专题09 时事热点一-2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇 （解析版）

这是一份专题09 时事热点一-2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇 （解析版），共21页。
专题09时事热点一
1.（2022·陕西西安·西安一中校考一模）As a travel journalist who lives in three countries each year — Australia, Ireland, and Thailand — the coronavirus has left me in a spin (手忙脚乱) as I’ve tried to balance my commitments in these three nations with my need to travel for work.
My situation is far from unique. Nowadays, a huge number of people have close family who are scattered across the world, requiring modern forms of transport to connect with their loved ones face-to-face. Suddenly, that option has been removed for many of us. The coronavirus threat has closed down countless air, rail, bus, and boat routes. We can’t go to see our distant family and friends, even if we want to.
In a world which has never been so interconnected, the COVID-19 outbreak has left millions of people feeling an unfamiliar sense of being separated. Our lives changed dramatically.
Loneliness never suited me, even as a child. I longed for human contact. It’s one reason travel became such a powerful influence on me in my early 20s. However, as I ventured to non-English speaking countries on my own,sometimes for up to five weeks, I was forced to become comfortable in my own company, to stop leaning on others. Then as I entered my 30s, and started a travel journalism career that saw me living in three different countries, the meaning of travel shifted for me once more. As much as I still adored the excitement and education it offered, never did I value travel more than, when it reunited me with my family.
Once this crisis eventually recedes, I’ll try never to forget this current moment. I’ll think back to the time when travel was banned, my family were out of reach, and I was isolated and lonely and afraid. Then I’ll smile, and plan my next trip.
1．What does the author think of his situation?
A．Unique. B．Common. C．Awful. D．Worrying.
2．Which statement is right about the author according to the fourth paragraph?
A．His idea of traveling is changing.
B．He chose travel as his career.
C．He is accustomed to loneliness.
D．His interest in travel decreases.
3．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “recedes” in Paragraph 5?
A．Goes on. B．Follows up. C．Fades away. D．Breaks out.
4．What does the author mainly intend to emphasize in this text?
A．A combination of work and travel.
B．Measures to deal with COVID-19.
C．The importance of being connected.
D．The impact of COVID-19 on travel.

【答案】1．B    2．A    3．C    4．D

【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。作为一名旅游记者，作者常年在三个国家——澳大利亚、爱尔兰和泰国走动，但新冠肺炎疫情使他无法旅行，给他的生活和工作都带来了不便。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“As a travel journalist who lives in three countries each year—Australia, Ireland,and Thailand—the coronavirus has left me in a spin (手忙脚乱) as I’ve tried to balance my commitments in these three nations with my need to travel for work. (作为一名旅游记者，我每年生活在三个国家——澳大利亚、爱尔兰和泰国——冠状病毒让我不知所措，因为我一直在努力平衡我在这三个国家的工作与出差之间的关系)”以及第二段第一句“My situation is far from unique. Nowadays, a huge number of people have close family who are scattered across the world, requiring modern forms of transport to connect with their loved ones face-to-face. (我的情况远非个例。如今，大量的人有亲密的家人分散在世界各地，需要现代交通工具来与他们的亲人面对面地联系)”可知，作者的处境很常见，但是他跟许多人一样，工作和生活都受到了疫情的影响。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。由第四段第二句开始“I longed for human contact. It’s one reason travel became such a powerful influence on me in my early 20s. However, as I ventured to non-English speaking countries on my own, sometimes for up to five weeks, I was forced to become comfortable in my own company, to stop leaning on others. Then as I entered my 30s, and started a travel journalism career that saw me living in three different countries, the meaning of travel shifted for me once more. As much as I still adored the excitement and education it offered, never did I value travel more than when it reunited me with my family. (我渴望与人接触。这也是为什么旅行在我20岁出头的时候对我产生了如此巨大的影响。然而，当我独自冒险去非英语国家时，有时长达五个星期，我被迫习惯于独处，不再依赖他人。然后，当我进入30岁，开始了旅行记者的职业生涯，我在三个不同的国家生活过，旅行的意义对我来说再一次改变了。尽管我仍然喜欢旅行带来的刺激和教育，但当旅行让我和家人团聚时，我从来没有这么重视旅行)”可知，作者从小就渴望沟通，但当20多岁时旅行到语言不通的地方时，学会 了习惯于独处。30多岁时的作者，旅行的意义又变了，旅行意味着和家人团聚。由此推知，他的旅行观念正在改变。故选A项。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词处的内容“Once this crisis eventually recedes, I’ll try never to forget this current moment. I’ll think back to the time when travel was banned, my family were out of reach, and I was isolated and lonely and afraid. Then I’ll smile, and plan my next trip. (一旦这场危机最终recedes，我会试着永远不忘记此刻。我会回想起旅行被禁止，我的家人无法联系，我孤零零的、寂寞又恐惧的时光。然后我会微笑，并计划我的下一次旅行)”可知，此处作者对于疫情中的经历会永记在心，根据think back to，可知此处应表达为疫情消失了之后。A.Goes on.(继续)；B. Follows up.(跟踪；坚持完成)；C. Fades away.(逐渐消失)；D. Breaks out (爆发)。划线词与Fades away意思相近。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“As a travel journalist who lives in three countries each year — Australia, Ireland,and Thailand — the coronavirus has left me in a spin (手忙脚乱) as I’ve tried to balance my commitments in these three nations with my need to travel for work. (作为一名旅游记者，我每年生活在三个国家——澳大利亚、爱尔兰和泰国——冠状病毒让我不知所措，因为我一直在努力平衡我我在这三个国家的工作与出差之间的关系)”以及第二段最后两句“The coronavirus threat has closed down countless air, rail, bus, and boat routes. We can’t go to see our distant family and friends, even if we want to. (冠状病毒的威胁已经关闭了无数的航空、铁路、公共汽车和船只航线。我们不能去看望远方的家人和朋友，即使我们想去)”可知，本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎疫情使他无法旅行，给他的生活和工作都带来了不便。由此推知，作者在本文中主要想强调的疫情对旅行的影响。故选D项。
2.（2021·陕西渭南·统考模拟预测）The vaccine (疫苗) news continues to seem very encouraging. Britain started its mass vaccination effort and the U. S. isn’t far behind. But there is still one dark cloud hanging over the vaccines that many people don’t yet understand. The vaccines will be much less effective at preventing death and illness if they are introduced into a population where the coronavirus is still severe-as is now the case in the U.S.
A vaccine is like a fire hose (消防龙头). A vaccine that is 95 percent effective, as Moderna’s and Pfizer’s versions appear to be, is a powerful fire hose. But the size of a fire is still a bigger determinant of how much destruction occurs.
At the current level of infection in the U. S.(about 160,000 confirmed new infections per day), a vaccine that is 95 percent effective — distributed at the expected pace — would still leave a terrible toll (伤亡人数) after it was introduced. Almost 36 million or so Americans have caught the virus, and more than 600,000 have died. This is far worse than the toll in a different situation where the vaccine was only 50 percent effective. However, it’s worth pausing for a moment on this comparison. If the U.S. maintained its current infection rate and Moderna and Pfizer announced that their vaccines were only 50 percent effective, a lot of people would panic.
But the reality we have is actually worse. How could this be? No vaccine can get rid of a pandemic immediately, just as no fire hose can put out a forest fire. While the vaccine is being distributed, the virus continues to do damage.
There is one positive way to look at this: Measures that reduce the virus’s spread — like mask-wearing, social distancing and rapid-result testing — can still have great consequences. They will save many lives in coming months.
5．According to the passage,what is the public’s attitude to the effects of the vaccine?
A．Critical.
B．Optimistic.
C．Worred.
D．Neutral.
6．How does the author mainly present his argument?
A．By giving definitions.
B．By classifying facts.
C．By drawing comparisons.
D．By appealing to emotions.
7．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that ________.
A．fewer people will die if the infection rate is lower
B．the US have controlled the spread of the coronavirus
C．the death toll in the next months will be reduced a lot
D．the vaccines are less effective than expected
8．Which does the author think is a better way to save lives?
A．Improving the effectiveness of the vaccines.
B．Producing a greater variety of vaccines.
C．Looking at the situation in a positive way.
D．Wearing masks and practicing social distancing.

