专题15 8BU7-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）

专题15  8BU7-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括

及易错题分析

一、重点词组、句型

1. 世界慈善组织  international charities

ORBIS    奥比斯       Oxfam   乐施会           UNICEF   联合国儿童基金会

WWF     世界自然基金会

An injured large bird was saved by    B     staff in West Lake Nature Reserve, China.. 

    A. UNICEF        B.WWF            C. Project Hope    D. ORBIS

2治愈（结果）cure           治疗 （过程） treat 

治疗某人某病     treat sb with +病

注意：80 percent of the hospitals are excellent.

80 percent of the food is eaten by Tom 

3.我们很多病人负担不了到医院看病。Many of our patients can’t afford to go tot hospital.

负担地起做某事        afford to do.

买得起…              afford sth

4.我很自豪帮助人们重见光明，改善生活。I am proud to help people see again and improve their lives.

以….为自豪      be proud of sth

做某事自豪   be proud to do

是…的骄傲    be the pride of 

5.分发传单         hand out leaflets 

 --How will you help with the charity show next week? 

   --We will __B____ leaflets to ask more people to take part in.

A.put out          B.hand out        C.run out        D.cut out

---Jim, where is your hometown? You must ___B__now.   ----Wait a minute, Sir.

1. hand on it      B.hand it in     C.hand in it        D.hand it on

6.决定做某事      make up one’s mind to do

7.词形变化

educate adj.教育—education n.教育

equal adj.平等的—equally adv.平等地

interview n./v.采访—interviewer n.采访者

blind adj.失明的—blindness n.失明

most adj.大部分—mostly adv.主要地，大部分地

medical adj.医学的—medicine n.医学,药

treat v.治疗—treatment n.治疗

operate v.手术—operation n.手术

proud adj.自豪的—pride n.自豪

read v.读—reader n.读者

develop v.发展—development n.发展

include v.包括—including prep.包括

organize v.组织—organization n.组织

India n.印度—Indian adj.印度的，印度人的         n.印度人

office n. 办公室—officer n.官员

二、语法Grammar

1. 一般现在时的被动语态

现在时的被动语态构成：（am/is/are +done）如： 
   This shirt is washed once a week. 这件T恤一周洗一次。
   I am asked to study hard. 我被要求努力学习。
   Knives are used for cutting things. 刀被用来割东西的。
   These songs are usually sung by boys. 这些歌曲通常是男生唱的

一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态：
1） Bruce writes a letter every week.
   → A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2） This factory produces machine tools.
   → Machine tools are produced in this factory.
3） They often make fun of her.
   → She is often made fun of. 
4）We clean our classroom every day.
   → Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.
5）Do you wash your clothes very often?
   → Are your clothes washed very often?
6）Most people in the USA speak English.
   → English is spoken by most people in the USA.
7)People speak English in many countries.
   → English is spoken in many countries.
8)Do you often clean your room?
    → Is your room often cleaned by you?

用所给动词适当形式填空。

Usually the children here ______are taken _____(take )good care of .

The room ________is cleaned____(clean) every day.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态

主语(动作承受者) + was / were + 过去分词(+ by + 施动者)构成。

与主动语态相比,被动语态中主语是谓语动作的执行者。

句型格式：was / were + done

例： I was taught by Miss Zhao last year.
Those letters were written by a famous writer.那些信是由一位有名作家写的。

用所给动词适当形式填空。

The cup __________was washed___________( wash ) yesterday .

The book ________was written________(write ) by Hanhan two years ago.

主动语态和被动语态的转换

1. 主动语态变为被动语态

       ① 要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。

② 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。

③ 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。

          We asked him to sing an English song.

          He was asked to sing an English song by us.

主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者

被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者

2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态

    ① 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；

② 若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；

③ 若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to 或for；

       She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)

       I was given a book by her.（间接宾语me改为了主语）

       A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语a book改为了主语）

3. 动词短语变为被动语态

   许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。

   We should speak to old men politely.

   Old men should be spoken to politely.

4.to的“前世今生”

在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。

eg. I often hear her sing this popular song .（主动语态）

She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）

▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：

5.初中阶段不使用被动语态的情况

A.系动词无被动

     The dish tastes delicious.      The apple smells sweet.

B.某些说明名词本身性质的动词。如wash, write, sell ,read

     The play reads better than it acts.

     This kind of cloth washes well.(耐洗)  

     The pen writes smoothly写起来流利。

     The book is so interesting that it sells well.

     “sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来…..” 作及物动词为“卖、出售”）

C.Need+V-ing  “需要被….”

    My car needs repairing. 我的车需要修理

D. Too…to句型The box is too heavy to life.

E.不及物动词appear, disappear, fail, happen, last, remain, spread, break out, come true, take place, belong to,rise等

比较 rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

(错) The price has been risen.

