5.1ReadingandThinking课件+练习

Unit 5 Reading and thinking习题检测一、根据汉语意思填写单词1．The food was ________(立刻) forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. 2．A lot of volunteers were organized together to resist ______ (虐待) animals. 3．Great significance should be attached to ________ (保护) natural resources.4．His first book suggested ______ (简化) the spelling of English words.5．There is an ________ (紧急的)need for qualified teachers.二、用单词的适当形式完成句子6．It is best ________(place) burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. 7．If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage ___________ (lose) forever, please take action.8．_______________(feel) fearful is healthy because it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.9．Mr Bush admitted ______ ( make) the decision in the absence of enough statistics.10．After   _________(seat) on the chair, the president began to give his lecture to the whole audience.11．We all rely on it that respecting others is ___________ (respect) ourselves.12．________ (communicate) with your parents can help them understand you better.13．I appreciate ______ (have) the opportunity to study abroad.14．It’s no use ________ (complain) about the result. 15．________(prohibit) keeping dogs in the community is absurd.三、阅读理解AFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be given as quickly as possible. In the case of seriously injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First aid measures depend upon a victim’s needs and provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的)injury. Despite the variety of injuries possible, several basic rules of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious(有意识的), should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and ask for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess(评估)the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness. The victim should be checked for the medical card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for assessing a victim’s condition is known by ABC, which stands for:A—Airway: Is it open and clearB—Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing. C—Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding extremely? Check skin color and temperature for additional signs of circulation problems.16．How can first aid help victims?A．By sending them to the hospital.B．By providing a surgery for themC．By avoiding their sudden illnesses or injuries.D．By preventing their condition from worsening.17．What does the author want to tell in the second paragraph?A．Providers’ first aid knowledge and skills are very important.B．Knowing what not to do is more important than other skills.C．First aid should follow the victims’ words first.D．A neck injury is a very serious illness.18．What can we learn about ABC?A．It is a first aid brochure.B．It is a kind of assessment method.C．C stands for checking the things of victims.D．Airway means air environment around victims.19．What is the best title for the text?A．Various Emergencies Calling for First AidB．The Importance of First AidC．Some Basic Knowledge About First AidD．The History and Development of First AidBDoctors in hospital emergency rooms often see accidental poisonings. A frightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed a cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a chemical product meant to kill insects. These are common causes of accidental poisoning. In cases like this, seek medical help as soon as possible. Save the container of whatever caused the poisoning. And look on the container for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison. Save anything expelled from the mouth of the victim. That way, doctors can examine it. In the past, some people forced poisoning victims to empty the stomach. They need a liquid syrup of ipecac(催呕剂) to do this. But an organization of children’s doctors no longer advises parents to keep syrup of ipecac. The American Academy of Pediatrics says some poisons can cause additional damage when they come back up the throat. Millions of people know a way to save a person who is choking on something trapped in the throat. The method is commonly known as the Heimlich Manoeuvre or