Unit 1 Laugh out Loud!Language points课件-2022-2023学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

1. Japanese people are the most self-critical,… 日本人是最自我批判的……self-critical adj. critical of oneself and one's faults and weaknesses 自我批判的be ~ (of sb./sth.) 对……批判/ 挑剔eg Tom's parents were highly critical of the school.  汤姆的父母对学校提出了强烈的批评。critical adj. 批评的，批判的，挑剔的be ~ (to sb./sth.) 对……重要eg Your decision is critical to our future.  你的决定对我们的将来至关重要。critically adv. 批评性地，挑剔地criticism n. 批评；考证；苛求critic n. 批评家，评论家；爱挑剔的人criticize v. 批评；评论；苛求2. Each "like" boosts my confidence. 照片的每个“赞”都会增强我的自信。boost v. help or encourage (something) to increase or improve 促进，推动n. help; encouragement  帮助，鼓励，鼓舞boost one’s confidence/ morale 增加某人的信心/ 士气boost up 增强；向上推give sb a boost 给某人鼓励；托某人一把get/ receive a boost 受到鼓舞eg The win boosted the team's confidence. 这一场胜利增加了球队的信心。This is a new start and it will need some time to boost up its business.这是一个新的开始，它将需要一些时间来增强其业务。It did give me a boost to win such a big event.赢得如此重大的一场比赛确实使我士气大振。【语境应用】单句语法填空。1) If you boost him ______, he can just reach the top of the shelf.2) After lay-offs at the company, employees need _______ boost in morale.3) This has acted like a tax cut, __________ (boost) real incomes and profits.4) A cool shower wakes up the body and _______ (boost) circulation.upaboostingboosts3. Obsessive online photo editing indicates a lack of self-confidence and a desire for attention. 沉迷于修饰上传网络的照片，其实是缺乏自信和渴望关注的表现。a lack of : not having any or enough of something you need 缺乏lack vi.& vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺的东西【搭配】 lack (for) sth. 缺少lack for nothing 应有尽有there is no lack of ... 不缺乏……for/ through lack of ... 因……的缺乏 【拓展】 lacking adj. 缺乏的, 不足的, 没有的be lacking in… 缺乏……v.n.【语境应用】完成句子。1) Mary _________________ (什么都不缺), but she is unwilling to carry out the plan.2) Her only problem is __________________ (缺乏信心).3) If Mike fails _________________________ (不是因为努力不够).4) Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a __________ (缺乏) of confidence in technology. (2019 江苏)lacks for nothinglack of confidencewon’t be for lack of effortlackdesire n.  longing; craving 渴望；欲望 搭配：a desire for sth/ to do sth 渴望得到某物/ 做某事have no desire to do sth 不想做某事(用于强调)v. ① to want something, especially strongly 渴望② To wish or long for 期望(不用于进行时)搭配： desire to do sth 渴望做某 desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事 desire that … (should) do … 渴望…eg Some poor children have a strong desire to have access to free education.一些贫穷的孩子非常渴望能接受免费教育。My parents’ desire is that I (should) make adequate preparations for the interview.我父母的愿望是我能为面试做充分的准备。I have no desire to cause my companion any trouble.我不想给同伴惹麻烦。He desires to live a normal life.他渴望过正常的生活。I desire him to cut out smoking=I desire that he (should) cut out smoking.我想让他戒烟。【注意】当desire作动词后接宾语从句，或作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。口诀记忆后接虚拟语气的宾语从句的动词：一想要 (desire)，一宁愿(prefer)，一坚持(insist，二命令(order, command)，四建议(advise, suggest, propose, recommend)，四要求(demand, require, request, ask)。【语境应用】完成句子。1) I ___________________ (有强烈的渴望) to reach in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window.2) We _________________ (希望检验完) the new robot within one month.3) He had a computer at home, and he desired that the computer ____________________ (做所有的工作) for him.4) I suggest that ______________________ (我们出去吃). had a strong desire desire to test out(should) do all the workwe (should) go out to eat4. People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves. 那些把自己包装成别人的人，只会对自己产生错误的判断。who pretend to be someone为定语从句修饰people，they are not…又是一个定语从句修饰someone，省略了关系词that。