高中英语高考考向21 阅读理解之细节理解题(原卷版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

这是一份高中英语高考考向21 阅读理解之细节理解题(原卷版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题，共20页。试卷主要包含了特殊疑问句形式， 以是非题的形式， 以填空题的形式，如， 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问， =address等内容，欢迎下载使用。

细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, nt true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以Accrding t… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）T avid attracting muntain lins, peple are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence f the passage authr means that________.
（3）It seems that nw a cuntry’s ecnmy depends much n________.
（4）If yu are interested in knwing abut what peple’s life will be, yu may visit________.
（5）The plicemen were tld “t lk the ther way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) s that________ .
（6）The pliceman wh said “Gd evening” t Rlls wanted t________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。
值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：
题型一 描写类细节题
描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。
【典例示例】
【2019·全国卷I，B】Fr Canaan Elementary’s secnd grade in Patchgue, N.Y.，tday is speech day ,and right nw it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-ld is the jker f the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the f kid wh wuld enjy public speaking.
But he’s, nervus.“I’m here t tell yu tday why yu shuld … shuld…”Chris trips n the“-ld,”a. prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thmas Whaley ,is next t him, whispering supprt.“…Vte fr …me …”Except fr sme stumbles, Chris is ding amazingly well. When he brings his speech t a nice cnclusin ,Whaley invites the rest f the class t praise him.
A sn f immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little ver three years ag. Whaley recalls(回想起)hw at the beginning f the year，when called upn t read，Chris wuld excuse himself t g t the bathrm.
Learning English as a secnd language can be a painful experience. What yu need is a great teacher wh lets yu make mistakes. “It takes a lt fr any student，” Whaley explains，“especially fr a student wh is learning English as their new language，t feel cnfident enugh t say，’I dn’t knw，but I want t knw.’”
Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast(夸耀)abut themselves.
“Basting abut yurself，and yur best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult fr a child wh came int the classrm nt feeling cnfident.”
24. What made Chris nervus？
A. Telling a stry.B. Making a speech.
C. Taking a test.D. Answering a questin.
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述Thmas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。
24. B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段tday is speech day和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind f kids wh wuld enjy public speaking. 以及第二段第一句But he’s nervus.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。
题型二 信息寻找题、广告阅读题
信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。
广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。
（1）补全成分法
省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。
（2）联想推测法
在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。
为节省篇幅，特别是在商业广告中，常使用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写词有：
Tel. =telephne number
Ph. =phne Add (r). =address
c. =cmpany Ltd=Limited
Max=maximum Min=minimum
hr=hur t=time
fig=figure ft=ft
ml=mile dz=dzen
Mt=Muntain P=page
prf. =prfessr Dr. =dctr
s=suth n=nrth
w=west Sta=Statin
pp=ppular vs=versus
Xmas=Christmas inf=infrmatin
VIP=very imprtant persns hrs=hurs
aft=after ad=advertisement
p/t=part time exp=experienced
PC=persnal cmputer MA=Master f Arts
BS degree=bachelr’s degree (学士学位)
【典例示例】【2019·北京卷，A】
Want t explre new cultures，meet new peple and d smething wrthwhile at the same time? Yu can d all the three with Glbal Develpment Assciatin(GDA).Whatever stage f life yu’re at，wherever yu g and whatever prject yu d in GDA，yu’ll create psitive changes in a pr and remte cmmunity(社区).
We wrk with vlunteers f all ages and backgrunds. Mst f ur vlunteers are aged 17-24.Nw we need vlunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely imprtant in the safe and effective running f ur prgrammes. We have such rles as prject managers，muntain leaders，and cmmunicatin fficers.
Depending n which rle yu chse，yu culd help t increase a cmmunity’s access t safe drinking water，r help t prtect valuable lcal cultures. Yu might als design an adventure challenge t train yung vlunteers.
Nt nly will yu help ur yung vlunteers t develp persnally，yu’ll als learn new skills and increase yur cultural awareness. Yu may have chances t meet new peple wh’ll becme yur lifelng friends.
