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高中英语高考解密07 非谓语动词（学生版）——2021年高考英语高频考点解密
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这是一份高中英语高考解密07 非谓语动词（学生版）——2021年高考英语高频考点解密，共23页。
解密07非谓语动词
【命题趋势】
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
【名师指导】
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下：
1. 先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半
是非谓语动词题。
2. 看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；
3. 看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一
部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
4. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用现在分
词；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般
用过去分词。
5. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（t have dne/t have
been dne/ having dne/ Having been dne），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（t d / t be dne / ding / being
dne / dne）。
考向1 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
一、动名词和不定式作主语
能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：
表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；
表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。
动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。
▶Smking is prhibited(禁止)here. (抽象)
▶It is nt very gd fr yu t smke s much. (具体)
注意：
①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：
▶T see is t believe.＝Seeing is believing.
②常用动名词作主语的句型：
▶It’s n use cmplaining withut taking actin.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
1.（2019﹒天津卷﹒单项填空）____________ t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.
A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。此处用动名词作主语，故选C。
2.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）_________ alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ alng the ld Silk Rad”作主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
二、动名词和不定式作宾语
1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hpe/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; ffer，prmise，chse，plan; agree，ask/beg，help。
此外，affrd，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
☞She pretended nt t see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀：
避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习，
喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，
逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。
avid, miss, delay, suggest, finish, practice, enjy, imagine, resist, admit, deny , envy, escape, risk, pardn, stand, keep, mind
☞I wuld appreciate yur calling back this afternn.
今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。
3. 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词
①frget t d sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
frget ding sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
remember t d sth. 记得去做某事(未做)
remember ding sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
②stp t d 停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stp ding 停止正在或经常做的事
g n t d 继续(去做另外一件事情)
g n ding 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret t d sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)
regret ding sth. 对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)
④try t d 努力、企图做
try ding 试验、试一试某种办法
⑤mean t d (人)打算，有意要……
mean ding (物)意味着
⑥can't help (t) d sth. 不能帮助做某事
can't help ding sth. 情不自禁做某事
1.（2020﹒山东卷﹒语法填空）As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine 42.themselves (they) living at a different time in histry r 43. (walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
【答案】walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb ding sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
2.（2018·新课标I卷·语法填空）Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f ___63___ (die) early by running.
【参考答案】seeing
【试题解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处作f的宾语，其后用动名词。故填dying。
3. After receiving the Oscar fr Best Supprting Actress, Anne Benedict went n all the peple wh had helped in her career.
A. t thank B. thanking
C. having thanked D. t have thanked
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。g n t d继续做不同的事情，所以选A。
三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语
作表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(t d)，动名词(ding)，和分词(dne，ding)
■ 不定式作表语
①Her wish was t becme an artist.
她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。
②The mst imprtant thing is t put thery int practice.
最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。
③Our aim is t help them，nt t teach them a lessn.
我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。
总结：不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容，如①；表示将来的动作，如②；
表示目的，如③。因此，在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词
作主语时其表语应该用不定式.
■ 动名词作表语
①My jb is teaching.(Teaching is my jb.)
②Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
总结：动名词作表语，表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示
“身份，职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换，如①。
此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性，如②。例②还可以说成：
T see is t believe.
试比较：一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语;
表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式.
☞Their jb is building huses.他们的工作是盖房子.
☞Our task nw is t develp ur ecnmy.我们的任务是发展经济。
■ 分词作表语
首先做一些练习
①The situatin is____(encurage).
②The dr remained____(lck) when he came again.
【答案】①encuraging ②lcked
总结：surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappint，astnish，encurage，
inspire，shck，mve等及物动词用作表语时，要看其与主语的关系。
如果与主语为主动关系，则用-ing形式，表示主语的特征。如果是被
动关系，用-dne这种形式，表示主语的状态。
☞The news astnished us.
这句话就表明了the news与astnish为主动关系。astnish与us为被动
关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子：
☞The news was astnishing.
☞We were astnished(by the news)
1.（2018·新课标 = 3 \* ROMAN III 卷·语法填空）I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
【参考答案】64.lking 65.challenged
【答案解析】64.动词avid后要加ding。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用lking。
65.根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged作表语。
考向2 非谓语动词作定语
高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
不定式作定语；
-ing分词作定语；
-ed分词作定语。
1．不定式作定语
① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/nly/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中， 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作
之前。
☞She is always the first (ne) t cme and the last t leave.
② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.
☞Let's first find a rm t live in / t put the things in.
☞We have nthing t wrry abut.(=There is nthing fr us t wrry abut.)
③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式
多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
☞I have a lt f things t d tday. ( I ... d ... things)
☞Have yu gt anything t say at the meeting? ( yu... say ... anything)
☞Here is a letter t be taken t Mr. Li.
在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较：
There is nthing t d at present.(=We have nthing t d at present.)
There is nthing t be dne at present.(= We can d nthing at present.)
2．-ing分词作定语
① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的
单个-ing分词也常后置。
a sleeping car ( = a car fr sleeping ) a sleeping child ( = a child wh is sleeping ) the by standing there ( = the by wh is standing there )
The girl singing is my classmate.
② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，
要用从句作定语。
☞D yu knw the by talking ( = wh is talking ) t the teacher?
☞Did yu ntice the by sitting ( = wh was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?
☞The man shaking ( = wh is nw shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited ur class yesterday.
