高中英语高考考向22 阅读理解之主旨大意题(原卷版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

这是一份高中英语高考考向22 阅读理解之主旨大意题(原卷版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题，共20页。试卷主要包含了 主题句出现在文章的中间等内容，欢迎下载使用。

在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：
(1) What wuld be the best title fr the text? /What is the tpic f the text?
(2) The main tpic / subject f the passage is _________.
(3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme f this passage is…
(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis n _________.
(5) What is mainly discussed in the text?
(6) What is the main idea f the passage?
(7) What’s the main pint the writer is trying t make in the last paragraph?
(8) The purpse f this passage is.
(9) Which f the fllwing statements is best supprted by the text?
(10) Which f the fllwing best summarized the passage?
(11) The passage mainly fcuses n.
从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。
主旨大意题的分类
1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种
①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；
②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；
③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题：
（1）中心思想类
The main pint /idea f the passage is…
The passage is mai nly abut…
The passage mainly discusses…
The last but ne paragraph is chiefly cncerned with…?
Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f the passage?
（2）标题类
Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
The best title fr the passage wuld be …
（3）目的类
The authr’s main purpse in writing the passage is t …
The passage is meant t ….
In writing this passage, the authr mainly intends t…
怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意
文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。
但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：
1. 中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
【典例示例】
（2018·新课标卷I）Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrializatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin. Especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages. Often spken by many peple while ht. wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 Languages: the Americas abut 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number(中位数) f speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the wrlds languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f, 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin(消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers), Chiapanec in Mexic(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(tw r three) r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
31. What is the min idea f the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peples lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human develpment results in fewer languages
D. Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
【答案】C
【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。
2. 主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
【典例示例】
The famus American grilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fssey had a cmpletely new way t study grillas — she pretended t be ne f them. She cpied their actins and way f life — eating plants and getting dwn n her hands and knees t walk the way a grilla des. It was a new relatinship.
Diane Fssey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her stry was made int the ppular film Grillas in the Mist. It was a lng way frm King Kng, which is abut a grilla as a mnster(a frightening animal), and helped t shw a new idea: the real mnster is man, while the grilla is t be admired.
Tday there are thught t be arund 48,000 lwland grillas and maybe 400—450 muntain grillas in the wild. Frm the Cng in West Africa, t Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting dwn f their frest hmes.
Sme time ag, I fund in my letterbx a little magazine frm the Wrld Wide Fund fr Nature. It had tw phts side by side. One was f a yung grilla. “This is a species f mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the wrds belw it. “It is being destryed by man. We must save it fr ur wn gd.” The ther pht shwed a human baby. The wrds als read, “This is a species f mammal,” but then went n: “It is the mst destructive(破坏性的) n earth. We must retrain it fr its wn gd.”
56. The text mainly talks abut ________.
A. Diane Fssey B. the grillas in Rwanda
C. the prtectin f the grillas D. the film Grillas in the Mist
【答案】C
【解析】文章第一段谈到Diane Fssey对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫的，从最后一段的“It is being destryed by man. We must save it fr ur wn gd.”可知，最主要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。
3. 首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
【典例示例】
Lacrsse(曲棍球) is a ppular sprt in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it t train fr war. They invented this game befre Clumbus arrived in the New Wrld.
Peple play lacrsse utdrs. The lacrsse field is seven meters lng. At each end f the field there is a gal. The gal is a net. There are ten players n each team. Each player has a stick called “crss”. The player hit a ball int the net as many times as pssible. Lacrsse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players ften get great fun it playing lacrsse.
There are many lacrsse clubs and lacrsse teams all ver Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrsse games n TV r listen t the lacrsse games ver the radi.
At ne time lacrsse was the natinal summer sprt in Canada. Tday it is still ppular with Canadians.
1. The passage is mainly abut ________.
A. Hw t Play Lacrsse
B. Lacrsse in Canada
C. The Histry f Lacrsse
D. Lacrsse—A Ppular Game in Canada
【答案】D
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。
4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
【典例示例】
【2019·全国卷II，C】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Luie cunter by herself, quietly reading her e-bk as she waits fr her salad. What is she reading? Nne f yur business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like mre Americans, she’s nt alne.