(对) The price has risen.

(错) The accident was happened last week.

(对) The accident happened last week.

(错) The price has raised.

(对) The price has been raised.

6.系表结构PK被动语态

有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”

eg:

（1）

  （2）

三、词组归纳

1. international charities       国际慈善机构

2. have some pocket money left         还剩一些零花钱

  have five kilometers left           还剩下五千米

3. It’s time for lunch. = It’s time to have lunch.  是吃午餐的时候了。

4. have a big lunch               吃一顿丰盛的午餐

5. know about a charity called UNICEF            了解名叫“联合国儿童基金会”慈善机构

6. help build a better world for everyone           帮助为每个人建立一个更好的世界

7. provide basic education for children in poor areas  为贫困地区的儿童们提供基础教育

8. work for the equal rights of girls and women     为女孩和妇女的平等权利而工作

9. prevent the spread of some serious diseases among young people  

预防年轻人中一些严重疾病的扩散

10. tell us something about blindness       告诉我们关于失明的一些事

11. about 80 per cent of these cases        大约80%的病例

12. have money for medical treatment          有钱接受医学治疗

13. use its Flying Eye Hospital to visit poor areas     用它的飞行眼科医院来拜访贫困地区

14. volunteer doctors             志愿者医生

15. be used as a training centre        被用作培训中心

16. can afford to do sth        支付得起做某事

17. be invited on board to learn about eye operations  被邀请到飞机上学习关于眼科手术

18. teach them new skills      教他们新的技能

19. during my last visit       在我上一次访问期间

20. do operations on sb/ operate on sb      给某人做手术

21. be proud to do sth          以…做某事而自豪  

be proud of …            以…为荣

22. carry on (with sth)           继续开展，继续下去

23. Thank you very much for your time.      非常感谢你的时间。

24. cut a person’s body open         给某人开刀

25. the condition of being unable to see       不能看见东西的状态

26. treat people with eye problems     治疗有眼疾的人

27. many more people          更多的人

28. be set up                                  被建立，被设立

29. be part of the United Nations                  联合国的一部分

30. after World WarⅡ                           第二次世界大战以后

31. get toothache                               牙疼

32. look pale                                  看上去脸色苍白

33. have a check                               检查一下

34. help poor people with eye problems see again     帮助患有眼疾的穷人重见光明

35. make up one’s mind to do sth                  下定决心做某事

36. attend these courses                          出席这些课程

37. travel over 300 days a year                    一年中超过300天都在旅游

38. get used to travelling by plane                 习惯于乘飞机旅行

39. have as much money as before                 和以前有一样多的钱

40.used to work on the farm all day                过去常常整日在农场上工作

41. learn about the conditions of the local people     了解当地人们的情况

42. enter a school                              考入学校

四、句型归纳

1. More money is needed for charity.         慈善事业需要更多的钱。

2. I’m too weak to walk any further.      我太虚弱了而不能走更远。

3. Many of our patients can’t afford/don’t have money to go to hospital, so we have to go to them.   

我们的许多病人没钱去看病,所以我们不得不去他们那儿。

4. By training them, we hope to help more people.  通过对他们进行培训，我们希望能帮助更多的人。

5. I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives.帮助人们重见光明并改善他们的生活我很自豪。

6. Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.     现代医学正迅速发展,现在大多数的眼睛问题和疾病能被治疗并治愈。

7. But more money is needed to carry on with our work.但是需要更多的钱来继续我们的工作。

8. How long have you felt like this?     你像这样多长时间了?

9. A lot of things are sold in Oxfam shops, including books.很多东西在乐施会的商店里出售，包括书籍。

10. At that time, many children’s lives were changed because of the war.在那时，许多孩子的生活因为战争改变了。

11. You can help by donating money or working as a volunteer.你能通过捐款或者作为志愿者工作来帮助。

语法部分：

一、单项选择

（   ）1. She was seen ______ at this time yesterday.

         A. dance   B. dancing   C. danced   D. to dance

（   ）2. The meeting ______ at 4 this afternoon.

         A. began   B. will begin   C. is begun   D. will be begin

（   ）3. The man ______for more than ten hours a day.

         A. made to work   B. was made working  C. was made work  D. was made to work

（   ）4. The teacher must ______ carefully in class.

         A. listen   B. be listened   C. be listened to   D. be listening

（   ）5. A lot of tall buildings ________in our city last year.

         A. are built   B. was built   C. were built   D. can be built

（   ）6. Our classroom is clean and tidy. It ________every day.

         A. is cleaned   B. is cleaning   C. cleans   D. cleaned

（   ）7. How long may this book ________?

