高中英语高考考点21主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过

这是一份高中英语高考考点21主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过，共17页。试卷主要包含了主语从句，同位语从句，基础过关，体验真题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考向二 主语从句
1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示＂……的东西＂时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。
☞That she will succeed is certain.
常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：
(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrng，imprtant，certain，clear，bvius，strange，nrmal等)＋that从句
☞It is certain that mst f the farmers have brught in mre mney by all means.
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，gd news，a fact，an hnur，a wnder，n wnder等)＋that从句
It’s n wnder that yu’ve achieved s much success.
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，tld，heard，reprted，decided，suggested，advised，rdered，remembered，thught，cnsidered，well­knwn，annunced等)＋that从句
☞It is said that the prfessr has already succeeded in carrying ut the experiment.
(4)It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句
☞It happened t me that I had been away when he called.
☞It is certain that she will succeed.
注意：(1)在＂It is necessary/imprtant/strange/natural...＋that从句＂结构中，从句谓语常用＂(shuld＋)动词原形＂形式。
【拓展延伸】主语从句的引导词
【特别注意】当作主语的句子太长时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置后。if＂是否＂，不可直接引导主语从句(用it作形式主语时可以) 。
3. 主语从句的特殊用法
（1）主语从句与定语从句的转换
☞What is needed has been bught.
☞All that is needed has been bught.
所有需要的都被买了。
（2）几个特殊句型之间的转换
☞It is knwn t all that China has jined the WTO.
As is knwn t all, China has jined the WTO.
What is knwn t all is that China has jined the WTO.众所周知，中国已加入WTO。
4. 从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题
(1)从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
That they are nt ging t the cinema is a big surprise t us.他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。
(2)what引导的从向作主语，谓语动词一般用单数;若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词常用复数。
What she said is wrng.她所说的是错误的。
What we need are bks.我们所需要的是书籍。
1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)The gld medal will be awarded ___________t wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whmever B. wherever
C. whever D. whatever
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
2.（2017·北京卷·单项填空） Every year, ________ makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whever
C. whmever D. whichever
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，________ makes the mst beautiful kite作主语，且所填词指人，既作从句的主语又作主句的主语，所以选 whever(whmever不能作主语)。句意：每年， 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。
3.（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）It is ften the case ____________ anything is pssible fr thse wh hang n t hpe.
A. whyB. whatC. asD. that
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词why要在句中作状语，连接代词what通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。
考向四表语从句
引导表语从句的连接词主要有：
连接词：that，whether
连接代词：wh，whm，whse，which，what，whever whmever，whichever，whatever
连接副词：when，where，hw，why
1. 连接词引导
☞The reasn fr his absence is that he hasn’t been infrmed. 他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。
☞The questin remains whether they will be able t help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。
2. 连接代词和连接副词引导
☞The prblem is wh will take charge f this shp. 问题是谁将接管这家店铺。
☞That is when I realized the imprtance f jurnalism. 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。
注意：
（1）as/as if/as thugh引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，lk，taste，sund，feel等。
☞It sunds as if smene is kncking at the dr. 听上去好像有人在敲门。
☞At that time, it seemed as thugh I culdn’t think f the right wrd. 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
（2）当主句的主语是reasn时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reasn why... is that...
☞The reasn why he came late was that he gt up late. 他来得晚是因为起床晚了。
2表语从句的三个易混句式
1.(2018·北京卷·单项填空) Withut his supprt, we wuldn’t be _________ we are nw.
A. hw B. when C. where D. why
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。hw表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are nw”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
2.（2016·北京卷·单项填空） The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is ________ ne can be entirely free frm dust.
A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】 考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到灰尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。
考向五 同位语从句
1. 同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词idea, fact, news, hpe, thught, suggestin等抽象名词之后；
2. 连接词that不能省略，无意义无成分；
3. 用whether而不用if引导同位语从句；
4. 连接代词wh(m), which, what，whse在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；
5. 连接副词where, when, why, hw在从句作状语。
6.分割式同位语从句：同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）。
☞The stry ges that William Tell did kill the king with that swrd.
7.若被同位语从句说明的名词是：advice, suggestin, prpsal(建议), demand, request, requirement, rder(命令)等表示建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用"(shuld)+d"。
8.区别由that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句：
①定语从句中的that是代词，可在从句中作主、宾、表；同位语从句中的that是连词，无成分无意义；
②定语从句——说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系；
同位语从句——对名词即先行词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现。
③在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。
1.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
【参考答案】that
【答案解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
2. (2019﹒江苏﹒T25) Scientists have btained mre evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.
