专题04说明文专练二-2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇 （解析版）

这是一份专题04说明文专练二-2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇 （解析版），共21页。
专题04说明文专练二
1.（2023秋·湖南怀化·高三统考期末）The idea of Buy Now Pay Later, or BNPL, has attracted millions of shoppers with the promise of interest-free credit. An incredible 45 percent of 18 to 24-year-olds in the UK turned to BNPL last year, according to The Money Charity. Lenders say they offer a better deal than credit cards, because they do not charge interest but make money from affiliate deals (关联交易) with retailers (零售商). It may be a new way of borrowing money, but the old rules still apply: unless you repay the debt quickly, you are building up trouble for the future.
Now, BNPLs are growing in popularity and do have upsides — mostly convenient shopping with interest-easy financing and no strict approval requirements. However, they also make it effortless to overshop, overspend, and get in over your head with credit problems. 
Lenders pay the retailer on your behalf, and then you repay over 30 days or three months, spreading the cost to help with your cash flow. They say this is fairer and less expensive than credit cards. That may be true, but BNPL has dangers, too.
BNPL lenders may not charge any interest, but they still want you to pay back the money you have borrowed, so what if you can’t? Typically, you have 30 days to pay. If you don’t, your lender will contact you to chase late payments. If you still don’t pay, they call in the debt collectors.
Citizens Advice says that 14 million used a BNPL product last year, but six million did not understand what they were signing up for. Some 26% of BNPL customers regretted their choice, while 41% struggled with repayment. Younger people were particularly at risk. A quarter of those making BNPL repayments couldn’t afford food, rent or bills as a result.
Another worry is that BNPL lenders only perform ‘soft’ searches on a person’s credit report, so do not see the borrower’s true credit status. This means they cannot remove people with financial problems and may end up adding to their troubles. BNPL lenders say they do careful checks to make sure they never lend more than a consumer can afford to pay back, and also pause accounts if a single payment is late. Nobody wants to be pursued by debt collectors. If you do use BNPL credit, never borrow more than you can afford to repay.
1．How do BNPL lenders earn profits according to the text?
A．They force borrowers to pay their debts.
B．They require payment for retailers’ services.
C．They receive a certain fee from affiliate deals.
D．They charge interest from 18 to 24-year-old users.
2．Why does BNPL become more and more popular?
A．For strict approval requirements and no interest.
B．For its convenience of shopping with high interest.
C．For buying anything needed without credit problems.
D．For convenient shopping and no strict approval requirements.
3．What problem does the Buy Now Pay Later method have?
A．All the young people can’t repay the debt quickly.
B．It is difficult to know the borrower’s real credit status.
C．More than half of BNPL customers can’t afford the payments.
D．BNPL has to depend on debt collectors to get back the money.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards BNPL?
A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Critical.

【答案】1．C    2．D    3．B    4．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BNPL越来越受欢迎, 以无息信贷的承诺吸引了数百万购物者，但是也存在着潜在的风险。
1．细节理解题。文章第一段“Lenders say they offer a better deal than credit cards, because they do not charge interest but make money from affiliate deals (关联交易) with retailers (零售商). (贷方表示，他们提供的交易比信用卡更好，因为他们不收取利息，而是从与零售商的关联交易中赚钱)”可知，根据文章，BNPL贷款人从联盟交易中收取一定的费用，故选C。
2．细节理解题。文章第二段“Now, BNPLs are growing in popularity and do have upsides — mostly convenient shopping with interest-easy financing and no strict approval requirements.  (现在，BNPL越来越受欢迎，而且确实有好处——大多是购物方便，融资方便，没有严格的审批要求)”可知，BNPL越来越受欢迎是因为方便购物，无严格的审批要求。故选D。
3．细节理解题。文章最后一段“Another worry is that BNPL lenders only perform ‘soft’ searches on a person’s credit report, so do not see the borrower’s true credit status. (另一个担忧是BNPL贷款人只对个人的信用报告进行‘软’搜索，因此看不到借款人的真实信用状况)”可知，BNPL的问题是很难知道借款人的真实信用状况。故选B。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Nobody wants to be pursued by debt collectors. If you do use BNPL credit, never borrow more than you can afford to repay. (没有人愿意被讨债人追杀。如果你确实使用了BNPL信贷，千万不要借款超过你偿还能力)”可知，作者客观介绍了BNPL越来越受欢迎, 以无息信贷的承诺吸引了数百万购物者，但是也存在着潜在的风险。由此推知，作者对BNPL的态度是客观的。故选C。
2.（2022·广西·统考一模）NASA is making preparations to send a crew to the moon who will explore the lunar surface with the hope of constructing a stable habitat. Although the American space agency focuses on just sending astronauts, other companies are looking further into the future for when humans will colonize the natural satellite.
Experts at Money, a company for consumer credit products, released the first-ever moon loan guide that reveals living on the lunar surface would cost $325,067 a month.
“With the Earth becoming increasingly populated and space technology advancing, it won’t be long before lunar living becomes the new normal,” reads the study. The team from Money used various factors to calculate the cost of a house on the moon: raw materials needed to build a house, the special materials needed to build on the moon’s atmosphere, astronauts required to travel to build, and the average cost of transporting materials to the moon.
According to the moon loan guide, the first fully functioning house on the moon would be $48, 454, 063, which is a high price for a home. The price includes adding life-saving details to homes such as air seals, industrial-strength air-conditioners and heaters. “Generating energy is vital when living in such extreme conditions, and therefore the cost of some supplies may force you to consider some alternative options. The most efficient way to generate electricity on the moon is to buy a small nuclear reactor costing S1. 3 million, “Money shares in the study. “Alternatively, 34 solar panels would generate enough electricity to run one house and cost only $23, 616 in comparison.”
