专题13 8BU5-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）

这是一份专题13 8BU5-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用），共15页。
专题13 8BU5-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括
及易错题分析

单元话题
Good manners
Reading
重点词汇、词组和句型
Grammar
enough to do........和too........to.......句式之间的转换

知识点囊括

一、重点词组、句型
1：Second, don’t cut in on others. (P64)第二，不要打断其他人。
cut in (on sb./sth.) 打断（谈话），插嘴，如：She always cuts in when other people are talking.
【知识拓展】
cut down砍倒；减少, 削减
cut off切断，割断，剪断
cut out切去,切除；剪下
例如：
If you cut down all the trees you will ruin the land.
She cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me.
I cut this article out of the newspaper.

2：Always wait politely. (P64)总是礼貌地等候。
polite adj. 有礼貌的 impolite adj. 没有礼貌的 politely adv. 没有礼貌地
be polite to sb. 对…有礼貌 be rude to sb. 对…粗鲁
如：We should be polite to old people.

3：leave the tap running (P65)水龙头一直在流
leave vt.
(1)使…处于某种状态，the tap做宾语，现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。
①现在分词作宾语补足语，如：What he said left me thinking deeply.
②形容词作宾语补足语，如： His illness left him weak.

(2)离开; 脱离 leave…for…离开…前往… 如：I’ll leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow.

(3)遗忘; 丢下 leave sth.+地点 如：I left the book at home.
注意：forget sth. 表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leave sth.+地点”结构中强调地点。如：
Sorry, I forgot my English book. I left it at home.
【拓展】
①过去分词作宾语补足语，如：The moving story left him unmoved.
②副词作宾语补足语，如：What has left him away for so long?
③介词作宾语补足语，如：This matter left her without a way of hope.

4：queue for your turn(P65)排队等待
(1) queue v. 意为“排队等候”如：We should queue up at the ticket office.
n. 意为“队伍”。短语in a queue意为“成一排（队、行列）”，和in line意思相近；
jump the queue意为“插队”。
如：Why did you jump the queue just now?

(2 )turn
n. 顺序, 轮流 
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事,
如：It's your turn to make a decision. 

5：I’m afraid not.(P65)我恐怕不是。
I’m afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。如：
I’m afraid I can’t stay.
I’m afraid 之后可接 so 或 not，表示前面所提到的情况：表肯定时用 so；表否定时用 not。如：
---Will he come today? ---I’m afraid so (not).
此用法还有I think so./ I don’t think so. I hope so./I hope not.

8：What’s the proper way to greet people there, Jenny? (P66)简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？
(1)动词不定式to greet people there 作后置定语，修饰the proper way。如：I have a lot of homework to do.
(2)the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法，如：
It’s the best way of studying / to study English.
There are different ways to do / of doing it.
【知识拓展】
on the way在路上 by the way顺便说，顺便问 in the way有时也可说成in sb's way挡路，碍事
(3)greet sb欢迎某人
greet sb. with sth.用…问候某人 greetings名词，问候
（4）improper 不恰当的 properly 恰当地 improperly 不恰当地

9：British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。
(1)shake 过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking
常用短语：shake one’s hands握某人的手；shake hands with sb.与某人握手
wave one’s hands挥某人的手；wave to sb.向某人挥手
(2) hand vt.
常用短语：hand in 上交，交上去(给老师或上级)
hand out 散发，分发

10：British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.(P66) 英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。
close
①vt/vi.关闭;盖上;合上，反义词为open。如：She closed the door softly.
②adj.近的,接近的(+to) 。 如：His house is close to the factory.
(关系)密切的,亲密的。如：She is a close friend of theirs.
③adv. 接近,靠近地(+to)。如：They live close to the museum.
紧密地,紧紧地。 如：Anna followed close behind.
④ closely adv. 密切地（抽象概念） work closely
【拓展】closed adj. 关闭的，反义词为open。如：He likes sleeping with the window closed.

11：But please avoid subjects like age, weight, music, books or something else. (P66) 但是请避免像年龄、体重、音乐、书籍或是其他的话题。
avoid vt.后接名词或动名词做宾语，意为避免做某事。如：
We should do everything carefully to avoid making mistakes.

12：Do people there behave politely in public?(P66)那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗？
(1)behave vt/vi.表现 名词形式 behavior 表现；行为，举止
(2)public n.民众，群体； adj.公共的，公开的。如：
The public like watching films like this.
Please pay more attention to the public signs when walking in the street.
in public公开地，在别人面前。如：
Don’t speak loudly in public.

