高中英语高考考向26 阅读理解之记叙文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

这是一份高中英语高考考向26 阅读理解之记叙文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题，共21页。试卷主要包含了主旨大意题，细节理解题，词义／语义判断题，推断题， 观点态度题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考向26 阅读理解之记叙文类
文体分析
记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Ws and 1H” 特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。
命题特点
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
记叙文常见的命题类型如下：
1.主旨大意题
文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结。虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：
What’s the main idea/subject/topic of the passage?
The main idea of the passage is…
The passage is mainly about_____.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
The best title for the passage is/ might be____.
The author’s main purpose of writing this passage is____.
做题要领：文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的键。但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。
2.细节理解题
这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出：
Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage?
Which of the following is (not) discussed/Mentioned in the passage?
According to the passage, what/where/
Which/who/why/when/how…?
All of the following are (not) true / mentioned / discussed except_________.
How does the author/writer feel about___?
3.词义／语义判断题
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：
According to the author, the underlined word”…” means____.
From the passage, we can infer that the word”…”is___.
“…” can be best replaced by___.
What does the author probably mean by”…”?
By”…”, the author means that___
做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。
4.推断题
以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推断题的常见形式：
It can be inferred / concluded from the text that____.
From the text we know that ______.
　The passage implies that ______.
The paragraph following the passage will most probably discusses______.
解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。
5. 观点态度题
回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作者的态度才会显得多种多样. 可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。
常见的态度词语有:positive/support/approval(赞同的/optimisticcritical/negative/tolerant/disappointed/pessimistic(悲观的) /indifferent(冷淡的)/doubtfulNeutral(中立的）/objective(客观的）
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:
What’s the author’s/writer’s attitude to…?
The author thinks/suggests/believes that___.
How does the author feel about…?
Which of the following will the author agree / disagree with?
Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards…?
解题技巧
记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Ws and 1H”。这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就能理解整个故事。
特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。
另外，讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等等。我们在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。 概括起来一句话：读记叙文的关键是抓情节。 抓住了故事情节，就理解了文章的脉络，其他的就迎刃而解了。
要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。
1.关注细节
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
2.注重联系
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3.读懂表象
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from …?”或是What does the author imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
4.挖掘意义
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
【典例示例】
Compassion is a desire within us to help others．With effort, we can translate compassion into action．An experience last weekend showed me this is true．I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly．These old people are our main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness．But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson．This untidy man walked up to my register(收款机) with a box of biscuits．He said he was out of cash(现金), had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards．He asked if we could let him have the food on trust．He promised to repay me the next day．
    I couldn’t help staring at him．I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way．I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world．I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so．I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job．
    Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up．If anything, he looked more pitiable．“Charge it to me,” was all he said．
    What I had been feeling was pity．Pity is soft and safe and easy．Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action．I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either．Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself．I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.
解析：故事采用顺叙的叙事方法，主要情节发展如下：One aged gentleman begged me to have the food on trust and promised to repay the next day.---- I told him the store rules didn’t allow me to do so.---- Another man wanted me to charge the food to him.----I paid for the biscuits myself. 作者用第一人称讲述自己亲身经历的这段故事，让人觉得亲切可信，同时也增强了文章的感染力。作者说自己通过这段故事学会了compassion（同情），事实上也是在号召读者多伸出同情之手，共建和谐社会。
【检测训练】
1
The city of Richmond announced that Roscoe Burnems would become the city’s first poet laureate (桂冠诗人), a poet recognized for achievements in poetry
During his two-year term as a poet laureate, Burnems is responsible for being a poetry advocate by providing access to poetry throughout the city and offering opportunities to use the power of words to heal wounds, open hearts and minds, and bring people closer together. He has the freedom to create and develop his own projects during his term and will receive a $4,000 annual bonus.
Burnems’ love of poetry began at an early age when he was struggling against depression. His English teacher recommended him to read poetry, which later brought him a peaceful mental state and helped him recover from depression. He soon decided that poetry was something he would run after for his lifetime. “People gravitate to poetry because they can find themselves in the poems,” he says. “It allows readers to feel the emotional part of our experiences.”
He says poetry is a great platform to discuss mental health. depression and the emotional stresses that come with daily life. Relieving those stresses is central to some of the work he does with young people Last year. Burnems started a youth poetry producing competition for local high school students.