【答案】5．B    6．C    7．A    8．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在疫情的情况下，疫苗并不能有效的阻止新冠的传播，最有效的办法是戴上口罩，保持适当距离。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The vaccine (疫苗) news continues to seem very encouraging. Britain started its mass vaccination effort and the U. S. isn't far behind.(疫苗方面的消息似乎仍然非常鼓舞人心。英国开始大规模接种疫苗，美国也紧随其后)”可推断，大众对疫苗的观点是乐观的。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“At the current level of infection in the U. S. (about 160, 000 confirmed new infections per day), a vaccine that is 95 percent effective — distributed at the expected pace — would still leave a terrible toll (伤亡人数) after it was introduced. Almost 36 million or so Americans have caught the virus, and more than 600,000 have died. This is far worse than the toll in a different situation where the vaccine was only 50 percent effective.(根据美国目前的感染水平（每天约有16万例确诊新感染病例），一种95%有效的疫苗——以预期的速度分发——在推出后仍会造成可怕的死亡。大约3600万美国人感染了这种病毒，超过60万人死亡。这比另一种情况下的死亡人数要糟糕得多，在那种情况下，疫苗的有效率只有50%)”可推断，作者主要通过比较两种疫苗的有效性来阐述他的论点。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Almost 36 million or so Americans have caught the virus, and more than 600,000 have died. This is far worse than the toll in a different situation where the vaccine was only 50 percent effective.(大约3600万美国人感染了这种病毒，超过60万人死亡。这比另一种情况下的死亡人数要糟糕得多，在那种情况下，疫苗的有效率只有50%)”可推断，如果感染率降低，死亡人数就会减少。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“There is one positive way to look at this: Measures that reduce the virus’s spread — like mask-wearing, social distancing and rapid-result testing — can still have great consequences. They will save many lives in coming months. (有一个积极的角度来看待这一点：减少病毒传播的措施——如戴口罩、保持社交距离和快速结果检测——仍然可以产生重大后果。他们将在未来几个月拯救许多生命)”可知，戴口罩、保持社交距离是更好的拯救生命的方法。故选D。
3.（2022·河北邯郸·统考二模）Su Yiming, who made history for China by winning the snowboard men’s slope style silver and the snowboard men’s big air gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, celebrated his 18th birthday on Friday. Su said his birthday wish came true when he won the big air gold. “I had been hoping to win a Winter Olympic gold before turning 18 for years as the most precious gift for my birthday,” he added.
Su was spotted hugging his coach and crying hard after winning the big air gold. “I said ‘I did it’ back then. It has always been a big dream of me and my coach Sato to win the gold at the 2022 Winter Olympics,” Su said. “We have been thinking about it every day for the past four years. Only we know how much we have done and sacrificed for the title, and how many difficulties we had to overcome in order to refine my tricks. That’s why when I finally won the gold he’s the first one I want to share my joy with. I was so excited. We both did it.”
Su began snowboarding when he was four years old. His first snowboard came from his father and Su almost fell in love with the sport immediately.
“I only have one word to describe my feelings for snowboarding. It’s love, deep from my heart,” Su said. “It’s my happiest moment when I stand on the snowboard. No matter how long I train, even for seven or eight hours in a row, it’s a joy to me. The only difference between a professional and an amateur is that I must invest more time and efforts in doing what I love. Love is what has been supporting me all the time.”
“I want to tell teenage snowboarders the most important thing is to chase your love,” Su added. “But you must do it step by step when you try new tricks and make progress when you are completely safe. That’s how you enjoy the fun of snowboarding.”
9．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．Su’s gratitude for his coach.
B．Su’s dream for his birthday.
C．Su’s pride in making history.
D．Su’s excitement after winning.
10．According to Su, which of the following matters most in his success?
A．Time. B．Effort. C．Talent. D．Passion.
11．What is Su’s advice for teenager snowboarders?
A．Dare to dream.
B．Act slowly but surely.
C．Push yourself to the limit.
D．Be aware of your own potential.
12．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary. B．A novel. C．A newspaper. D．A guidebook.