This summer we have bth 4-week and 7-week prgrammes:
GDA ensures that vlunteers wrk with cmmunity members and lcal prject partners where ur help is needed. All ur prjects aim t prmte the develpment f pr and remte cmmunities.
There is n ther chance like a GDA prgramme. Jin us as a vlunteer manager t develp yur wn skills while bringing benefits t the cmmunities.
Find ut mre abut jining a GDA prgramme:
Website:wwwgldeve.rg
Email:humanresurces@gldeve.rg
31. What is the main respnsibility f vlunteer managers?
A. T seek lcal partnersB. T take in yung vlunteers
C. T carry ut prgrammesD. T fster cultural awareness
32. The prgramme beginning in August will perate in __________.
A. EgyptB. AlgeriaC. KenyaD. Suth Afria
33. The shared gal f GDA’s prjects t __________.
A. explre new culturesB. prtect the envirnment
C. gain crprate benefitD. help cmmunities in need
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，这是一篇招聘志愿者的广告。
31. C【解析】细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中Depending n which rle yu chse, yu culd help t increase ...,r help t might als design...可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断出其主要职责是执行项目计划。故选C。
32. D【解析】细节理解题。题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。根据这个表格中4-week prgrammes中的最后一个，可知答案选D。
33. D【解析】细节理解题。题干问GDA的所有项目的共同目的是什么。根据倒数第二段中All ur prjects aim t prmte the develpment f pr and remte cmmunities可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的小区。故选D。
题型三 数据计算题
此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。
【典例示例】【2017·北京卷，B】
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What is s special abut TOKNOW magazine?
Well, it has n ads r prmtins inside—
instead it is jam-packed with serius ideas.
TOKNOW makes cmplex ideas attractive and
accessible t children, wh can becme invlved in advanced cncepts and even philsphy（哲学）—and they will sn discver that TOKNOW feels mre like a club than just a magazine.
Sunds t gd t be true?
Take a lk nline—evidence shws that thusands f teachers and parents knw a gd thing when they see it and recmmend TOKNOW t their friends.
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What culd be mre fun than a gift that keeps cming thrugh the letterbx every mnth? The first magazine with yur gift message will arrive in time fr the special day.
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□Annual Subscriptin
Eurpe £55 Rest f Wrld £65
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Includes a Mammth Map, a Passprt Puzzle Bklet, and Subscriptin
Eurpe £60 Rest f Wrld £70
Refund Plicy—the subscriptin can be cancelled within 28 days and yu can get yur mney back.
61. Hw much shuld yu pay if yu make a 12-muth subscriptin t TOKNOW with gift pack frm China?
A. £55. B. £60. C. £65. D. £70.
【文章大意】文章介绍了一本杂志TOKNOW Magazine。
61. D 【解析】数字计算题。根据Annual Subscriptin with Gift Pack中的Includes a Mammth Map, a passprt Puzzle Bklet, and Subscriptin Eurpe £60 Rest f Wrld £70，中国属于Rest f Wrld，故答案为D。
题型四 排序题
这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
题型五 图文转换题
此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。
【典例示例】
The Hme f My Peple
When Lewis and Clark stepped nt the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idah in September 1808, they met the Nez Perce Indians. In the fllwing years, the white explrers（探险者）began t fight with the Indians fr their land. Sme Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U.S. gvernment, selling part f their lands. But the gvernment always brke thse agreements and demanded mre land.
Other chiefs refused t g alng with the gvernment’s plans. The mst famus was Chief Jseph, whse peple lived in the Wallwa Valley（present-day Oregn）.
“In rder t have all peple understand hw much land we wned,” he nce explained, “my father planted ples arund it and said: ‘Inside is the hme f my peple…It circled arund the graves（坟墓）f ur fathers, and we will never give up these graves t any man. ‘”
But in 1874, the U.S. gvernment declared the valley pen fr white settlement and rdered the Nez Perce nt a reservatin（保留地）. Seeing that resistance was useless, Chief Jseph agreed t mve.