The guide also reveals the most ideal locations on the moon, with “Sea of Rains” being considered” the perfect family suburb” — this region sits at the north and is one of the largest impact craters in the Solar System.
5．What’s the purpose of NASA sending a crew to the moon?
A．To encourage companies to release moon loan. B．To colonize the moon alone.
C．To explore the moon for natural resources. D．To build a lasting living place on the moon.
6．Which of the following was not considered when the team estimated the cost of a lunar house?
A．Materials needed to build a house on the moon.
B．The cost of looking for the most ideal location on the moon.
C．Astronauts needed to travel to build a house on the moon.
D．The average cost of transporting materials to the moon.
7．What can we infer from the study?
A．Lunar living won’t take long to become a reality.
B．The first house on the moon will be the most expensive home.
C．You will definitely buy a nuclear reactor to generate electricity on the moon.
D．The perfect location on the moon for living is the largest impact crater in the Solar System.
8．What’s the text mainly about?
A．The first loan guide about living on the moon.
B．The moon-the most ideal living place for humans.
C．NASA will send astronauts to the moon.
D．Living on the moon has become possible.

【答案】5．D    6．B    7．A    8．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。消费信贷产品公司Money的专家发布了首个月球贷款指南，该指南显示，在月球表面生活每月将花费325067美元。文章主要讲述了月球生活所需费用。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“NASA is making preparations to send a crew to the moon who will explore the lunar surface with the hope of constructing a stable habitat.(美国国家航空航天局正在准备向月球派遣宇航员，他们将探索月球表面，希望建立一个稳定的栖息地)”可知，NASA送宇航员去月球的目的是希望在月球上建立一个稳定的居住地。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“The team from Money used various factors to calculate the cost of a house on the moon: raw materials needed to build a house, the special materials needed to build on the moon’s atmosphere, astronauts required to travel to build, and the average cost of transporting materials to the moon.(来自Money的团队使用各种因素来计算在月球上建造房子的成本：建造房子所需的原材料，在月球大气层上建造所需的特殊材料，宇航员需要旅行建造，以及将材料运输到月球的平均成本)”可知，当研究小组估计月球房屋的成本时，“在月球上寻找最理想地点的成本”没有被考虑。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句““With the Earth becoming increasingly populated and space technology advancing, it won’t be long before lunar living becomes the new normal,” reads the study.(该研究称：“随着地球人口越来越多，太空技术不断进步，用不了多久，月球生活就会成为新的常态。”)”可知，月球生活用不了多久就会成为现实。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Experts at Money, a company for consumer credit products, released the first-ever moon loan guide that reveals living on the lunar surface would cost $325,067 a month.(消费信贷产品公司Money的专家发布了首个月球贷款指南，该指南显示，在月球表面生活每月将花费325067美元)”结合后文都在围绕这个信贷指南讲述月球生活费用以及其他内容。故这篇文章主要讲的是第一本关于在月球上生活的贷款指南。故选A。
3.（2022·四川广安·统考一模）With globally famous literary festivals, specialty bookshops and a rich cultural well to draw from, Toronto is a literature lover’s dream.
Here are two festivals. When Word on the Street was first held in Toronto in 1990, it was designed to celebrate Canada’s rich literary culture. Now it’s become the largest festival in the country devoted to books and magazines. It’s free for attendees. Of course, you have to pay if you buy books here. Then, the contemporary-literature-focused Toronto International Festival of Authors (TIFA) will come next month-each October. TIFA Kids takes place at the same time, making for a literary escape for the whole family.
How about specialty bookshops?
Flying Books is a bookstore, book publisher and writing school founded by book editor Martha Sharpe. You can find Sharpe’s selection of titles at The Good Neighbor Espresso Bar and the Gladstone House. Extend your literature experience from home with its virtual classes on criticism, journalism, memoir and more, taught by experienced Canadian authors.
Ben McNally Books (possibly the city’s most beautiful bookstore) is in the east of the Financial District, whose owner is regularly on-site to assist you with recommendations.
Type Books across from green Trinity Bellwoods Park which is the perfect spot to read under the trees is co-owned by a former literature professor and best for general interest.
West end’s Monkey’s Paw, where you can find rare books, and unique finds, specializes in secondhand and ancient books.
Queen Books in Leslieville has an excellent kids’ section where you can buy the latest children’s books.
9．What do we know about Word on the Street?
A．It has grown gradually. B．It is held each October.
C．It charges participants. D．It is of TIFA origin.
10．What can Flying Books help you do?
A．Become a book editor faster. B．Build up a personal library.
C．Get the free books from authors. D．Improve your literary skills online.
11．Which bookstore will you go to find a good place to read after buying books?
A．Queen Books. B．Ben McNally Books. C．Type Books. D．Monkey’s Paw.

【答案】9．A    10．D    11．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多伦多一些特色书店的情况。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When Word on the Street was first held in Toronto in 1990, it was designed to celebrate Canada’s rich literary culture. Now it’s become the largest festival in the country devoted to books and magazines.( 1990年，Word on Street首次在多伦多举办，旨在庆祝加拿大丰富的文学文化。现在它已经成为美国最大的书籍和杂志节日)”可知，Word on the Street是逐渐增长的。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Extend your literature experience from home with its virtual classes on criticism, journalism, memoir and more, taught by experienced Canadian authors.(通过由经验丰富的加拿大作家教授的批评、新闻、回忆录等虚拟课程，扩展您在家中的文学体验)”可知，Flying Books可以在线提高你的文学技能。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Type Books across from green Trinity Bellwoods Park which is the perfect spot to read under the trees is co-owned by a former literature professor and best for general interest.(绿色的Trinity Bellwoods公园对面的Type Books是在树下阅读的最佳地点，由一位前文学教授共同拥有，最适合大众兴趣)”可知，买完书你会去Type Books找个好地方看书。故选C。
4.（2023·重庆·统考模拟预测）Playing sports you enjoy can help you meet recommended activity levels. In a 2012 article, Dr. David Geier claimed playing sports was linked to reduced rates of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and other poor health conditions. A 2012 Melbourne University summary fact sheet claimed playing sports leads to the healthy growth of bones, muscles and connective tissue in children. It also suggested children who play sports tend to remain more physically active as adults and are less likely to smoke or use drugs.
