中考英语考点一遍过 考点16 被动语态

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
考点16 被动语态
命题趋势：
动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。
中考考查重点：
1. 被动语态的句型；
2. 被动语态的各种时态形式；
3. 被动语态的用法；
4. 主动语态变被动语态；
5. 主动形式表示被动意义。
被动语态
考向一：被动语态的句型
考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式
考向三：被动语态的用法
考向四：主动语态变被动语态
考向五：主动形式表示被动意义
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Nearly everybdy here___________(knw）when the ld museum___________ (build）.
2. The building can___________(see）frm every part f the city; It ___________(build）
many years ag .
3. Yesterday Tm__________(tell）me that his bike_________(break）last week.
4. The students ___________ ften___________(tell）t take care f their desks and chairs.
5. Nw he___________(be）asked if the meeting__________(hld）next Friday.
6. It is knwn t all that the mn___________(turn）rund the earth.
7. Miss Li ften___________(use）a recrder in her English class. But she___________(nt
use）it tmrrw.
8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits___________(sell）in this shp.
9. English___________(speak）here.
10. The sng___________(like）by us all twenty years ag.
11.___________ the pair f new shes___________(suit）yu?
12. The bttle___________(break）by the cat yesterday.
13. A tall tree___________(can , see）in the picture.
14. The sprts meeting___________(hld）last week.
15. We___________(tell）yesterday that Jane wuld cme back frm Australia.
16. Lk, Mr Smith___________(take）t the statin by Mark in his car.
17. These trees shuld___________(water）after they___________(plant）.
18. The TV set___________(make）in Beijing. It __________(make）last April.
19. Clur TVs___________(sell）in that shp.
20. When the Peple’s Republic f China___________(fund）?
1. 【2020 •黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】—It's reprted that 31 f the brave yung men ________ in a big frest fire in Sichuan.
—I dn't knw wh they are, but I knw wh they are fr.
A. had killedB. killedC. were killed
2.【2020 •黑龙江绥化】The ld lady __________ the hspital in time at last.
A. is taken tB. tk tC. was taken t
3.【2020 •贵州省安顺市】— Krystal, d yu knw hw tea is prduced?
— Yes. When tea leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then ________ fr prcessing.
A. sendB. are sentC. were sent
4. 【2020•黑龙江哈尔滨市】— What language ________ in Canada?
—Bth English and French.
A. is spkenB. speaksC. is speaking
5.【2020 •吉林省】Hw delicius the cake is! It_____________ by my grandmther this mrning.
A. madeB. is madeC. was made
6.【2020 •南通市】As sn as bks ________, the vlunteers psted them t the students in Hpe Primary Schl.
A. are raisedB. were raisedC. raisedD. have raised
7.【2020 •无锡市】The bush fires in Australia ________ after a few mnths, leaving millins f animals dead.
A. were run utB. run utC. were put utD. put ut
8.【2020 •盐城市】It is said that Yancheng-Nantng High-speed Railway in December, 2020.
A. cmpleteB. is cmpletedC. was cmpletedD. will be cmpleted
9.【2020 •扬州市】—Have yu tasted bazza, a mixture f pizza and bazi?
—Sure. Thusands f bazza________ at a bazi factry in Yang zhu each day next mnth.
A. will makeB. makesC. was madeD. will be made
10.【2020 •镇江市】It is reprted that the Tky 2020 Olympics___________ n later than summer 2021.
A. is heldB. will be heldC. will hldD. hld
11.【2020 •江西省】Yu ________ lunch at schl. S yu dn’t have t bring yur wn fd.
A. giveB. will giveC. are givenD. have given
12.【2020 •辽宁丹东】Basketball________ in 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics.
A. playsB. is playedC. was playedD. played
13.【2020 •铁岭葫芦岛】—Mr. Wang is very famus in ur schl.
—That's fr sure. He ________ by reprters tmrrw.
A. interviewsB. interviewedC. is interviewedD. will be interviewed
14.【2020 •青海省】—What d yu knw abut the earthquake happened in the mrning?
—The wunded peple ________ t the hspital in time.
A. are brughtB. were brughtC. will be brught
15.【2020 •天津市】That machine is brken. It ________ tmrrw.
A．repairedB．was repairedC．will repairD．will be repaired
16.【2020 •四川省成都市】Wuchazi Bridge ________ as an Internet-famus place in Chengdu.
A. regardsB. is regardedC. is regarding
17. 【2020 •乐山市】The 24th Winter Olympic Games ____________ in Beijing and Zhangjiaku in 2022.
A. is heldB. will hldC. will be held
18. 【2020 •凉山州】As the mst exciting and traditinal way t shp, street markets __________here and there in China these days.
A. findB. fundC. are fundD. were fund
19. 【2020 •新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】Mst f the earth's surface________ by water.
A. is cveredB. cversC. is grwnD. grws
20. 【2020 •重庆市】Anther bridge ver the Jialing River________last year.
A. buildsB. builtC. is builtD. was built
1. 【2020 •重庆南开中学下学期阶段测试】--- Mm, where is my mdel plane?
--- Oh, it ______ t Jenny yesterday.
