高中英语高考考向03 代词(原卷版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

这是一份高中英语高考考向03 代词(原卷版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题，共19页。

考向03 代词
【命题解读】
 1．近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词上，考查角度有两个：一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别，如：
all, everything 和anything 等的意义差别，it, that 和one 不同的指代功能；二是它们之间语法牲的差异，
如it (代词) 和which (关系代词) 的区别。
2．试题注重了情景干扰，注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂，正确分
析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。 高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进； 加强
语境的真实性和复杂性。 加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。 
【命题预测】
今后高考对代词的考查有所变化，主要考查it和人称代词的用法。这一专题在语法填空和短文改错中重点考查在语境中运用正确的代词。
【名师指导】
英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，代词在语言使用中又极力频繁，所以，代词的用法看似简单，其实不易。建议考生认真对待代词，不可掉以轻心。 首先要从整体上把握代词的知识，如代词种类的划分，了解各类代词的一般用法。更重要的是，根据上面所介绍的高考考查热点，更重点掌握几组易混词，尤其是不定代词间的用法区别。 解题规律如下：
1. 明确指代
在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑：
（1）代词指代的对象是人还是物，与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类；
（2）代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词；
（3）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。
2. 理清逻辑
需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑：
（1）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；
（2）代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。


◆代词的考查要点
代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
一、 人称代词
1. 人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing.
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。
The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he替代)
They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格，故用her替代)
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital. → It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别：
I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him, too.
2. 两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，＂I＂总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
You, she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
【典例示例】
1.（2020·江苏·单项填空）This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for ______.
A.whichever B.whenever C.wherever D.whatever
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。A. whichever无论哪个；B. whenever无论何时；C. wherever无论何地；D. whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知，此处做goes for的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合语境。故选D。
2.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier
than _________who are not.
A. ones B. those C. these D. them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
3. （2018· 新课标卷II· 短文改错）As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I
asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games
would help my brain.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。
4. （2018·新课标卷III·语法填空）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find
68 (they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】此处作find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。
二、 物主代词
1. 注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。
2. one’s own...＝...of one’s own句式的转换。
3.某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
take sb.by the arm，be wounded in the leg
三、 反身代词
1. 反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
2. 反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。
devote oneself to致力于
dress oneself自己穿衣
enjoy oneself过得快活
feel oneself觉得正常
3. 反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for oneself为自己；独立地
of oneself自然地；自动地
by oneself独自地
in oneself本身
【典例示例】
（2018·新课标卷III·短文改错）Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.
【答案】myself改为my/the
【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。
四、 相互代词(each other，one another)
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s，one another’s，作定语。
一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
五、指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。
①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。
Can hard work change a person that much?
考向1 对替代词的考查
1. that(those), one(ones)和it(的替代用法)
代词
用法
it
特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
that
可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones
one
指代前面出现过的那类事物中的＂一个＂，其复数形式为ones
those
指＂the＋名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)＂
—Did you get a ticket?
——你搞到票了吗？
—Yes, I managed to get one.
——是的，我设法搞到了一张。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。
Studying Wendy’s menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。
The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it.
这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。
说明：①one和that都可以用来替代上文中所出现的名词，有时可以互换；但是在下列情况下不可以互换：
只能用that
只能用one
that既可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。
one只能替代可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one
②the ones用来替代上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的好。
Only those(the ones)who had booked in advance were allowed in.只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。
但是，the ones中的ones根据情况可用形容词修饰，而those不可以。
—Which do you want?你想要哪个?
—I’ll have the red ones.我要红色的。
Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
【知识链接】
1. 当替代词one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如：
　　I think my dog’s the fastest (one). 我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。
　　Either (one) will suit me. (这两个当中)哪一个对我都合适。
　　Let’s have another (one). 咱们再来一个吧。
　　She looked at each (one) carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。
　　Which (one) would you like?—That (one) looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。
　　2. 复数形式的ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及 some, any, both, several, dozen, own 等词修饰。如：
　　Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? (不能说：…some ones?)
　　Do you have any new diaries?—We don’t have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼下一本也没有了。(不能说：... any ones? )
　　He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。(不能说：... two ones.)