A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
2. The nly way t succeed at the highest level is t have ttal belief ________ yu are better than anyne else n the sprts field.
hw B. that
C. whichD. whether
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】 句意：最高水平成功的唯一途径是得有一个总的信念，那就是在运动场上你比任何人都强。分析句子结构可知＂ yu are better than anyne else n the sprts field＂是同位语从句，对belief进行解释说明，从句不缺句子成分，故用连接词that引导，答案为B。
3.News came frm the schl ffice ______ Wang Lin had been admitted t Peking University.
A. which B. that
C. what D. where
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查同位语从句。本题属于分割式同位语从句，谓语came较短，同位语从句较长，名词和同位语从句被frm the schl ffice 分开，that 引导同位语从句Wang Lin had been admitted t Beijing University解释news的内容，在句中起引导作用，没有具体的意思。故选B。
题组一 基础过关
I．单句语法填空
1．________ she was invited t the ball made her very happy.
2．Children shuld be reminded f ________ they shuld d in public places.
3．Dick enjys painting but he knws the fact ________ he desn't have what it takes t be a prfessinal.
4．Success partially depends n ________ yu have the patience t d simple things perfectly.
5．I lst my cell phne yesterday. Can yu tell me ________ I can buy ne?
6．It never ccurred t me ________ yu culd succeed in persuading him t change his mind.
7．________ breaks the law will be punished.
8．She will give ________ needs help a warm supprt.
9．I have n idea ________ the girl is ding in her rm nw.
10．________ is well knwn t everyne, I shuld say, is that a man becmes learned by asking questins.
11．Exactly ________ the ptat was intrduced int Eurpe is uncertain, but it was prbably arund 1565.
12．It shcked the wrld ________ the United States withdrew frm sme majr agreements it had been cmmitted t, including the 2015 Paris Agreement n climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal.
13．I need help nw! I have t fix a leaking pipe in my bathrm but I'm nt sure ________ I shuld begin.
14．Frty grams f meat per day is ________ peple shuld cnsume in rder t stay fit.
15．The famus player tried again and again after each failure. That's ________ he succeeded at last.
16．The retired engineer is shwing ________ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curius visitrs want t knw.
17．It hasn't been made clear ________ the new undergrund line is t be pen t traffic.
18．The prblem is ________ smetimes when we are given smething n a cnstant basis, we start t take it fr granted and frget t be thankful fr what we already have.
19．Ten percent f life is ________ happens t yu and ninety percent is ________ yu respnd t it.
20．After a day's exhausting climb we arrived at ________ we had been tld was Garden in the Air.
21．Smetimes, ________ we shw ur gratitude t a persn is reflected in the kind f fd we serve him r her.
22．It remains t be seen ________ this plan is practical enugh t keep the prject ging.
23．Sme summer camps can prvide yu with as many as ten curses, and yu are required t chse ________ suits yu best.
24．It is reprted that a huge percentage f bird species are in danger. It's ________ their habitats r hmelands are disappearing.
25．I just wnder ________ it is that all the villagers think highly f him.
26．If yu leave this applicatin frm and g t anther website, yu will lse ________ yu have already filled ut n this frm.
27．________ they've managed t get everything finished s quickly is nt clear t us.
28．A prpsal was put frward at the meeting ________ the new cement plant shuldn't be built near the schl.
29．The mst exciting mment was ________ I was given the first prize.
30．They are discussing the prblem ________ they shuld stp investing mney in that prject.
II．单句改错
1．The fact when he had nt said anything surprised me.
2．That the fat by needs is much mre practice.
3．That we can arrive there n time depends n the weather.
4．The reasn why she desn't like me is I make her angry.
5．I have been wrrying abut if I have hurt Mary's feelings.
6．That surprised us mst was that Tm shuld have left withut a wrd.
7．It's n lnger a questin nw whether man can land n the mn.
8．The real reasn why I dn't have a hbby is because I dn't have time.
9．The news they had wn the game sn spread ver the whle cuntry.
10．The rganizers prmise wh wins the first prize a chance t g abrad.
11．Mary is a humrus and warm­hearted wman and that is because she is a mst ppular persn in her cmmunity.
12．The questin is if they will be able t help us.
13．In the ffice an electrical engineer is lking thrugh the instructins t knw whether the heat system wrks.
14．I knw nthing abut him except he is frm the suth.