Later, fighting brke ut between the Nez Perce and U.S. sldiers. Chief Jseph tried t lead his peple t Canada, winning several battles against the sldiers during their flight. But finally, he was frced t give in.
1. Which histric site （n the map）lies in the suth f tday’s Nez Perce Reservatin?
A. Buffal Eddy. B. Dug Bar.
C. Jseph Canyn Viewpint. D. Chief Lking Glass Camp.
2. What can we learn abut the Nez Perce lands frm the map?
A. They were in the state f Oregn.
B. They have becme a histric site.
C. They have becme much smaller.
D. They were limited t the Wallwa Valley.
【答案与解析】
1. D 此题考查学生的图示理解能力。首先要找到并标出现在Nez Perce Reservatin所在的位置，然后找到它以南的历史景点。可以看到 Chief Lking Glass camp位于Nez Perce Reservatin的南部。
2. C 从地图中我们可以看到， Nez Perce原先所拥有的土地比现在Nez Perce保留区的位置大多了。
题型六 代词指代题
代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【典例示例】
（2016·新课标卷III））On ne f her trips t New Yrk several years ag, Eudra Welty decided t take a cuple f New Yrk friends ut t dinner. They settled in at a cmfrtable East Slide cafe and within minutes, anther custmer was appraching their table.
＂Hey, aren’t yu frm Mississippi?＂ the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. ＂I’m frm Mississippi t.＂
Withut a secnd thught, the wman jined the Welty party. When her dinner partner shwed up, she als pulled up a chair.
＂They began telling me all the news f Mississippi,＂ Welty said. ＂I didn’t knw what my New Yrk friends were thinking.＂
Taxis n a rainy New Yrk night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the grup gt up t leave, it was puring utside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter t find a cab. Heading back dwntwn tward her htel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn f events that had changed their Big Apple dinner int a Mississippi state reunin(团聚).
＂My friends said: ‘Nw we believe yur stries,’＂ Welty added. ＂And I said: ‘Nw yu knw. These are the peple that make me write them.’＂
Sitting n a sfa in her rm, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, lked pleased with this explanatin.
＂I dn’t make them up,＂ she said f the characters in her fictin these last 50 r s years. ＂I dn’t have t.＂
Beauticians, bartenders, pian players and peple with purple hats, Welty’s peple cme frm afternns spent visiting with ld friends, frm walks thrugh the streets f her native Jacksn, Miss., frm cnversatins verheard n a bus. It annys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has nw given ut. Smetimes, sitting n a bus r a train, she hears nly a fragment(片段) f a particularly interesting stry.
26. The underlined wrd ＂them＂ in Paragraph 6 refers t Welty’s _______.
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stries
【文章大意】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。
26.D 【解析】画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据＂Nw we believe yur stries＂可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。
细节理解解题方法
1.把握解题的顺序原则
一般来说隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用采用步步为营法，看一题做一题。
2. 通过定位词寻找出题点
定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。通过定位词解题，就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速的把题干中有标记意义的词或词组划记出来，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。
我们首先要关注的是表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词。如
在找定位词的时候，请同学们注意以下几点：
（1）文章中反复出现的专有名词是全文描述对象的中心，没有唯一出处，所以不能算是定位词。我们如果发现大部分题干中都有这个专有名词的，就应该排除它作为定位词的可能。
（2）大多数时候我们选择的定位词都是名词，因为名词的可替代性相对较低，容易找到唯一出处。但是我们所找的名词要尽量是实体名词，也就是能指代一件具体事物的名词。一般来说，下面两类名词都不可取。
a. 抽象词。如pinin, idea, result, infrmatin, rle, effect, trend, thery等等。
b. 言语词。如statement, argument, cmment, respnse, reactin, enquiry, answer，reasn等等。
（3）并不是所有的我们在题干中找到的定位词在原文中都会对应出现，有些情况下，原文中出现的只是题干定位词的转换形式。在这种情况下，划出定位词并在脑中留下印象也有利于我们在浏览文章是迅速发现文中定位词的对应形式，从而找到题目答案的位置。
3.排除法
排除法是解答阅读理解题的另一个重要的方法。因为有的时候如果是给填空题让我们做，我们也许不能填出正确答案，但是如果给出四个选项让我们选的话，我们可以通过对比排除错误选项。那么怎样通过排除法做题呢
（1）正确选项的特征
正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。
（2）错误选项的特征
a．张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。
b.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。
c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。
d. 把已然说成未然（或把未然说成已然）：本来文中还没有发生的事在选项中变成了已经发生的事，或者反之。
e. 选项与原文事实相反：选项所叙述的内容与原文所提到的完全相反
【检测训练】
1
Independent living at hme is the ideal fr every aging persn. But a fall r ther health-threatening incidents can change everything rapidly.