　　注：如果ones前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如：
　　误：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones
　　正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones
　　在美国英语中，ones不能紧跟在these和those之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用(也不常见)。
　　3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one(s)来替代。如：
　　Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? (不能说：... or tea ones? )
　　但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one(s)替代。如：
　　We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。
【典例示例】
1.（2016·浙江卷）In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _______ in the UK.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在许多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系大不相同。that指代上文的the education system。it指代的是同一种事或物。one是泛指，指代同类中的一个。故选A。
2. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _______ this morning.
A. it　　　　　　　　 B. those C. one D. that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知，此处指上句提到的＂一起交通事故＂，故用one代替。即C项正确。
3. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _______.
A. one B. it C. this D. that
【答案】B
【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意：我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子，但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。
4. Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _______ of McDonald’s.
A. those B. ones C. any D. all
【答案】A
【解析】those=the ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonald’s修饰，符合语境。ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。句意：研究一下Wendy餐馆的菜单，我发现其中许多与麦当劳的菜单项目非常相似。
考向2 对both，all，either，any，neither，none 的考查
【典例示例】
1. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _______ contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none C. either D. neither
【答案】D
【解析】all全部；none没有一个；either两个中任何一个；两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究小组在调査的基础上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的建议。故选D。
2.—When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
—_______. I’ll be in all day.
A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either
【答案】D
【解析】句意：＂我什么时候打电话过来？早晨还是下午？＂＂都可以，我一直都在。＂根据句意可知是在＂早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择＂。A、B通常都表示三者或者三者以上的情况，neither表示两者都不。故D正确。
3. Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _______ of her enthusiasm for life.
A. no one B. neither C .none D. all
【答案】C
【解析】no one没有人；neither表示否定两者，题干没有两者提示，因此不选；表示三者以上的否定意用none。句意：罗斯玛丽这么多年遭受了严重疾病所带来的痛苦，但是她一点也没有丧失对生活的热情。
4. My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______ was available from that shop.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
【答案】B
【解析】这里要注意是在那家店里没有买到，就是说店里的任何一块表都不可用的，有一个特定的范围，用none。nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调＂没有一个＂；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。句意：我哥哥想买一块好表，但是在那家店里没有合适的。
考向3 对 another，the other，other，others，the others 的考查
代词
用法
other
不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
the other
the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的＂另一个＂；也可修饰名词，表示
＂另外的……＂
another
单独使用或修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指＂另一，再一＂；泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的＂另一个＂。另外another后可接＂基数词/few＋复数名词＂形式，表示＂另外的……(多少)＂
others
单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为＂其他的人或事物＂，常与some一起出现
the others
意为＂剩余的一些＂
His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.
他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生，一个是护士。
When Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects with them.
当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，他们带着自己的方言。
You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse，another is a teacher and still another is a worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。
We need another few chairs.我们还需要几把椅子。
【典例示例】
1. （2018·新课标卷I· 短文改错）The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.
【答案】another改为other
【解析】他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。
2. —Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?
—_______ one?
A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More
【答案】C
【解析】another 与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面，如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用时，数词放在它们的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每一个，含义与all接近。因此选C。句意：＂亲爱的，可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？＂＂还要吃一块？＂
3. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _______.
A. the other B. other C. the others D. another
【答案】D
【解析】两者中另一个用＂the other＂。不定数目(两个以上)中的另一个用＂another＂句意：为了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，又要了一杯。
4. You are the team star! Working with _______ is really your cup of tea.
A. both B. either C. others D. the other
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你是球队明星！与他人合作必定是你的拿手好戏。习语＂one’s cup of tea＂意为＂the type of thing or person that you like＂。