abdominal thrusts(腹部按压), which you can do by getting directly behind a sitting or standing person. Put your arms around the victim’s waist. Close one hand to form a ball. Place it over the upper part of the stomach below the ribs. Place the other hand on top. Then push forcefully inward and upward. Repeat the abdominal thrusts until the object is expelled from the mouth. For someone who is pregnant or very fat, place your hands a little higher than with normal abdominal thrusts. Red Cross experts say taking these steps can save many lives. But they also warn that abdominal thrusts are not for people who have almost drowned. They say the use of the method could delay other ways to re-start breathing in the victim. Abdominal thrust should be used only in cases where a near-drowning victim is choking on an object. To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or organization like a Red Cross or Red Crescent Society for information. There may be training classes offered in your area. If you know first aid methods, you can be calmer and more helpful in case of emergency.20．Which of the following is NOT the common cause of accidental poisonings?A．A harmful medicine. B．A cleaning liquid.C．Poisonous insects. D．Dangerous pesticide.21．Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “expelled” in Paragraph 2?A．coming out B．taking upC．going away D．getting down22．What is probably inferred from the passage?A．Abdominal thrusts are very complex to perform.B．The Heimlich Manoeuvre is not suitable for the overweight.C．Syrup of ipecac once had a postive effect on poisoning victims.D．It is more cautious to save a drowning person using abdominal thrusts.23．What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?A．To warn people to avoid accidental poisonings.B．To provide a short medical guide to first aid.C．To show how to perform abdominal thrusts.D．To help people deal with accidental poisonings.四、七选五First aid is an important tool in quickly responding to accidents to ensure that injuries can be efficiently and immediately handled before a trained medical professional arrives. First aid in schools is especially helpful as children often get into accidents that need quick care. ____24____ Here are some of the benefits coming from having a first aider on site. A quick response is guaranteed. First aid is the initial treatment given to a victim. Some injuries do not require professional assistance. ____25____ First aiders can help the affected person feel better and ease pain by performing simple procedures on the spot. First aid can save lives. People equipped with first aid skills can handle emergencies in an efficient manner. Their professional knowledge and right methods of treatment can help preserve lives. A trained person is more composed（镇定的）and confident in critical situations. ____26____ A greater sense of safety is promoted.____27____ They are aware of the fact that they can treat themselves easily in case an accident occurs. Moreover, they are also trusted by their friends or loved ones. Having a well-trained first aider around help them relax and stay calm in the event of an emergency.____28____ Therefore, it is a must for the teachers and students to get a proper first aid training so that they can contribute to a safe campus. To ensure the safety of all the staff members and students, it is important to have first aid in the schools. It is vital to make everyone aware of the basic methods they should apply after an accident occurs.A．To sum up, first aid offers a wide range of benefits.B．Overall, a quick response can make a big difference.C．People who get first aid training are likely to feel secureD．He/She knows the best possible ways to help the victims make it.E．First aid training gives an individual enough knowledge to last a lifetimeF．They can be treated with simple methods such as applying an ice pack etc.G．Whether they are minor or more serious, preventing them worsening is important.