The social benefits of playing sports last well beyond youth. Team sports offer adults of all ages an opportunity for social interaction. A 2009 study by Asztalos Metal, published in the “Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport” found playing sports reduced stress levels among adults while other forms of physical activity did not.
While your chances of ever making it to the professionals are slim, sports can still lead to career opportunities. You can become a coach or official, and with the right education and experience become part of the sports media. Playing sports could be your ticket to a cheaper education, too. The data-compiling website scholarshipstats.com reported that 177,000 student athletes had some or all of their education paid for in the 2021-22 academic year.
Of course, with any physical activity comes the risk of injury. but some sports are definitely more dangerous than others. In a 2011 survey, the non-profit Safe Kids Worldwide reported that over 1.35 million children sustained sports-related injuries bad enough for a trip to an emergency room. Some sports even carry the risk of potentially dangerous physical problems off the field. Most notable are the eating disorders that have developed among gymnasts and other athletes that need to cut weight for competition.
12．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A．Sports help keep active and healthy. B．Sports reduce stress levels.
C．Sports help gain social benefits. D．Sports help recovery from illness.
13．How can students get a cheaper education by playing sports?
A．They are paid to play sports. B．They can achieve scholarship.
C．They’ll be stronger to study better. D．They can graduate earlier.
14．How is the last paragraph different from the above paragraphs?
A．Telling a new advantage. B．Moving to a summary.
C．Writing in a different tone. D．Giving further explanation.
15．Who is the article intended for?
A．Officials. B．Sportsmen. C．Doctors. D．Kids.

【答案】12．A    13．B    14．C    15．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了运动有助于保持活力和健康，同时运动可以有助于青少年社交以及获得更便宜的教育。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Playing sports you enjoy can help you meet recommended activity levels. In a 2012 article, Dr. David Geier claimed playing sports was linked to reduced rates of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and other poor health conditions. A 2012 Melbourne University summary fact sheet claimed playing sports leads to the healthy growth of bones, muscles and connective tissue in children. It also suggested children who play sports tend to remain more physically active as adults and are less likely to smoke or use drugs.(做你喜欢的运动可以帮助你达到推荐的活动量。在2012年的一篇文章中，大卫·盖尔博士声称，运动与降低肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和其他不良健康状况的发病率有关。2012年墨尔本大学的一份概况介绍称，体育运动有助于儿童骨骼、肌肉和结缔组织的健康成长。研究还表明，参加体育运动的儿童成年后往往更活跃，吸烟或吸毒的可能性也更小)”可知，第一段主要告诉我们运动有助于保持活力和健康。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Playing sports could be your ticket to a cheaper education, too. The data-compiling website scholarshipstats.com reported that 177,000 student athletes had some or all of their education paid for in the 2021-22 academic year.(参加体育运动也可能是你获得更便宜教育的门票。数据汇编网站scholarshipstats.com报告称，在2021到22学年，17.7万名学生运动员的部分或全部教育都得到了支付)”可知，学生可以通过获得奖学金，来获得更便宜的教育。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, with any physical activity comes the risk of injury. but some sports are definitely more dangerous than others. In a 2011 survey, the non-profit Safe Kids Worldwide reported that over 1.35 million children sustained sports-related injuries bad enough for a trip to an emergency room. Some sports even carry the risk of potentially dangerous physical problems off the field. Most notable are the eating disorders that have developed among gymnasts and other athletes that need to cut weight for competition.(当然，任何体育活动都有受伤的风险。但有些运动肯定比其他运动更危险。在2011年的一项调查中，非营利组织“全球儿童安全”报告称，超过135万名儿童因运动受伤，严重到需要去急诊室。有些运动甚至会在场外引发潜在的身体问题。最值得注意的是在体操运动员和其他需要减肥的运动员中出现的饮食失调)”可推知，最后一段和上面几段的不同在于是用不同的语气写的，强调了体育运动的危险性。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The social benefits of playing sports last well beyond youth.(从事体育运动的社会效益远远超出了青少年时期)”以及第三段中“While your chances of ever making it to the professionals are slim, sports can still lead to career opportunities.(虽然你成为职业运动员的机会很小，但运动仍然可以带来职业机会)”可推知，文章针对的是孩子。故选D。
5.（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）Although most diets vary according to what foods you can eat, they all follow the same principle of restriction to lose weight—you need to eat less. The now-trendy diet of intuitive eating is, in a sense, an anti-diet: followers are encouraged to base what they eat on how they feel, not on prescribed limits or calorie counts.
The concept was first proposed in the mid-90s by registered dietitians Elyse Resch and Evelyn Tribole, who wrote Intuitive Eating. The first step is to reject the idea that you need to be on a diet to be healthy. You’re encouraged to also give yourself “permission” to eat all foods, to reject the idea of “good” and “bad” foods and to accept your natural body shape. Finally, you help make your body healthier by adding exercise, finding better ways than food to relieve your emotions and slowly shifting to more nutritious food choices.
One of the biggest misunderstandings around intuitive eating is that nutrition goes out the window. Curiously, researches shows that in a traditional diet, caloric restriction is usually followed by a binge(放纵), where the body’s primary drive to make sure it gets enough calories is more important than any desires for nutrition or moderation(自我节制), which leads to disordered eating patterns. However, because intuitive eating allows all foods on the table, practitioners can make small, slow changes that ultimately are more long-lasting-toward eating more nutritionally.
