高中英语高考考向30 阅读理解之七选五(原卷版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

这是一份高中英语高考考向30 阅读理解之七选五(原卷版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题，共11页。试卷主要包含了 注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力等内容，欢迎下载使用。

七选五试题给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似，虽然完型填空题考查的是词汇层面，七选五考查的是句子层面，但是它们的考查方式是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
试题特点
1. 符合《英语课程标准》中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的要求和《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 说明》中“如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”的要求。如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考查，它是语言表达的基本单位，属于语言的组织规律，那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，属于言语的组织规律，简单地说，前者侧重语言的结构—语法，而后者侧重语言的使用—章法。
2. 注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程，新题型不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力，是阅读的深层理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。
3. 题材新颖，具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性，与学生的学习经历和生活经历相适应，与新课程理念下的高考改革走向相适应，与高中英语教学实际相适应，遵循了《英语课程标准》的评价理念，保证了试题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。
解答技巧
根据试题所在的不同位置确定不同的解题策略
1. 如果空白在段首
(1)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关词，从而推断出主题句。
(2)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文的第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。
(3)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望，阅读上一段的结尾部分，并结合下一段的内容，将所选的答案代入，看其是否能承上启下，将两段内容连起来。
2. 如果空白在段尾
(1)重点阅读空白前的一两句以锁定关键词。
(2)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，选项中也可发现前文的同义词、句。
(3)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
(4)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是要补全说明本段主题的其他细节，在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。前句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的，要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句。
(5)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。
(6)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。
3. 如果空白构成一整个自然段
(1)这个段落应该起承上启下的作用，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读较长的选项，以此类推，直至找到正确答案。
(2)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句，寻找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更重要。
(3)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，即为正确答案。
【典例示例】(2021年6月·浙江卷)
Yu've gt mail…and it's a pstcard
Paul Magalhaes, a 34-year-ld Prtuguese cmputer engineer, lves t pen his mailbx and find a brightly clred picture f Rme's Clsseum. Or Africa's Victria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. 31
"I ften send pstcards t family and friends." he says t China Daily, "but yu can imagine that after a while, yu never receive as many as yu send, and yu realize that nt everyne is int it 32 ” Seeking ther like-minded suls, hwever, Paul started lking in a smewhat unlikely place: nline. Many wuld say the Internet is a place fr peple wh have given up n the traditinal pstal service, but Paul's hunch（直觉）paid ff.
Tday his hbby has develped int the website pstcrssing.cm, a scial netwrk that has grwn t 575,217 registered users in 214 cuntries and regins since he started it 10 years ag. 33 Running the website has almst turned int a full-time jb.
Language is certainly a harrier fr many peple. Fr pstcrssing t wrk wrldwide, a cmmn cmmunicatin language is needed s that everyne can understand each ther. As cl as it may be t receive a pstcard written in Chinese, the cncept desn't wrk if ne desn't understand it. 34 S a cmmn language is required and in pstcrssing that's English since it's widely spken.
"Many peple in China have limited expsure t English. 35 That said, we knw f many pstcrssing members, including Chinese, wh have actually imprved their English skills thrugh their use f pstcrssing," Paul says.