Burnems says he loves and supports different types of art, and his next move is to explore poetry through cooperation across media Richmond’s paintings on the wall are a good example. He says, “Richmond is getting known for these beautiful paintings on display across the city, and I want to add a literary component to that.”
1. What is Burnems’ responsibility as a poet laureate?
A. Creating more good poems. B. Developing his own projects.
C. Spreading the power of poetry. D. Bringing poetry lovers together.
2. Why did Burnems develop a great passion for poetry?
A. Poetry made him more confident.
B. Poetry helped him through a tough time.
C. He was influenced by his English teacher.
D. He viewed writing poems as a lifelong career.
3. What does the underlined phrase “gravitate to” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Take pride in. B. Be used to. C. Break away from. D. Be attracted by.
4. What is Burnems going to do in the near future?
A. To shift his focus to paintings. B. To combine poetry with other arts.
C. To hold more poetry competitions. D. To help youth with mental problems.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了里士满市宣布Burnems将成为该市第一位桂冠诗人，一位以诗歌成就著称的诗人。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Burnems is responsible for being a poetry advocate by providing access to poetry throughout the city and offering opportunities to use the power of words to heal wounds, open hearts and minds, and bring people closer together. (Burnems负责成为一名诗歌倡导者，通过在整个城市提供诗歌的途径，并提供机会使用文字的力量来治愈创伤、打开心灵和思想，并使人们更加紧密)”可知，Burnems的主要职责是向人们传播诗歌并让人们从中受益。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Burnems’ love of poetry began at an early age when he was struggling against depression. His English teacher recommended him to read poetry, which later brought him a peaceful mental state and helped him recover from depression. (Burnems对诗歌的热爱始于他与抑郁症作斗争的早期。他的英语老师推荐他阅读诗歌，这使他后来获得了平静的精神状态，帮助他从抑郁中恢复过来)”可知，诗歌让Burnems从抑郁中获得了平静的精神状态。故选B项。
3. 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句““People gravitate to poetry because they can find themselves in the poems,” he says. “It allows readers to feel the emotional part of our experiences.”(“人们gravitate to诗歌，因为他们可以在诗歌中找到自己，”他说,“它还让读者能够感受到我们经历中的情感部分。”)”可知，根据后半句引导的原因状语从句作为解释，“因为人们在诗歌中找到自我，在诗歌中感受到自身经历的情感”。由此推知，前半句是说人们喜欢诗歌。由此推知，划线词组gravitate to意为“被吸引”。A项“为某事感到自豪”；B项“习惯于”；C项“摆脱”；D项“被……所吸引”。故选D项。
4. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句话“his next move is to explore poetry through cooperation across media Richmond’s paintings on the wall are a good example. (他的下一步是通过跨媒体合作探索诗歌，里士满墙上的画就是一个很好的例子)”可知，他打算把诗歌和画结合，说明是把诗歌和其他艺术结合。故选B项。
2
It was the early morning of August 5, 1888, and her husband was still sleeping. She left a note for her husband on the table, saying that she and their two sons had already left to visit Pforzheim, Germany, 90 kilometers away. She purposely didn’t mention her means of transportation. It wasn’t until Carl Benz checked the workshop in his factory that he realized his family hadn’t taken the train. His new invention was gone.
Bertha had just committed the world’s first car theft. Her husband was a brilliant engineer who had designed the world’s first automobile in 1885. However, without sharp business mind, his product wasn’t going anywhere. Bertha understood what every modern business knows: marketing a product requires different skills than designing one. To provide a proof that the vehicle was reliable and could also master long-distance routes, she intended to drive with the motor from Mannheim to Pforzheim to show what it could do.
Once the three hit the road, they had to conquer novel problems. At 2.5 horsepower, they could not climb steep slopes without pushing it from behind. Going downhill, the car burnt out the brake shoes. Bertha stopped off at a cobbler and asked him to equip the brake shoes with a leather lining. In so doing, Bertha Benz became the inventor of brake lining. The fuel amount was also underestimated. Bertha made her first fuel purchase at the Stadtapotheke, where the store still proudly displays a sign of being the first gas station in the world.
Following the “first shock”, as written in his memoirs, Carl felt an inner pride in his wife’s daring “test drive”. And sales soon stepped up with the spread of Bertha’s daring trip. Today, drivers can still experience this part of Mercedes-Benz success story along the Bertha Benz Memorial Route between Mannheim and Pforzheim, just as the first woman driver did.