5. Neither side is prepared to talk to _______ unless we can smooth thing over between them.
A. others B. the other C. another D. one other
【答案】B
【解析】neither含有＂两者都不＂之意，一方对应另一方，故用the other指＂两者中的另一个＂。句意：除非我们能够清除他们之间的障碍，否则双方没有一方愿意同另一方谈话。
考向4 对 it的考查
it作为代词用法非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。
一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。
1. 指动物和植物。
☞ Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。
2. 指代无生命的东西。
☞ This is my watch. It’s made in Switzerland. 这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。
3. 代替上文提到过的整个事情。
☞ Well, you mustn’t play on the road. It’s dangerous! 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！
二、用于指代人
1. 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。
☞ —Who is knocking at the door? ——谁在敲门？
—It’s me. ——是我。
2. 指说话者心目中的那个人。
☞ —Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? ——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？
—It may be the headmaster. ——可能是校长。
3. 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。
☞ —Who’s that? ——那人是谁？
—Is it Helen? ——是海伦吗？
—Yes, I think you’re right. It’s Helen. ——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。
三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等
1. 表示时间。
☞ —What’s the date? ——今天是几月几日？
—It’s the third of March. ——今天是3月3日。
2. 表示距离。
☞ It’s only five minutes’ walk from here. 离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。
3. 表示自然现象。
☞ It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。
4. 表示环境、形势等。
☞ If it’s convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。
四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句
1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain...) that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语
从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定……）＂。
☞ It is very clear that he doesn’t like it.＝That he doesn’t like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。
2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...) that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语
是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
☞ It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。
3. It is time (about time，high time) that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语
动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省略，常译为＂是（正是）……的
时候了＂。
☞ It is time that children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。
4. It is the first (second...) time that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，
由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后
面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为＂是第一（二）……
次做……＂。
☞ It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。
5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should＋动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
☞ It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
☞ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
6. It happens (seems，looks，appears) that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，
seem等词是不及物动词。
☞ It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。
7. It be＋adj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid...) of sb＋to do sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定
式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑
主语的）。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，
kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：
sb is＋adj.＋to do sth
☞ It is kind of you to say so.＝You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太善良了。
8. It be＋adj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑
主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修饰
动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，
dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。
☞ It is important for her to come to the party.＝It is important that she (should) come to the party.
对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。
9. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人……时间
☞ It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。
10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人……钱
☞ It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。
11. It’s up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做……
☞ It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。
12. It’s useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth
该句型常译为＂做……是徒然的/没有益处的＂，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(＝not any use)，no good(＝not any good)等。
☞ It’s no use arguing with her. 跟她争论没有用。
五、作形式宾语
1. 用于 ＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂ 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语
从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
☞ I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。
☞ I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教学是我的责任。
☞ I make it a rule that I read English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
2. 用于＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＂句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。
①appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。
☞ I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我认为你会很快离开上海。
☞ The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident. 报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。
☞ We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。
②answer for(承担……的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。
☞ I am counting on it that you will come. 我期待你会来。
六、it构成强调句
1. 强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。
☞ It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
☞ It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
☞ It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为＂It is/was not until...that...＂在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。
☞ He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
☞ I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
4. 如何识别强调句型
强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其他句型去掉it is/was和that后，句意不完整。
☞ It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。（强调句型）
☞ It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。（it作形式主语）
【典例示例】
1.（2018年·浙江卷·语法填空）Many westerners 57 who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。
2. I’m afraid you can’t _______ to the village in an hour; you must allow for the icy road.
A. get it B. take it C. leave it D. make it
【答案】D
【解析】句意:恐怕你不能在一小时后到达那个村庄；你必须考虑到路面结冰。get it弄明白；take it认为；leave it把它遗留在某地；make it及时抵达，成功。
3. —Alice, turn off the light and lock the door before you leave.
—_______.
A. Got it B. Made it C. Heard it D. Taken it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：＂爱丽丝，离开之前把灯关掉，把门锁好。＂ ＂知道了。＂got it知道，明白；made it约定时间，做成某事。故选A。
4. —Mom. I came first in the National Basic Skill Competition.
—Well done! _______.
A. Keep it up B. Take it easy C. Catch it D. Hold it.
【答案】A
【解析】keep it up＂继续努力；再接再厉＂，符合题意。take it easy别着急；放松；catch it受罚；受责罚；hold it稍等；别动。句意：＂妈妈，我在国家基本技能大赛上得了第一名。＂＂做得太棒了！要再接再厉＂


【检测过关】
1. It is believed________ children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning.
A. why B. that C. how D. when
2. To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then of his colleagues.
A. one B. ones
C. that D. those
3. Though a farmer, Zhu zhiwen has became a huge success as a singer, whose story is really ________ of great inspiration.
A. everything B. nothing C. the one D. one
4. The meal itself was not so good—______ was boringly brown including vegetables.
A. nothing B. everything
C. anything D. something
5. The company and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market.
A. it B. which
C. that D. what
6. Come off it! Oversleeping is as lame an excuse as other.
A. one B. each
C. some D. any
7. ________ who are able to work through the struggle are the ________ who are going to be successful.