15．He says the bk is very interesting, and all the children lve t read it.
题组二 能力提升
1. 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One Saturday afternn，my mther was driving hme. On the halfway，after pulling ut her credit card t buy smething at the stre near the gas statin，she put her wallet n ____1____ tp f her car just fr a mment ____2____(answer) my phne call. And then bviusly，she frgt and drve ff. When arriving hme，she realized that and thught the chance ____3____getting it again was small.
She was s jyfully surprised when she fund a nte ____4____(stick)n her dr frm a persn wh said he and his friend fund her wallet a few hurs earlier. Patrick and Catherine saw the wallet in the middle f the rad a few blcks frm the gas statin. They stpped their car t pick it up. It was filled with all the things ne____5____(natural)kept in a wallet，sme bills and sme cash included. Hwever，n phne number，regardless f this，they____6____(manage)t get an address frm my mther’s driving licence，and withut hesitatin，they decided t drive t ur hme t return it.
When my mther went t get her wallet，she was s ____7____(relief) and grateful. She intended t give them sme mney as an ____8____(express) f gratitude，but they refused，saying that they were just glad t ffer my mther help.
They were hnest，and they had firm faith in the Glden Rule as well. They drve t ur hme because they realized the unpleasant and upset experience____9____the lss f a wallet and all its cntents culd cause. I think they were really____10____(cnsider) and helpful.
2. 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A mtrcycle, als___1___ (call)a mtrbike, bike, r cycle, is a tw-r three-wheeled mtr vehicle. Mtrcycle design varies greatly____2____(suit)a range f different purpses: lng distance travel, cmmuting, cruising, and sprts including racing and ff-rad riding. Mtrcycling is abut riding a mtrcycle and sme related ___3___(sciety)activities such as jining a mtrcycle club and ___4___(attend)mtrcycle rallies(拉力赛车)｡
In 1894, Hildebrand&. Wlfmuller became the first series prductin mtrcycle, and the first t
be called a mtrcycle. In 2012, the three tp mtrcycle prducers glbally by vlume___5___(be) Hnda frm Japan, Bajaj Aut and Her MtCrp,____6____were frm India.
The mtrcycle is a kind f luxury gds in the develped wrld, where they are used mstly fr leisure, as a lifestyle accessry r a symbl f persnal identity. In develping cuntries, mtrcycles are ___7___ (extreme)practical due t lwer prices and greater fuel ecnmy. ___8___all the mtrcycles in the wrld, 58%are in the Asia Pacific and Suthern and Eastern Asia ___9___ (regin), except car-centric Japan.
Hwever, there is data that peple shuld pay attentin t. Accrding t the United States Department f Transprtatin, ____10____number f deaths caused by mtrcycles was 37 times larger than cars.
3. 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Luis Cha (Chinese: Cha Leung Yung; 10 March 1924 - 30 Octber 2018), better knwn by his pen name Jin Yng, was a Chinese wuxia nvelist and essayist, ___1___ c-funded the Hng Kng daily newspaper Ming Ba in 1959 and served as ___2___ first editr-in-chief. He ___3___ (be) Hng Kng’s mst famus writer.
His wuxia nvels have a widespread fllwing in Chinese cmmunities wrldwide. His 15 wrks ___4___ (write) between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputatin as ne f the greatest and mst ppular wuxia writers ever. By the time f his death he was the best-selling Chinese authr, and ver 100 millin ___5___ (cpy) f his wrks have been sld wrldwide. Accrding t The Oxfrd Guide t Cntemprary Wrld Literature, Jin Yng’s Nvels are ___6___ (high) evaluated and are able t appeal t bth highbrw and lwbrw tastes. His wrks have the unusual ability ___7___ (g) beynd gegraphical and idelgical barriers separating Chinese cmmunities f the wrld, achieving ___8___ (great) success than any ther cntemprary writer.
His wrks ___9___ (translate) int many languages’ including English, French, Krean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai, Burmese, Malay and Indnesian. There are many fans utside f Chinese-speaking areas, as a result f the numerus adaptatins f his wrks int films, televisin series, cmics and vide games.
The asterid (小行星) 10930 Jinyng (1998 CR2) is named ___10___ him.
Jin Yng is named alng with Gu Lng and Liang Yusheng as the “Three Legs f the Tripd f Wuxia”.
题组三 体验真题
1.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
2. (2019﹒江苏﹒T25) Scientists have btained mre evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.