5. Why did Bertha secretly take the road trip?
A. To save money on long-distance train fares.
B. To teach children how to drive automobiles.
C. To prove the performance of Carl’s invention.
D. To understand the knowledge of modern business.
6. What does the underlined word “novel” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Unexpected. B. Common. C. Additional. D. Slight.
7. What can we learn from the passage about Bertha’s trip?
A. Bertha’s trip ended at the Stadtapotheke.
B. Bertha’s trip helped to promote car business.
C. The car turned out to be a failure on the road.
D. Bertha fixed the brake shoes herself during the trip.
8. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Regrettable Crime B. A Surprising Discovery
C. A Creative Invention D. A Pioneering Undertaking
【答案】5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Carl Benz的妻子Bertha为了证明Carl的发明的性能，秘密地进行了公路旅行。在这次旅行中发现了存在一些问题同时Bertha的旅行促进了汽车行业的发展。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To provide a proof that the vehicle was reliable and could also master long-distance routes, she intended to drive with the motor from Mannheim to Pforzheim to show what it could do.(为了证明这辆车是可靠的，也能掌握长距离的路线，她打算驾驶着这辆车从曼海姆到普福尔茨海姆来展示它的能力)”可知，Bertha秘密地进行公路旅行是为了证明Carl的发明的性能。故选C。
6. 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“At 2.5 horsepower, they could not climb steep slopes without pushing it from behind. Going downhill, the car burnt out the brake shoes.”可知，在2.5马力的马力下，如果不从后面推它，他们就无法爬上陡峭的斜坡。下坡时，汽车的刹车片烧坏了，可见车上路后出现了一些意外的问题，故画线词意思是“意外的”。A. Unexpected.意外的；B. Common.普通的；C. Additional.额外的；D. Slight.轻微的。故选A。
7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And sales soon stepped up with the spread of Bertha’s daring trip.(随着Bertha大胆旅行的传播，销售额很快就增加了)”可知，Bertha的旅行促进了汽车行业的发展。故选B。
8. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Today, drivers can still experience this part of Mercedes-Benz success story along the Bertha Benz Memorial Route between Mannheim and Pforzheim, just as the first woman driver did.(今天，沿着从曼海姆到普福尔茨海姆的伯莎·奔驰纪念路线，司机们仍然可以体验到梅赛德斯-奔驰成功故事的这一部分，就像第一位女司机一样)”结合主要讲述了Carl Benz的妻子Bertha为了证明Carl的发明的性能，秘密地进行了公路旅行。在这次旅行中发现了存在一些问题同时Bertha的旅行促进了汽车行业的发展。可知，D选项“开拓性的事业”最符合文章标题。故选D。
3
When their daughter Morey started kindergarten, the Belanger family were worried because their 6-year-old daughter was deaf. Rather than send her to a special school for deaf children, Morey's parents decided to give her a traditional school experience and send her to Dayton Consolidated School.
They worried if their daughter would be able to make friends. They also had concerns as to how her classmates would treat her and whether her teachers would be able to help her learn effectively(有效地). But then the school had a response they never expected — teaching all their students and staff sign language. That way, everyone could communicate with Morey on a personal level.
"I absolutely feel like it makes her feel welcomed," said Morey's mom. "I think all the kids feel excited that they know another language and I think they think it's fun. It makes me happy to see her supported, loved and accepted. Morey is excited to go to school every day. She's made really good friendships. "
Not only did they learn sign language，but they also put up sign language posters in the halls and equipped a special hearing system. Additionally, they provided extra training so that teachers could become more familiar with the language. “Morey, without even knowing it, has taught us so much," says headmaster Kimberly Sampietro. "She's brought a culture to our system that we didn't have before. Morey helped the whole class to learn the alphabet. The kids look up to her, they want her around, and they want to partner with her. ”
Morey's hearing loss is a result of a condition that's so rare that it's never been named. However, thanks to the hard work and goodwill of her classmates and teachers, she can communicate with them on her terms.