The wearable “panic buttns” intrduced in the late 1980s were a great advance. But they nly wrk if peple actually wear them and can reach the buttn in an emergency. Tday there are passive wearables that autmatically detect falls, and camera-based systems t mnitr elder safety.
Cming frm a 40-year career in the semicnductr and wireless cmmunicatin field, Rafi Zack decided t find a better alternative. “Peple aren’t devted t wearing small devices 24/7, and camera-based systems are an invasin（侵犯）f privacy,” he pints ut, “The mst challenging aspect is a fall. Hw fast we can detect a fall matters because the medical situatin wrsens quickly. Smetimes peple stay n the flr fr a lng time. We have t find ut hw t slve that prblem.”
Zack is a c-funder, CEO and vice president f R&D at EchCare Technlgies which has develped ECHO (Elderly Care Hme Observer), a clud-cnnected mnitr based n radar technlgy and machine learning.
Because radar sees thrugh walls, ne ECHO unit fixed n the ceiling r wall can mnitr ne persn (r tw persns, in a future versin) in a standard-sized apartment in a senir living facility. The device detects falls, breathing difficulties, drwning in a bathtub and ther dangerus events. It gives ut warnings t ptential health wrsening cnditins by cntinuusly mnitring and analyzing the persn’s lcatin, psture（姿势）, mtin and breath. EchCare tested the device in the United States, Japan, Australia and Israel. ECHO was certified（认证）in 2019 in Japan with the mst aging ppulatin in the wrld.
“Bathrms were the main testing area where abut 17,000 deadly accidents happen annually.” said SMK Directr and Executive Vice President Tetsu Hara. “Bathrm makers, hme security service prviders and nursing hmes are highly interested in EchCare’s slutin.” Zack nted, “As mre and mre elder peple live alne as a result f scial distancing, there is an increased need t mnitr them withut the burden f wearables r privacy-invading cameras.”
1. What’s the advantage f ECHO ver “panic buttns”?
A. It has camera-based systems.B. It has been widely accepted.
C. It can functin withut cameras.D. Its buttns can be easily reached.
2. What can we knw abut ECHO frm paragraph 5?
A. It is designed t send ut warnings regularly.
B. It mnitrs dangerus health-related events.
C. It was certified in many develped cuntries.
D. It detects mre than ne persn at the same time.
3. What can we infer abut the future f ECHO?
A. It’ll becme mre ppular with the elderly.
B. It’ll stp 17,000 deaths happening annually.
C. It’ll be used in nursing hmes and hspitals.
D. It’ll help elderly peple t live an active life.
4. What can be the best title fr the passage?
A. An Advanced Medical Instrument
B. A High-tech Mnitr fr the Elderly
C. The Inventin f a Healthcare Device
D. The Imprvement f a Medical Facility
2
A yung wman was walking in Santa Ana, Califrnia, when she came upn an elderly street vendr (小贩) selling tamales (玉米粉蒸肉). Seeing hw tired he lked in his wheelchair, she decided t give him a few bucks and a sandwich—and she als gave him a sympathetic ear t listen t his stry.
When Kenia Barragan first saw Jse Villa Ocha, she thught f her wn parents. “I felt fr him,” she tld KTTV News, “My parents are bth lder, and I wuld hate t see my dad ut selling tamales fr smebdy and barely making ends meet.”