【答案】9．A    10．D    11．B    12．C

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了奥运冠军苏翊鸣的滑雪及取得冠军的经历和心得。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Su was spotted hugging his coach and crying hard after winning the big air gold.(苏被拍到拥抱他的教练，并在赢得金牌后大哭)”以及“That’s why when I finally won the gold he’s the first one I want to share my joy with. I was so excited. We both did it.(这就是为什么当我最终赢得金牌，他是第一个我想分享我的喜悦。我很兴奋。我们都做到了)”可知，苏取得金牌后拥抱教练，并说自己的成功与教练是分不开的。由此可知，苏对教练的指导很感恩，想与他共同分享成功的喜悦。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I want to tell teenage snowboarders the most important thing is to chase your love(我想告诉十几岁的滑雪者，最重要的是追逐你热爱的事情)”可知，对于苏来说，对一件事情的热爱是最重要的。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But you must do it step by step when you try new tricks and make progress when you are completely safe. That’s how you enjoy the fun of snowboarding.(但当你尝试新的技巧时，你必须一步一步来，在完全安全的情况下才能取得进展。这就是你享受滑雪乐趣的方式)”可知，苏对于其他滑雪者的建议是，内心坚定，保证安全的前提下，循序渐进。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Su Yiming, who made history for China by winning the snowboard men’s slope style silver and the snowboard men’s big air gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, celebrated his 18th birthday on Friday.( 在2022年冬奥会上，苏一鸣在单板滑雪男子斜坡风格项目中获得银牌，在单板滑雪男子大型空中动作项目中获得金牌，为中国创造了历史)”可知，文章开篇简单明了地介绍了本文的主人公及取得的成就，然后展开细节。由此推知，文章很可能是来自一份报纸上的新闻报道。故选C。
4.（2022·河南·校联考模拟预测）Engineers from China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp ( CASC ) are known for their achievements such as landing a robot to explore Mars. However, the latest display of their wisdom and knowledge took place on the ground at the Bird’s Nest during the opening ceremony for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. They were tasked with building 11 major components for the 140-minute ceremony.
The “ ice cube (立方) ” , a structure covered by LED screens, was an example of engineers using their knowledge to handle technical challenges. The main body weighed 180 tons and had to be raised gradually during the ceremony, which meant that engineers needed to design a reliable method to lift it. Designers and technicians developed a foldable frame capable of lifting the huge cube in just 43 seconds.
Another visual breakthrough is a ground-based display screen covering 10,100 square meters. They used industrial internet technologies to connect more than 40,000 screens and monitor their working conditions. It is essential that engineers should place four signal transmission lines for the screen to prepare sufficient backup capacity to ensure that it functions properly.
The torches (火把) carried by Chinese athletes during the final legs of the relay in the stadium were developed by researchers who used their knowledge and skills gained from developing rocket engines. The torches can burn among wind up to 28 meters per second. They will not go out during strong rain or in low temperatures. New flag poles in the stadium flying the Chinese national flag and the Olympic flag were also designed and made by space researchers.
There is no doubt that technology from space industry has had an unexpected effect on the performance stage during the opening ceremony. Famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou, director of the opening ceremony, said, “As a crucial technical company, it was responsible for the design and construction work for the performance stage. The designs and equipment provided by this company worked very well and far exceeded our expectations. ”
13．What might be a challenge in lifting the ice cube?
A．Making it more beautiful. B．Protecting the LED screens.
C．Lifting it safely within a short time. D．Using the engineers’ wisdom and skills.
14．What played a major role in keeping the display screen functioning well?
A．Industrial internet technologies. B．Sufficient signal transmission capacity.
C．The area of the display screen. D．A monitor for their working conditions.
15．What do Zhang Yimou’s words mean in the last paragraph?
A．He felt very satisfied with the opening ceremony.
B．He thought it was important to use space technology.
C．He thought little of the contribution of the company.
D．He felt confident in further using modern technology.
16．What is the best title for the text?
A．Using Space Technology in the Beijing Winter Olympics
B．The Breakthrough of Space Technology in China
C．Using Knowledge to Handle Technical Challenges
D．A Wonderful Ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics

【答案】13．C    14．B    15．A    16．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了来自中国航天的研究人员把用于太空的技术运用在北京冬奥会的开幕式中。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The main body weighed 180 tons and had to be raised gradually during the ceremony, which meant that engineers needed to design a reliable method to lift it. Designers and technicians developed a foldable frame capable of lifting the huge cube in just 43 seconds. (主体重180吨，必须在仪式期间逐步提升，这意味着工程师需要设计一种可靠的方法来提升主体。设计师和技术人员开发了一种可折叠的框架，能够在43秒内举起这个巨大的立方体。)”可知，要把巨型的“冰立方”在43秒钟内升起来，研究人员得想出一个万全的办法。从而推知，提升冰块可能会有在短时间内安全起吊的挑战。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It is essential that engineers should place four signal transmission lines for the screen to prepare sufficient backup capacity to ensure that it functions properly. (工程师必须为屏幕放置四条信号传输线，以准备足够的备用容量，确保其正常工作。)”可知，在保持显示屏正常运行方面，足够的信号传输能力起到了主要作用。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中张艺谋所说“As a crucial technical company, it was responsible for the design and construction work for the performance stage. The designs and equipment provided by this company worked very well and far exceeded our expectations. (作为一家关键的技术公司，它负责演出阶段的设计和施工工作。该公司提供的设计和设备非常好，远远超出了我们的预期。)”可知，张艺谋对开幕式感到非常满意。。故选A项。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Engineers from China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp ( CASC ) are known for their achievements such as landing a robot to explore Mars. However, the latest display of their wisdom and knowledge took place on the ground at the Bird’s Nest during the opening ceremony for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. (中国航天科技集团公司（CASC）的工程师以他们的成就而闻名，比如让机器人着陆探索火星。然而，他们的智慧和知识的最新展示是在北京2022年冬奥会开幕式期间在鸟巢的地面上进行的。)”可知，本文主要介绍了来自中国航天的研究人员把用于太空的技术运用在北京冬奥会的开幕式，选项A“在北京冬奥会上使用空间技术”符合文章主题，适合做标题。故选A项。
5.（2022·河南开封·统考一模）Liu Yexi has taken Douyin by storm. As of Nov. 17, the virtual idol, who appeared on the social media platform on Oct. 31, had only released two short videos but attracted over 5 million followers. Different from other virtual idols, Liu is defined as a “virtual beauty vlogger”. In her first video, Liu is doing makeup with an eye brush while dressed in a traditional Chinese costume. When she turns around, the onlookers are terrified, except one boy. Then Liu slightly brushes the boys eyes, allowing him to see the fantasy world in her own eyes.
The internet users were impressed by its storyline, science-fiction elements and special visual effects with cyberpunk style. Liang Zikang, the CEO of the production team, told China Newsweek that the team spent two months making the video.
Lius instant popularity online further reflects that the virtual idol industry in China has been booming. There are over 32,400 virtual idols that have opened accounts on video-sharing platform Bilibili in the past year, seeing a year-on-year rise of 40 percent, Chen Rui, the CEO of Bilibili, said in a speech.
“Compared with real idols and stars, the virtual ones seem to be more approachable for fans,” Shine News noted. Additionally, these virtual web celebrities won't have scandals.
As more young people are fascinated by these virtual figures, their commercial value has been on the rise. Generally, they earn money by endorsements (代言), online concerts, livestreaming and related products. For example, Luo Tianyi, a well-known virtual singer, cooperated with livestreamer Li Jiaqi to promote goods in 2020.
Therefore, some people are wondering whether they will replace real humans. “These so-called virtual idols have real human teams to back them up and control them. They are not really virtual,” Ding Daoshi, an independent analyst in the internet sector, told the Global Times. The real virtual idol will come when artificial intelligence achieves a new level of self-learning and self-training and then interacts with others, he added.
17．Which of the following contributes to the popularity of Liu Yexis video?
A．The video involves sci-fi elements.
B．The video features funny visual effects.
C．The video teaches useful makeup skills.
D．The video tells a traditional Chinese story.
18．Which is an advantage virtual idols have over real idols?
A．They can attract more followers.
B．They have higher commercial value.
C．They can be approached more easily.
D．They are equipped with better talents.
19．What do we know about the current virtual idols according to Ding?
A．They can interact with each other.
B．They will replace human idols soon.
C．They are dependent on human teams.
D．They can learn and train by themselves.
20．Which is the best title for the text?
A．Virtual idols are sweeping the Internet.
B．People raise concern about virtual idols.
C．AI technology has made a new breakthrough.
D．Social media platforms are gaining popularity.