         A. be keeping   B. kept   C. be kept   D. is kept

（   ）8. When your homework _______, please hand it in.

         A. did   B. do   C. done   D. is done 

【答案】1–4 BBDC   5–8 CACD

二、主动被动互变

1. People speak English in many countries. ________________________________________

2. The bike is being repaired.   (A worker)  ________________________________________

3. He taught me Chinese last term. ________________________________________

4. The reading – room must be kept clean.  ________________________________________

5. Mum will buy me a T – shirt tomorrow. ________________________________________

6. She was seen reading a book.  (I)________________________________________

7. They let the dog go.________________________________________

8. The books have been taken from the library.  (The little boy)__________________________________

【答案】

1.  English is spoken in many countries ( by people ). 2.  A worker is repairing the bike

3. Chinese was taught to me by him last term. 4. The students must keep the reading – room clean.

5. I will be bought a T – shirt by Mum tomorrow./ A T– shirt will be bought for me by Mum tomorrow.

6. I saw her reading a book.7. The boy is let to go by them.

8. The little boy has taken the books away from the library.

词汇句型部分：

一、单词拼写

1. I love Yangzhou, ____________(尤其是) in spring.

2. Someone has left a window open____________(粗心大意). 

3. All the kids were surprised when they heard that a cow has four __________ . (胃)

4. How long have you ____________(借) the book?

5. He is patient enough to ___________(解释)the thing to us.

6. They have just had a ______________(discuss) about where to spend their holidays.

7. When the guest entered the hall, Mrs Smith stood up and greeted him ________  (polite).

8. He was so tired out that he found himself ________（able）to move out of the hotel.

9. Living together with my friends was a great __________ .(pleasant)

10. Some husbands care less about their ______ (wife) feelings and seldom help them do housework.

【答案】

1-5 especially   carelessly   stomachs    kept    explain  

6-10 discussion   politely   unable     pleasure     wives’

二、翻译句子

1. 这些生来就有严重眼疾的女孩们看不起病所以指望政府捐钱给她们。

The girls_____________________________________,so__________________________________________.

【答案】born with serious eye problems can’t afford to go to hospital; they hope the government donates money to them.

2. 老师几天前建议我为UNICEF募集资金。

I _______________________________________________________.

【答案】was advised to raise money for the UNICEF by my teacher the other day.

3.他继续为病人动手术遇到了多大的困难啊！

What ___________________________________________________!

【答案】a big problem he has carrying on operating on the patient

4.我们应该传播知识来阻止人们倾倒垃圾到河流中。

Knowledge __________________________________________.

【答案】should be spread by us to prevent people pouring rubbish into rivers.

5.志愿者们还未下定决心为如此多的非洲人提供免费的医学治疗。

Knowledge __________________________________________.

【答案】The volunteers haven’t made their mind to offer free treatment for so many Africans

6. 这个男孩因为牙疼放弃了观看精彩的慈善演出。

_____________________________________________________.

【答案】The boy gave up watching the amazing charity show because of toothache

三、词汇拼写

1. The Internet makes the          （传播）of information become quicker and quicker.

2. There are many beautiful flowers in our school,                 （尤其）in April and May.

3. Modern medicine is developing so quickly that most eye problems and diseases can be___. (make an illness go away).

4. Dr Wang has        （cut a person’s body open to take out or repair）on three people with arm problems since 6 a.m.

5. The weather suddenly became very cold, so there were many            （people who are ill, especially in hospital）in that hospital.  

6. As a Chinese, I am very _________(自豪的) of the prosperity(繁荣) of our motherland.

7. I haven't saved enough money, so I can't ______________ to go abroad this summer.

8. She had a_________ (检查) on the guest list again and again to make sure of the number of people in the party.

9. Please ask the ___________ (秘书) to my office. I have something important to tell them.

10. . I think everyone should have the right to receive good            (教育).

11.  Please pass me the _________ (采访者) names to me .I want to know about them.

12. Chinese people hope to get better _____________ (医疗的) treatment in the near future.

13.Many children can’t go to school, __________(mainly )in mountain areas .

14. The course covers many topics,  ____________ the knowledge of English grammar.(包括)

15. Thank you for ________ （动手术）on them on the phone.

16. Most _______ （illness）can be cured by those doctors.

17、The doctors didn’t know what caused the old man’s           （失明）.

18. He says his country wants to ________________ (发展) its friendship with China.

19. In some countries, black people don’t have the same 　　　　　 (权利) as whites.

20. We should treat everyone _______.(平等地)

【答案】

1. spread   2. especially  3. cured   4. operated  5. patients  6. proud   7. afford 

7. check  9. secretary  10. education  11. interviewer  12. medical  13. mostly 

14. including  15. operating  16. diseases  17. blindness 18. develop  19. right 20. equally