There isn’t strong research to back up claims that intuitive eating helps with losing weight or eating more-nutritious food. However, in Keller’s experience, a registered dietitian in Calgary, intuitive eating can help with overall weight maintenance. In addition, intuitive eaters do gain a healthier attitude toward food, compared to traditional dieters. Keller says, “When people decide to diet, what they actually want is to feel comfortable and confident and healthy in their own body. People have to be ready to overcome their constant desire to lose weight and control their body, and to realize that changing how they look on the outside isn’t going to change those things on the inside. ”
16．What do we know about intuitive eating?
A．It helps followers to lose weight by eating less.
B．It prohibits followers from eating what they like.
C．It encourages eaters to be on a diet to be healthy.
D．It advises eaters to be healthier by exercising more.
17．What does the underlined phrase “goes out the window” mean in the third paragraph?
A．Exports. B．Disappears.
C．Destroys. D．Distributes.
18．What is the Keller’s attitude to intuitive eating?
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
19．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Does intuitive eating beat a conventional diet?
B．How does intuitive eating work?
C．Will intuitive eating help lose more weight?
D．Should we bother to lose weight?

【答案】16．D    17．B    18．A    19．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要提到相对于传统饮食中认为节食可以增加健康，而直觉性饮食鼓励饮食者拒绝“好”和“坏”食物。通过更多的锻炼，进而变得更健康。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The now-trendy diet of intuitive eating is, in a sense, an anti-diet: followers are encouraged to base what they eat on how they feel, not on prescribed limits or calorie counts.”（从某种意义上说，现在流行的直觉饮食是一种反对节食的饮食: 鼓励追随者根据自己的感觉来决定吃什么，而不是根据规定的限制或卡路里计数。）第二段中“The first step is to reject the idea that you need to be on a diet to be healthy. You’re encouraged to also give yourself “permission” to eat all foods, to reject the idea of “good” and “bad” foods and to accept your natural body shape. Finally, you help make your body healthier by adding exercise, finding better ways than food to relieve your emotions and slowly shifting to more nutritious food choices.”（第一步是要拒绝那种认为你需要节食才能保持健康的想法。你也被鼓励给自己吃所有食物的“许可”，拒绝“好”和“坏”食物的想法，并接受你自然的身体形状。最后，通过增加锻炼，找到比食物更好的方法来缓解情绪，慢慢地转向更有营养的食物选择，你的身体会变得更健康。）可知，直觉饮食鼓励饮食者拒绝“好”和“坏”食物的想法，并接受你自然的身体形状根据自己的感觉来决定吃什么，同时通过增加锻炼，进而慢慢地转向更有营养的食物选择，让自己变得更健康。故选D。
17．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词后句中“Curiously, researches shows that in a traditional diet, caloric restriction is usually followed by a binge(放纵), where the body’s primary drive to make sure it gets enough calories is more important than any desires for nutrition or moderation(自我节制), which leads to disordered eating patterns. ”（奇怪的是，研究表明，在传统饮食中，热量限制通常会导致暴饮暴食，在这种情况下，身体获得足够热量的主要驱动力比任何对营养或适度的渴望都更重要，这会导致饮食模式紊乱。）可知，在传统饮食中，热量限制会使得身体对获得足够热量的渴望超过对任何对营养的渴望，最终导致饮食模式紊乱。可推知，对于直觉性饮食而言，其鼓励饮食者拒绝“好”和“坏”食物的想法使得人们误解其可能会使得饮食中的营养缺失，所以划线词此处的和选项B“disappear”的含义“消失”相一致，故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“in Keller’s experience, a registered dietitian in Calgary, intuitive eating can help with overall weight maintenance. In addition, intuitive eaters do gain a healthier attitude toward food, compared to traditional dieters. ”（根据凯勒的经验，他是卡尔加里的一名注册营养师，直觉性饮食可以帮助维持整体体重。此外，与传统的节食者相比，直觉性饮食者对食物的态度更加健康。）可知，Keller认为直觉性饮食可以帮助维持整体体重，且直觉性饮食者对食物的态度更加健康。由此推知，对于直觉饮食他是赞同的。故选A。
19．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Although most diets vary according to what foods you can eat, they all follow the same principle of restriction to lose weight—you need to eat less. The now-trendy diet of intuitive eating is, in a sense, an anti-diet: followers are encouraged to base what they eat on how they feel, not on prescribed limits or calorie counts.”（虽然大多数饮食根据你可以吃什么食物而有所不同，但它们都遵循同样的减肥限制原则——你需要吃得更少。从某种意义上说，现在流行的直觉饮食是一种反对节食的饮食： 鼓励追随者根据自己的感觉来决定吃什么，而不是根据规定的限制或卡路里计数。）第二段中“You’re encouraged to also give yourself “permission” to eat all foods, to reject the idea of “good” and “bad” foods and to accept your natural body shape. Finally, you help make your body healthier by adding exercise, finding better ways than food to relieve your emotions and slowly shifting to more nutritious food choices.”（你也被鼓励给自己吃所有食物的“许可”，拒绝“好”和“坏”食物的想法，并接受你自然的身体形状。最后，通过增加锻炼，找到比食物更好的方法来缓解情绪，慢慢地转向更有营养的食物选择，你的身体会变得更健康。）最后一段中“intuitive eating can help with overall weight maintenance. In addition, intuitive eaters do gain a healthier attitude toward food, compared to traditional dieters. ”（直觉性饮食可以帮助维持整体体重。此外，与传统的节食者相比，直觉性饮食者对食物的态度更加健康。）可知，文章主要提到相对于传统饮食中认为节食可以增加健康，直觉性饮食鼓励饮食者拒绝“好”和“坏”食物。通过更多的锻炼，进而变得更健康。因而本文主要讲述针对直觉性饮食方法的讨论，所以文章的标题可以为“直觉性饮食是否胜过传统饮食？”，故选A。
6.（2023·四川凉山·统考一模）In the social media age, teenagers are sharing more information about themselves on social media sites than ever before.