A new reprt fund 46 percent f meals are eaten alne in America. Mre than half(53 percent) have breakfast alne and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating tgether anymre, 74 percent, accrding t statistics frm the reprt.
“I prefer t g ut and be ut. Alne, but tgether, yu knw?” Bechtel said, lking up frm her bk. Bechtel, wh wrks in dwntwn West Palm Beach, has lunch with cwrkers smetimes, but like many f us, t ften wrks thrugh lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allws her t keep a bss frm tapping her n the shulder. She returns t wrk feeling energized. “Tday, I just wanted sme time t myself,” she said.
Just tw seats ver, Andrew Mazleny, a lcal videgrapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phne in peace r chat up the barkeeper with whm he’s n a first-name basis if he wants t have a little interactin(交流). “I reflect n hw my day’s gne and think abut the rest f the week,” he said. “It’s a chance fr self-reflectin. Yu return t wrk recharged and with a plan.”
That freedm t chse is ne reasn mre peple like t eat alne. There was a time when peple may have felt awkward abut asking fr a table fr ne，but thse days are ver. Nw, we have ur smartphnes t keep us cmpany at the table. “It desn’t feel as alne as it may have befre al the advances in technlgy,” said Laurie Demerit, whse cmpany prvided the statistics fr the reprt.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The trend f having meals alne.
B. The imprtance f self-reflectin.
C. The stress frm wrking vertime.
D. The advantage f wireless technlgy.
【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
31. A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
5. 主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
【典例示例】
The Sahara Festival is a celebratin f the very recent past. The three-day event is nt fixed t the same dates each year, but generally takes place in Nvember r December. It is well attended by turists, but even better attended by lcals.
During the pening ceremnies, after the fficial greetings frm the gvernment leaders, peple wh attend the festival begin t march smartly befre the viewing stands, and white camels transprt their riders acrss the sands. Hrsemen frm different natins display their beautiful clthes and their fine hrsemanship. One fllwing anther, grups f musicians and dancers frm all ver the Sahara take their turn t shw ff their wnderful traditinal culture. Grups f men in blue and yellw play hrns and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a grup f wmen in lng dark dresses dance with their hair: their lng, dark, shiny hair is thrwn back and frth in the wind t the rhythm f their dance.
...
67. This passage mainly tells readers _______.
A. what happens n the pening day f the Sahara Festival
B. hw peple celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival
C. what takes place at the clsing ceremnies f the Sahara Festival
D. hw animals race n the first and the last days f the Sahara Festival
【答案】A
【解析】从文中第二段第一句话“During the pening ceremnies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。答案选A。
怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题
——高度概括法
对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？
首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体
现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。
其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，
仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。
最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINA issued the first set f stamps depicting the tp 128 Chinese family names n Thursday Nv. 18th 2004 in Beijing.
话题：Stamps
控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set f stamps depicting the tp 128 Chinese family names
标题：China issued 1st set f stamps n family names
【典例示例】
August 8, was Earth Oversht Day. Calculated annually by the envirnmental advcacy(支持，拥护) grup, Glbal Ftprint Netwrk(GFN), it is the day when human has cnsumed all the natural resurces — prduce, meat, fish, water, and wd — that ur planet can regenerate(再生) in a single year. This means that fr the rest f 2016, we will be using natural resurces that are impssible t replace.
Fr thse that are a little cnfused, it is similar t spending yur entire year’s allwance by August and then brrwing mney frm friends, knwing fully well that yu cannt repay the lan. GFN says that the same thing happens in the case f the Earth.
The date f Earth Oversht Day varies each year. In an ideal, fully sustainable wrld, we shuld nly spend what we have. This means that Earth Oversht Day wuld fall n December 31, r perhaps even spill int the fllwing year, indicating that we are saving sme resurces fr a rainy day. That did happen in 1961, when we nly cnsumed three-quarters f what the planet prduced.