9. What concerned the Belangers when Morey started kindergarten?
A. That they would have to separate from her.
B. That they could hardly afford her education.
C. Whether she could lead a normal school life.
D. Whether she could receive special training.
10. Why did Dayton Consolidated School teach all their students and staff sign language?
A. To equip them with one more practical skill.
B. To develop closer student-teacher relationships.
C. Out of concern for their teaching effectiveness.
D. Out of concern for a student with special needs.
11. What does Morey's mom think of the kindergarten's response?
A. Inspiring and useful. B. Dull but worthwhile.
C. Considerate but complex. D. Shocking and controversial.
12. What do Kimberly Sampietro's words in paragraph 4 imply?
A. Morey is good at teaching others.
B. Morey isn't the only one who benefited.
C. Morey has become a symbol of the kindergarten.
D. Morey hasn't brought any changes to the kindergarten.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了6岁的莫雷失聪了。莫雷的父母并没有把她送往聋哑儿童的特殊学校，而是决定给她提供传统的学校经历，而学校不仅帮助老师和同学学习手语，而且还在大厅张贴手语海报，并配备了特殊的听觉设备来帮助莫雷。
9. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They worried if their daughter would be able to make friends. They also had concerns as to how her classmates would treat her and whether her teachers would be able to help her learn effectively.(他们担心女儿能否交到朋友。他们还担心她的同学会如何对待她，以及她的老师是否能够帮助她有效地学习)”可知，莫雷开始上幼儿园时，班朗一家人担心她是否可以过正常的学校生活，故选C项。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But then the school had a response they never expected — teaching all their students and staff sign language. That way, everyone could communicate with Morey on a personal level.(但后来学校做出了一个出乎意料的反应——教所有学生和教职员工手语。这样，每个人都可以与莫雷进行个人层面的交流)”可知，代顿综合学校教所有学生和员工手语是出于对有特殊需要的学生的关注。故选D项。
11. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It makes me happy to see her supported, loved and accepted. Morey is excited to go to school every day. She's made really good friendships. (看到她被支持、被爱、被接受，我很高兴。莫雷每天上学都很兴奋。她交了很好的朋友)”可推知，莫雷的妈妈认为幼儿园的反应是激励人心且有用的。故选A项。
12. 推理判断题。根据第四段“She's brought a culture to our system that we didn,t have before. Morey helped the whole class to learn the alphabet. The kids look up to her, they want her around, and they want to partner with her.(她给我们的系统带来了一种我们以前没有的文化。莫雷帮助全班同学学习字母表。孩子们尊敬她，他们希望她在身边，他们希望和她成为搭档)”可推知，金伯利·桑皮耶特罗的话意味着莫雷不是唯一受益的人。故选B项。
4
The bell for lunch rang at Glendale Primary School. However, instead of heading to the canteen like all the other children did, Jonah, a new student at the school, went to the library. Other than the noise of the air-conditioner, the library was quiet and there was barely a soul in sight. Far in a corner, he spotted Mrs Lim, the librarian, who was too busy shelving some books to pay any attention to him. The library was near to the canteen. Jonah could hear children laughing and chatting. He wished he was outside playing with some friends but he did not let this bother him.
Suddenly, Jonah heard a sound in the corner. He looked around and saw a pair of eyes looking at him from behind, the bookshelves. Jonah turned back, eyes as wide as saucers (茶碟). “Oh dear!” he whispered. He peeked (窥视) over his shoulder again and saw a smaller boy walking towards him.
The boy pulled out the chair next to Jonah and sat down. “I’m Henry. Why are you reading here when you could be playing with your friends instead?” asked he. “Uh...” Jonah looked around the library, avoiding Henry’s gaze (注视). He did not want Henry to know the real reason why he was in the library. What would Henry think of him if he knew Jonah did not have any friends? It would make Jonah feel more uncomfortable.
As Jonah turned the page, he realized Henry was still sitting there, watching him steadily.
“I know how you feel. Just say hello to someone today,” Henry encouraged Jonah. “I promise they’ll respond. Once you’ve made the first move, it just gets easier.”
Jonah appreciated the advice and thanked him before making his way out of the library. In the hallway outside the library, a boy from Jonah’s class was crouched on the floor, picking up pens and pencils that had dropped out of his pencil case. Jonah remembered what Henry had advised him to do.
“Hello, I’m Jonah. Let me help you,” he offered.
The boy looked up at him. “Thank you! My name is Ruben.”
Victory at last, Jonah thought, feeling proud of himself.
13. What can we know from the text?
A. The thought of playing outside bothered Jonah.
B. The library was not crowded at lunchtime.
C. The librarian was annoyed by the noise outside.
D. Jonah had had lunch before going to the library.
14. Why were Jonah’s eyes “as wide as saucers” in paragraph 2?
A. He turned too quickly and felt a little dizzy.
B. He was shocked by the pair of eyes peeking at him.
C. He was too thin because of lacking enough nutrition.
D. He didn’t expect the smaller boy would come to him.
15. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Jonah’s not having any friends in the school.