According to a Common Sense Media research study, more than eight in ten teenagers have visited a social networking site like Facebook, and three out four teenagers now have an account on a social networking site.
However, while social media sites can improve teenagers’ communication abilities, experts say that social networking could be harmful to healthy teenage self-esteem. Health educator and motivational speaker Scott Fried began working with teenagers 22 years ago. He recently developed a new lecture, “Broken-Heartedness and Intimacy in the Age of Social Media,” to discuss with teenagers the differences between their personalities online and their true selves.
“The definition of growing up is bringing together many different parts of your personality,” Fried said. “As you grow, they turn into one whole personality. Now, you have a personality at school, at home, and online. The goal of being a teenager is to bring together all these different parts that are shown online in a complete way.”
Fried uses the phrase “compare and despair” to describe the bad effect of social media / on teenage self-esteem. you compare yourself to someone else, you’re usually going to end up despairing.”
Fried said, “One of the problems with social media is that we throw our best selves out there, or what we like to think of as our best self.”
Psychologist Nadine De Ciordany says that teenagers who already have low self-esteem can get easily depressed and give others their low self-esteem. She thinks social media is causing more and more depression. She adds that parents should educate their children early on social media.
“Teenagers can use a whole lot of resources that affect the way they deal with peer pressure,” De Giordaiiy said, “As the child is growing up, supervise(监督) what it is that they have access to. There is an age that social media is appropriate for and there is an age that isn’t appropriate for.”
20．What does the research find?
A．About 75% of teenagers have a Facebook account.
B．Teenagers like to share opinions with others on social media.
C．Social media users generally have better communication skills.
D．Over 80% of teenagers have access to a social networking site.
21．What does Scott Fried agree with?
A．Teenagers like to compete with others on social media.
B．Teenagers often get rid of their true selves on social media.
C．Teenagers present the same personality in different situations.
D．Teenagers like to show the greatest parts of themselves on social media.
22．What is De Giordany’s suggestion towards using social media?
A．Social media should set a minimum age limit.
B．Teenagers should have right to any social networking sites.
C．Parents should monitor what is accessible to their children.
D．Teenagers should be free to use social media for their problems.
23．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Social media have bad effects on teenagers.
B．More and more teenagers use social media.
C．Social media promote teenagers’ communication skills.
D．Teenagers have better developed their personalities online.

【答案】20．D    21．D    22．C    23．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在社交媒体时代，青少年在社交媒体网站上分享的关于自己的信息比以往任何时候都多，但这些社交媒体会产生一些不良影响。
20．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to a Common Sense Media research study, more than eight in ten teenagers have visited a social networking site like Facebook, and three out four teenagers now have an account on a social networking site(根据一项常识媒体研究，超过80%的青少年访问过像Facebook这样的社交网站，现在四分之三的青少年在社交网站上有账号)”可知，超过80%的青少年会使用社交媒体。故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“One of the problems with social media is that we throw our best selves out there, or what we like to think of as our best self(社交媒体的一个问题是，我们把最好的自己，或者我们喜欢认为的最好的自己，都展示出去了)”可知，Fried认为青少年喜欢在网络上展示自己最好的一面。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As the child is growing up, supervise(监督)what it is that they have access to.(随着孩子的成长，要监督他们能接触到的东西)”可知，De Giordany建议父母要监管孩子能接触到的内容。故选C。
23．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In the social media age, teenagers are sharing more information about themselves on social media sites than ever before(在社交媒体时代，青少年在社交媒体网站上分享的关于自己的信息比以往任何时候都多)”以及第三段“However, while social media sites can improve teenagers’ communication abilities, experts say that social networking could be harmful to healthy teenage self-esteem(然而，尽管社交媒体网站可以提高青少年的沟通能力，但专家表示，社交网络可能会损害青少年健康的自尊)”可知，本文主要介绍了青少年越发喜欢社交媒体，但是社交媒体也会对青少年有不良影响。故选A。
7.（2023·贵州·统考一模）The mountain bongo antelope, one of the world’s most endangered animals, is likely to continue roaming in the wild of Kenya for longer due to intensified efforts to protect it from extinction.
Following 18 years of conservation efforts, staff members from the Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy reached a milestone this year—the first baby mountain bongo born in the wild. One of the world’s most unique animals,the mountain bongo is the largest, heaviest and most colorful of the forest antelopes in Africa. Endemic to equatorial forests and only found in Kenya’s wild, this species has seen a dramatic decline in numbers in the last few decades from an estimated population of 25,000 to less than 100, according to a recent wildlife census in Kenya. Before the beginning of this decline in the 1960s, these critically endangered animals once roamed freely in Kenya’s high-altitude forests of the Aberdares, Mount Elgon and Mount Kenya. Its population decline was primarily human-driven.
To reverse the decline, the Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy has geared up efforts in partnership with the Kenyan government to save the mountain bongo from extinction through a breeding and rewinding program. Robert Aruho, head of Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy,said its aim is to restore Kenya’s heritage species.
“As we speak, the mountain bongo antelope has suffered massive decline and we are left with less than 100 of the species in the wild. What makes this animal special is that it is only found in the wild in Kenya and its decline in this area therefore means its decline in the world,” said Aruho, adding that the animal is believed to be extinct in most of its natural habitats.
“Our program has taken the animals through a series of adaptation measures to enable them to acclimatize to life in the wild as opposed to zoos. This involved getting used to local food and adapting to local parasites and diseases. This has enabled them to breed and produce offspring that are indigenous to this environment.”
With the first phase of adaptation being complete, the conservancy will move to the second phase which entails introducing the antelopes to the wild.