Knwn as “Dn Jel”, he explained that althugh he wanted a jb, n cmpany wuld hire him because f his age. In rder t keep himself ut f debt, he started t sell tamales cked by a lcal wman. At the end f each hard day, she wuld give him a cut f the earnings. This allwed him t buy fd, but was nt enugh fr him t affrd his medical treatment r a phne.
The 28-year-ld wman was happy t listen t Dn Jel’s stry, but she wanted t d mre. She made an appeal t her fllwers n Instagram fr sme assistance. Within a week, friends and strangers flded her with mre than $84 000 in dnatins.
In additin t the mney raised fr Dn Jel’s retirement, Kenia purchased him a new wheelchair and a shiny new pair f shes. Even thugh he’s 94, he says he feels like he’s 40 nw, because the kindness has made him feel s alive. He describes the genersity as “life-changing”.
Kenia feels exactly the same way. She says she’s always lking fr a purpse that helps peple and that she’s been living in line with thse values in her current jb, wrking with peple wh have disabilities t get them transprtatin. Her gal in life is t establish a hmeless shelter.
5. Why did Dn Jel sell tamales?
A. T buy a new wheelchair.B. T struggle fr a living.
C. T pay ff his medical debt.D. T help a lcal wman.
6. Hw did Kenia change Dn Jel’s life?
A. By establishing a hmeless shelter.B. By giving him mney and sandwiches.
C. By cllecting dnatins n Instagram.D. By listening t his stry attentively.
7. What can we infer abut Kenia in the text?
A. She disliked her father because f his jb.
B. She is a wealthy wman ready t help thers.
C. She helped Dn Jel when she was 40 years ld.
D. She is a kind wman aiming t d mre charity.
8. What des the authr want t tell us?
A. Rse given, fragrant in hand.B. The best hearts are always the bravest.
C. N pain, n gain.D. Sharp tls make gd wrk.
3
The first wave f a new class f anti-aging drugs have begun human testing. These drugs wn't let yu live lnger but aim t treat specific illnesses by slwing a fundamental prcess f aging.
The drugs are called senlytics—they wrk by remving certain cells that accumulate as we age. Knwn as “senescent” cells, they can create lw-level inflammatin (炎症) that prevents nrmal systems f living cells repair and creates a pisnus envirnment fr neighbring cells.
In June, San Francisc - based Unity Bitechnlgy reprted initial results in patients with mild t severe stearthritis (关节炎) f the knee. Results frm a larger clinical trial are expected in the secnd half f this year. The cmpany is als develping similar drugs t treat age-related diseases f the eyes and lungs, amng ther cnditins.
Senlytics are nw in human tests, alng with a number f ther prmising appraches targeting the bilgical prcesses that lie at the rt f aging and varius diseases.
A cmpany called Alkahest injects patients with cmpnents fund in yung peple's bld and says it hpes t stp cnscius and functinal decline in patients suffering frm mild t mderate Alzheimer's disease. The cmpany als has drugs fr Parkinsn's and dementia in human testing.
And in December, researchers at Drexel University Cllege f Medicine even tried t see if a cream including the immune-suppressing drug culd slw aging in human skin.
The tests reflect researchers' expanding effrts t learn if the many diseases assciated with getting lder- such as heart diseases, arthritis, cancer, and dementia- can be dealt with t delay their utbreak.
9. Why d the researchers develp the drugs?
A. T rid inflammatin.B. T lengthen peple's life.
C. T treat age-related diseases.D. T remve cancer cells.
10. What des the underlined wrd “senescent” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Repairing.B. Cycling.C. Aging.D. Dividing.
11. Hw des the text mainly develp?
A. By listing data.B. By prviding details.
C. By making cmparisns.D. By analyzing causes.
12. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary.B. A guidebk.C. A nvel.D. A magazine.
4
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Julia began her secnd year as a first grade teacher in an nline classrm. One September afternn, she received a call frm and Cynthia, wh was having technical difficulties with her granddaughter's tls fr nline learning.