A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where
3.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)The gld medal will be awarded ___________t wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whmever B. wherever
C. whever D. whatever
4.(2018·北京卷·单项填空) Withut his supprt, we wuldn’t be _________ we are nw.
A. hw B. when C. where D. why
5.（2017·北京卷·单项填空） Every year, ________ makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whever
C. whmever D. whichever
题组一 基础过关
I．单句语法填空
1. 答案：That 空格处引导主语从句。从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此用that引导该主语从句。
2．答案：what 句意：应该提醒孩子们在公共场所应该做些什么。所填词引导宾语从句且在从句中作d的宾语，意为“……的事情”，故用what。
3．答案：that 句意：迪克喜欢画画，但他知道自己没有成为一名专业画家所需要的(素质)。that引导同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容。
4．答案：whether 根据句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句；根据句意可判断，设空处意为“是否”，其前有介词n，故填 whether。
5．答案：where where引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。
6．答案：that it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，因此用that。
7．答案：Whever 句意：无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。主语从句中缺少主语，指人，并且表泛指，故用whever。
8．答案：whever 句意：凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。由句意可知，应填whever，在宾语从句中充当主语。
9．答案：what 句意：我不知道那个女孩现在在房间里干什么。由句意可知，应填what，在同位语从句中作宾语，且意为“……的事情”。
10． 答案：What 分析句子成分可知，主语从句中缺少主语，且指事物，因此用what。
11．答案：when 句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从arund 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when。
12．答案：that 句意：令世界震惊的是，美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议，包括2015年《巴黎气候变化协定》和2015年《伊朗核协议》。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
13．答案：where 句意：我现在需要帮助！我不得不修理洗手间里一个正在漏水的管子，但是我不确定我应该从何处着手。此处引导宾语从句，表示“在哪里”，故填where。
14．答案：what 句意：为了保持健康，人们每天应该消耗40克肉。“________ peple shuld cnsume”是表语从句，该从句中，cnsume缺少宾语，且表示“所……的东西”，故要用what引导该从句。
15．答案：why 句意：每次失败后，这位著名的球员一次又一次地尝试。那就是为什么他最终成功了(的原因)。设空处后引导一个表语从句，用why引导从句，表示结果，故填why。
16． 答案：hw 句意：这位退休的工程师正在展示轮椅如何爬楼梯，这是所有有好奇心的游客想知道的。由句意可知填hw，意为“怎么，如何”。这是hw引导的宾语从句。
17．答案：when 句意：新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。由句意可知填when。这是when引导的主语从句，it是形式主语。
18．答案：that 句意：问题是，有时候当我们不断地被给予某些东西时，我们就认为这是理所当然的，从而忘记了要对我们已经拥有的东西应该心存感恩。设空处后引导表语从句，由于从句中成分完整，因此应用that来引导，that在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。
19．答案：what; hw 句意：生活的百分之十是事件本身，另有百分之九十在于你如何回应它。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，意为“什么事”，因此应用what来引导；第二空也引导表语从句，从句中成分齐全，因此应用hw，表方式。
20．答案：what 句意：经过一天筋疲力尽的攀爬，我们终于到了那个被称为“空中花园”的地方。分析句子结构可知，at为介词，后面是一个宾语从句，“we had been tld”为插入语，宾语从句中缺主语，且在句中意为“……的事物(东西)”，故用what。
21．答案：hw 句意：有时我们如何表达对一个人的感激之情会体现在招待他或她的食物种类上。此处用hw，表方式，引导主语从句。
22．答案：whether 句意：这个计划是否足够可行来让这个工程继续下去，还有待于进一步观察。whether引导主语从句，it是形式主语。
23． 答案：whichever 句意：一些夏令营可以提供多达10门课程，你可以从中选择最适合自己的课程。chse后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且前句提到范围即“as many as ten curses”，故此处表示你最喜欢的任何一门，故填whichever。
24． 答案：because 句意：据报道大部分鸟类正面临危险。这是因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。空格处引导表语从句。根据句意可知前后两句表示因果关系，故使用because。
25． 答案：why 句意：我就是想知道为什么所有的村民对他的评价这么高。wnder后面用why引导宾语从句。
26．答案：whatever 句意：如果你留下这个申请表不填，而去另一个网站，你将会丢失你在这个表格中已填好的任何东西。设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，意为“任何……”，故填whatever。
27．答案：Hw 句意：他们是怎样如此快速地把一切做完的我们还不清楚。主语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或定语，且由“managed t get everything finished”可知，空格处表示方式，因此填Hw。
28．答案：that 句意：一个建议在会上被提出来，新水泥厂不应该建在学校附近。设空处引导同位语从句，用以解释说明名词prpsal。
29．答案：when 句意：我最兴奋的时刻是我获得第一名的时候。根据句中的“exciting mment”可知，此处用when引导的表语从句。
30．They are discussing the prblem ________ they shuld stp investing mney in that prject.