【搭配】 pretend (not) to do sth. 假装(不)做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth. 假装已做某事 pretend that… 假装…… pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装是……pretend v. to behave as if something is true when in fact you know it is not, in order to deceive people or for fun 假装，装作eg She’s not really hurt‒ she’s only pretending.她并不是真的受了伤— 她只是在假装。The children pretend to be different animals dancing to the music.孩子们扮成不同的动物，随着音乐起舞。If you pretend to know what you don’t know, you’ll only make a fool of yourself.如果你不懂装懂，你只会让自己出丑。Don’t pretend to be studying; you are holding your book upside down.别假装学习了，你把书都拿倒了。She pretended (that) she was not at home when we rang the bell.我们按门铃时，她假装不在家。【注意】 pretend后接不定式作宾语时，根据不同的语境要求，不定式可以采用一般式、进行式、完成式来表达不同的时间概念。有类似用法的还有happen, appear, seem, claim及be said to do sth等。【语境应用】单句语法填空。1) Several young men pretended _________ (be) policemen, but were caught at last.2) When his father stepped into his room, he pretended ____________ (study).3) He pretended _____________ (fall) asleep to escape being punished.4) He pretended _________ he didn’t mind, but I knew he did.to be to be studying to have fallen that5. That’s why I could never understand my sister, who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.这就是为什么我永远无法理解我姐姐，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。That / This / It is why… 那/ 这就是为什么… (why引导表语从句)eg I had a train to catch. That’s why I left so early.我要赶火车，这就是这早早离开的原因。That/ This/ It is because…那/这是因为……The reason (why) is that … (……的)原因是……eg “ That is because you have done a good thing,” says the prince.王子说：“那都是因为你做了一件善事。”If there are things we do not know, it is because we haven’t learnt them. 有所不知，盖未学也。The reason why we didn’t go was that we were notified too late. 我们没有去的原因是我们得到通知太晚了。【语境应用】完成句子。1) _______________ (那就是……的原因) he is highly thought of in the company.2) ____________________ (……的原因) Tom was late for work this morning was that he was caught in a traffic jam.That’s whyThe reason why6. I only used to have five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts. 我以前只有一条一模一样的裤子和一件一模一样的衬衫。 五件一模一样的衬衫。identical adj. exactly the same, or very similar 完全相同的；非常相似的搭配 ：be identical to / with 与……完全相同be identical in 在……方面完全相同eg We have identical views on this question.我们在这个问题上观点相同。The clone is genetically identical to one of its parents. 克隆体与父母当中的一个在基因上完全一致。identify v. 认出，识别； 确定，发现identity n. 身份；特征one’s real/ true identity 某人的真实身份 an identity card (= ID card)身份证a sense of national/ cultural/ social identity 民族/文化/ 社会认同感【语境应用】单句语法填空。1) The number on the card should be identical _________ the one on the cheque book.2) The sisters were identical _________ appearance and character.3) John was asked _________ (identify) the man who had stolen his wallet.4) The thief used a false ________ (identify) so that he couldn’t be discovered. to/ within to identifyidentity7. I didn't like being reviewed from head to toe. 我不喜欢被人从头到脚的打量。from head to toe: all over one’s body 从头到脚eg She was dressed in red from head to toe. 她从头到脚穿了一身红。from head to foot 从头到脚from beginning to end 从头到尾，自始至终from dawn to dusk 从早到晚from bad to worse 越来越糟，每况愈下from cover to cover 从头到尾(主要指报纸、杂志等，常与动词read连用)from day to day 天天，每天from one… to another 从一个……到另一个……from one… to the other 从(两者中的)一个……到另一个……【语境应用】完成句子。