专题08 无提示词之填连词（解析版）-备战2023年高考英语语法填空技巧指导＋精做50题冲刺100分

专题08-无提示词之填连词[技法指导1] ---填并列连词(1)当空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等,而且并列成分之间存在并列、转折、选择或因果关系时,空格处一般填并列连词。(2)并列句一般由“简单句+并列连词十简单句”构成,有时并列连词前有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如    种类                   并列连词表示转折和对比关系but, yet, while, however表示因果关系for, so表示选择关系or, otherwise表示并列关系and, both…and, neither…nor, not only…but also…[示例1](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlightsThe whole adventure _______ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.[分析] 考查连词。空格后的动词 offers 与前面的动词 highlights 构成并列关系,故填 and。[示例2](2021·全国甲卷)My bike was old and shaky 67did the job.[分析] 考查连词。根据空处前后的语境可知，“自行车又旧又摇晃”与“能骑”之间是转折关系。故用表示转折的连词 but。[技法指导2]----填从属连词从属连词是指三大从句的引导词,即用来引导名词性从'句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词与关系词。判断空格处填哪一类引导词,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。(1)名词性从句: 从句不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,填 that;有“是否”之意,填whether/if。从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语时,填连接代词;缺少状语,填连接副词。[示例] (2021·新高考I卷) ______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-worldscenes.[分析] 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“ is so breathtaking about the experience”是主语从 句,空处在从句中作主语,表示“事物”,且位于句首。故填What。(2)定语从句: 当确定为定语从句后,先分析先行词,再分析先行词在从句中充当的成分,由这两方面来确定使用关系代词还是关系副词,以及具体使用哪个关系词。[示例] (2021·浙江1月高考)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool_____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.[分析] 考查定语从句。根据语境和句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,并在定语从句中作主语,而先行词 tool 为物,故此处要填关系代词 that 或 which。(3)状语从句: 当确定为状语从句后,分析从句在句子中充当什么状语:时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他,再根据句意和语境来确定从属连词。[示例] (2020·全国卷Ⅲ) _______he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.[分析] 分析句子结构可知,这是一个主从复合句,逗号前面是时间状语从句,故用连词 when 或 as 引导时间状语从句。故填 When/As。〖精练细做50题〗1. (2019全国II)I work not because I have to, _________  because I want to.【答案】but【解析】句意：我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想工作。not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个由because引导的原因状语从句。2. (2018浙江)Small amounts of caffeine—a cup  ________  two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. 【答案】or【解析】句意：少量的咖啡因——一天一杯或两杯咖啡——对大多数人来说似乎是安全的。one cup or two指“一、两杯”，这里表示选择，故填or。3. （2016全国III）In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, _________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. 【答案】and【解析】句意：在亚洲的许多地方，尤其是中国、日本、韩国和越南所谓的“饭碗”文化， 食物通常是用筷子来吃的。China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam是并列关系，故用并列连词and。4. （2014全国I）But the river wasn’t changed in a few days _________  even a few months. 【答案】or【解析】句意：但是，这条河不是几天，或者甚至是几个月就被改变的。这里表示选择关系，故用并列连词or。5. （2014全国II）There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _________  some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. 【答案】and【解析】句意：很多人在车站等车，有些人看上去非常着急和失望。这是一个并列句，前后两个分句是一致关系，故用并列连词and连接。6. (2019全国I)While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【答案】that【解析】句意：虽然在北纬88度以北它们较为罕见，但是有证据表明，它们的活动范围延伸到北极，向南延伸至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。there is evidence是一个there be句型，后面又是一个句子，所以空白处应填连词；这是一个同位语从句，连接词在从句中不作成分，也没有意思，所以用that引导。7. (2018浙江)It is possible  _________  caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.【答案】that【解析】句意：咖啡因也有可能婴儿一出生就带有缺陷。这是一个复合句。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，所以这是一个主语从句，连接词在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，故填that。8. It remains to be seen __________ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.【答案】whether【解析】句意：新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。这是一个复合句。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，所以这是一个主语从句。连接词在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”之意，故填whether。9. We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know __________ she’ll accept it.          【答案】whether/if【解析】句意：我们已经给予她这项工作，不过不知道她是否接受。这是一个并列复合句。连接词在第二个分句中引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”之意，故填入whether或if。  10. (2018全国卷III)I'm not sure ____________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.  【答案】which/who【解析】句意：我不知道谁更害怕，是我呢还是突然销声匿迹的母大猩猩。这是一个复合句。主句是I'm not sure，后面是宾语从句，在宾语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句。宾语从句的连接词在从句中作主语，且表示“谁；哪一个”，故填who或which。11. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.【答案】what【解析】句意：这就是我父亲教给我的——永远用最好的心情面对困难。这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，故填what。12. The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.【答案】whoever【解析】句意：金牌将授予任何在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，并在从句中作主语，表示“无论谁”，故填whoever。13. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.【答案】whichever【解析】句意：提供的课程多达五门，你可以任意选择最适合你的。连接词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，因有选择的范围as many as five courses，故填whichever，表示“无论哪一个”。