A. Someone; one B. Anyone; one
C. He; ones D. Those; ones
8. —Which do you prefer, the former option or the latter one?
—I think the former one is no better than the latter one. So I’ll choose ________.
A. the former one B. the latter one
C. either of them D. neither of them
9. If you go to buy the top best-selling CD, please get ______ for me.
A. one B. it
C. this D. that
10. The company began to produce silk underwear last year, most of ________ imported to Europe.
A. it B. them C. that D. which
11. Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than _____ produced by a car.
A. that B. it
C. one D. the one
12. Never shall I forget that poem and the inspiration provided for my first novel.
A. which B. that
C. it D. what
13. _______child will find his own personal road to success.
A. Each B. The other
C. Either D. Another
14. The education system in China is very different from ________ in the USA.
A. one B. it
C. those D. that
15. A lot of suggestions were put forward at the meeting, but ______ was practical.
A. nothing B. none
C. neither D. no one
16. During each NBA season, basketball fans cheer on their favorite teams to make _______ through.
A. it B. them
C. that D. those
17. All we have is 24 precious hours a day and therefore we shall waste ______
A. nothing
B. none
C. neither
D. no one
18. Try to be independent, for your parents can't do ________ for you all your life.
A. something B. nothing
C. everything D. anything
19. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and _________before you leave.
A. something B. anything
C. everything D. nothing
20. Mr. Zhang gave all textbooks to all the pupils, except ____________ who had already taken them.
A. these B. ones
C. those D. the others
21. —What's wrong with him? He seemed upset.
—He had to give up his drawing, not because he wanted ________ that way but because he had to be.
A. this B. one
C. it D. such
22. Varieties of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose________ to start with.
A. it B. that C. each D. one
23. worries the public that air pollution is becoming more and more serious these days.
A. It B. That C. What D. This
24. —Do you ________ ready for the spring outing?
—No,I still have to buy some fruit.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
25. Watch out !_________caught smoking here will be fined.
A. Whoever B. No matter who C. Anyone D. Who
26. Don’t __ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.
A. take as granted B. take this for granted
C. take that for granted D. take it for granted
27. Cars do cause us some health problems—in fact far more serious _____than mobile phones do.
A. one B. ones
C. it D. those
28. I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher
than in the city.
A. ones B. one C. that D. those
29. The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.
A. that B. one
C. it D. this
30. （2014·全国大纲卷）I think Mrs. Stark could be _______ between 50 and 60 years of age.
A. anywhere B. anybody
C. anyhow D. anything
31. ----It is freezing cold. You can’t cross the river to the other bank.
-----All right.I guess I can make ___.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
32. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ______didn't help.
A. he B. which C. it D. one
33. Google has not kept the written promise ________ made when entering the Chinese market by not checking its searches.
A. one B. this C. that D. it
34. Swimming is my favorite sport. There is ________ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
A. something B. anything
C. nothing D. everything
35. ---Has anybody decided to enter for the competition?
---Two have shown interest, but___________ has filled in the application form.
A. either B. neither C. none D. both
36. bought three DVD copies of the film Avatar and now _ is left. Somebody just borrows something and never returns.
A. none B. nothing C. either D. neither
37. We had a party last month and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have _____ one this month.
A. other B. more C. theother D. another
38. People expect Shanghai Disneyland Park to offer better service than ________ of Tokyo’s.
A. this B. it C. one D. that
39. Passion is passion and it doesn't matter ________ it's directed. Exactly，it can be coins or sports or politics.
A. why B. how
C. whether D. where
40. It’s hard for elderly people to see ______ convenience a smart phone can bring to us.
A. what B. which C. whose D. how
41. The Oxford English Dictionary is necessary for learning English，so you'd better buy __________.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
42. The use of computers has made ______ possible for more people to work at home.
A. it B. that C. which D. what
43. The Oxford English Dictionary is necessary for learning English, so you'd better buy ___.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
44. “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, ______________ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.
A. the one that B. one that
C. one D. the one
45. It really matters _______ he treated the latest failure, for the examination is around the corner.
A. if B. that
C. why D. how