【答案】17．A    18．C    19．C    20．A

【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。虚拟偶像柳夜熙凭借其视频的故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格的特殊视觉效果而在网上的迅速走红，反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展，文章同时剖析了其中的原因，效应以及未来的发展趋势。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The internet users were impressed by its storyline, science-fiction elements and special visual effects with cyberpunk style. (网友们对其故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格的特殊视觉效果印象深刻。)”，第三段“Lius instant popularity online further reflects that the virtual idol industry in China has been booming.  (柳在网上的迅速走红进一步反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展。)”可知，虚拟偶像柳夜熙的视频中的科幻元素，有助于视频的流行。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Compared with real idols and stars, the virtual ones seem to be more approachable for fans,’ Shine News noted.  (‘与真实的偶像和明星相比，虚拟的偶像和明星对粉丝来说似乎更平易近人。’Shine News指出。)”可知，虚拟偶像比真实的偶像更容易接近。故选C项。
19．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“‘These so-called virtual idols have real human teams to back them up and control them. They are not really virtual,’ Ding Daoshi, an independent analyst in the internet sector, told the Global Times. (‘这些所谓的虚拟偶像有真实的人类团队来支持和控制他们。它们并不是真正的虚拟，’互联网领域的独立分析师丁道石告诉《环球时报》。)”可知，根据丁道石的话可知，目前的虚拟偶像其背后有真实的人类团体支持，因此他们的存在依赖于人类团体。故选C项。
20．推理判断题。通读全文，文章以柳夜熙为例，他凭借其视频的故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格的特殊视觉效果而在网上的迅速走红，反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展，文章同时剖析了其中的原因，效应以及未来的发展趋势。Virtual idols are sweeping the Internet.适合当本章标题。故选A项。
6.（2023·重庆·统考模拟预测）Tesla and SpaceX Chief Executive Elon Musk has joined dozens of CEOs of artificial intelligence companies in signing an open letter urging the United Nations to ban the use of AI in weapons before the technology gets out of hand.
The letter was published Monday—the same day the U. N. was to discuss ways to protect civilians from the misuse of automated weapons (自动武器). That meeting, however, has been postponed until November.
“Automated weapons threaten to become the third revolution in warfare,” read the letter, which was also signed by the CEOs of top high-tech companies such as Cafe X Technologies and PlusOne Robotics. “Once this Pandora’s box is opened, it will be hard to close. Therefore we ask the High Contracting Parties to find a way to protect us all from these dangers.”
The letter’s tones echo those in another open letter that Musk-along with more than 3, 000 AI and robotics researchers, signed nearly two years ago. The letter warned of the dangers of artificial intelligence in weapons, which could be used in assassinations (暗杀), overturning nations, and selectively killing a particular ethnic group.
Many nations are already familiar with drone (无人机) warfare, in which human-piloted drones are used instead of putting soldiers on site. Lower costs, as well as the fact that they don’t risk the lives of military personnel, have contributed to their rising popularity. Future capabilities for unmanned aerial vehicles could include autonomous takeoffs and landings, while underwater drones could eventually “swim” in the seas.
AI weapons would take things a step further, removing human involvement entirely, and potentially improving efficiency. But they could also open a whole new box of worms, according to the letter, “lowering the level for going to battle” and creating a global arms race in which horrible technology can be mass-produced and misused. “Artificial intelligence technology has reached a point where the use of such systems is-practically, if not legally-achievable within years, and the risks are high. It will only be a matter of time until they appear on the black market and in the hands of terrorists, dictators or warlords (军阀). ”
21．Why did Elon Musk sign the open letter?
A．To urge UN to ban all the new technology.
B．To protect humans from the potential dangers of AI.
C．To cut down the cost of automated weapons.
D．To ask people to keep curious facing technology.
22．Which of the following is NOT the effect of AI use in weapons?
A．Overthrowing a nation.
B．Selectively killing an ethnic group.
C．Improving efficiency.
D．Risking the lives of military personnel.
23．The underlined sentence “they could also open a whole new box of worms” implies that the use of AI in arms would __.
A．give rise to a lot of threats to the world
B．lower the level of global arms race
C．cut down the mass production of arms
D．decrease the deals on the black market
24．What is the writer’s attitude towards the use of Al in weapons?
A．Indifferent. B．Supportive.
C．Concerned. D．Regretful.