Unfrtunately, the day has been ging up rapidly since 2014 when it fell n August 19. In 2015, it was August 13, and this year, the earliest s far — August 8! The nly way t sustain this demand wuld be t have 1.6 earths, which as we all knw, is nt pssible.
Frtunately, experts say that the situatin is nt as grim as it sunds. Many cuntries are already taking steps t reduce carbn emissins, which accunts fr 60% f ur eclgical ftprint, by switching t slar r wind-generated pwer.
Individuals can als help by eating less meat, walking, biking, r taking public transprtatin, as well as adpting the three R’s: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. If we all wrk tgether, we can help push back Earth Oversht Day t December 31, r even beynd!
27. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. A Warning: Earth Oversht Day
B. A Celebratin: Earth Oversht Day
C. A Reminder: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
D. An Advertisement: Glbal Ftprint Netwrk
【文章大意】 本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了Earth Oversht Day。今年在八月八号我们就已经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了Earth Oversht Day的计算方法。通过介绍Earth Oversht Day，作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。
【答案】A
【解析】今年的Earth Oversht Day是八月八号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可再生资源。本文通过介绍Earth Oversht Day告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最佳标题应是A项。
【检测训练】
1
Regardless f hw famus they are, and despite the star treatment they receive, many celebrities make it a pint t give back t charities. Sme have even set up their wn private fundatins. Their widely publicised visits t trubled areas f the wrld help t raise awareness f issues such as famine and pverty. Accrding t Jane Cper f Unicef UK, celebrities have a unique ability t reach huge numbers f peple, many f whm might nt therwise be engaged in charitable causes. She pinted ut that famus faces had played a significant rle in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had prduced tangible results, such as enabling millins f children in prer cuntries t attend schl.
But in spite f these successes there is evidence t suggest that celebrity endrsement (代言) may be verrated. In a survey f members f the public t find ut if celebrity invlvement wuld encurage peple t dnate, researchers fund that the impact was nt as great as previusly thught. When shwn a list f well-knwn rganisatins and famus peple wh represent them, ver half f respndents were unable t match the celebrity with the cause. What’s mre, three quarters claimed that they didn’t respnd t celebrity endrsement in any way. The survey als shwed that a few names did stand ut as being assciated with particular charities. But the presence f a celebrity in a campaign, was nt a significant factr when it came t a decisin t dnate time r mney. Instead, the majrity f peple cntribute because f persnal cnnectins in their lives and families which make a charity imprtant t them.
In anther study aimed at yung peple, mst participants cited a cmpelling (无法抗拒的) missin as their main mtivatin t give. The secnd mst imprtant incentive was if a friend r peer recmmended supprting a particular cause. Only tw percent f respndents said they were mtivated by celebrity endrsement. This seems t cntradict the general assumptin that teenagers are particularly influenced by famus peple. One pssible explanatin is that there is a general fatigue (疲倦) with celebrity culture. There is als a suspicin that the stars are the ne wh benefit mst when they ffer t d charity wrk. Sme critics have accused that celebrities might actually take attentin away frm issues by attracting mre attentin than the causes they represent.
S taking all these issues int accunt, is it time fr charities t rethink their campaign strategies and lk fr alternative ways t reach new audiences? Whichever pint f view yu favur, there seems t be pprtunities fr mre research int hw charity campaigns might develp relatinships with celebrities t maximise their ptential. This in turn will pen up mre engagement, and better targeted campaigns-which can nly benefit thse wh really matter — the peple and animals that are in need f assistance.
1. What des the underlined wrd “tangible” in paragraph I prbably mean?
A. Definite.B. Cmplicated.C. Limited.D. Temprary.
2. Accrding t the passage, mst peple cntribute t charities because ________.
A. they gain benefit frm the charities
B. they are frced t finish a necessary task
C. they believe in the famus peple they like
D. they are inspired by the peple arund them
3. The third paragraph is mainly abut ________.
A. what celebrities achieve in ding charities
B. Hw yung peple react t celebrity culture
C. why yung peple are hardly influenced by celebrities
D. wh is t blame fr taking attentin away frm charities
4. What is the authr's attitude twards celebrity ding charities?
A. Objective.B. Psitive.
C. Negative.D. Unclear.
2
In previus recessins (经济衰退), billinaires were hit alng with the rest f us; it tk almst three years fr Frbes’s 400 richest peple t recver frm lsses caused in 2008’s Great Recessin. But in the crnavirus recessin f 2020, mst billinaires have gtten richer than ever befre.