II．单句改错
1．答案：when→that 本句中含有同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容，从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，故引导词用that。
2．答案：That→What is前面的句子是一个主语从句，从句中缺少needs的宾语，且意为“……的事物(东西)”，因此应用what。
3．答案：That→Whether 句意：我们是否能准时到达那里取决于天气。whether引导的主语从句可置于句首，本句中的主语从句缺少表示“是否”的连接词，故将That改为Whether。
4．答案：is后加that is后是一个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此应用that。表语从句中that不能省略。“The reasn why ... is that ...”是一固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”。
5．答案：if→whether 宾语从句位于介词之后，表“是否”时，只能用whether引导，不能用if。
6．答案：That→What 引导主语从句并且在从句中作主语，且意为“……的事情”，应用What。
7．答案：whether→that 句意：现在，人类是否能登上月球已经不再是一个问题了。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，从句中不缺成分。
8．答案：because→that 句意：我没有爱好的真正的原因是我没时间。表语从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此应用that。The reasn why ... is that ... “……的原因是……”。
9． 答案：news后加that 句意：他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了全国。that引导同位语从句，解释前面的news 的内容，that不能省略。
10． 答案：wh→whever 句意：组织者承诺无论谁获得一等奖都会有出国的机会。在题干中，prmise后面跟的是一个宾语从句，wh指具体的“谁”，与题意不符；whever是“无论谁”之意，相当于anyne wh，可引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，与题意相符。
11．答案：because→why 句意：玛丽是一个很幽默而且很热心的女人，这就是她为什么会成为社区里非常受欢迎的人。that is后引导的从句作is的表语，表结果，故用why。
12．答案：if→whether 句意：问题是他们是否能帮我们。本句中包含表语从句，if不连接表语从句，故将if改为whether。
13．答案：whether→hw 句意：办公室里一名电气工程师正在浏览说明书为了弄明白供热系统是如何工作的。knw后是一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中表示方式。根据句意可知，应将whether改为hw。
14． 答案：except后加that except that是一个固定结构，连接宾语从句，故在except后加that。
15． 答案：and后加that 动词后接有两个或者两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个以及以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。
题组二 能力提升
1. 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【答案】1. the 2. t answer 3. f 4. stuck 5. naturally
6. managed 7. relieved 8. expressin 9. that/which 10. cnsiderate
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者母亲丢失钱包，被好心人捡到归还的故事，赞扬乐于助人的精神。
考查固定短语。句意：为了接我的电话，她把钱包只是放在车顶上一小会儿。分析句子可知， n the tp f ……在……的顶端，顶部……。故填the。
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了接我的电话，她把钱包只是放在车顶上一小会儿。分析句子可知，t answer在这里是做目的状语，修饰前面的句子。故填 t answer。
考查介词。句意：当到家的时候，她意识到，想再次找到它的机会很小。分析句子可知， 这里缺少的是修饰chance的定语，再根据句意，……的机会。故填 f。
考查非谓语动词。句意：当她发现贴在门上的便条时，她非常高兴，感到惊讶，有人说他和他的朋友几小时前找到了她的钱包。分析句子可知，stick n the dr修饰nte作定语，并和nte是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。故填 stuck。
考查副词。句意：里面装满了钱包里的所有东西，包括一些钞票和一些现金。分析句子可知，natural修饰kept做状语，因为副词修饰动词做状语。故填naturally。
考查时态。句意：不过，没有电话号码，尽管这样，他们都设法从我母亲的驾照上找到地址，毫不犹豫地决定开车到我们家归还钱包。分析句子可知，manage在句中作谓语，整篇文章为一般过去时。故填managed。
考查形容词。句意：当我母亲去拿她的钱包时，她感到非常欣慰和感激。分析句子可知，句中缺少表语，relief的形容词，人感到欣慰的是relieved。故填relieved。
考查名词。句意：她想给他们一些钱表示感谢，但他们拒绝了，说他们只是很高兴为我母亲提供帮助。分析句子可知，介词as后应接名词作宾语。故填expressin。
考查定语从句。句意：他们开车到我们家，是因为他们意识到钱包和钱包里东西的丢失可能造成的不愉快和不安的经历。分析句子可知，experience后面跟了一个从句，此从句修饰experience做定语，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，应填关系代词。故填that/which。
10． 考查形容词。句意：我觉得他们真的很体贴也很乐于助人。分析句子可知，句子中缺少的是表语，根据句意，是体贴的。故填cnsiderate。
2. 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【答案】1. called 2. t suit 3. scial 4. attending 5. were
6. which 7. extremely 8. Of/Amng 9. regins 10. the
