell him about it．你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it．你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

(3) 联系
Must引导的疑问句可以用don’t have to/ needn’t来回答。
e.g.: Must I finish my homework now?
No, you don’t have to. / needn’t.

三、词组归纳
1. what to do with sth.=how to deal with sth.    如何处理某事
2. use them to reach the box on the fridge      用它们够冰箱上的盒子
3. be interested in                        对……感兴趣
4. crash against                         碰撞到……
5. be tired out                            筋疲力尽
6. be tied to the ground                     被绑到地上
7. be the same size as……                    和……一样的尺寸(一样大小)
8. fall over                              摔倒
9. continue to do/doing sth.                 继续做某事
10. manage to do sth.                       设法完成做某事
11. a huge army of……                    一大群……
12. hand in                               上交
13. and so on……                         ……等等
14. on time                              准时，按时
15. translate……into……                   把……-翻译成……
16. be translated into……                  被翻译成……
17. ask (sb.) for help                          向某人求助
18. recommend sb. as……                   推荐某人当……
19. recommend sb to do sth.                 推荐某人做某事
20. refuse to do sth.                       拒绝做某事
21. on a train trip to London                 去伦敦火车旅行的途中
22. get the idea for                         得到……的灵感(思路)   
23. publishing house                      出版社
24. so far                               到目前为止
25. in the very beginning                   在一开始,起初
26. at a time                            每次；依次；一次性
27. renew them online                     在线续借它们
28. on the one hand,…on the other hand,…            一方面……，另一方面……
29. sail the sea to look for hidden treasure      出海寻找隐藏的宝藏
30. give me a lot of confidence              给我许多信心
31. have exciting experiences               有令人激动的经历
32. I’m not as shy as I used to be.                   我没有以前那样害羞了。
33. decide to write my own stories           决定写我自己的故事
34. ask for advice on books                 征求关于书籍方面的建议
35. the four great classical Chinese novels         中国四大古典小说
36. be just opposite my home                      就在我家正对面
37. Reading can help me relax                          读书帮助我放松。
38. make me relaxed                      使我放松
39. open up                               开启,开创,开辟
40. open up a whole new world to me 给我开辟一个全新的世界

四、句型归纳
1. Have you decided what to do with these books?   你已经决定如何处理这些书了吗？
2. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.
当我们的船触礁之后，我奋力前游。
3. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.
直到我终于感觉到脚下陆地时，我已筋疲力尽。
4. My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground. 我的胳膊，腿和头发都被栓在了地上。
5. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.
它向上爬过我的腹部和脖子，直到站在我的脸附近。
6. He was the same size as my little finger.        他不过我小手指那么点大。
7. I shouted at them-- the loud noise made them all fall over.
我朝他们吼叫—很大的噪音使得他们都摔倒。
8. However, they got up again and continued moving across my body.
然而，他们很快又爬了起来，继续在我的身体上走过。
9. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.
我尽力解脱开一只手，最后设法弄断了绳索。
10. Gulliver found himself unable to move.       格利佛发现自己不能动弹。
11. Sandy is wondering where to ask for help.     桑迪想知道去哪里求助。
12. Mr Wu advised us which to choose as after-school activities.
吴老师建议我们选择哪些作为课外活动。
13. Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw.丹尼尔自学如何用电脑画画.
14. The first Horry Potter was not a great success in the very beginning.
                                          第一本哈里波特在一开始并未取得成功。
15. Who do you usually ask for advice on books? 你通常向谁征求读书的建议?
16. How long can I keep the books?            这些书我可以借多久?
17. They also open up a whole new world to me.   它们也为我开启了一个全新的世界。
18. You don’t have to come to our desk every time. Just renew them online.
你不必每次都来我们服务台办理。在线续借即可。
易错题分析

语法部分：
一、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Mr. Green showed us what_______ (do) first.
2. Li Feng did not know who_______ (talk) to about this book.
3. Students do not have to_______ (go) to school at weekends,
4. Everyone must not_______ (smoke) in the library.
5. The workers are discussing which colour_______ (paint) the walls.
【答案】1. to do 2. to talk 3. go 4. smoke 5. to paint

二、单项选择
( )1. Students in our school _______ know shouting is not allowed in the library.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
( )2. He will have to_______ his diet because of his serious stomach problem.
A. watching B. watched C. watches D. watch
( )3. Remember _______ off the lights when you leave the room, please.
A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. to turning
( )4. Our teacher often tells us_______ in the river. It's dangerous.
A. don't swim B. not swim C. not to swim D. not swimming
( )5. I haven't decided when _______ a holiday yet.
A. took B. taking C. to take D. take
【答案】CDACC

三、句型转换
1．I enjoy rock music because it is exciting.（对画线部分提问）
_______ do _______ enjoy rock music?
2．Simon forgets when he will meet his friends.（同义句转换）
Simon forgets when _______ _______ his friends.
3．Often we don't know where we can go on Sundays.（同义句转换）
Often we don't know_______ _______ go on Sundays.
4．We have to go to school at weekends.（改为否定句）
We _______ _______ _______ go to school at weekends.
5．Must I start dancing now?（作否定回答）_______, _______ _______.
【答案】1. Why; you 2. .to meet 3. where to 4. don't have to 5. No; you needn’t