14.（2019北京）The students benefitting most from college are those _________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources (资源). 【答案】who/that【解析】句意：从大学获益最多的是那些完全投入到学术生活的学生，他们充分利用大学的机遇和资源。这是一个复合句，主句是The students benefitting most from college are those，从句是_________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources (资源)。从句修饰those，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词；先行词those指人，故用关系代词who或that。15. (2019全国III)They were well trained by their masters   _________   had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who/that【解析】句意：它们得到了在照料动物方面经验丰富的主人的良好训练。这是一个复合句，主句是They were well trained by their masters，从句是 _________   had great experience with caring for these animals。从句修饰masters，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指人，故用关系代词who或that。16. (2019浙江)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.. 【答案】which/that【解析】句意：在夹克衫的边缘有一块布，在黑暗中能发出光。这是一个复合句，主句是On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth，从句是________ gives off light in the dark。从句修饰cloth，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指物，故用关系代词which或that。17.（2018全国I）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 【答案】which/that【解析】句意：这是一个复合句，主句是Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014，从句是______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes。从句修饰a study，是一个定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词study指物，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。18.（2018全国II）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program __________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】which/that【解析】句意：中国农业部发现，从2005年政府启动土壤检测计划，对农民使用化肥进行指导，到2011年间，化肥的用量减少了770万吨。这是一个复合句，主句是The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 从句是when the government started a soil-testing program __________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers。在这个从句中，又包含一个定语从句，即__________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers，从句修饰program，是一个定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词program指物，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。19. (2018浙江)Many westerners __________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.  【答案】who/that【解析】句意：很多来西方人来到中国后，一旦意识到在外面吃饭那么便宜，做饭就比在自己国家少多了。这是一个复合句，主句是Many westerners cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out，从句是 __________ come to China。从句修饰westerners，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指人，故用关系代词who或that。20. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _________ plants can spread to new places.【答案】so【解析】句意：有些动物可以把种子从一个地方带到另一个地方，所以植物可以传播到新的地方去。这里表示结果，所以用so。21. I am not afraid of tomorrow, _________  I have seen yesterday and I love today. 【答案】for【解析】句意：我不怕明天，因为我经历了昨天，而且我热爱今天。这里表示原因，故用for。22. Please send us postcards _________  we’ll know where you have visited.【答案】so【解析】句意：请给我们寄明信片，这样的话我们就会知道你都去了哪些地方。这里表示结果，故用so。23. There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _________ another man, also intelligent, fails.【答案】while【解析】句意：没法知道为什么一个人会有重要发现，而另一个人，也很聪明，却失败了。并列连词while表示对比。24. Read this story, _______ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
  【答案】and【解析】句意：读读这个故事，你会认识到并非所有的东西都能用金钱买得到。这里是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型。and表示肯定。25. Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, ________ you could have problems. 【答案】or【解析】句意：关电脑前，先关掉所有页面，不然会遇到麻烦。这里是“祈使句+or+陈述句”句型，or意为“不然的话”。26.（2016全国III）Over time, _________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 【答案】as【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成碎片，以便很快做熟。as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。27. If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people ________ you figure it out. 【答案】until【解析】句意：这是一个复合句。If引导条件状语从句，在主句中又包含一个时间状语从句，表示“直到”，故填until。28. We need to get to the root of the problem __________ we can solve it. 【答案】before【解析】句意：在解决问题之前我们需要找到问题的根源所在。before引导时间状语习从句，表示“在……之前”。29. (2019全国III)On our way to the house，it was raining    ____   hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. 【答案】so【解析】句意：在去房子的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道还得多长时间才能到那里。由句子结构和句意可知，这里是so…that…引导的结果状语从句，故空白处填so。30. I don't believe we've met before,      _____     I must say you do look familiar. 【答案】though/although 【解析】句意：我想我们以前不曾见过，虽然可以说你确实看上去很面熟。although/though意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。31. （2018全国I）While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life _________ walking, cycling or swimming.  【答案】than【解析】句意：报告说，虽然有规律地跑步不能使你长生不老，但是在延年益寿方面比走步、骑行或游泳更有效。由比较级more effective可知，应填比较连词than。32. （2018全国II）Corn uses less water __________ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.  【答案】than【解析】句意：玉米比水稻需要的水少，产生的化肥残留也比水稻少。由比较级less可知，应填比较连词than。33. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ___________ one can be entirely free from dust. 【答案】that【解析】句意：雨季最惬意的事情就是人们可以远离尘土。这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，故填that。34. _______ the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.【答案】whether【解析】句意：这里的大楼是否要推倒仍然有争议，人们仍然在寻找其它可能的解决方法。这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”，主语从句在句首，应用whether，不能用if。 35. （2019北京）What students do at college seems to matter much more than _________ they go. 【答案】where【解析】句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们上什么大学更重要。这里是前面的主语从句What students do at college相比较，连接词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。36.（2015全国II）As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【答案】how【解析】句意：作为天然的建筑师，印第安人精确地算出了土坯房需要多厚的墙才能使这一循环过程在大部分时间持续下去。这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作状语，表示“多么”，故填how。37. (2018天津) Kate, _____ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.【答案】 whose【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是Kate has gone to work in Australia，从句是_____ sisterI shared a room with when we were at college，从句修饰Kate，是定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰sister，故用whose。38. (2017天津)My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 【答案】whose【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是My eldest son is in New York at the moment，从句是_____ work takes him all over the world，从句修饰son，是定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰work，故用whose。39. (2017浙江)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,   _______   it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.【答案】where【解析】句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能是扫进了厨房的垃圾堆，后又到了花园，直到胡萝卜的叶子穿过戒指长了出来。这是一个复合句，主句是Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，从句是  _______   it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it，从句修饰the garden，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。40.（2016全国I）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,   _______   I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【答案】when【解析】句意：但是我和熊猫的渊源还要追溯到20世纪80年代中期，那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个照顾在野外即将饿死的熊猫的专辑的西方电视记者。这是一个复合句，主句是But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，从句是_________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild，从句修饰days，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。41. (2019全国II)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _______   she opened with her late husband Les. 【答案】which【解析】句意：现在Irene Astbury每天从上午9点到下午5点在麦克莱斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，宠物店是她和已故丈夫Les开的。这是一个复合句，主句是Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，从句是_______   she opened with her late husband Les。从句说明the pet shop，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词shop指物，故用关系代词which。虽然that也可以指物，但这是一个非限制性定语从句，故不能用that。42.（2017全国II）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _______ is not good for the health. 【答案】which【解析】句意：任何事情都是一样的，两者都可能获取太多，这对身体不好。这是一个复合句，主句是Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 从句是___________ is not good for the health。从句说明前面整个主句，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，故用which。43.（2017全国III）But Sarah, _______   has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.  【答案】who【解析】句意：莎拉和一些顶级模特参加时装表演，但是她想证明她不仅貌美而且聪明。这是一个复合句，主句是But Sarah wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty，从句是       has taken part in shows along with top models。从句修饰Sarah，是一个非限制性定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用who引导定语从句(that虽然也可以指人，但不能引导非限制性定语从句)。44. I have reached a point in my life __________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 【答案】where【解析】：关系词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词；定语从句写成一个完整的句子是I am supposed to make decisions of my own at the point. at the point在句子中作地点状语，故本题应用关系副词where。45. The reason _______ I was late was that I was caught in a traffic jam.【答案】why【解析】：这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作状语，表示原因，故用关系副词why。46. All the neighbors admire this family, __________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.     【答案】where【解析】：引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where。47. If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay _________ you are and wait for help.【答案】where【解析】句意：如果你不巧在野外走失，你最好呆在原处等待救助。这里引导地点状语从句，应填where。48. Hold your dream, ______ you might regret some day.【答案】or 【解析】句意：坚持你的梦想，否则有朝一日，你或许后悔。这里是“祈使句+or+陈述句”句型。or意为“不然”，符合句意。49. I didn’t realize he was a famous scientist __________ you told me.【答案】until【解析】句意：直到你告诉我我才意识到他是一位著名的科学家。not…until意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句。50. Dolphins are smaller ___________ whales but they are probably the most intelligent creatures in the sea. 【答案】than【解析】由比较级smaller可知，应用比较连词than。