B. Henry’s impoliteness in asking the question.
C. Jonah’s shyness after he found Henry’s gaze.
D. Henry’s thought of Jonah if he knew Jonah’s real situation.
16. Why was Jonah proud of himself at last?
A. He had never doubted or forgotten Henry’s advice.
B. He had completed a good deed of helping a classmate.
C. He had managed to overcome his fear and shyness.
D. He had met a classmate who was in the same situation.
【答案】13. B 14. B 15. D 16. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了乔纳是个害羞的孩子，这天他一个人躲到了图书馆里去了，遇到了亨利，最后在亨利的鼓励下，第一次和别人打了招呼。
13. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Other than the noise of the air-conditioner, the library was quiet and there was barely a soul in sight.(除了空调的噪音，图书馆很安静，几乎看不到一个人)”可知，此处表示午餐时间图书馆并不拥挤。故选B项。
14. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He looked around and saw a pair of eyes looking at him from behind, the bookshelves. Jonah turned back, eyes as wide as saucers (茶碟). “Oh dear!” he whispered.(他环顾四周，看见一双眼睛从书架后面看着他。乔纳转过身来，眼睛睁得像碟子一样大。”哦，天哪！”他低声说)”可知，此处表示一双眼睛从书架后面盯着他看，他惊呆了，所以眼睛才会像碟子一样大。故选B项。
15. 指代猜测题。根据第三段中“What would Henry think of him if he knew Jonah did not have any friends? It would make Jonah feel more uncomfortable.(如果亨利知道乔纳没有朋友，他会怎么想他？这会让乔纳觉得更不舒服)”可知，此处表示“It”指代如果亨利知道乔纳没有朋友，他会对乔纳有什么想法。故选D项。
16. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Once you’ve made the first move, it just gets easier.(一旦你迈出了第一步，事情就变得简单多了)”和倒数三段““Hello, I’m Jonah. Let me help you,” he offered. The boy looked up at him. “Thank you! My name is Ruben.” Victory at last, Jonah thought, feeling proud of himself.(“你好，我是乔纳。“让我来帮你，”他说。男孩抬头看着他。”非常感谢。我叫鲁本。“终于胜利了，乔纳心想，为自己感到骄傲)”可知，此处表示乔纳设法克服了恐惧和羞怯，第一次和别人打了招呼，并且帮助了同学。故选C项。
5
Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum, which made the comb two years older than I was. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”
I was more than happy to do it. At age five this mundane task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me and place the comb on top of his wallet.
About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. He didn’t come home as much as he used to – just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.
Today, I’m no longer a kid. I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has got back on track. Things are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.
Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.
I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad has aged. He has wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiles, yet his smile is still as heartwarming as before. The smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family. Dad carefully placed his comb on top of his wallet.
After so many years, he still organizes his personal items in the same meticulous way. I guess some things never change. And for that, I’m glad.