五、用单词的适当形式完成短文语法填空The skin, which acts as a barrier ______29______disease, toxins and the sun's harmful rays, is an essential part of your body. So if your skin gets burned, it can lead to very serious injuries. Depending on the _____30_____(deep) of skin damage, burns are divided into three types. First-degree burns only affects the top few millimeters of the skin. Second degree burns go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks _____31_____ (get) better. Third-degree burns affect every layer of the skin. They cause very severe internal _____32_____(injury). The cool water stops the ______33______( burn)process and reduces the pain and swelling. Remove any clothes using scissors _____34_____necessary， unless you see the fabric _______35_______ (stick) to the burnt skin. _____36_____ (apply) oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat and may cause _____37_____ (infect). If the victim is suffering _______38_______second or third-degree burns, he/she needs to be taken to the hospital at once.
参考答案：1．instantly【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：食物立刻被挤出，张又开始呼吸了。根据汉语提示“立刻”可知应填副词instantly，作状语修饰动词短语forced out。故填instantly。2．abusing【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：许多志愿者被组织起来抵制虐待动物。根据汉语提示可知，abuse虐待，动词，符合题意；resist doing sth.抵制做某事，固定搭配，所以空处需用动名词作宾语。故填abusing。3．protecting【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：保护自然资源应具有重要意义。固定短语significance be attached to表示“有重要意义”，to为介词，其后搭配动名词，动词protect意为“保护”，其动名词形式是protecting。故填protecting。4．simplifying【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的第一本书建议简化英语单词的拼写。根据汉语提示可知，本空需要单词simplify “简化”，suggest doing sth. “建议做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填simplifying。5．urgent【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：急需合格的教师。 根据句子结构及括号内汉语提示，可知此处要填形容词，在句中作定语修饰后面的名词need。故填urgent。6．to place【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最好将烧伤部位置于流动的冷水下，特别是在烧伤前十分钟。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。根据句意，故填to place。7．being lost【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果一想到我们不可替代的遗产将永远失去，你就像我一样心碎，请采取行动。此处作介词的宾语，且lose与heritage构成被动关系，应用being done形式。故填being lost。8．Feeling【解析】【详解】考查非谓语。句意：感到恐惧是健康的，因为它能帮助你放慢脚步，正确评估风险。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语；结合所给动词feel可知，空处需用动名词作主语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Feeling。9．making【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意：布什先生承认，他是在缺乏足够统计数据的情况下做出这一决定的。admit doing sth.承认做了某事，固定搭配，所以空处需用动名词作宾语。故填making。10．being seated【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：主席在椅子上落座后，开始向全场演讲。seat作动词的用法是sb be seated：某人坐下。此处after是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填being seated。11．respecting【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都相信，尊重别人就是尊重自己。此处对主语内容的进一步说明和解释，用动名词作表语。故填respecting。12．Communicating【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与你的父母沟通可以有助于他们更好地了解你。分析句子可知，“ (communicate) with your parents”作主语，用动名词形式，故填Communicating。13．having【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我很感激有机会出国学习。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“appreciate doing sth.”，意为“感激（做）某事”，空格处应用动名词作宾语，“have”意为“有”，动词词性，动名词形式为“having”。故填having。14．complaining【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：抱怨结果是没有用的。It’s no use doing sth是固定句型，做……是没用的，故填complaining。15．Prohibiting【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意：禁止在社区养狗是荒谬的。分析句子结构可知，“禁止养狗”在句中作主语，主语应该用动名词，动词 prohibit意为“禁止”，动名词形式是prohibiting，在句首应该大写首字母。故填Prohibiting。16．D17．A18．B19．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些关于急救的基本知识。16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from worsening and provide relief from pain.（在轻微的紧急情况下，急救可以防止受害者的情况恶化，并减轻疼痛）”可知，急救可以通过防止病情恶化来帮助受害者。故选D。17．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“First aid measures depend upon a victim’s needs and provider’s level of knowledge and skill.（急救措施取决于受害者的需要以及提供者的知识和技能水平）”可知，第二段主要告诉我们急救人员的急救知识和技能非常重要。故选A。18．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“One method for assessing a victim's condition is known by ABC（ABC是评估受害者情况的一种方法）”可知，ABC是一种评估方法。故选B。19．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第三段“Despite the variety of injuries possible, several basic rules of first aid apply to all emergencies.（尽管可能有各种各样的伤害，但一些基本的急救规则适用于所有的紧急情况）”可知，文章主要介绍了一些基本的急救知识。故选C。20．C21．A22．D23．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍通过腹部按压对意外中毒者进行急救，为人们提供急救方面的医学指导。20．细节理解题。