24．What does the underlined word“roaming”in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Declining. B．Wandering.
C．Struggling. D．Decreasing.
25．What can be learned about the mountain bongo antelope?
A．It can be only found in the wild in Kenya.
B．It is unique to the subtropical rainforest.
C．The decline of its population was caused by climate change.
D．It is the largest and most colorful of the forest antelopes in the world.
26．What will the staff members from the program probably do next?
A．They will help the mountain bongo antelope get used to local food.
B．They will assist the mountain bongo antelope in adapting to the local disease.
C．They will put the mountain bongo antelope back to the zoo.
D．They will bring the mountain bongo antelope to the wild environment in Kenya.
27．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．An Endangered Antelope B．The Kenyan Forests
C．Efforts Paying Off D．Harmony with Nature

【答案】24．B    25．A    26．D    27．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是在科学家们的努力下世界上最濒危动物之一山地邦戈羚羊又可以继续在肯尼亚的大草原上悠闲地漫步了。
24．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The mountain bongo antelope, one of the world’s most endangered animals, is likely to continue roaming in the wild of Kenya for longer due to intensified efforts to protect it from extinction.(山地邦戈羚羊是世界上最濒危的动物之一，由于加强了保护其免于灭绝的努力，它可以更长时间的在肯尼亚的大草原上漫步。)”可知，由于科学家们的努力山地邦戈羚羊的数量正在增加，所以可以推测这种羚羊可以继续生活在草原上，B项Wandering意为“漫步，徜徉”，与roaming意思相近。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“One of the world’s most unique animals, the mountain bongo is the largest, heaviest and most colorful of the forest antelopes in Africa. Endemic to equatorial forests and only found in Kenya’s wild(作为世界上最独特的动物之一，山地邦戈是非洲最大、最重、色彩最丰富的森林羚羊。赤道森林特有，仅在肯尼亚野外发现。)”可知A项正确，B项不对，D项不对；根据第二段最后一句“Its population decline was primarily human-driven.(它的数量下降主要是人为因素造成的。)”可知羚羊数量下降的基本原因是人类，所以C项不对。故选A项。
26．推理判断题。根据本文最后一段“With the first phase of adaptation being complete, the conservancy will move to the second phase which entails introducing the antelopes to the wild.(随着第一阶段适应工作的完成，保护区将进入第二阶段，即将羚羊引入野外。)”可知接下来这个项目的工作人员将把山地邦戈羚羊带到肯尼亚的野生环境中。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。文章第一段“The mountain bongo antelope, one of the world’s most endangered animals, is likely to continue roaming in the wild of Kenya for longer due to intensified efforts to protect it from extinction.(山地邦戈羚羊是世界上最濒危的动物之一，由于加强了保护其免于灭绝的努力，它可以更长时间的在肯尼亚的大草原上漫步。)”概括全文，指出由于科学家们的努力，山地邦戈羚羊由恢复了以往的生机，第二段主要讲的是科学家们的努力终于有了回报——迎来了的第一只在野外出生的山地邦戈羚羊宝宝同时对山地邦戈羚羊面临的危险处境进行乐简单介绍；三、四、五和六段讲的是科学家们为保护山地邦戈羚羊所做出的努力。纵观全文可以看到文章主要在围绕着科学家们的努力终于让山地邦戈羚羊恢复生机来展开。C项Efforts Paying Off概括全文内容，作为文章题目最为合适。故选C项。
8.（2023·重庆·统考模拟预测）Let’s face it—most of us can’t resist a cup of tea or coffee sometimes. They’re a perfect pick-me-up and comforter. But there are alternative drinks, so why have we chosen these as our go-to drinks to soothe our busy lives? And which one is superior?
Let’s start with tea-it’s the second most consumed drink in the world. For many-especially the British-having a “cuppa” is a daily practice. The caffeine contained in it helps wake you up in the morning, and throughout the day we’ll make a brew to distract us from our work. And according to some scientists, habitual tea consumption can have some health benefits. Andrew Steptoe, a professor from University College London’s Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, told BBC Food that drinking black tea “may speed up recovery from the daily stresses in life. . . but we do not know what ingredients of tea were responsible for these effects on stress recovery and relaxation”.
Coffee is tea’s ＂trendier＂ rival(对手). Its popularity has grown over the years, and this is reflected in the number of coffee shops we see around-places to hang out, do business or catch up with friends. Coffee can taste great and can be served in many ways, but it’s sometimes how you have it that can be seen as a status symbol or the preserve of hipsters(潮人)I Of course, it gives you a strong caffeine hit-roughly double of that contained in tea. However, too much can lead to anxiety. Sleep scientist Matt Walker told the BBC that caffeine can decrease the amount of restorative deep sleep you have.
But some scientists say drinking coffee-and green tea-can also be good for us. Researchers at Osaka University linked drinking a daily cup of coffee with a lower risk of death among both stroke survivors and healthy people, while drinking seven or more cups of green tea was associated with a lower risk of death among both heart attack and stroke survivors. So, whether we turn to coffee or tea for its taste, its image or as a lifestyle choice, it could be a lifesaver!
28．What does the underlined word “soothe“ in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Change. B．Relieve.
C．Describe. D．Copy-
29．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ____.
A．tea is the most consumed drink in the world
B．the caffeine in tea can cure people of illness
C．tea helps promote our careers and friendship
D．the ingredients of tea help people forget trouble
30．Which of the following may Matt Walker agree with?
A．Too much coffee is not good for sleep.
B．Black tea speeds up recovery from the daily stresses.
C．Coffee is surely more popular than tea.
D．Drinking a daily cup of coffee guarantees a long life.
31．In which section can you read the passage on a magazine website?
A．Technology. B．Entertainment.
C．Business. D．Health.