A. And that's ttally fine
B. That makes it extra hard t learn and practice it
C. He likes t think f sending pstcards as a family-friendly hbby
D. Many lve t make a cnnectin with smene frm acrss the wrld.
E. On August 5, the number f pstcards exchanged by members tpped 31 millin.
F. Similarly, if yu speak nly Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part f the fun away.
G. In shrt, he lves pstcards, and the excitement f getting a hand-written nte frm smene far away.
答案与解析：
31.G 空格处为本段结尾句，前文出现了描述Paul喜欢世界各地明信片的内容，即“Or Africa'sVictria Falls. Or China 's Great Wal.”，由此可知他喜欢各种明信片。设空处为总结性语言，G选项中的信息“in shrt”符合逻辑顺序，“he lves pstcards”承接上文题意。故选G项。
32.A 空格前提到Paul邮寄明信片的“遭遇”，空格后提到“Seeking ther like-minded suls,Hwever,Paul started lking in a smewhat unlikely place: nline”，由此可知空格处承上启下，表示遇到的问题“完全不成问题”,说明Paul没有放弃自己的爱好，而是采取了网络方式。故选A。
33.E 根据空格前的“a sciall netwrk that has grwn t 575,217 registered users in 2 14 cuntriesand regins since he started it 10 year ag”可知，Paul创办的这家社交网站注册人数一直在增长，选项E中的“On August 5 , the number f pstcards exchanged by members tpped 31millin”能承接前文，用数据说明网站的火爆。故选E。
34.F 根据空格前的“As cl as it may be t receive pstcard written in Chinesc, the cncept desn 't wrk if ne desn 't understand it”以及空后的“s”可知，此处指两者情况的比较。F项“Similarly, if yu speak nly Chincse，receiving a card in Swedish takes part f the funaway”符合题意，其中的“Similarly”说明对比关系。故选F。
35.B 根据空格前的“Many peple in China have limited expsure t English”可知，中国很多人接触英语的机会有限，所以学习和练习这种语言会有难度。B项“That makes it extra hard t learn and practice it”符合题意，其中的“hard t learn and practice”说明此意。故选B。
【检测训练】
1
Learning a new language like English can be a challenge.1. Classes are imprtant, but s is disciplined practice. It can even be fun. Here are sme guidelines t help yu becme a better English learner.
Study every day. Learning any new language is a time-cnsuming prcess, mre than 300 hurs accrding t sme estimates. Rather than try and cram a few hurs f review nce r twice a week, mst experts say shrt, regular study sessins are mre effective.2. 3. Instead f fcusing n ne single task fr the entire study sessin, try mixing things up. Study a little grammar, then d a shrt listening exercise, then perhaps read an article n the same tpic. Dn’t d t much; 20 minutes n three different exercises is plenty. The variety will keep yu engaged and make studying mre fun.
Read, watch, and listen. Reading English-language newspapers and bks, listening t music, r watching TV can als help yu imprve yur written and verbal cmprehensin skills. 4. Write it dwn. Repetitin is key as yu're learning English, s writing is a great way t practice.5. By making a habit f writing, yu’ll als find yur reading and cmprehensin skills imprve ver time. Yu may even discver yu’ve gt a talent fr writing.
A. Keep things fresh.
B. Play vcabulary and grammar games.
C. But with regular study, it can be dne.
D. It desn’t matter whether yu use a cmputer r pen and paper.
E.Nn-native English speakers smetimes struggle with ding s.
F.As little as 30 minutes a day can help yu imprve yur English skills ver time.
G.By ding s repeatedly, yu’ll absrb things like speech patterns, accents, and grammar.
2
Befre COVID-19, self-care — caring fr urselves — may have nt been a pririty fr many peple. 6. . There is n exact way t practice self-care. It includes many areas and may lk different frm persn t persn. Here are sme suggestins n what can be dne.
7.
Fr sme peple, self-care may be simply slwing dwn. It can als mean cntrlling parts f yur life that yu can cntrl. This is imprtant when the wrld arund yu feels ut f cntrl.
Learn smething new
Fr sme peple, self-care might include ding things they have always wanted t d but never made time fr. 8. .
Mental health self-care
Anther frm f self-care is making time t meet with a mental health specialist, if needed. The Assciated Press reprts that nline mental health services have increased during the pandemic. Hwever, meeting with a mental health prfessinal may nt be pssible fr sme peple. 9. . Meditating, writing abut yur feelings and prblems, and rganizing the physical space arund yu are all frms f self-care.
Be kind t yurself — the best type f self-care
Experts remind us that self-care during the pandemic culd feel like riding a rllercaster — up sme days, dwn n thers.