根据第一段“A frightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed a cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a chemical product meant to kill insects. These are common causes of accidental poisoning.(一位受惊的家长带着一个吞下清洁液的孩子来，有害物质或者是一种药物，或者可能是一种用来杀虫的化学产品。这些都是意外中毒的常见原因)”可知, 有害的药物、清洁剂及危险的杀虫剂都是意外中毒的主要原因，而没有提到有毒昆虫。因此，以下不是意外中毒的常见原因的是C项“Poisonous insects(有毒昆虫)”符合题意。故选C项。21．词句猜测题。根据上一句“And look on the container for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison.(保存引起中毒的容器。看看容器里有没有能阻止毒药发作的信息)”以及下一句“That way, doctors can examine it(这样，医生就可以检查了)”可知，划线词所在句子的句意为“保存任何从患者口中排出来的东西”，即划线词“expelled”的意思为“排出”。因此，第2段中带下划线的“expelled” 在意义上一词与A项“coming out(出来)”最接近。故选A项。22．推理判断题。根据第五段“But they also warn that abdominal thrusts are not for people who have almost drowned. They say the use of the method could delay other ways to re-start breathing in the victim. Abdominal thrust should be used only in cases where a near-drowning victim is choking on an object. (但他们也警告说，腹部按压不适用于那些差点溺死的人。他们说，使用这种方法可能会延迟其他方法重新开始对受害者的呼吸。只有濒临溺死的受害者被物体呛到的情况下，才应使用腹部按压。)”可知，腹部按压对于那些快淹死的人来说不适合，只适合被物品噎住的近乎窒息的人，使用腹部按压对溺水者实施急救要特别谨慎。因此，从这篇文章中可以推断出D项“It is more cautious to save a drowning person using abdominal thrusts(用腹部按压抢救溺水者更为谨慎)”符合题意。故选D项。23．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or organization like a Red Cross or Red Crescent Society for information. There may be training classes offered in your area. If you know first aid methods, you can be calmer and more helpful in case of emergency.(要了解更多的急救知识，请向医院或红十字会或红新月会等组织咨询。你所在地区可能有培训班。如果你知道急救方法，在紧急情况下你会更冷静，更有帮助)”可知，本文主要介绍通过腹部按压对意外中毒者进行急救，再结合最后一段的表述可知本文旨在为人们提供急救方面的医学指导。因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是B项“To provide a short medical guide to first aid(提供一个简短的急救医疗指南) ”符合题意。故选B项。24．G25．F26．D27．C28．A【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了接受急救培训的好处，并呼吁学校师生应该进行急救知识培训，为安全校园做贡献。【详解】1.空前一句“First aid in schools is especially helpful as children often get into accidents that need quick care.（学校里的急救尤其有用，因为孩子们经常会遇到需要快速护理的事故）”表示急救在学校里的重要性；G选项 “Whether they are minor or more serious, preventing them worsening is important.（无论它们是轻微的还是更严重的，防止它们恶化是重要的）”中they指代前句中的accidents，且具体说明为什么急救在学校是重要的，符合语境。故选G项。2.空前一句“Some injuries do not require professional assistance.（有些伤害不需要专业援助）”描述一些轻微的伤害不需要专业援助；F选项“They can be treated with simple methods such as applying an ice pack etc.（它们可以用简单的方法来治疗，如敷冰袋等）”同样描述轻微伤害的处理措施，且此句中的“simple methods”与前文“do not require professional assistance”对应一致。故选F项。3.小标题表示急救能拯救生命。空前一句“A trained person is more composed and confident in critical situations.（一个受过训练的人在危急情况下会更加沉着和自信）”中A trained person与D选项“He/She knows the best possible ways to help the victims make it.”中“He/She”对应，且表示经过训练的急救者能拯救生命，与本段主旨相符。故选D项。4.由本段标题句“A greater sense of safety is promoted.（提高人们的安全感）”可知，本段说明受过急救培训的人会带来安全感；空后“They are aware of the fact that they can treat themselves easily in case an accident occurs.（他们意识到，一旦发生事故，他们可以很容易地治疗自己）”表示具有急救知识让自己有安全感；C选项“People who get first aid training are likely to feel secure.（接受过急救培训的人更可能会感到安全）”符合语境和本段主旨。故选C项。5.观察全文可知，最后一段进行总结，本文的结构是“总——分——总”。A选项“To sum up, first aid offers a wide range of benefits.（总之，急救提供了广泛的好处）”总结急救有很多好处，引出下文，表示应在学校普及急救知识，造福于校园安全。故选A项。29．against30．depth31．to get32．injuries33．burning34．if35．sticking36．Applying37．infection38．from【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对皮肤损伤的程度和如何救治护理进行了说明。29．考查介词。句意：皮肤是身体的重要组成部分，它是抵御疾病、毒素和太阳有害射线的屏障。根据a barrier以及句意可知，此处应用介词against表示“对抗，抵御”。故填against。30．考查名词。句意：根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三种类型。the...of中间应用名词作宾语。故填depth。31．考查to do不定式和固定搭配。句意：它们很严重，需要几周时间才能好起来。take +时间+to do sth意为“做某事需要……”，为固定搭配。故填to get。32．考查名词复数。句意：它们会造成非常严重的内伤。they代指“Third-degree burns”，所以此处是指造成很多内伤，应用名词复数。故填injuries。33．考查现在分词。句意：冷水可以停止灼烧的过程，减轻疼痛和肿胀。此处表示“灼烧的过程”，即表示“正在进行”，应用现在分词。所以应用现在分词作定语。故填burning。34．考查固定句式。句意：除非你看到衣服粘在烧伤的皮肤上，否则如果有必要，用剪刀把衣服剪掉。if necessary意为“如果有必要的话”，为固定句式。故填if。35．考查现在分词。句意：除非你看到衣服粘在烧伤的皮肤上，否则如果有必要，用剪刀把衣服剪掉。stick（粘）和逻辑主语the fabric（织物）构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填sticking。36．考查动名词。句意：在受伤的地方涂油不是个好主意，因为它会保持热度，并可能导致感染。名词oil前应用动词，作主语应用动名词。置于首字母需要大写。故填Applying。37．考查名词。句意：在受伤的地方涂油不是个好主意，因为它会保持热度，并可能导致感染。及物动词cause后应用名词。故填infection。38．考查固定搭配。句意：如果受害者是二度或三度烧伤，需要立即送往医院。suffer from意为“遭受”，为固定搭配。故填from。