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍摩托车的发展史。
考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是is，所以call只能当非谓语动词使用。另外，call和前面名词mtrcycle构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。
考查非谓语动词。根据句意“摩托车设计变化很多，为了适应不同用途”可知，这里应该用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t suit。
考查形容词。scial activities意为“社会活动”，用形容词修饰名词activities。故填scial。
考查非谓语动词。根据上文中的jining，再结合and连接并列结构。故填attending。
考查时态和主谓一致。句子的主语是prducers，复数形式，时间是2012，所以这里应该用一般过去时态，故填were。
考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是the three tp mtrcycle prducers，指物，它在从句中作主语，且that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
考查副词。这里要用副词修饰形容词practical（实用的）。故填extremely。
考查介词。本句的另一种表达应该是58% f all the mtrcycles in the wrld可知，这里的f用来构成百分数。其次，本句也可理解为Amng all the mtrcycles作状语，而58%后面省略了f them。故填Of/Amng。
考查名词单复数。regin为可数名词，所以用复数形式。Eastern Asia regins是指“东亚地区”。故填regins。
50. 考查冠词。the number f是常见结构，意为“……的数量”。故填the。
3. 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【答案】1. wh 2. its/the 3. was 4. written 5. cpies
6. highly 7. t g 8. greater 9. have been translated 10. after
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，简要讲述了金庸先生的生平。
考查定语从句。根据句子结构关系可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Luis Cha ，在定语从句中作主语，用wh。
考查限定词用法。表示顺序的序数词前须加定冠词或者限定词，故填its/the。
考查谓语动词。本文讲述金庸生平，用一般过去时态，故填was。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处___4___ (write) between 1955 and 1972短语结构作后置定语，动词write与his wrks之间为被动关系，故填written。
考查名词复数。由其定语100 millin可知，此处名词为复数形式，故填cpies。
考查副词用法。此处应用副词形式修饰动词are evaluated，表示“受到高度评价”，故用highly。
考查非谓语动词。句意：他的作品具有超越分隔世界华人社区的地理和意识形态障碍的非凡能力。在ability后常用不定式形式作定语，指“…的能力”，故填t g。
考查形容词比较级。根据句意和其后的than可知，此处用比较级作定语，填greater。
9.考查时态和语态。主语为His wrks与动词translate之间为被动关系，且根据语境，此处强调现在的状态，故用现在完成时。句意：他的作品已被翻译成多国语言。故填have been translated。
10. 考查固定短语搭配。name after…. 意为“以…命名”。句意：10930号小行星(1998年CR2号)就是以他的名字命名的。故填after。
题组三 体验真题
1.【参考答案】that
【答案解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
2. 【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
3.【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
4.【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。hw表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are nw”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
5.【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，________ makes the mst beautiful kite作主语，且所填词指人，既作从句的主语又作主句的主语，所以选 whever(whmever不能作主语)。句意：每年， 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。
引导词
作用
引导词
作用
that
无词义，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略
hw
多么，怎样，作方式状语或程度状语
wh
谁，作主语、宾语
when
何时，作时间状语
whm
谁，作宾语
where
在哪儿，作地点状语
what
什么，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语
why
为什么，作原因状语
which
哪一个，哪些，作主语、宾语、定语
whether
是否
句式
用法
例句
This/'That is why+结果
意为"这那就是 wrk there. 那就是的原因"，why 引导表语从句。
That's why I want yu t wrk there.
我想要你在那儿工作的原因。
This/That/It is because +原因
意为"这/那是因为，because引导表语从句。
It's just because he |desn't knw her. 这
这仅仅是因为他不认识她 。
The reasn why... is that...
意为"的原因是……”，why定语从句，修饰先行词reasn, that引导表语从句。
The reasn why he didn't cme was that it was raining heavily.他没有来的原因是 (当时)雨下得很大。