Billinaires increased their new billins just as millins f ther Americans ran int terrible financial prblems. Mre than 20 millin peple lst their jbs at the start f the pandemic. Fd banks acrss the cuntry are preparing fr anther great increase in demand. Why are American billinaires ding s well while s many ther Americans suffer? Peple may find part f the reasns frm the fllwing fact. Stcks (股票) are verwhelmingly wned by the wealthy, and the stck market has recvered frm its early-pandemic depths much mre quickly than ther parts f the ecnmy.
But sme billinaires are als benefiting frm ecnmic and technlgical trends that were accelerated by the pandemic. Amng these are the wners and investrs f retail giants like Amazn, Walmart, Target, Dllar Tree and Dllar General, which have reprted huge prfits this year while many f their smaller cmpetitrs were defeated cmpletely as the crnavirus spread.
Then there are cmpanies that have bet n the rapid digitizatin f everything Eric Yuan, the chief executive f Zm, became a billinaire in 2019. Nw he is wrth almst $20 billin. Dan Gilbert, the chairman f Quicken Lans, was wrth less than $7 billin in March, nw he cmmands mre than $43 billin. But there is a great deal f stratificatin (层化) even amng billinaires—richer billinaires gt even richer in 2020 than the prer nes did. Jeff Bezs, Amazn’s funder, was wrth abut $113 billin at the start f the pandemic. Nw he is wrth $182 billin. Tw years ag, Bezs was the nly “centibillinaire” n earth—the trendy nelgism (a new wrd) fr peple whse wealth exceeds (超过) ￥100 billin.
5. What des the authr mainly tell us in the passage?
A. Fd banks are nt enugh in the United States.
B. The richest kept getting richer even in the pandemic.
C. The stck market recvered befre the pandemic started.
D. 400 richest peple recvered frm lsses in the pandemic.
6. What is “part f the reasns” that is implied in Paragraph 2?
A. The American inequality.
B. The recvery f stck market.
C. The effect f the pandemic.
D. The fd shrtage acrss the cuntry.
7. What is ne f the changes during the pandemic?
A. The decline f digital games.
B. Mre mney lent t peple by banks.
C. The trend f technlgy acceleratin.
D. High prfit earned by smaller cmpanies.
8. Why des the authr refer t “centibillinaire” as a “nelgism”?
A. It is a new title in the stck market after the recessin.
B. It is a new way f slutin t pverty thrugh the wrld.
C. It is a newly established cmpany during the pandemic.
D. It is a new term fr peple whse wealth exceeds $100 billin.
3
Have yu ever heard abut Black Friday and Cyber Mnday? Surely, they are all abut finding the best deals n hliday gifts fr yurself and family members. And have yu heard abut GivingTuesday? Here is smething abut it!
GivingTuesday is bserved annually n the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encurages peple t help thse in need by making financial dnatins r ding gd in their lcal cmmunity. The “Glbal Day f Giving” was started in 2012 by New Yrk City nnprfit 92nd Street Y and the United Natins Fundatin.
Unlike Black Friday, GivingTuesday serves a mre altruistic purpse. In its first year, the mvement brught in almst $10 millin fr charities, and things have nly imprved since. In 2019, many GivingTuesday scial media campaigns wrldwide helped raise an amazing $ 1.9 billin frm 27 millin dnrs! Over the past five years, many higher educatin institutins have als been using the Tuesday after Thanksgiving t ask alumni fr dnatins. In 2019, the University f Michigan, which calls it Blueday, received 5887 gifts ttaling ver $4 millin, while Pennsylvania State University raised $710 000 t benefit ver 85 University prgrams.