13：They think it’s rude to push in before others.(P66)他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。
(1)rude adj.粗鲁的；名词rudeness; 反义词polite
常用短语：be rude to 对…粗鲁，如：We shouldn’t be rude to anyone.

(2)push v.推，反义词为pull，v.拉
常用短语：push in插队，加塞；插嘴

14：Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they’ll say “sorry”.(P67)同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。
bump into 撞上，碰上
【知识拓展】
fall into落入，陷入 run into撞上，碰上
break into破门而入，非法进入 turn…into把…变成…

15：They’ll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. (P67)
他们将会说“打扰”并很礼貌地等你直到你移动为止。
在肯定句中，till一般可以与until互换，但在否定句中一般用until，构成not…until…的结构，意为“直到…才…”如：
She will wait here till/until 10.
Tom didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.
注意：主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如：
The bus will not go till/until all the people get on it.

16：British people are very polite at home as well, aren’t they?(P67)英国人在家也很礼貌，不是吗?
too; also; either; as well; as well as辨析
as well as
① 放句中用as well as，放句末用as well；as well as用在主语后，要用就远原则，如：
He as well as his parents is going to the market. 主语看作三单
② 用来表示同级比较, 指“一样好”。如： 
 He plays the guitar as well as you. 
He swims as well as, if not better than, me.

17：She did not join the discussion.(P71)她没有加入讨论。
discussion n.讨论 动词形式 discuss
常用短语：under discussion

18.do sth. by accident 偶然，碰巧

19.express oneself clearly

20.举行一个关于……的演讲 hold a talk on ....
注意：介词on

21.它将会在星期天下午两点钟举行。It will take place at 2 on Sunday afternoon.
我们将举行一个关于好的餐桌礼仪的演讲。We are going to hold a talk on good table manners.
注意：hold和take place的区别:hold是举办人做主语，宾语是举办的活动比赛等；take place是活动比赛做主语，后面没有宾语。

22：Help explain things and give us useful information. (P72)帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。
explain vt./vi. 及物动词的用法为 explain to sb. sth. 或 explain sth. to sb. 即不能直接跟双宾语，在表人的间接宾语前，后需加介词 to。如：
He explained to me the difficult maths problem.
= He explained the difficult maths problem to me.

23：keep us from danger (P72)使我们远离危险
keep sb./sth away from sth.阻止某人/某物前去或接近
keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
如：He keeps his dog away from his bedroom.
Tom kept his little brother from bothering him .

24：warn us against something (P72)提醒我们地方某些可能发生的事情
warn vt. 警告，提醒
第三人称单数：warns 过去分词：warned 现在分词：warning 过去式：warned
warn用法如下：
①warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事。如：
He warned us not to stay up late.
②warn sb. of/about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。如：
He warned the danger of the car accident.

warning n.警告，提醒。如：To give a warning, he waved his hands quickly.
　
25：Sorry, I didn’t notice that sign just now. (P73)对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。
notice vt. 意为"注意到,留心,看到"。常用于notice sb. do sth.; notice sb. doing sth.结构中。如：
Did you notice Jack come in?
Did you notice his hand shaking?
notice n. 意为"布告,公告,启事",是可数名词。如：
There is a notice on the office gate saying "No Parking".
作名词常用的词组有：
①take notice of sb./sth.意为"注意某人/某物"。如: Take notice of what they say.
②take no notice of sb./sth.意为"不理会某人/某物"。如: Take no notice of his angry words-he is not well.

26：Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life. (P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功。
successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 success n. 成功。succeed vi.成功；
如：His success makes me want to be successful in the near future.
We all want to succeed. 
常用短语：be successful at sth. =do sth. successfully= succeed in sth./ doing sth.

27：Risk losing everything all at one time.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。
risk vt.冒…的危险; 使…冒风险（或面临危险）; 
第三人称单数：risks 过去分词：risked 现在分词：risking 过去式：risked
常用短语：risk sth /doing sth 冒…什么危险/冒险做某事。如：
He risked walking alone in the dark.
risk n.危险，冒险; 常用短语：at risk 在危险中 at the risk of 冒...之险; 不顾...之风险
run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事。如：
We’d better not run the risk of catching a cold by walking without an umbrella in the rain.