A. is lentB. lendsC. was lentD. lent
2. 【2020 •重庆市永川一诊测试题】A new museum______________ in Yngchuan tw years ag, many children can cme here n weekends.
A. buildsB. builtC. was builtD. is built
3. 【2020 •山东省菏泽市曹县二模】These cakes ________ with chclate. Have ne, please.
A. are filledB. fillC. filled
4.【2020•北京市101中学三模】 The students ________many chances t take part in after-class activities every term．
A. giveB. gaveC. are givenD. were given
5. 【2020•安徽省合肥市庐阳区二模】—Why didn’t yu fly t Mscw?
—Because all the flights ________
A. are canceledB. were canceledC. will be canceledD. have been canceled
6.【2020•福建省龙岩市二模】 China's Lng March 5B carrier rcket int space in Hainan Prvince n May 5,2020.
A. sentB. was sentC. was sending
7.【2020•甘肃省张掖市一模】 If yu see the cartn film, yu will _____ laugh.
A. be madeB. be made tC. make tD. make
8.【2020•北京市昌平区二模】A lt f vegetables ________t Wuhan during the 2020 Spring Festival.
A. were sentB. sentC. is sentD. send
9. 【2020•北京市丰台区三模】 Online learning ___________ by mre peple because it's cnvenient.
A. acceptsB. acceptedC. is acceptedD. was accepted
10.【2020•安徽省合肥市二模】T much water ________ in the wrld every day, and we shuld d smething t prtect it.
A. wastesB. wastedC. was wastedD. is wasted
11.【2020•北京市朝阳区中考零模】Tday, cmputers are really helpful. They ______ everywhere.
A. useB. are usedC. usedD. were used句型
构成
例句
肯定句
主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... )
English is spken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。
否定句
主语 + be + nt + 过去分词( + by…)
English isn’ t spken by peple here. 这里的人不说英语。
一般疑问句
Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)?
—Was Tm asked t cme early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗?
—Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/N, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)?
Why was this bridge destryed by the gvernment? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?
时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他
Histry is made by the peple. 历史是人们创造的。
These bks are designed fr children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时
主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他
The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。
The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时
主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他
Yur jb will be kept pen fr yur return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。
When will the wrk be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？
现在进行时
主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他
A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。
Because my car is being repaired, I have t g t wrk by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时
主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他
The hall was being built last year. I’ m nt sure if it is cmpleted. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。
The rad was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。
现在完成时
主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他
He has been sent t wrk in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。
Has the sprts meeting been put ff until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？
过去完成时
主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他
The rm had been brken int befre we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。
A new htel had been built when I gt there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词
主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他
Her temperature shuld be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。
If heated, water can be turned int vapur. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。
用法
例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者
Hw is this wrd prnunced? 这个单词怎么发音？
The bk was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。
强调动作的承受者
Schl will be pened in ur village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。
当动作的执行者是泛指时
He is suspected f rbbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。
表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者
I have been tld many times nt t make nises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
句法修饰的需要
The lecture will be made by Je, wh is a yung musician frm Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态
He was brn in this city. 他出生在这个城市。
It is reprted that he is a prfessr frm New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。
说明
例句
含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表(被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语(人称代词宾格）＂。
The famus prfessr gave tw lectures in English.
→Tw lectures were given (by the famus prfessr) in English.
那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。
They ften ask sme questins after class.
→Sme questins are ften asked (by them) after class.
他们经常在课后问一些问题。
含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词t或r。
The dctr gave me sme gd advice n the prnunciatin.
→I was given sme gd advice n the prnunciatin.
→Sme gd advice was given t me n the prnunciatin.
老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。
含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。
We call him Li Hua.
→He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。
They painted the rm white.
→The rm was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。
【易错警示】
感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号t，即＂be seen/heard/fund/bserved/nticed/made t d sth＂。
They saw her enter the meeting rm just nw.
→She was seen t enter the meeting rm just nw. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。
含有动词短语(作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。
They take gd care f these children.
→These children are taken gd care f.
他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。
We shuld make full use f the gd chance.
→The gd chance shuld be made full use f.
我们应该充分利用这次好机会。
【易错警示】
动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。
情况
例句
说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lck，pen，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。
The clth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.
A freshly baked cake desn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。
表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sund等。
This piece f music sunds gd. 这段音乐听起来不错。
Mncakes taste delicius. 月饼尝起来很美味。
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，wrth等。
The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。
Yur hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
【知识拓展】
常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：
be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lst 迷路
be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着
被动语态记忆口诀
被动语态强调＂宾＂，用 be加上＂过去分＂。
＂be＂要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。
＂行为对象＂作主语，逻辑主语＂by＂来引。
原句若是双宾语，一变＂主＂来一保＂宾＂。
＂间宾＂要把主语变，原来＂直宾＂还是＂宾＂。
＂直宾＂要把主语变，＂间宾＂前加＂t＂最称心。
唯有原＂宾＂是＂复合＂，只有变宾要当心。
原句＂宾补＂变＂主补＂，位置不必挪寸分。
情态动词变＂被动＂，情态加be加过分。
如若＂情态＂后带t，变后有t才弄准。
＂短语动词＂变＂被动＂，相当＂及物＂莫疑心。
不过其后＂介＂或＂副＂，变后还得要承认。