17. What caused the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me?
A. Generation gap. B. Dad’s failure in business.
C. My ignorance of Dad. D. Dad’s absence from the family.
18. Which of the following can best describe Dad?
A. Gentle but strict. B. Hardworking and caring.
C. Cautious and realistic. D. Demanding but patient.
19. Why did Dad ask his daughter to clean his comb before her birthday?
A. To give her a lesson. B. To follow his old habit.
C. To fix their relationship. D. To praise her helpfulness.
20. Which saying concludes the text best?
A. Yesterday once more. B. Let bygones be bygones.
C. Some things never change. D. Like father, like daughter.
【答案】17. D 18. B 19. C 20. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候很喜欢给父亲清理梳子，后来父亲因为生意繁忙常不在家，和作者逐渐疏远，后来作者大学毕业参加工作，爸爸的生意又重回正轨了，然而作者和爸爸之间令人不安的沉默依然存在。直到后来在作者生日前两天，父亲提早回家并让作者给自己清理梳子，并且像以前一样，用同样细致的方式整理自己的个人物品。作者想有些事情永远不会改变，感到很高兴。
17. 细节理解题。根据第三段“About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. He didn’t come home as much as he used to – just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.(大约两年后，爸爸辞去了销售工作，开始了自己的批发生意。我开始上小学。从那时起，事情开始发生变化。他不像以前那样经常回家了——一周只有几次。当他真的回家时，总是很晚，而我已经上床睡觉了。我开始生气了。我不再等他回家，也不再下楼去看他)”以及第四段“Today, I’m no longer a kid. I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has got back on track. Things are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.(今天，我不再是个孩子了。我大学毕业了，找到了工作。爸爸的生意又重回正轨了。现在情况好多了。然而，我和爸爸之间令人不安的沉默依然存在)”可知，父亲经常不在家里导致了爸爸和作者之间令人不安的沉默。故选D。
18. 推理判断题。根据第三段“About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. He didn’t come home as much as he used to – just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.(大约两年后，爸爸辞去了销售工作，开始了自己的批发生意。我开始上小学。从那时起，事情开始发生变化。他不像以前那样经常回家了——一周只有几次。当他真的回家时，总是很晚，而我已经上床睡觉了。我开始生气了。我不再等他回家，也不再下楼去看他)”以及倒数第三段“Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.(去年我生日的前两天，爸爸提早回家了。像往常一样，我帮他把包搬进书房。当我转身要离开时，他说：“嘿，你能帮我清理一下梳子吗？”我看了他一会儿，然后拿着梳子走向水槽)”可推知，父亲为了生意早出晚归，可见他努力工作，同时为了修复和女儿的关系，让女儿在生日前给自己清理梳子，可见他关心他人。故选B。
19. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.(去年我生日的前两天，爸爸提早回家了。像往常一样，我帮他把包搬进书房。当我转身要离开时，他说：“嘿，你能帮我清理一下梳子吗？”我看了他一会儿，然后拿着梳子走向水槽)”可知，爸爸要他的女儿在她生日前给他洗梳子是为了修复他们的关系。故选C。
20. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I guess some things never change. And for that, I’m glad.(我想有些事情永远不会改变。对此，我很高兴)”结合文章讲述了作者小时候很喜欢给父亲清理梳子，后来父亲因为生意繁忙常不在家，和作者逐渐疏远，后来作者大学毕业参加工作，爸爸的生意又重回正轨了，然而作者和爸爸之间令人不安的沉默依然存在。直到后来在作者生日前两天，父亲提早回家并让作者给自己清理梳子，并且像以前一样，用同样细致的方式整理自己的个人物品。作者想有些事情永远不会改变，感到很高兴。可推知，C选项“有些事情永远不会改变”最好地总结了这篇文章。故选C。
6
The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn't believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada's counselor had said that she had real talent in science.
Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year's class was a breeze, but come on, Honors Chemistry? She wouldn't know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn't know anyone like her.
The good thing about being late is that it shortened the period a bit. The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. To make matters worse, the only two seats left in class were at the lab table at the very front of the room.
Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyone's eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair（freshly dyed）, her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants.
This can't get any worse, Jada thought. But at least she didn't get shouted at by the teacher. He was too busy talking to a new kid. A HUGE new kid, maybe 6'4". He had to weigh at least 250 pounds. A football player, probably. She hated football players. They thought they were so great. That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.
The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat, and his legs wouldn't fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red.
Mr. Martin, the teacher, began class with this announcement: "Okay, everyone. I know most of you know each other from last year's Honors Physical Science class." Jada sighed loudly. "But just take a minute and introduce yourself to the person sitting at your table. You'll be partners. You'll be working closely together all year."
Jada rolled her eyes and stared straight ahead. Then she heard a surprisingly soft voice from next to her. "Hi, I'm Robert. I'm new here."…
21. What can be learned about Jada from the first two paragraphs?
A. She thought this year's chemistry class would be a breeze.
B. She wasn't willing to take the Honors Chemistry class.
C. She was angry that her mother made her go to school.
D. She found she didn't like science as she thought.
22. The writer described Jada's appearance in paragraph 4 in order to________.
A. reveal how different she was from her classmates
B. explain why she was late for school that morning
C. give readers a general impression of science students
D. imply that she felt sorry for making a grand entrance
23. In paragraph 5, the phrase "that group of jocks" refers to________.
A. the new kid B. Jada's classmates C. Jada's teacher D. football players
24. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of the new kid?