【答案】28．B    29．D    30．A    31．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了茶和咖啡深受人们喜爱，并简单说明了喝茶或咖啡的好处。
28．词句猜测题。根据第一段前两句“Let’s face it—most of us can’t resist a cup of tea or coffee sometimes.They’re a perfect pick-me-up and comforter(让我们认清现实吧——大多数人有时都无法抗拒一杯茶或咖啡。它们是一种完美的鼓舞和安慰)”可知茶和咖啡有提神、安慰的作用，结合划线单词后的“our busy lives”可知茶和咖啡能缓解我们忙碌的生活，由此可知划线词词义为“缓解”，故选B项。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“Andrew Steptoe, a professor from University College London’s Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, told BBC Food that drinking black tea “may speed up recovery from the daily stresses in life. . . but we do not know what ingredients of tea were responsible for these effects on stress recovery and relaxation”.(伦敦大学学院流行病学和公共卫生学系教授Andrew Steptoe告诉BBC食品频道说，喝红茶“可以加快从日常生活压力中恢复过来……但我们不知道茶中的哪些成分对压力恢复和放松有这些效果。”)”可知，茶里的某些成分有减轻压力、放松的效果，即让人们暂时忘记让他们烦恼的事情。故选D项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“However, too much can lead to anxiety. Sleep scientist Matt Walker told the BBC that caffeine can decrease the amount of restorative deep sleep you have. (然而，过多会导致焦虑。睡眠科学家Matt Walker告诉BBC，咖啡因会减少让人恢复精力的深度睡眠。)”可知过度地饮用咖啡不利于睡眠。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“ Researchers at Osaka University linked drinking a daily cup of coffee with a lower risk of death among both stroke survivors and healthy people, while drinking seven or more cups of green tea was associated with a lower risk of death among both heart attack and stroke survivors. So, whether we turn to coffee or tea for its taste, its image or as a lifestyle choice, it could be a lifesaver!(大阪大学的研究人员发现，在中风幸存者和健康人群中，每天喝一杯咖啡的死亡风险较低，而在心脏病发作和中风幸存者中，喝七杯或更多绿茶的死亡风险较低。所以，无论我们选择咖啡还是茶是因为它的味道、它的形象或作为一种生活方式的选择，它都可能是我们的救命稻草！)”可知这篇文章主要告诉读者喝茶或者咖啡对身体有好处。所以这篇文章取自于杂志的“健康”部分。故选D项。
9.（2022秋·江西赣州·高三校联考期末）Local authorities and firefighters in the United States are always on the lookout for new and creative methods to help control wildfires. Especially during the hot and dry summer months, thousands of wildfires cause damage to forests every year. The city of West Sacramento in North California has found a creative secret weapon to help deal with this phenomenon: goats.
These friendly animals have been assisting the city with wildfire prevention and fire risks by eating weeds, dry grass and dead trees. When the goats eat the things that are likely to catch fire, they prevent the problem from happening.
Wildfires occur naturally when dry plants are ignited(点燃)by the sun’s heat and catch on fire. However, most wildfires are caused by human carelessness, including unattended campfires, cigarettes and other flammable objects. The best strategy to battle the fires and minimize the damage is to attempt to remove the fuel that enables the spread of the flames, in this case the dry weeds, trees and plants. If the things that are most likely to catch fire are gone, the fire is less likely to spread.
The love able goats are able to reach difficult areas that people are not able to access. About 400 of these goats can clear two acres per day. They even fertilize(使肥沃)the area, a natural and free side effect of eating all those dry plants. Firefighters and government officials cannot be happier with the results.
“For us, the combination of turning to goats for help with the quick fire response is an effective method of keeping our neighbors safe from disastrous wildfires,“said assistant Fire Chief Khari Helae.” With climate change and the fact that our vegetation is being affected because of climate change, it’s necessary to focus on our fuel reduction program.”
32．How do goats assist the city in dealing with wildfires?
A．By identifying the fuel in forests. B．By consuming dry plants.
C．By leading firefighters to fire sources. D．By eating up green tree leaves.
33．What can we say about the new method?
A．It is complex but rewarding. B．It causes damage to local land.
C．It is well accepted worldwide. D．It is environmentally-friendly.
34．What can be learned from Khari Helae’s words?
A．He spoke highly of the new method. B．He was dissatisfied with fire responses.
C．He was optimistic about climate change. D．He considered fuel reduction impractical.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Goats Help Keep Wildfires Under Control B．Firefighters Are Being Gradually Replaced
C．Disastrous Wildfires Need to Be Controlled D．Animals Are Fighting Against Climate Change

【答案】32．B    33．D    34．A    35．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国的一个城市找到了一个有助于控制野火的秘密武器——山羊。
32．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The best strategy to battle the fires and minimize the damage is to attempt to remove the fuel that enables the spread of the flames, in this case the dry weeds, trees and plants. If the things that are most likely to catch fire are gone, the fire is less likely to spread.(与火灾作斗争并将损失降至最低的最佳策略是试图移除使火焰蔓延的燃料，在这种情况下是干燥的杂草、树木和植物。如果最容易着火的东西都没有了，火势就不太可能蔓延。)”可知，山羊会吃掉可能会引发火灾的干枯的植物，从而防止野火发生。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据第四段中“They even fertilize(使肥沃)the area, a natural and free side effect of eating all those dry plants.(它们甚至会给该地区施肥，这是食用所有这些干燥植物的自然而免费的副作用。)”可推断，这个方法对环境是有益的。故选D。
34．推理判断题。通读最后一段Khar Helae所说的话“For us, the combination of turning to goats for help with the quick fire response is an effective method of keeping our neighbors safe from disastrous wildfires,(对我们来说，向山羊寻求帮助与快速火灾反应相结合，是保护我们的邻居免受灾难性野火伤害的有效方法，)”可知，Khar Heae认为将依靠山羊控制野火和快速应对野火相结合是一个有效的方法，面对气候变化，人类更应该着眼于减少火源。由此可推断，Khan Helae高度赞扬依靠山羊控制野火这一创新的方式。故选A。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“The city of West Sacramento in North California has found a creative secret weapon to help deal with this phenomenon: goats.(北加州西萨克拉门托市发现了一种创造性的秘密武器来帮助解决这一现象：山羊。)”可知，文章主要介绍了山羊是如何帮助控制野火的。所以“Goats Help Keep Wildfires Under Control(山羊有助于控制野火)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
10.（2022·广东深圳·校考模拟预测）The term“Metaverse”(元宇宙)is the latest buzzword(流行语)to capture the tech industry’s imagination. It enjoys such popularity that Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, has announced recently that he’s changing his company’s name to Meta Platforms Inc. in order to engage in the creative new trend.