1) He was dressed in white ____________________ (从头到脚).2) The argument was shallow ___________________ (从头到尾).3) His business is going __________________ (每况愈下).4) On the train I read the newspaper ________________ (从头到尾).5) The letter ___________________________ (从一个人转手到另一个人) until everyone had read it. from head to toe/ foot from beginning to end from bad to worse from cover to coverwas passed from one to another8. It plays a part in the image we present to the world, and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence. 外在美在我们呈现给世界的形象中扮演着重要的角色。努力提升你的外表可以给别人留在积极的第一印象，增强你的自信。making an effort: an attempt to do something, especially when this involves a lot of hard work or determination 努力eg I know you don't like her, but please make an effort to be polite. 我知道你不喜欢她，但请尽量礼貌些。make every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事put effort into (doing) sth 努力做某事in an effort to do sth 为了做某事with/ without effort 费力地/毫不费力地【语境应用】单句语法填空。1) If we could all make an effort ________ (keep) this office tidier, it would help.2) She took a deep breath and sat up slowly and _________ great effort.3) let’s try again, only put more effort __________ it this time. to keepwithintoleave an impression on: to make others have a certain opinion about you because of the way you look, speak, and behave 给……留下印象eg How you greet a customer can leave a lasting impression. 招呼顾客的方式将给顾客留下难忘的印象。(1) impression n. 印象，感想make an impression (on sb) (给某人)留下印象give an impression 给人印象get an impression 获得印象(2) impress v. 使印象深刻；使意识到(重要性)impress sb with sth 某物给某人留下深刻印象be impressed with/ by 对……印象深刻 impress wth on sb 使某人意识到某物的重要性(3) impressive adj.令人敬佩的，给人深刻印象的【语境应用】完成句子。1) The first time I saw him, his sense of humour _____________________________ (给我留下很深的印象).2) I __________________________ (对……印象深刻) her serious attitude to academic research.left/ made a deep impression on me was impressed with/ by9. For a long time, this really bothered me. 很长一段时间，我都为此深受困扰。bother v. to make someone feel slightly worried, upset, or concerned (使)苦恼搭配：It bothers sb to do sth / that ……令某人苦恼bother about/ with sth 为某事烦恼bother sb with sth 拿某事烦扰某人bother to do sth/ doing sth 费心做某事n.  ①trouble; inconvenience 麻烦，不便② difficulty 困难eg Does it bother you that she differs with you on that?在那一点上她与你意见不一致，你感到苦恼吗？I don’t want to bother you with my hardship.我不想让你因为我的苦难而操心。I’m sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to the station?对不起打扰一下，请问去车站怎么走？Why bother to go to Italy when there are so many nice places here?这里有这么多好地方，为什么还要费劲去意大利呢？I should have phoned the bakery first and saved myself the bother of going there.我应该事先给面包房打个电话，这样就省得跑一趟了。I don’t want to give you any extra bother.我不想给你添麻烦。【语境应用】完成句子。1) I have always tried my best __________ (保持健康) for both my study and work.2) I don’t think the young man ________ (适合) the important job.3) There’s thick fog outside, so it is not __________________ (适合锻炼).4) Production of the goods must _________________ (符合) the needs of the society.5) It’s no surprise that she’s leafing ‒ she _________________ (从来没有真正融入过). to keep it is fit for fit to take exercise fit in with never really fits in10. What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too! 我真正钦佩她的一点是，她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽，而且更快乐！acknowledge v. to admit or accept that something is true or that a situation exists 承认(某事属实或某情况存在)【搭配】acknowledge that ...　　　承认……acknowledge (doing) sth. 承认(做了)某事acknowledge sth./sb. to be/as ... 承认某事/某人是……It is generally acknowledged that ... ……是大家公认的acknowledge ... as /to be ... 承认某人为……【拓展】acknowledgement n. 承认；致谢；答谢【语境应用】单句语法填空。1) She acknowledged _________(have) been at fault.2) He appreciated her _______________ (acknowledge) of his maturity.3) Lawrence’s novel was rejected at first, but it later came to be acknowledged ___________ a work of genius.havingacknowledgementas