【答案】21．B    22．D    23．A    24．C

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过Elon Musk等人一起签署的一封公开信，谈论了作者对人工智能在武器中使用的担忧。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tesla and SpaceX Chief Executive Elon Musk has joined dozens of CEOs of artificial intelligence companies in signing an open letter urging the United Nations to ban the use of AI in weapons before the technology gets out of hand. (特斯拉和SpaceX的首席执行官Elon Musk与数十家人工智能公司的首席执行官一起签署了一封公开信，敦促联合国在技术失控之前禁止在武器中使用人工智能。)”及第二段中“The letter was published Monday——the same day the U. N. was to discuss ways to protect civilians from the misuse of automated weapons (自动武器). (这封信于周一发表，同一天，联合国将讨论如何保护平民免受自动武器的滥用。)”可知，Elon Musk在公开信上签名是为了保护人类免受人工智能的潜在危险。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The letter warned of the dangers of artificial intelligence in weapons, which could be used in assassinations (暗杀), overturning nations, and selectively killing a particular ethnic group. (这封信警告了人工智能武器的危险，它可能被用于暗杀、颠覆国家，以及选择性地杀害一个特定的种族。)”、第五段中“Lower costs, as well as the fact that they don’t risk the lives of military personnel, have contributed to their rising popularity. (更低的成本，以及它们不冒军事人员生命危险的事实，使它们越来越受欢迎。)”以及第六段中“AI weapons would take things a step further, removing human involvement entirely, and potentially improving efficiency. (人工智能武器将更进一步，完全消除人类的参与，并有可能提高效率。)”可知，人工智能在武器中的使用可能会颠覆国家、选择性地杀害一个特定的种族并有可能提高效率，但不会拿军事人员的生命冒险。故选D项。
23．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“It will only be a matter of time until they appear on the black market and in the hands of terrorists, dictators or warlords (军阀). (它们出现在黑市上，落入恐怖分子、独裁者或军阀手中，只是时间问题。)”说明人工智能武器会给世界带来很多威胁，从而推知划线词句“But they could also open a whole new box of worms, according to the letter, ‘lowering the level for going to battle’ and creating a global arms race in which horrible technology can be mass-produced and misused. (但是，根据信中的说法，they could also open a whole new box of worms，‘降低作战级别’，并造成一场全球军备竞赛，在这场竞赛中，可怕的技术可能会被大规模生产和滥用。)”其中划线部分应为“人工智能武器会给世界带来很多威胁”的意思。故选A项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Artificial intelligence technology has reached a point where the use of such systems is-practically, if not legally-achievable within years, and the risks are high. It will only be a matter of time until they appear on the black market and in the hands of terrorists, dictators or warlords (军阀). (人工智能技术已经达到了这样一种程度，即使在几年内不能在法律上实现，这种系统的使用也几乎是可以实现的，而且风险很高。它们出现在黑市上，落入恐怖分子、独裁者或军阀手中，只是时间问题。)”可知，作者对人工智能在武器中的使用是担忧的。故选C项。
7.（2023·四川南充·统考一模）After serving as a backup crew member for 24 years, Chinese taikonaut Deng Qingming’s dream finally came true—he performed his first space mission onboard the Shenzhou XV spaceship along with two other astronauts on Nov. 29.
Deng is the last one of the country’s first group of 14 astronauts to be sent into space. The name of Deng, 56 years old, was not known by many people until China launched the Shenzhou XIII spaceship in October last year. The story of the veteran (老战士) who relentlessly pursued his space dream despite serving as a backup for years moved many, and for which he was praised as a “hidden hero”.
In 1996, Deng began to take part in the PLA Air Force’s selection of astronaut candidates and was finally selected with another 13 aviators. In the following years, Deng dedicated almost all of his time to training and has spared no efforts to strive for an opportunity to fly into space. He was a backup crew member for the Shenzhou IX, X and XI, XII missions.
“Being a backup doesn’t mean you don’t need to work. I must watch closely in the control center and offer all I know about the mission and the spacecraft in case of emergency,” Deng said during a previous interview. “Only when the crew returns to Earth will my mission be complete”.
When training for Shenzhou XI mission carried out in 2016, Deng was confined in a spacecraft simulator no bigger than 10 square meters for 33days. They had no showers and endured loud noise and piercing light as they tried to sleep.
No matter how difficult the road to space flight is, Deng never once thought of giving up. He was awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in 2018.
“Be it a crew or a backup, it is the job. And the success of the mission comes before my personal wishes,” Deng once said.
25．What can we know about Deng Qingming?
A．He belongs to the latest group of China’s astronauts.
B．He will perform his first space mission onboard alone.
C．His story wasn’t revealed to the public until last year.
D．He was a backup crew member for no more than 20 years.
26．What did Deng need to do as a backup?
A．Test the spacecraft simulator and record the reaction.
B．Give orders in the control center in case of emergency.
C．Monitor astronauts’ training for on-coming space missions.
D．Keep an eye on the on-going mission and provide assistance.
27．Which words can best describe Deng?
A．Determined and devoted. B．Creative and ambitious.
C．Talented and distinguished. D．Hardworking and honest.
28．What is the best title for the text?
A．China’s Space Exploration Plan of This Year.
B．Stay-at-home Taikonaut’s Dream Coming True.
C．China’s Space Dream Deeply Rooted in Taikonauts.
D．Shenzhou XV Spaceship Carrying Astronauts into Space.