Thugh dnating mney certainly helps, there are many ther ways t supprt the great cause, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yu can vide tutr kids struggling with nline learning, r team up with an adult t get grceries r medicatins fr an elderly neighbr. Alternatively, call n yur peers t help yu with a service prject that addresses an issue clse t yur heart, r pick ne frm the several ideas suggested n the GivingTuesday website. Yu can als dnate yur gently-used clthes and tys t lcal shelters, r mail a handwritten nte t a grandparent r a friend yu miss seeing.
What are yu ging t d t make a psitive difference in yur cmmunity n GivingTuesday? Let us knw by adding yur cmments belw!
9. Why des the authr mentin Black Friday and Cyber Mnday in Paragraph 1?
A. T make a cmparisn.B. T lead t the tpic.
C. T aruse readers’ interest.D. T express his dubt.
10. What’s the aim f GivingTuesday?
A. T prmte the develpment f ecnmy.
B. T attract peple t buy mre hliday gifts.
C. T call n mre universities t dnate mney.
D. T encurage peple t help thse in need.
11. What des the underlined wrd “altruistic” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Selfless.B. General.C. Specific.D. Cmplex.
12. What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. Where peple can ffer their kind help.
B. What peple can d n GivingTuesday.
C. Hw peple can stay safe during COVID-19.
D. Why peple need t supprt the great cause.
4
Mrgan’s Wnderland, lcated in San Antni, Texas, is a theme park mainly intended fr mentally r physically disabled children. The park was built by Grdn Hartman, a frmer real estate (房地产) develper. The creatin f the park was inspired by his daughter, Mrgan, wh suffers frm severe cgnitive delay and physical challenges.
The wrld’s first ultra-accessible family fun park, Mrgan’s Wnderland pened in the spring f 2010. Admissin fr guests with special needs is free, and fees fr the general public are set at a much discunted price s that peple f all ages and abilities can cme tgether and play in a fun and safe envirnment.
Cmpletely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres f attractins including rides, playgrunds, a catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas thrughut the park. The rides are custm-designed t accmmdate wheelchair riders s that every family member can enjy the fun. The adapted rides include the Off-Rad Adventure, where guests can test their driving skills in sprty vehicles. Mrever, each visitr is ffered the ptin t wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allws them t keep track f each ther while in the park. The band als enables them t take part in electrnic activities. Fr example, when the riders scan the band at the Off-Rad Adventure, a pht will be taken and sent t their email.
In June 2017, Mrgan’s Wnderland celebrated the pening f Mrgan’s Inspiratin Island. The new expansin is cmpsed f five themed splash pads and a River Bat Adventure Ride. The wheelchair guests can be mved ut f their chairs int unique, waterprf chairs and enjy the splash park withut risking damage t their persnal wheelchairs.
“Mrgan taught me that there’s mre t life in many ways than what I saw befre,” said Hartman. “The blessing that Mrgan has brught is beynd anything that I ever culd have imagined and culd explain.”
13. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The new additin t Mrgan’s Wnderland.
B. The establishment and features f a special theme park.
C. The advanced technlgical devices in Mrgan’s Wnderland
D. The needs f peple wh suffer frm physical and mental disabilities.
14. What des “ultra-accessible” in the secnd paragraph imply?
A. It’s easy fr all visitrs t use the facilities.
B. Admissin is free fr peple yung and ld.
C. Wheelchairs are prvided fr every featured attractin.
D. Mrgan’s Wnderland is situated in a cnvenient lcatin.
15. What des the park prvide t prevent persnal wheelchairs frm being damaged?
A. Safe Bats.B. Water-resistant clth.C. GPS bands.D. Special chairs.
16. Which f the fllwing statements is true abut Mrgan’s Wnderland?
A. Waterprf chairs enable visitrs t wnder all ver the park.
B. Mrgan’s Inspiratin Island includes 25 acres f attractins.
C. The success f the park is exactly what Mrgan intended t achieve.
D. GPS bands allw visitrs t enjy the cnvenience f the electrnic devices.
5
Nt lng ag, Linda Khan was sitting by a hspital bed in Hustn, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her father wh needed a heart surgery. The tw f them had engaged in nthing but depressing small talk. Then, her eye fell n a pile f bks. She picked up ne, and started t read it ut lud. "Right away it changed the md and atmsphere," she says. Reading gave the daughter a way t cnnect with her father. Listening allwed the father travel n the sund f his daughter's vice int a place where he felt himself again. “Frm then n," Khan says, “I always read t him."