28：Just as the saying goes. (P75)正如谚语所说。
saying谚语
常见的谚语有：
Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
No pains, no gains.不劳无获。
Burn the candles at both ends.操劳过度。
The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。
It rains cats and dogs. 大雨磅礴。
Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。
Every dog has its day.人人都有得意日。
Put all your eggs in one basket.孤注一掷。
The grass is always greener than the other side.这山看着那山高。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。
East or west, home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。
It's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

29：Otherwise, you will become tired out. (P75)否则，你将会筋疲力尽。
tired adj. 累的，疲倦的（指人）；tiring adj. 令人累的，令人疲倦的（指物）。
常用短语：be tired of 对...感到厌倦 如：I am tired of living aboard.

30：conclusion (P76)结论
conclusion n.结论; 结局; 断定，决定; 推论; 复数：conclusions
conclude v.下结论。如：
To conclude, he is honest.= In conclusion, he is honest.

31：The purpose of the talk is to teach students rules for eating.(P77) 讲座的目的是教学生吃饭的规矩。
此处的to teach放在is的后面，做表语。动词不定式还可以放在名词的后面做后置定语。如：
I have a lot of homework to do.

32：Above all, when you are sitting at the table, you should not start eating until everyone is ready. (P77)最重要的是，当你做在饭桌旁，你不应该开饭直到每个人都准备好。
above all最重要的是，如：Above all, it needs a wise decision.
一般放在句首，加“，”，其他all短语：in all 总计 after all 毕竟 first of all 首先
at the table 在桌子旁
有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：
①at table在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁
②in class在上课； in the class在班级中
③go to school去上学; go to the school到那所学校去
④go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去
⑤in front of在…的前面 ; in the front of在…的前部.

33：These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. (P77) 这些规矩很重要，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在桌子旁都很舒服。
make sure用法
— Make sure of his coming before you set off. — I make sure (that) he would come. 

二、语法Grammar
1.使用enough to
“be+形容词+enough+to do sth.”意为“足够……做某事”。常用来描述某人的一种个性或能力。注意其中的形容词用原级。
e.g 汤姆足够强壮，能搬得动这块石头。______________________________
他足够细心，把每个细节都核对过了。_______________________________
我已经足够大了，有自由去做我喜欢做的事了。______________________________
【答案】
Tom is strong enough to move the stone.
He was careful enough to check every detail.
I am old enough to have the freedom to do what I like to do.

2.使用too…to
我们可以使用“be+too+形容词+to do sth”结构来表达一个否定的结果。其中的形容词要用原级。
e.g 你太胖了，跳不高。______________________________________
那个时候这个女孩因太害怕而动不了了。_______________________________________
今天早晨他太迟了，没赶上早班车。_____________________________________
注意上述两个结构之间的相互转换：“be +too +形容词+to do sth”结构常常可以转换为“be not+（对应反义）形容词+enough+to do sth”。
e.g 他妹妹太小了，还不能照顾自己。__________________________________
=__________________________________
他太虚弱了以至于搬不动这只箱子。________________________________
=________________________________
【答案】
You are too fat to jump high.
The girl was too frightened to move at that time.
He was too late this morning to catch the early bus.
His sister is too young to take care of herself.=He isn’t old enough to take care of herself.
He is too weak to carry the box.=He isn’t strong enough to carry the box.

三、词组归纳
1.你是什么意思？ What do you mean?
2.这个单词是什么意思？ What does the word mean?
=What is the meaning of the word?=What do you mean by the word?
3.活到老学到老。 You are never too old to learn.
4.到处扔垃圾 drop litter everywhere
5.让水龙头流淌 leave the tap running
6.遵守交通规则 obey traffic rules
7.排队等候轮到你  queue for your turn
9.问候人的正确的方式 the proper way to greet people
10.做某事的方法 the way to do sth.=the way of doing sth.
11.与某人握手 shake one’s hand=shake hands with sb.
12.用亲吻问候人 greet people with a kiss
13.在公共场所表现有礼貌(行为得体) behave politely in public
14.插队到别人前面 push in before others
15.插嘴，打断别人的讲话 cut in on others
16.撞上某人 bump into someone
17.和…相撞 crash into…/crash against…
18.挡住某人的道 in one’s way
19.在许多方面 in many ways
20.在某种程度上 in some ways
21.用这种方法 in this way
22.顺便问一下 by the way
23.在公共场所保持你的声音很低 keep your voice down in public
24.正如谚语所说：入乡随俗。
As the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”.
25.偶然、意外地 by accident
26.写下所有的要点 write down all the main points
27.他太忙于和他的朋友谈话而没有看电视。He is too busy talking with his friend to watch TV.
28.公开地、在别人面前 in public
29.保持我们安全免受危险 keep us safe from danger
30.实现他的梦想 realize his dream
31.演讲的目的是教学生吃饭的规矩。The purpose of the talk is to teach students rules for eating.
32.张着嘴吃 eat with your mouth open
33.越过别人的盘子夹东西 reach over someone’s plate for something
34.我们应该知道这些规则以确保主人和客人在桌旁都很舒服。
We should know these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table.
34.举办一个有关良好餐桌礼仪的演讲 hold a talk on good table manners
35.篮球赛将在下周二举行。 The basketball game will take place next Tuesday .
36.将有很多关于餐桌礼仪的规矩 There will be a lot of rules on table manners.
37.首要的是 above all
38.冒着一次性失去一切的风险 risk losing everything all at one time
39.避免谈论年龄、体重或金钱 avoid talking about age, weight or money
40.按照当地人所做的去做 do as the local people do