A. He was rude. B. He liked sports. C. He was shy. D. He looked sad.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jada第一次上化学课迟到的经历以及她的心理活动。
21. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn't believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada's counselor had said that she had real talent in science. (铃响了。Jada叹了口气，慢慢地从她靠着的储物柜旁走出来，朝大厅走去，去上化学课。高等化学！Jada不敢相信她妈妈让她去上课，因为Jada的辅导员说她在科学方面真的很有天赋)”,以及第二段“Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year's class was a breeze, but come on, Honors Chemistry? She wouldn't know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn't know anyone like her. (Jada不得不承认她喜欢科学，去年的课很轻松，但是得了吧，高等化学？她不认识班上的任何人，他们可能也不认识像她这样的人)”可推断，Jada对于妈妈居然让她去上化学课心里有些抵触，所以才会在第一次上课时，铃响之后，才慢悠悠的起身去教室，而且心里觉得新的班级里没有任何认识的人，即在新的班级会感觉很不自在；也就是说，Jada是不愿意去上化学课的；选项B意为“她不愿意去上高等化学课”，与原文相符。故选B项。
22. 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. (不好的是，这让她看起来像是在隆重登场)”，第四段第四句“They were staring at her coal black hair（freshly dyed）, her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket (他们盯着她新染成的黑色的头发，黑色的口红，黑色的指甲油，还有她的旧货店黑色皮夹克)”以及第五段第一句“This can't get any worse, Jada thought. (Jada想，情况再糟糕不过了。)”可推断，Jada已经提前预料到了迟到会让她的出现看起来很隆重，因为大家都会注意到她，且她觉得这种状况很糟糕；第四段里作者描述Jada与众不同的外表，更能凸显出因为Jada迟到，而且她的外表跟班上其他同学对比明显，大家会更加清楚地注意到她，因此Jada心里感到心虚和抱歉；选项D意为“暗示她为一个隆重的入场感到抱歉”，与原文相符。故选D项。
23. 词句猜测题。根据上文的“She hated football players. They thought they were so great. (她讨厌足球运动员。他们觉得自己很棒)”，以及该词组所在句“That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her. (那群在自助餐厅闲逛的运动员总是取笑她)”可知“That group of jocks”指代前文的“football players”。故选D项。
24. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的第一句“The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. (新来的孩子低着头走到她的桌子前)”中的“低着头”，以及倒数第三段最后一句“He shot Jada a glance and turned red. (他瞥了Jada一眼，脸红了)”中的“脸红了”可推断，新来的孩子是一个害羞的人；选项C意为“他很害羞”，与原文相符。故选C项。
7
One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is providing them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps receive morning and evening food-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always looking for more ways to keep the chimps mentally engaged. With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive personality, care staff often find that different chimps react differently to new enrichment.
Last year, we began inviting musicians to perform for chimps to see what they may respond. A violin performance received quite the response. Additional musicians were lined up to visit but the coronavirus has stopped the activities, which we hope to resume in the near future.
This past week, we brought an electric piano for the chimps to investigate. Some chimps, like twins Buttercup and Clarisse, were immediately interested and could not wait to tap out a few notes. Others, like Emma, were more interested in trying to take it apart.
29-year-old Precious has very little tolerance for the piano. She sat off to the side for a few minutes, but eventually she decided that was enough. She called an end to the enrichment session by throwing a handful of waste at the piano. Receiving her message loud and clear, we removed the piano.
We could never have guessed how 33-year-old Luke would react to it. As with many retired lab chimpanzees, Luke has some anxiety issues. He seems particularly distrustful of anything new, including people, food, and enrichment. But when we presented the chimps with the piano, Luke was the first to investigate. We could not believe our eyes—this usually anxious chimpanzee bravely chose to explore something new!
To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all about: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are honored to be part of their journey.
25. Why do chimpanzees respond differently to new enrichment?
A. They are of different genders.
B. They have natural curiosities.
C. They are as intelligent as humans.
D. They have their unique characters.
26. Who showed the least interest in the piano?
A. Buttercup and Clarisse. B. Emma.
C. Precious. D. Luke.
27. What does the underlined word “resume” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Continue. B. Suspend. C. Monitor. D. Regulate.