In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdm, elderly adults wh jined weekly read-alud grups reprted better cncentratin, less anxiety, and an imprved ability t scialize. The survey authrs wed these imprvements in large part t the “rich, varied diet f serius literature" that grup members cnsumed, with fictin encuraging feelings f relaxatin and calm, petry fstering fcused cncentratin, and narratives giving rise t cgnitive (认知的) thughts, feelings, and memries. In truth, almst any kind f reading t anther persn can be beneficial.
Readers get rewards t. Fr Neil Bush, the late-life hspitalizatins f his famus parents, Gerge H. W. and Barbara Bush, became pprtunities t repay a debt f gratitude. “When I was a kid, they wuld read t me," he said. With his parents in and ut f care, “We've been reading bks abut Dad's freign plicy and, mre recently, Mm's autbigraphy." Bush went n, his vice thick with emtin, “And t read their amazing life t them has been a remarkable blessing t me, persnally, as their sn."
T many peple, reading t parents may seem s far utside the nrmal range f regular activities, and it may even feel dd and imprper. Hwever, there are still a lt many wh brave the mmentary strangeness f reading t elderly adults and bth reader and listeners are, t brrw a phrase frm Wrdswrth, surprised by the jy f it.
17. What did reading ffer t Linda and her father?
A. A way t establish a bnd.B. A way t travel tgether in reality.
C. A way t treat the disease.D. A way t engage in learning.
18. What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. Imprvements in mental health.B. Benefits f reading t thers.
C. Changes in cgnitive prcess.D. Develpment f scial skills.
19. What des Neil Bush's experience prve?
A. Reading benefits mre than the listener
B. Parents shuld red mre t their kids.
C. Children shuld shw their gratitude.
D. Reding t parents is children's duty
20. Hw des the authr feel abut reading t an elderly adult?
A. Imprper and dd.B. Abnrmal but wrthy.
C. Rewarding and jyful.D. Interesting but unnecessary.
6
Smartphnes, tablets and ther digital devices can be addictive. They affect sleep. They draw kids int an alternate universe, ften distracting（使分心）them frm mre prductive-and healthier-real-wrld activities. And they are ften linked t anxiety and depressin, learning disabilities and besity（肥胖）. Yet fr many teenagers, cellphnes and scial media are als abslutely necessary tls fr planning their scial lives, keeping up with schlwrk and staying in tuch with ut-f-twn friends and relatives.
Hw can parents make the mst f the cnstructive uses f screen-based technlgy while minimizing its harmful effects？
The key is helping kids use technlgy as a tl, nt a ty, “where there’s sme purpse ther than the medicatin f bredm,” says Jim Taylr, a psychlgist and authr f the bk Raising Generatin Tech：Preparing Yur Children fr a Media-fueled Wrld. Taylr, like many ther medical and mental health prfessinals, advises parents t set limits and stick t them. They shuld restrict the amunt f time their kids spend n devices, create tech-free znes-n cellphnes in their bedrms, fr example-and tech-free times, such as at the dinner table, in restaurants and n family utings.
Perhaps the best thing yu can d is serve as a gd rle mdel by exhibiting the same nline behavir yu expect f yur children, says Dr. Elias Abujaude, a Stanfrd University psychiatrist. “If parents are breaking their wn rules,” Abujaude says, “kids cannt be expected t behave differently.”
Chad Landgraf, 44, f Oklahma, tld me he was wrried abut hw addicted his 12-year-ld sn and 5-year-ld daughter became when they were n their devices. S, hping t set an example, he switched frm e-bks t ld-fashined print. “When I had my Kindle r ipad pen, they. didn’t knw if I was reading r surfing the net,” Landgraf says. “But at least if I have a paper cpy f a bk, they knw I am reading. Mdeling seems like the easiest way.”