【答案】25．C    26．D    27．A    28．B

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍一名做了24年的后备宇航员邓清明，终于实现了他的梦想。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The name of Deng, 56 years old, was not known by many people until China launched the Shenzhou XIII spaceship in October last year.(在去年10月中国发射神舟十三号飞船之前，56岁的邓清明的名字并不为很多人所知)”可知，邓清明的故事直到去年才向公众披露。故选C项。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中““Being a backup doesn’t mean you don’t need to work.  I must watch closely in the control center and offer all I know about the mission and the spacecraft in case of emergency,” Deng said during a previous interview. “Only when the crew returns to Earth will my mission be complete”.(“做后备宇航员并不意味着你不需要工作。我必须在控制中心密切监视，并提供我所知道的关于任务和飞船的一切，以防万一，”邓清明在之前的采访中说。“只有当机组人员返回地球时，我的任务才会完成。”)”可知，邓清明作为后备宇航员，他需要密切关注正在进行的任务并提供协助。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“When training for Shenzhou XI mission carried out in 2016, Deng was confined in a spacecraft simulator no bigger than 10 square meters for 33days.  They had no showers and endured loud noise and piercing light as they tried to sleep.(在2016年执行神舟十一号任务的训练中，邓清明被关在一个不超过10平方米的航天器模拟器中长达33天。他们没有淋浴，在试图入睡时忍受着巨大的噪音和刺眼的光线)”以及倒数第二段中“No matter how difficult the road to space flight is, Deng never once thought of giving up.(无论太空飞行之路多么艰难，邓清明从未想过放弃)”可知，无论条件多么艰苦，邓清明都能坚持下去，他是有决心的，再根据最后一段““Be it a crew or a backup, it is the job.  And the success of the mission comes before my personal wishes,” Deng once said.(邓清明曾说：“无论是机组人员还是后备人员，这都是我的工作。这次任务的成功比我个人的愿望更重要。”)”可知，邓清明是一位乐于奉献的人，所以决心和奉献形容邓清明最恰当。故选A项。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“After serving as a backup crew member for 24 years, Chinese taikonaut Deng Qingming’s dream finally came true—he performed his first space mission onboard the Shenzhou XV spaceship along with two other astronauts on Nov. 29.(在做了24年的后备宇航员后，中国宇航员邓清明的梦想终于实现了——11月29日，他与另外两名宇航员一起在神舟十五号飞船上执行了他的第一次太空任务)”可知，本文主要讲述了做了24年的后备宇航员邓清明，终于梦想成真，所以B项“Stay-at-home Taikonaut’s Dream Coming True.(后备航天员梦想成真)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
8.（2022·河北衡水·统考三模）Bike sharing have become popular words in cities from Cape Town to Shanghai to Melbourne. Planners, politicians and media keep showing off their benefits: reducing pollution, congestion, travel costs and oil dependence, while improving public health. Bike sharing also helps make cities appear modern, dynamic and world-wide—qualities much sought after by the creative class.
But what makes for a successful public bike-sharing program? This is an important question because installing one requires significant public and private investment and adjustment to the built environment.
While many programs have been launched among much praise, often their popularity has soon declined. Many end up operating at a financial loss and depend on other profitable enterprises to cross-subsidize(交叉补贴) them. Some have resulted in thrown-away bikes becoming an eyesore.
Understanding which factors enhance or stop public bike sharing is critical in helping cities decide whether such a program is workable, before considering what design and sitting will work best.
Drawing on current knowledge, we discuss the importance of the local landscape, climate, cycling infrastructure (基础设施) and land use. We also touch on other factors, such as the legal environment and the characteristics of the bike-sharing program itself.
Take natural environment for example. Two natural environment factors are known to affect participation: hilliness and weather. Hilliness discourages balanced bike-sharing use, as users avoid returning bicycles to stations on hilltops. Those stations end up being empty, while stations on flat areas are often full, so users cannot find a station to return their bikes.
As for weather, ideal temperature ranges vary by the climate zone. Case studies show warm and dry weather encourages public bike-sharing use. Rain and strong wind reduce the frequency of trips. However, some approaches, such as providing sheltered, shaded, or even heated or cooled cycling infrastructure, could prove useful.
29．What can we infer about bike sharing from Paragraph 1?
A．It has no disadvantage. B．It is welcomed worldwide.
C．It can solve every problem. D．It is the symbol of modern cities.
30．What is the current situation of bike-sharing programs?
A．Many of them run at a loss. B．Most of them make huge profits.
C．They are the most promising business. D．Their development is determined by public investment.
31．Why does the author mention the natural environment?
A．To show user’s interest in various natural environment.
B．To show the decisive function of natural environment.
C．To show the necessity of bike-sharing programs.
D．To show the significance of some factors.
32．Which of the following might increase bike-sharing use?
A．Hilliness. B．Attractive bikes.
C．Rain and strong wind. D．Perfect cycling infrastructure.

【答案】29．B    30．A    31．D    32．D

【分析】本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了共享自行车目前的状况及其使用影响因素。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容可知，共享自行车在全世界的各大城市的投入使用及优点，可以推断出共享自行车在全世界很受欢迎。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段Many end up operating at a financial loss and depend on other profitable enterprises to cross-subsidize(交叉补贴) them. Some have resulted in thrown-away bikes becoming an eyesore.可知，许多共享自行车项目当前处于亏损当中。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Two natural environment factors are known to affect participation: hilliness and weather.作者提及丘陵和天气两个自然环境对共享自行车的影响，是因为作者要说明一些因素对共享自行车的重要性。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据文章最后三段作者提及共享自行车使用影响因素可知，完善的循环基础设施可能增加共享自行车的使用。故选D。
9.（2022·山东淄博·校联考二模）Online learning is a term used to describe distance courses that are offered over the Internet. The courses cover a wide range of subjects and audiences. This educational method is growing in popularity as an economical method of providing access to education for a large population.
There are two types of online course access: open and restricted. Open access allows actually anyone with an Internet user to view the course material. This type of online learning does not require interaction with an instructor. The material covered can range from very specific instructions to university level courses. This initiative removes the barriers to advanced knowledge and allows anyone with the interest to learn. The other type of online courses are restricted access courses. Restricted access is used to limit the class to registered students. These courses offer instructor interaction and are typically the method used by courses that require grades upon graduation.
It is more efficient for both the educator and the student to access course materials online. From the educator aspect, the course lectures can be recorded once and reused. This greatly reduced the staff time and costs. Meanwhile, online courses allow students to complete coursework from a wide range of locations and remove the time restriction to access course lectures. Students are no longer required to travel to the class and many course materials are included in the fee. The material for online courses has been carefully reviewed and approved before the course is offered. Many introduction and courses do not change, as the material is fixed. As a result, the courses are stable and can be reused as needed.
Technology continues to expand to meet the needs of online students. These tools include mobile audio and video viewers, improved online interactive tests, and tool and course management software. The continued development in this area will further enhance the quality of online courses and encourage more people to further their education.
33．Why is online learning winning more recognition?
A．It is cost-effective. B．It is free to access.
C．No teacher is required. D．Education is getting more important.
34．What do we learn about restricted access?
A．Learners are required to register. B．Learners can learn without evaluation.
C．It is intended for advanced learners only. D．It has no interaction with an instructor.
35．What is paragraph 3 mainly about online courses?
A．The participants. B．The time restrictions.
C．The advantages. D．The ever-changing materials.
36．How does the author feel about the future of online learning?
A．Challenging. B．Critical. C．Worrying. D．Promising.