It can help t have a rutine — a usual way f ding things. But experts say keep the rutine simple. 10. . Remember, be kind t yurself.
A. Never feel ut f cntrl
B. Slw dwn and feel in cntrl
C. But nw it is even mre imprtant than usual
D. S dctrs have suggestins fr ther ways t reduce stress during the pandemic
E.Self-care includes bth individual wellness and the wellness f the greater cmmunity
F.It is als imprtant nt t be hard n yurself if yu d nt keep t yur rutine every day
G.These things include baking, gardening, and learning a new language r sme ther new skills
3
It is quite natural that we all have ur dwn time t readjust but it is fairly imprtant that cnsistency shuld be a regular practice in ur wrld. It feels gd t set a gal, wrk thrugh it and see the amazing utcme. 11. .
Create a plan.
Whatever yur gal is, a plan is imprtant. Create yearly, mnthly, weekly and daily tasks t help yu stay fcused n yur specific gal.
Schedule.
12. . Yes, things will cme up, but we all have the same 24 hurs in a day. Yu have t schedule yur cnsistency tasks just like yu schedule anything else, even if yu start ff at 30 minutes a day and add frm there.13. . Yur future is yur pririty (优先的事物).
Stick t it.
Dn’t quit. 14. . Nw that yu have cme s far, it desn't make sense t give up n yurself. There is a dream planted inside f yu. It is time t d the wrk and watch it grw.
15 .
Lk back t see hw far yu've cme. Lk ver yur gals and accmplishments daily, weekly and mnthly t see hw much yu have cmpleted. Get yur crew and celebrate.
A. Measure yur utcme
B. D things that appeal t yu
C. Yu can put things in rder f imprtance
D. Smetimes we need t have a break t reflect
E.Here are sme useful tips t help yu stay cnsistency
F.It is actually inspiring t have smething that is pushing yu
G.As is ften the case, ur biggest excuse is that we dn't have time
4
Many peple truly want t help a friend wh is in pain. But wrds ften fail us at times like these, leaving us stammering (结巴) fr the right thing t say. Sme peple are s afraid t say r d the wrng thing that they chse t d nthing at all.16. There’s n ne perfect way t respnd r t supprt smene yu care abut, but there are sme gd grund rules.
17. Yu are nt suppsed t be a central figure when yur friend feels sad. Yu may say yu wuld have dne things differently if this unlucky thing had happened t yu. Of curse, I hpe yu dn’t get the chance t find ut. The unhappiness belngs t yur friend. S fllw their lead.
Keep in mind that being with smene wh is in pain isn’t easy. Yur friend cannt shw up fr their part f the relatinship very well, and yu will likely get hurt. Dn’t take it persnally.18. In fact, ne f the best things yu can d fr a friend in srrw is t frecast their needs. Dn’t say, “Call me if there’s anything I can d,” because yur friend will nt call. What yu shuld d is t make cncrete ffers: “I will stp by each mrning n my way t wrk and take yur dg fr a quick walk.” Then shw up and d it.
19. Hug yur friend, rub their back, and tuch their arm. Cmfrt them with small physical gestures that let them knw yu care and calm them.
Give them hpe. Give yur friend hpe that things will eventually get better.20.
A. Shw yur lve.
B. Keep yur friend at ease.
C. Instead, please be tlerant f them.
D. Remember t play a supprting rle.
E.After all, the future will be full f hpe.
F.Their heart will heal and life will g n.
G.That’s certainly an ptin, but it’s nt ften a gd ne.
5
Natinal Napping Day: reasns yu shuld nap.
Finding the time t recver amng daily respnsibilities can be hard, but napping has benefits that culd help yu level up in yur verall health and prductivity. 21. In ther wrds, if yu feel like calling it a day and feeling sleepy, dn’t feel bad.