词汇句型部分：
一、根据句意及汉语提示，用词的正确形式填空。
1. Do you think that book is a good _________ (读物)？
2. Where can I find the ______ (小说) Frogs by Mo Yan?
3. I think imagination is more important than ____________ (知识).
4. In his ________ (空闲) time, he likes playing football with his friends.
5. In fact, the __________ (丑陋的) man in this book is a kind-hearted man.
6. --Did the film Back to 1942 _____________ (触动) you?
--Yes, of course.
7. Jin Yong is a famous _________ (作家) in China.
8. You ___________(必须) not talk loudly in the reading room.
9. What happened to your ______ (肩膀).
10. How many _____ (胃) does a pig have?
11. He joined the ___________ (军队) after finishing high school.
12. There are six________ (手指) in his right hand.
【答案】
1. read 2. novel 3. knowledge 4. spare 5.ugly 6. touch
7. writer 8. must 9. Shoulder(s) 10. stomachs 11. army 12. fingers

二、选择填空
( ) 1. —Who is that girl talking to our English teacher over there?
—She is Miss Brown, _____ European studying in _____ Nanjing University
A. an; the B. a; a C. an; / D. a; /
( ) 2. ---I ______ to work out the Maths problem but failed. What about you?
---With my father’s help, I ______ to work it out.
A. tried, tried B. managed, tried C. tried, managed D. managed, managed
( ) 3. Mr Wang is strongly ______ keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals should also enjoy freedom.
A. against B. for C. up D. down
( ) 4. He gave me ____ on how to sing well. _____ good advice! It’s so helpful to me.
A. an advice, What a B. some advices, how
C. some advice, What D. an advice, How
( ) 5. I have already ______ the novel for two weeks. I must return it ______ the library today.
A. read, back to B. bought, to C. kept, to D. borrowed, back to
( ) 6. The energy from the sun costs very little _____, it produces little pollution.
A. For example B. such as C. In some ways D. Moreover
( ) 7. ______makes me worried.
A. What to pay attention B. Who to ask for help writing
C. What to do with the books D. How to do with the magazines
( ) 8. ---It’s so cold here. Do you mind ____ the window? ---____. I will do it right now.
A. to close, Yes B. to open, No
C. opening, Of course not D. closing, Not at all
( ) 9. Mr Brown together with his family ________ Sanya for a few weeks.
A. has been in B. have been to C. have been in D. has left for
( )10. I wonder who ______about this play.
A. to talk B. to say C. to talk to D. to speak
( )11. The ______of A Brief History of Time have reached 10,000,000______around the world.
A. sales , copies B. sale , copy C. sells , copy D. sell, copies
( )12. Sadly the air in the country is no longer as fresh as it .
A. was used to being B. has used to be
C. has been used to be D. used to be
( )13. Many people will not realize the importance of health ________ they fall ill.
A. until B. while C. when D. after
( )14. ---Is Mr. Liu a teacher with a lot of teaching _____?
---Yes, she is. He always tells us some funny _____ after class.
A. experience; experience B. experiences; experiences
C. experiences; experience D. experience; experiences
( )15. Mrs. White has _____ that she is not able to get a job.
A. so a little education B. such little education
C. so little education D. such a little education
( )16. Don’t try to do everything at once. Take it a bit _____________.
A. at times B. at a time C. at all times D. at that time
( )17. ---Is it the most wonderful football game you have ______ watched?
---Yes, I have ______ watched such a wonderful game before.
A. ever; never B. yet; ever C. already; yet D. ever; yet
( )18. If you want to get more information, you can the internet.
A. search B. find C. 1ook for D. search for
( )19. All the shirts look beautiful. I don’t know .
A. what to choose B. when to choose
C. which one to choose D. why to choose
( )20. ---Thank you very much for showing me how to use the computer. --- ______.
A. No, thanks B. My pleasure C. That’s right D. With pleasure
【答案】DCACC DCDAC ADADC BAACB

三、动词填空
1. Our team won the game. It made all of us_______ (feel) excited.
2. - _______ you_______(renew) your book, Linda?
-Not yet.
3. I hope all my classmates_______(get) good marks in the coming tests.
4. While Sam_______ (listen) to the music, Mr Green turned off the radio.
5. So far, I_______ (not receive) any present from my parents or friends.
6.-Can you tell me where_______ (find) that book? -In the classroom.
7. The twins_______ (plan) how to spend the coming holiday in the sitting room now.
8. -Look at the sign. You can't take photos here. -Sorry, I_______ (not see)it.
9. Cindy never_______ (get) full marks in Maths exams. It's too bad for her.
10. John has been used to_______ (eat) Chinese food since he came to China.
【答案】
1. feel 2. Have, renewed 3. will get 4. was listening 5. haven't received
6. to find 7. are planning 8. didn't see 9. gets 10. eating

四、翻译句子
1．你必须准时上交作业。
_____________________________________________________________________________
2．他最终设法举起了他的手指。
_____________________________________________________________________________
3．巨大的响声使得一群极小的人摔倒了。
_____________________________________________________________________________
4．你不必亲自来还书。
_____________________________________________________________________________
5．我还没有决定该买哪本读物。
_____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. You must hand in your homework on time
2. He finally managed to lift his finger.
3. The loud noise made an army of tiny people fall over.
4. You don't have to return the book on your own
5. I haven't decided which read to buy.