Julia immediately knew smething was wrng with Cynthia. The tw wmen had spken many times befre, but Julia had never heard she sunded like this. Her wrds were s jumbled that Julia culd barely understand her. Julia called her headmaster, Charlie, wh cnvinced her that he wuld call and check n Cynthia himself.
Just like Julia, Charlie culd barely understand Cynthia. He suspected she might be having a strke (中风) — he recgnized the signs frm when his wn father had suffered ne. Charlie immediately became cncerned that Cynthia's tw grandchildren, ages six and eight, were prbably hme alne with her and scared. Charlie asked his ffice manager t send an ambulance t the grandmther's hme.
The quick respnse frm Julia and Charlie saved Cynthia's life. She arrived at the hspital in time t get treatment befre lng-term damage ccurred. Thanks t an extended stay in the hspital, she has regained mst f the mvement thrughut her bdy except fr ne hand and a regin f her muth.
“I'm prud f the peple I wrk with, that they respnded s quickly and that it did make a difference t Cynthia,” says Julia. “I am s pleased t be part f such a caring cmmunity.” But the schl's crisis respnse is nly ne piece f the cmmunity's extrardinary effrts t help Cynthia and her granddaughters. Anther family with yung children tk in the tw girls.
Virtual learning has been a challenge acrss the cuntry, but it's fair t say that it has helped the cmmunity grw clser. Many teachers there gave their persnal phne numbers t students and families in case they needed extra help. In this case, the exchange was literally life-altering.
13. Cynthia called Julia in rder t .
A. cmplain abut the pr cntents f nline learning
B. cnsult abut her granddaughter's academic perfrmance
C. seek sme help fr lack f certain technical knwledge
D. vlunteer her services as a teacher in an nline classrm
14. The underlined wrd “jumbled” in Paragraph 2 is clsest in meaning t .
A. brief
B. unclear
C. gentle
D. implite
15. Hw did Charlie decide that Cynthia might have suffered a strke?
A. By recalling his wn previus sufferings frm the disease.
B. By using his prfessinal knwledge t frm the judgment.
C. By cmbining Julia's call with the granddaughters' descriptin.
D. By identifying the symptms that a strke patient may have.
16. What des the authr think f virtual leaning?
A. It has caused much incnvenience t parents.
B. It will bring abut unavidable leak f privacy.
C. It has prvided mre benefits than challenges.
D. It needs technical guidance t be highly effective.
5
Yung children wh have experienced cmpassinate (有同情心的) lve and empathy (认同感) frm their mthers may be mre willing t turn thughts int actin by being generus t thers, a University f Califrnia, Davis’ study suggests.
In lab studies, children tested at ages 4 and 6 shwed mre willingness t give up the tkens (代金券) they had earned t fictinal children in need when tw cnditins were present—if they shwed bdily changes when given the pprtunity t share and had experienced psitive parenting that mdeled such kindness. The study initially included 74 preschl-age children and their mthers. They were invited back tw years later, resulting in 54 mther-child pairs whse behavirs and reactins were analyzed when the children were 6.
“At bth ages, children with better physilgical regulatin and with mthers wh expressed strnger cmpassinate lve were likely t dnate mre f their earnings,” said Paul Hastings, UC Davis prfessr f psychlgy. “Cmpassinate mthers likely develp emtinally clse relatinships with their children while als prviding an early example f satisfying the needs f thers,” researchers said in the study, published in Nvember in Frntiers in Psychlgy” Emtin Science.
In each lab exercise, after attaching a mnitr t recrd children’s heart-rate activity, the examiner tld the children they wuld be earning tkens fr a variety f activities, and that the tkens culd be turned in fr a prize. The tkens were put int a bx, and each child eventually earned 20 prize tkens. Then befre the sessin ended, children were tld they culd dnate all r part f their tkens t ther children.
Taken tgether, the findings shwed that children’s genersity is supprted by the cmbinatin f their scializatin experiences—their mthers’ cmpassinate lve—and their physilgical regulatin, and that these wrk like “internal and external supprts fr the ability t act prscially that build n each ther”.