【答案】33．A    34．A    35．C    36．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了网络课程及其优点。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It is more efficient for both the educator and the student to access course materials online.(对于教育者和学生来说，在线访问课程材料更有效。)”可知，网络学习更具成本效益，所以获得更多的认可。故选A项。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Restricted access is used to limit the class to registered students.(限制访问是用来限制注册学生的班级。)”可知，受限课程的学习者需要注册。故选A项。
35．段落大意题。根据第三段首句“It is more efficient for both the educator and the student to access course materials online.(对于教育者和学生来说，在线访问课程材料更有效。)”可知，在线课程对于教育者和学生都有好处，接着具体讲述了对于双方的好处。故本段主要是讲述在线课程的优势。故选C项。
36．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“The continued development in this area will further enhance the quality of online courses and encourage more people to further their education.(这一领域的持续发展将进一步提高网络课程的质量，鼓励更多的人继续接受教育。)”可知，作者描述了网络课程的优点，技术的持续发展能进一步提高网络课程的质量，鼓励更多的人继续接受教育，所以作者认为网络课程前途光明。故选D项。
10.（2022秋·河南·高三河南省上蔡第一高级中学校联考开学考试）Tetraplegia (四肢瘫痪) patients are prisoners of their own bodies, unable to perform the slightest movement. Researchers have been working for years to develop systems that can help these patients carry out some tasks on their own. “Assistance from robots could help these people recover some of their lost abilities, since the robots can perform tasks in their place.”
Professor Billard carried out a study with Professor José del R.Millan. They have developed a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals sent out by a patient’s brain. No voice control or touch function is needed, patients can move the robot simply with their thoughts. This involved developing an algorithm (运算法则) that could adjust the robot’s movements based only on a patient’s thoughts.
To use the system, all the patient needs to do is to look at the robot. If the robot makes an incorrect move, the patient’s brain will send an “error message” through a clearly identifiable signal, as if the patient is saying “No, not like that.” The robot will then understand that what it’s doing is wrong. The process goes pretty quickly — only three to five attempts are usually needed for the robot to figure out the right response and achieve the patient’s wishes.
“The robot’s AI program can learn rapidly, but you have to tell it when it makes a mistake so that it can correct its behavior,” says Professor Millán. “Developing the detection technology for error signals was one of the biggest technical difficulties we faced.” Iason Batzianoula, the study’s lead author, adds, “What was particularly difficult in our study was linking a patient’s brain activity to the robot's control system — or in other words, ‘translating’ a patient’s brain signals into actions performed by the robot.”
37．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To attract more researchers. B．To introduce the topic of this text.
C．To state the research of tetraplegia. D．To show sympathy for the patients.
38．How do the robots perform their task?
A．By sensing the touch. B．By monitoring computers.
C．By reading people’s thoughts. D．By following voice commands.
39．What did Iason Batzianoula think of the robot’s AI program?
A．Challenging. B．Cost-effective. C．Fruitless. D．Time-consuming.
40．What is the text mainly about?
A．The development of mind-controlled robots. B．The sufferings of the tetraplegia patients.
C．The complexity of the algorithm. D．The promising future of robots.

【答案】37．B    38．C    39．A    40．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了研究人员正在研发一款机器人，它通过接受四肢瘫痪的患者的大脑信号而动作，帮助那些患者完成一些任务，过程中遭遇了技术困难。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Tetraplegia (四肢瘫痪) patients are prisoners of their own bodies, unable to perform the slightest movement. Researchers have been working for years to develop systems that can help these patients carry out some tasks on their own. ‘Assistance from robots could help these people recover some of their lost abilities, since the robots can perform tasks in their place.’ (四肢瘫痪患者是自己身体的囚徒，不能做最轻微的动作。研究人员多年来一直致力于开发能够帮助这些患者自主完成一些任务的系统。‘机器人的帮助可以帮助这些人恢复一些失去的能力，因为机器人可以代替他们执行任务。’)”可知，文章第一段的目的是引出本文的话题“能帮助四肢瘫痪的患者完成一些任务的机器人”。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“They have developed a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals sent out by a patient’s brain. No voice control or touch function is needed, patients can move the robot simply with their thoughts. (他们开发了一种计算机程序，可以利用病人大脑发出的电信号来控制机器人。不需要语音控制或触摸功能，患者只需用意念移动机器人。)”可知，病人通过自己的思维控制机器人的动作，即机器人理解了病人的想法就会做出相应的操作。故选C项。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段Batzianoula说的话“‘Developing the detection technology for error signals was one of the biggest technical difficulties we faced.’ Iason Batzianoula, the study’s lead author,adds, ‘What was particularly difficult in our study was linking a patient’s brain activity to the robot’s control system —or in other words, ‘translating’ a patient’s brain signals into actions performed by the robot.’ (‘开发错误信号检测技术是我们面临的最大技术困难之一。’该研究的主要作者Iason Batzianoula补充说：“在我们的研究中，特别困难的是将患者的大脑活动与机器人的控制系统联系起来，换句话说，将患者的大脑信号‘翻译’成机器人执行的动作。’)”可知，Iason Batzianoula认为这款机器人的人工智能程序的开发富于挑战性。故选A项。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，尤其是第一段第二句开始“Researchers have been working for years to develop systems that can help these patients carry out some tasks on their own. ‘Assistance from robots could help these people recover some of their lost abilities, since the robots can perform tasks in their place.’ (研究人员多年来一直致力于开发能够帮助这些患者自主完成一些任务的系统。‘机器人的援助可以帮助这些人恢复一些失去的能力，因为机器人可以代替他们执行任务。’)”可知，文本主要讲述了正在研发的一款机器人，四肢瘫痪的病人可以用大脑控制它，它能理解瘫痪病人的思维，并做出相应的回应。故选A项。