28. What is the text mainly about?
A. How caregivers care for the retired chimpanzees.
B. What care staff do to enrich chimpanzees’ daily life.
C. How chimpanzees are trained through various enrichment.
D. What Project Chimps does to observe and study wild chimps.
【答案】25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员如何通过各种方法丰富黑猩猩的生活的故事。
25. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive personality, care staff often find that different chimps react differently to new enrichment. (有79只黑猩猩，每只都有各自独特的个性，护理人员经常发现，不同的黑猩猩对新事物的反应不同)”可知，每只猩猩都有自己独特的个性，所以对新事物会有不同的反应；选项D意为“他们有自己独特的性格”，与原文相符。故选D项。
26. 细节理解题。根据第四段前三句的“29-year-old Precious has very little tolerance for the piano. She sat off to the side for a few minutes, but eventually she decided that was enough. She called an end to the enrichment session by throwing a handful of waste at the piano. (29岁的Precious对钢琴的承受力很小。她在一旁坐了几分钟，但最后她觉得已经够了。她向钢琴扔了几个垃圾，以此结束了丰富的演奏)”可知，Precious对钢琴最不感兴趣。故选C项。
27. 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Additional musicians were lined up to visit but the coronavirus has stopped the activities, which we hope to resume in the near future. (更多的音乐家排队等着来为黑猩猩们演奏，但冠状病毒已经导致这个活动停止了，我们希望在不久的将来恢复这个活动)”，可知这个让音乐家给猩猩演奏乐器的活动因为新冠病毒被迫中止，但是我们希望在不久的将来能恢复这个活动，即继续进行这个活动。选项A意为“继续”，与原文相符。故选A项。
28. 主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句“One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is providing them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps receive morning and evening food-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always looking for more ways to keep the chimps mentally engaged. (照顾像黑猩猩这样聪明的动物最大的挑战之一是为他们提供丰富的生活体验。每天，“黑猩猩计划”的黑猩猩都会收到早晚的伴随食物一起的丰富体验，但护理人员总是在寻找更多的方法让黑猩猩保持精神状态)”，以及最后一段“To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all about: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are honored to be part of their journey. (对于从事黑猩猩计划的我们来说，这就是它的全部意义：给予黑猩猩选择的自由。我们很荣幸能成为他们旅程的一部分)”可知，本文主要讲述了参与“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员为了丰富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各种措施；选项B意为“护理人员如何丰富黑猩猩的日常生活”，与原文相符。故选B项。
8
British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums. Over the years, the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide. On February 1, 2021, Taylor launched his latest work---The Underwater Museum of Cannes.
“The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help,” Taylor told Dezeen. “Ocean ecologies have been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades, and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.”
The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages. They range from Maurice, an 80-year-old fisherman, to Anouk, a 9-year-old student. Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.
Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.
“The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection,” Taylor told Dezeen. “If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.”
29. What are the underwater museums intended to do?
A. To make huge profits.
B. To raise awareness of protecting the ocean.
C. To show Jason Taylor’s talent.
D. To draw attention to endangered sea animals.
30. Why does the outer part of the sculptures look like a mask?
A. To popularize the features of the locals.
B. To remind people to protect themselves.
C. To reflect people’s protection of the ocean.
D. To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem.
31. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. How the project was started. B. How the seagrass was restored.
C. What recovery effort the project made. D. Why the surroundings were improved.
32. What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph?
A. The situation of the ocean is easily ignored.
B. The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable.
C. Forests play a more important role in ecosystems.
D. People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature.
【答案】29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Taylor创建水下博物馆的初衷以及该项目所造成的积极影响。
29. 细节理解题。根据第二段““The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help,” Taylor told Dezeen.”（Taylor告诉Dezeen记者:“我们的主要目标是让人们注意到我们的海洋需要我们的帮助。” ）可知水下博物馆旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。
30. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.”（这些脸有6英尺高，重达10吨，被分成两部分，外部部分像一个面具。 这幅面具表明，从表面上看，世界上的海洋似乎强大而不可战胜，但它的生态系统对于粗心大意的人类活动来说极其脆弱）可知雕塑的外部看起来像一个面具是为了强调生态系统的敏感性。故选D。
31. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.”（虽然雕塑周围的水域现在呈现出一种纯净的蓝色，但当该项目大约四年前开始时，海底充满了旧的船只引擎、管道和其他人造垃圾。 除了清理垃圾，泰勒还恢复了该地区的海草。 仅仅一平方米的海草每天就能产生多达10升的氧气。 海草还有助于防止海岸侵蚀，并为许多海洋生物提供栖息地）可知第四段主要讲了项目做出了哪些恢复努力。故选C。
32. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection,” Taylor told Dezeen. “If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.””（Taylor告诉Dezeen的记者:“创建水下博物馆的想法是为了吸引更多的人在水下，并培养一种关心和保护的意识。” “如果我们在森林附近扔垃圾，会引起公众的强烈抗议。 但这种情况每天都在我们周围的水域发生，而且很大程度上被忽视了。” ）可推断出海洋的情况很容易被忽视。故选A。