21. What may be the result f children’s using digital devices?
A. Health imprvement.B. Free creatin.
C. Sleep disrder.D. Gd cnduct
22. What des Jim Taylr suggest parents ding?
A. Killing time by using screen-based technlgy.
B. Frbidding kids using smartphnes.
C. Setting clear bundaries fr kids.
D. Restricting tech-free family time.
23. Why did Chad pick up ld-fashined print?
A. He was afraid f becming addicted.B. He expected t be a rle mdel.
C. He was tired f surfing the net.D. He preferred paper cpies f bks.
24. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Parenting in a digital wrldB. Learning t be intelligent parents
C. Using smart devices wiselyD. Helping children behave themselves
7
An 85-year-ld primary schl cnstructed in 1935 in Shanghai has been lifted ff the grund in its entirety and relcated using new technlgy called the “walking machine.” The prject marks the first time this “walking machine” methd has been used in Shanghai t relcate a histrical building.
Urbanizatin（都市化）has cntinued t significantly threaten architectural heritage. In the capital Beijing, fr instance, mre than 1,000 acres f its histric hutngs and traditinal curtyard hmes were destryed between 1990 and 2010.
In the early 2000s, cities including Nanjing and Bejjing-due t the critics’ prtest abut the lss f ld neighbrhds-drew up lng-term plans t preserve what was left f their histric sites, with prtectins intrduced t safeguard buildings and restrict develpers.
These cnservatin effrts have taken different frms. In Beijing, a near-ruined temple was transfrmed int a restaurant and gallery, while in Nanjing, a cinema frm the 1930s was restred t its riginal frm, with sme additins prviding it fr mdern use. In 2019, Shanghai welcmed Tank Shanghai, an arts center built in renvated（重修的）il tanks.
“Relcatin is nt the first chice, but better than destrying,” said Lan, the Shanghai primary schl’s prject supervisr. “I’d rather nt tuch the histrical buildings at all.” Building relcatins he said hwever, are “a wrkable ptin.” “The central gvernment is putting mre emphasis n the prtectin f histrical buildings. I’m happy t see that prgress in recent years.”
Shanghai has arguably been China’s mst prgressive city when it cmes t heritage preservatin. The survival f a number f 1930s buildings and 19th-century “shikumen” （r “stne gate”） huse have ffered examples f hw t give ld buildings new life.
“We have t preserve the histrical building n matter what, ” Lan said. “The relcatin has challenges, but in general, it is cheaper than destrying and then rebuilding smething in a new lcatin.”
25. Hw did cities respnd t the lss f histrical sites?
A. They criticized the develpers.B. They rebuilt the histric hutngs.
C. They ended the significant threat.D. They prpsed the prtectin prject.
26. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Para. 4 refer t?
A. All riginal frm.B. A new additin.C. A cinema.D. A temple.
27. What des the authr intend t d in Para. 6?
A. Prvide strng evidence.B. Intrduce different pinins.
C. Summarize previus paragraphs.D. Add sme backgrund infrmatin.
28. What’s the best title fr the passage?
A. Walking Machine: a New TechnlgyB. Rebuilding: a New Optin fr Relics
C. Old Building Trn dwn fr Mdern UseD. Histrical Site “Walks” t New Life
8
E-cigarettes can damage vital immune system cells and may be mre harmful than previusly thught, a study suggests. Researchers fund e-cigarette vapur disabled imprtant immune cells in the lung and bsted inflammatin (炎症).
The researchers cautin against the widely held pinin that e-cigarettes are safe. Hwever, Public Health England advises they are much less harmful than smking and peple shuld nt hesitate t use them as an aid t giving up cigarettes.
The small experimental study, led by Prf David Thickett, at the University f Birmingham, is published nline in the jurnal Thrax. Previus studies have fcused n the chemical elements f e-cigarette liquid befre it is vaped.