In additin t bserving the children’s prpensity (习性) t dnate their game earnings, Hastings suggested that “being in a calmer state after sharing culd reinfrce (加强) the generus behavir that prduced that gd feeling.”
17. Hw d yung children lved by their mther tend t becme in later years?
A. Cnsiderate.B. Emtinal.
C. Generus.D. Optimistic.
18. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The prcess f the research.B. The result f the experiment.
C. The reactins f the children.D. The imprtance f Mm’s lve.
19. Accrding t Hastings, what factr culd strengthen children’s gd behavirs?
A. Their mms lve them deeply.B. They dnate the tkens easily.
C. They behave physilgically.D. They are calmer after sharing.
20. What is prbably the best title f this passage?
A. What Cntributes t Genersity?
B. The Mre Yu Give, the Calmer Yu Will Be
C. D Yu Prefer t Receive r Give?
D. Mre Giving, Less Receiving
6
Nearly everyne knws eBay is a website where yu can buy and sell pretty much anything. There are ther Internet auctin (拍卖) sites, but nne cme clse t eBay fr brand-name recgnitin. And fr gd reasn: eBay is the largest English-language nline auctin site in the wrld. Buyers cme t eBay fr the best chance f finding the particular thing they want. Sellers cme fr the largest pl f buyers, which they hpe means the best chance f selling at the highest pssible price.
Buying things n eBay is pretty simple. Yu can type a term int the search field, r click thrugh the categries list t get t what yu want. Inside an individual item listing, yu’ll see the current asking price, and a little buttn t click if yu wish t place yur wn bid. Enter a price, ccasinally cme back t see if smene has bid higher than yu and wait fr the end f the auctin perid. If yur bid is the highest, yu win! Nw all yu have t d is arrange payment and shipping methd with the seller. eBay is nly in the business f putting buyers and sellers tgether fr a small fee frm the seller. It desn’t handle the actual payment r shipping f gds. In ther wrds, it isn’t a big department stre, r a warehuse. It’s the wner f a flea market, and yu have t d yur wn deals with the individual sellers in their virtual stalls.
T be a skillful eBay buyer, yu shuld learn when t trust sellers and hw a prxy (代理人) bid can save yu frm ging nline every half-hur t up yur bid. Experienced eBay users als knw hw t use escrws (公正托管) t guarantee gds, and hw t avid selling tricks such as fake bids that push up prices. The mre ften yu buy n eBay, the mre yu learn.
21. Why is eBay the best website fr peple t buy and sell things?
A. Because it has all brand prducts.
B. Because the trade language is English.
C. Because sellers and buyers can clse their deals.
D. Because sellers can find a swimming pl there.
22. What shuld yu d first if yu want t buy smething at the site?
A. Find the current asking price.
B. Click a buttn t place yur wn bid.
C. Enter a price which is higher than thers.
D. Find what yu want in the categries list.
23. What shuld the buyer d if he/she wins the bid?
A. Get gds frm eBay.
B. Determine payment and shipment.
C. Send smebdy fr the gds.
D. Talk abut the price f the gds.
24. What is mainly talked abut in the last paragraph?
A. Hw t be a skillful buyer at eBay.
B. Hw t make sure f qualified gds.
C. Hw t avid being cheated by thers.
D. Hw t spare yu frm ging nline frequently.
7
Just as a hungry brain craves (渴望) fd, a lnely brain craves peple. A new brain study demnstrates this. After being left alne, it shws peple's brains wuld be activated at the sight f ther peple. The actin was in the same brain regin that speeds up when a hungry persn sees fd.
Livia Tmva, a neurscientist, wh studies hw the brain prduces mental activities, and her clleagues began this study. They recruited (招募) 40 peple. On ne day, the participants had t fast—nt eat anything at all—fr 10 hurs. On anther day, the same peple were placed in a rm fr 10 hurs. They culdn't see anyne. N friends, n family and n scial media. They weren't even allwed t check their email. After bth days, Tmva and her clleagues put the peple in a MRI machine. It shws activity in the brain by tracking hw much bld is flwing t each regin.