22. Taking a nap nce r twice a week culd lwer the risk f heart attacks r strkes, accrding t a study published in the jurnal Heart. After tracking mre than 3,400 peple between the ages f 35 and 75 fr slightly mre than five years, the researchers fund that thse wh liked ccasinal napping -nce r twice a week, fr five minutes t an hur-were 48% less likely t experience a heart attack, strke r heart failure than thse wh didn’t nap at all.
It might even help yu get int shape. A 2020 study fcusing n wmen fund the mre sleep-deprived (失眠) the wmen were, the mre likely they were t cnsume added sugar, fatty fds and caffeine. 23. That’s because inadequate sleep is believed t stimulate hunger and suppress hrmne signals that cmmunicate fullness.
Napping has been fund t bst yur creativity. 24. In a January 2020 study f 2,214 Chinese adults ages 60 and lder, participants wh tk afternn naps fr five minutes t tw hurs shwed better mental ability than thse wh didn’t nap.
Napping may nt ensure success in every aspect f yur life, but it culd imprve yur health and charge yur brain's batteries. 25.
A. Nw g lie dwn.
B. Yu'll have lwer risk fr heart prblems.
C. Taking a nap may make yur brain mre alert.
D. A lack f quality sleep culd lead t vereating.
E.A shrt nap may als make yu feel mre relaxed.
F.The right side f yur brain may experience a mental spark during a nap.
G.It means there is n reasn t feel as if yu’re lazy fr taking a quick nap.
6
Trying t find the perfect present is as difficult as trying t read smene's mind. Few peple will actually tell yu what they want fr a special ccasin, and mst f the time yur lved nes will insist that they dn't need r want anything! 26. Here are sme tips that culd help.
Be hnest - d yu wait until the last minute t start lking fr presents? 27. S are we! Hwever, starting yur shpping early can have a number f advantages. The clser it gets t hlidays such as Christmas, the higher the prices creep up. S, if yu wait t lng, yu might have t spend quite a bit mre n what yu want.
28. Nw is the time t put yur thinking cap n as yu make a list. Here, yu can write dwn everything the receivers lve. This can include fd, hbbies, experiences, and mre 29. If yu are lucky, yu shuld be able t find a few gd ideas in ne f these lists. At the very least, yu will have sme ideas f which directin yu shuld head ff in.
30. Often, the reasn yu get stuck fr gift ideas is because yu are restricting yurself t much. If yu are nly fixed n the same kind f presents then yu'll run ut f inspiratin. There really are many wnderful ut - f - the - bx ideas t select frm. If a regular present isn't ding the trick, it may be time t think a little bigger. Instead f a physical gift, yu can give smene an experience that they will never frget.
A. S what t d?
B. Yu are definitely nt alne.
C. Save yur mney by being an early bird.
D. Yu will be able t give them the gift f friendship.
E.If yu are still cming up empty, it is time t get creative.
F.What memry between the tw f yu stand ut the mst?
G.Once yu have dne this, yu can mve nt the things they need.
7
Over the past ten mnths f pandemic life, cking has becme a shelter fr me. New Yrk Times fd editr Sam Siftn referred t Krean fried rice and said it "imprves mds, atmspheres and weeks alike". 31. I'd argue it imprves physical health, finances and skills, and reduces stress. Really, cking is a rewarding thing yu shuld d these days.
Cking fd fr yurself is beneficial t yur physical health. When yu ck yur wn fd, yu cntrl exactly what ges int yur bdy. It's the best pssible way t “dial in” r clean up yur diet. 32. A recent survey has fund that twice as many Americans are cking at hme than a year ag, and that nearly a quarter are ding s in an effrt t eat healthier.
33. It's cnsiderably cheaper than rdering frm restaurants, r buying prepared fd frm supermarkets. It's fund that rdering takeut is five times mre expensive. The difference is mre bvius if yu’re cking fr a family.
In terms f imprving cking skill, yu can't help but imprve if yu d it ver and ver again. With s many ther utlets fr hbbies shut dwn right nw, why nt view yur kitchen as a mini universe t be explred? Yu've gt the tls, nt t mentin the human requirement t eat. I can't think f anther hbby where yur bdy physically requires yu t practice several times daily. 34.