In this study, the researchers designed a mechanical prcess t mimic (模拟) vaping in the labratry, using lung tissue samples prvided by eight nn-smkers. They fund vapur caused inflammatin and impaired the activity f alvelar macrphages cells (肺泡世噬细胞) that remved ptentially damaging dust particles, bacteria and allergens. They sail sme f the effects were similar t thse seen in regular smkers and peple with chrnic lung disease.
They cautin that the results are nly in labratry cnditins and they are planning t d mre research t better understand the lng-term health impact the changes recrded tk place nly 48 hurs.
Prf Thicket said while e-cigarettes were safer than traditinal cigarettes in terms f cancer risk, they may still be harmful in the lng-term. If yu vape fr 20 r 30 years, yu can suffer frm COPD (chrnic bstructive pulmnary disease), then that’s smething we need t knw abut.
29. What’s the widely held pinin abut e-cigarettes?
A. They’re mre harmful.B. They’re less harmful.
C. They’re unknwn t peple.D. They’re harmless.
30. What can we learn abut the study?
A. It’s believable.B. It’s cnducted narrwly.
C. It’s accepted by mst peple.D. It’ s carried ut in America.
31. What can we learn abut e-cigarettes frm the last paragraph?
A. They are safer in terms f mental prblems.
B. They may be little harm in the lng run.
C. They are safer with regard t cancer risk.
D. They can cmpletely replace traditinal nes.
32. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Can e-cigarettes damage vital brain system cells?
B. Can e-cigarettes becme ppular amng peple?
C. Can e-cigarettes be recmmended t smkers ?
D. Can c-cigarettes damage vital immune system cells ?
9
China has just fficially pened its FAST radi telescpe t internatinal scientists. Scientists acrss the wrld can submit prpsals fr astrnmical bservatins using the telescpe.
FAST is shrt fr Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescpe (球面射电望远镜) and it is als believed t be the wrld's largest radi telescpe and the mst sensitive single-dish radi telescpe. The receiving surface area f FAST is 250,000 square meters, abut the size f 30 standard ftball fields. Its cnstructin was cmpleted in September 2016 and it fficially began perating in January 2020.
The majr scientific task f the telescpe is the bservatin f pulsars (脉冲星) – the rtating neutrn stars. The study f pulsars can help t cnfirm the existence f gravitatinal radiatin and black hles, and help slve many ther majr questins in physics. Anther scientific gal f FAST is t search fr uter space civilizatin.
The telescpe is lcated in a naturally deep and rund karst depressin in suthwest China's Guizhu Prvince. The first advantage f the selected site is the altitude. The average altitude f Guizhu is abut 1,100 meters, which maximizes the effectiveness f the bservatin equipment. Secndly, the radi telescpe needs t have a “big pan” t receive better signal. The huge natural depressin culd reduce the amunt f excavatin (挖掘) and difficulty f cnstructin. Mrever, the selected site in Guizhu is far away frm cities, and has a small ppulatin, which reduces the interference (干扰) caused by wireless devices such as TVs, mbile phnes and radis frm human activities.
FAST has identified ver 300 pulsars. Experts predict that the number culd reach 1,000 in five years and that the telescpe culd lcate and identify the first pulsar utside the galaxy. With the pening-up t internatinal scientists, China's FAST is expected t make mre cntributin t astrnmical research in the future.
33. What d we knw abut FAST?
A. It is pened t glbal scientists.B. It is a prject under cnstructin.
C. It has prvided service since 2016.D. It has fund a pulsar utside the galaxy.
34. What is the main task f FAST?
A. T study black hles.B. T bserve the pulsars.
C. T explre the sun.D. T seek space civilizatin.
35. What's special abut the selected site?
A. It's clse t urban areas.B. It reduces engineering amunt.
C. It pssesses a shallw depressin.D. It's at the highest altitude in China.
36. Which can be the best title fr the text?
A. Majr Scientific Tasks f FASTB. Ways t Select the Site fr FAST
C. Cntributins FAST Has MadeD. Facts abut FAST Radi Telescpe