At the end f each day, the participants shwed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The scientists were interested in tw, small areas within it. Bth areas prduce dpamine, a chemical that is imprtant in craving and rewards. The tw areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures f tasty pizza r juicy hamburgers. After the vlunteers had been islated, thse brain areas became active when they saw scial activities they missed. It might be playing sprts r chatting with friends.
The midbrain plays an imprtant part in peple's mtivatin t seek fd r friends. In fact, it respnds t fd and scial signals even when peple aren't hungry r lnely. But hunger and lneliness increased the reactins and made peple's respnses specific t the thing they were missing. And the mre hunger r islatin the vlunteers said they were experiencing, the strnger the activity in this part f the brain. Tmva and her clleagues published their results Nvember 23 in Nature Neurscience.
25. Hw des Tmva test ut the result f the study?
A. By stimulating desire.B. By cntrlling bld flw.
C. By mnitring brain activity.D. By examining mental activities.
26. What d we knw abut midbrain?
A. It cnsists f tw areas.B. It helps mtivate desire fr fd.
C. It stps wrking when peple are full.D. It decreases respnses t lst friends.
27. What des the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. A midbrain area.B. A scial activity.C. A vlunteer.D. A hamburger.
28. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Dpamine—a Sure Sign f Age
B. Midbrain—a Nest fr the Thughts
C. Hunger Makes Mental Health Struggle
D. Lneliness Makes Our Brains Need Peple
8
Black Valley, 63 kilmeters frm dwntwn Chngqing, is ne f the best preserved natural wnders arund the municipality. The natinal 5A-level scenic spt is a ppular summer resrt fr sightseeing, frest adventures, utdr camping, hunting and angling.
Lcated in Heishan twn, Wansheng Ecnmic Develpment Zne, the scenic spt spans ver 103 square kilmeters, 97 percent f which are cvered by primitive frests. With ver 110,000 negative xygen ins in each cubic centimeter f air, it is dubbed as a natural xygen bar and “the mst beautiful healthcare-themed valley.”
Black Valley is als knwn as “the natural gene bank f Chngqing and Guizhu regins” fr the diversity f its rare plants and wildlife, including Cathaya argyrphylla, Davidia invlucrata, Trachypithecus francisi and cluded lepards.
Scenic spt level: AAAAA
Address: Heishan twn, Wansheng Ecnmic Develpment Zne, 63 kilmeters frm dwntwn Chngqing Opening hurs: 8:30 am - 3:30 pm (peak seasn frm Nvember t February), 9:00 am-3:00 pm (ff seasn frm March t Octber)
Ideal sightseeing seasn: frm May t September
Ticket price: 60 yuan ($8.72) during ff seasn and 100 yuan during peak seasn, sightseeing bus and cable nt included.
Ntes:
1. It is recmmended that turists start frm the higher suthern area fr a dwnward jurney.
2. The average temperature is 18.1 degrees.
3. It’s a gd idea t experience the lcal flk culture f the Mia ethnic grup, especially when yu chse t visit in May when the traditinal Caishan Festival f Mia ethnic grup is celebrated.
29. What can we knw abut Black Valley?
A. It lies in dwntwn Chngqing.
B. Plants and wildlife are rarely seen there.
C. A visit there csts at mst 100 yuan.
D. The air is very high in negative xygen ins there.
30. A best time fr a visitr and lver f the flk culture t Black Valley is in
A. January.B. March.C. May.D. July.
31. Which sectin is the text taken frm in a newspaper?
A. Culture.B. Travel.C. Nature.D. Wildlife.Cuntry
Schedule
4-week prgrammes
7-week prgrammes
Algeria
5 Jul.— 1 Aug.
20 Jun. —7 Aug.
Egypt
24 Jul—20 Aug.
19 Jun. —6 Aug.
Kenya
20 Jul. —16 Aug.
18 Jun. —5 Aug.
Suth Africa
2 Aug. —29 Aug.
15 Jun. —2 Aug.