Hw des cking relieve stress, yu might be wndering? 35. If yu're rganized enugh t ck meals in advance, yu end the weeknight dilemma f “what's fr dinner?”. Furthermre, as yu get better at cking, yu will spare the need t rder fd.
A. Cking helps kids develp many hbbies.
B. Actually, cking can bring mre benefits.
C. The act itself can be calming t sme peple.
D. Frm a financial aspect, cking cannt be beaten.
E.Yu can save mney as well as imprve yur mental health.
F.If imprving health is yur main reasn fr cking, yu're nt alne.
G.Yu're likely t imprve yur cking skills and they will stick with yu fr life.
8
Hw t Feel Cnnected
It's easy t feel discnnected frm what is ging n arund yu in tday's fast-paced wrld. 36. Yu can get in tuch and feel cnnected, hwever, by fllwing the tips belw:
Cnsider why yu feel discnnected. Knwing what is making yu feel discnnected can help yu chse the best ways t address it. 37. Ask yurself these questins: Are yu keeping yurself ccupied with wrk t much? D yu rely n electrnic cmmunicatin instead f face t face cmmunicatin? D yu lack friendships that are satisfying?
Interact with peple in persn. Technlgy is a great way t stay in tuch, but smetimes yu need t spend time with ther peple in persn. 38. Yu can als take steps t feel mre cnnected by making small-talk with strangers wh are sharing parts f yur day.
39. Yur lved nes culd feel shy, s yu may never knw hw t imprve yur relatinship unless yu ask the right questins. Asking them t pen the drs can give yu sme insight n what yu can d. Learning this infrmatin can help t strengthen yur bnd.
Shw yur cmmitment t them. Simply shwing up and being there fr yur lved nes says a lt abut hw much yu value yur relatinships. Putting in the time shws them that yu are cmmitted and want t stay cnnected. 40.
Shw appreciatin. A simple “thank yu” ges a very lng way. Unfrtunately, it is smething that peple wh are clse ften take fr granted. Telling smene yu appreciate their time, lve, and effrts can strengthen yur bnd and help yu t becme mre cnnected.
A. Ask thers what they need frm yu.
B. Smetimes yu can feel islated and distant frm the nes yu lve.
C. Be brave t express yur lve.
D. Reach ut t peple t schedule a time t get tgether.
E.Attending family events, r simply visiting smene nce a week can help t strengthen yur relatinship and keep it strng.
F.Targeting yur effrts tward thse issues allws yu t clse that distance mre effectively.
G.Yu can have a gift delivered t friends n special ccasins.语篇解读
主题语境
人与自我---创新意识
语篇大意
本文为记叙文。文章介绍了34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paul Magallhaes喜欢世界各地的明信片，并克服困难设法借助网络发展自己的爱好、创办pstcrssing.cm 网站并取得成功的故事。
背景知识
Pstcrssing一名来源于英文单词中的明信片（pstcard）与交流（crssing），发想自图书漂流（Bkcrssing）的计划网站。然而，这种明信片的"交流"或者交换机制是不同的。一名成员给另外一名成员寄出明信片，并随机从另一位成员那里收到另一张明信片。相同两名成员之间的交换只会进行一次。参与这一项目完全免费，任何人只要有地址，均可注册帐号。
重点单词
imagine料想，猜测，设想；seck寻找，寻求，谋求；register登记，注册；barrier 障碍，屏障，障碍物
高级短语
give up故弃；pay ff获得成功；turn int变成
长难句分析
原文：Tday his hbby has develped int the website pstcrssing.cm, a scial netwrk that hasgrwn t 575,217 registered users in 214 cuntries and regins since he started it 10 year ag.
分析：本句为主从复合句。句中的a scial netwrk与the website pstcrssing.cm是同位语；that引导定语从句；since引导时间状语从句。