This might be the biggest thing to happen to the metaverse since the science fiction writer Neal Stephenson invented the term for his 1992 novel Snow Crash. But Zuckerberg and his team are hardly the only tech giants with ideas on how the metaverse should take shape.
What is the metaverse? Zuckerberg has described it as a “virtual environment” you can go inside of rather than just looking at on a screen. Essentially, it’s a world of interconnected virtual communities where people can meet, work and play, by using virtual reality glasses, smartphone or other devices. The metaverse also could be a game-changer for the work-from-home shift during the COVID-19. Instead of only seeing co-workers on a video call, employees could even join them in a virtual office.
However, Zuckerberg’s support for the metaverse contradicts a central belief of its biggest enthusiasts. They regard the metaverse as online culture’s liberation from tech platforms like Facebook that not only take control of people’s accounts, photos and posts, but also trade off what they collected from that data. “We want to be able to move around the Internet with ease, but we also want to be able to move around the Internet in a way we’re not tracked and monitored, ” said Steve Jang, who focuses on crypto-currency(数字货币)technology.
When it comes to Facebook trying to lead the way into a virtual world, there is a growing concern among some people that it could require even more personal data and cause greater risks for information abuse when the company hasn’t fixed those problems in its current platforms.
36．Why is Zuckerberg changing the name of his company?
A．Because he likes to found the metaverse.
B．Because he intends to get involved in the metaverse.
C．Because he wants to draw public attention.
D．Because he plans to quit his present business.
37．What can people do in the Metaverse?
A．Do everything in the real world.
B．Have meetings in the virtual office.
C．Defeat the pandemic.
D．See co-workers in person.
38．What can be inferred about the central belief of Metaverse fans?
A．The metaverse should be tracked by tech platforms.
B．Tech platforms should possess and trade users’ data.
C．Crypto-currency technology should be monitored.
D．Users should have control over their own data.
39．What is some people’s attitude towards Facebook’s attempt to guide the metaverse?
A．Optimistic.
B．Neutral.
C．Worried.
D．Pessimistic.

【答案】36．B    37．B    38．D    39．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了什么是元宇宙以及元宇宙存在的个人数据安全隐患。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段“It enjoys such popularity that Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, has announced recently that he’s changing his company’s name to Meta Platforms Inc. in order to engage in the creative new trend. (它如此受欢迎，以至于Facebook的首席执行官马克·扎克伯格最近宣布，他将把公司的名字改为元平台公司，以参与这一创造性的新趋势。)”可知，扎克伯格将公司改名为元平台公司，因为他打算参与元宇宙。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据第三段“Zuckerberg has described it as a “virtual environment” you can go inside of rather than just looking at on a screen. Essentially, it’s a world of interconnected virtual communities where people can meet, work and play, by using virtual reality glasses, smartphone or other devices. The metaverse also could be a game-changer for the work-from-home shift during the COVID-19. Instead of only seeing co-workers on a video call, employees could even join them in a virtual office. (扎克伯格将其描述为一个“虚拟环境”，你可以进入其中，而不仅仅是在屏幕上观看。从本质上讲，这是一个相互连接的虚拟社区世界，人们可以通过虚拟现实眼镜、智能手机或其他设备在这里见面、工作和娱乐。元宇宙也可能成为COVID-19期间在家工作的游戏规则改变者。员工们不仅可以通过视频电话与同事们见面，还可以在虚拟办公室中与他们会面。)”可推断，在元宇宙，人们可以在虚拟办公室开会。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, Zuckerberg’s support for the metaverse contradicts a central belief of its biggest enthusiasts. They regard the metaverse as online culture’s liberation from tech platforms like Facebook that not only take control of people’s accounts, photos and posts, but also trade off what they collected from that data. “We want to be able to move around the Internet with ease, but we also want to be able to move around the Internet in a way we’re not tracked and monitored, ” said Steve Jang, who focuses on crypto-currency(数字货币)technology. (然而，扎克伯格对元宇宙的支持与它最大的狂热者的核心信念相矛盾。他们认为元宇宙是网络文化从Facebook等科技平台中解放出来的产物，这些平台不仅控制着人们的账户、照片和帖子，还会对他们从这些数据中收集到的信息进行交易。“我们希望能够轻松地在互联网上移动，但我们也希望能够以一种不被跟踪和监控的方式在互联网上移动，”专注于加密货币技术的史蒂夫·张说。)”可推断，用户应该对自己的数据有控制权。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When it comes to Facebook trying to lead the way into a virtual world, there is a growing concern among some people that it could require even more personal data and cause greater risks for information abuse when the company hasn’t fixed those problems in its current platforms. (当谈到Facebook试图引领人们进入虚拟世界时，一些人越来越担心，在该公司尚未在现有平台上解决这些问题的情况下，它可能需要更多的个人数据，并造成更大的信息滥用风险。)”可推断，对于Facebook试图引导元世界，一些人持担心的态度。故选C。