易错题分析

语法部分：
完成句子
1. 我弟弟太小，清楚地表达自己有点困难。
My younger brother is so_________________________________________________________.
2. 他们要在学校礼堂举办一场有关良好餐桌礼仪的讲座，真是足够友好。
They are kind___________________________________________________in the school hall.
3. 彼得写字太慢了，在课上没有写下所有的要点。
Peter wrote_______________________________________________________in class.
【答案】
1. young that it is difficult for him to express himself clearly
2. enough to hold a talk on good table manners
3. so slowly that he didn’t wrote down all the main points

词汇句型部分：
一、单项选择
1. --What’s the meaning of saying on the blackboard?
--You mean one, “The early bird catches the worm”?
A. the; the B. a; a C. the ;an D. a; the
2. If you bump into someone in the dining hall, you should say “ ”to him.
A. hello B. sorry C. excuse me D. never mind
3. We should try to accidents.
A. risk B. express C. behave D. avoid
4. He kept me for many hours.
A. to wait B. wait C. waited D. waiting
5. Please tell him here.
A. don’t smoke B. no smoke C. not to smoke D. not smoke
6. There’s a(n) that behind every successful man there’s a woman.
A. saying B. sign C. idea D. picture
7. My little brother is too young dress himself.
A. that he can’t B. he can C. unable D. to
8. The man hands with my teacher is Jim’s father.
A. is shaking B. shaking C. shook D. was shaking
9. Mother warned the electric lamp.
A. not to touch B. him not to touch C. him not touching D. him not touch
10. ---If I work hard at my lessons from now on, can I do well in them?
---Sure. .
A. All rivers run into the sea. B. Every day is not Sunday.
C. Better late than never. D. Practice makes perfect.
【答案】ABDDC ADBBC

二、动词填空
1. I'm thinking of_______ (join) the writing competition.
2. It's a little difficult for us -_______ (achieve) our dream right now, but we should never give up.
3. -Did you notice anybody enter the building just now?
-Sorry, I_______ (cut) down the tree in the garden.
4. -_______ you_______ (finish) your homework?
-Not yet. I_______ (finish) it in two hours.
5. Have you decided which one_______ (buy)? Everyone is waiting for you.
6. The boss made his workers_______ (not work) eight hours but 12 hours a day.
7. Please don't keep us_______ (stand) outside in such cold weather for long.
8. I will give the book to him as soon as he_______ (come) back.
9.We hold this activity_______ (raise) money for the local people.
10. The government_______ (build) another two hospitals already so that people don't need to go to another city when they are ill.
11. How often_______ the Winter Olympics_______ (take) place?
12.. It's a good chance for us_______ (learn) about European history.
13. Who_______ (attend) yesterday's charity show? It was really a success.
14. Just at that time I heard someone _______ (call) my name behind. It was my wife.
15. You should plan what you_______ (carry) for next week's spring trip.
16. My mother_______ (teach) English in that school for nearly 30 years.
【答案】
1. joining 2. to achieve 3. was cutting 4. Have, finished, will finish 5. to buy 6. not work 7. standing 8. comes 9.to raise 10.has built 11.do,take 12. to learn 13.attended 14. calling
15.will carry 16. has taught

三、翻译句子
1. 这些公共标志牌使我们远离危险。
These keep us .
2. 行动胜于雄辩。Action words.
3. 熟能生巧。 .
4. 刚才警察警告他们不要在街上踢足球。
The policeman play football in the street just now.
5. 这次聚会的目的是为贫困学生筹款。
is poor students.
【答案】
1 public signs; from danger 2 speaks louder than 3 Practice makes perfect.
4 warned them not to 5 The purpose of the party; to raise money for