比较：
【误】He is the man visiting ur class yesterday.
【正】He is the man wh visited ur class yesterday.
3．-ed分词作定语
-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。
a develped/develping cuntry
He is a student lved by all the teachers.
The building being built will be the third Teaching Building f ur schl.
(2017·北京) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ with his students.
A. t spend B. spend
C. spending D. spent
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，________ with his students是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，且“时光”是被度过，而且这里指的是“已经被度过的时光”，故选 D。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得跟学生们一起度过的快乐时光。
考向3 非谓语动词作补语
1. 带t的不定式（ t d ）作宾补的动词，常见的有：
ask, invite, tell, want, encurage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, rder, frce, cause, allw, permit, frbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call n, wait fr, wuld like / lve / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带t的不定式作宾补。
☞ The teacher asked us t finish ur hmewrk．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
☞ She wanted him t sing fr her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。
☞ The pliceman tld the bys nt t play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
2. 常见的接不带t的不定式作宾补的动词：
一感：feel二听：hear, listen t 三让：let, make, have
四看：see, watch, ntice, bserve
半帮助：help sb. t d/d sth.
表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。
☞I saw him leave a few minutes ag.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
☞T learn English well，we shuld find pprtunities t hear English spken as much as pssible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
☞The teacher raised his vice in rder t make himself heard.
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
3. V-ing形式作宾补
V-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。
☞I hear smene kncking at the dr.
☞I’m srry t keep yu waiting fr a lng time.
4. V-ed形式作宾补
着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。
☞He saw the thief caught by the plice.
☞I’m ging t have my hair cut.
（2020年全国卷Ш.语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69. (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the sft cluds 69 (surrund) the muntain tps是独立主格结构做状语，surrund在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语cluds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrunding。
2.(2018·天津卷·单项填空) I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my phtgraph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
3.(2018·新课标III卷·语法填空)Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
【参考答案】
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。此处allw sb t d sth允许某人做某事，动词不定式作宾补，应该用t stay。
4 .Listening t music at hme is ne thing, ging t hear it _____ live is quite anther.
A. perfrm B. perfrming
C. t perfrm D. being perfrmed
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. ding sth表听到某人/某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。
考向4 非谓语动词作状语
1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
☞T keep themselves awake they sat n the flr and tld each ther stries.
为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与nly连用。
☞We hurried t the statin，nly t be tld that the train had left.
我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。
(3)作原因状语
①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，srry，prud，
disappinted，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，flish，pleased等。
☞We’re prud t be yung peple f China.
作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋t d”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容
词有：easy，difficult，imprtant，interesting，pleasant，cmfrtable，dangerus等。
☞The chair is very cmfrtable t sit n.
这把椅子坐上去很舒服。
1.(2020·新课标Ш卷·语法填空) The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67. (find) the well-knwn painter.
【参考答案】t find
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set ut t d sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填t find。
2.(2018·新课标II卷·语法填空) The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality.
【参考答案】t imprve
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encurages，故imprve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填t imprve。
3.(2018·北京卷·单项填空) During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether _________ a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
A. share B. t share C. having shared D. shared
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。
4. (2017·北京·单项填空)Many airlines nw allw passengers t print their barding passes nline ________ their valuable time.
A. save B. saving
C. t save D. saved
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的， 故答案为C。句意：现在很多航空公司为节省乘客的时间所以允许他们在线打印登机牌。其它选项不符合语境及题意。
5. (2017·天津·单项填空)I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train ________.
A. catching B. caught
C. t catch D. t be caught
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。主语I与catch是主动关系，且catch动作未发生，因此需用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义，作train的定语。句意：整个会议期间，我一直在看表，因为我要赶一班火车。
【解题技巧】 动词的不定式用法口诀：
不定式有标记，t与动词连一起。
没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。
主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。
nt 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。
疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。
仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。
2．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
☞Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having dne)。
☞Having cleaned the desks，we began reading.
擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。
(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been dne)。
☞Having been shwn the classrms，we were taken t see the library.
我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。
(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(dne)。
☞Seen frm the tp f the muntain，the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(ding)。
☞Seeing frm the tp f the hill，we find the park even mre beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
(2017·天津) The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, ________ mre patients t be treated.
A. being allwed B. allwing
C. having allwed D. allwed
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设备”和“更多的病人得到治疗”之间是主动的关系，因此用v.ing形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。句意：医院最近引进了新的医疗设备，从而使更多的病人得到治疗。
难点剖析
独立主格结构
（一）独立主格结构的形式
独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1. 名词/代词+形容词
☞I heard that she gt injured in the accident , my heart full f wrry.
我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
☞He std silent in the mn-light, his dr pen .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
2. 名词/代词+现在分词
☞Winter cming ，it gets clder and clder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
☞The rain having stpped ,he went ut fr a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。
3. 名词/代词+过去分词
☞Mre time given ,we shuld have dne it much better.
如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
☞The by std there , his right hand raised.
那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
4. 名词/代词（主格）+不定式
☞Here are the first tw vlumes , the third ne t cme ut next mnth.
这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
☞The tw by said gd-bye t each ther ,ne t g hme ,the ther t g t his friend\s
两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
5. 名词/代词+介词短语
☞The huntsman entered the frest ,gun in hand.
那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。
6. 名词/代词+副词
☞Nbdy in ,the thief tk a lt f things away.
由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。
☞Lunch ver ,he left the huse .But he was thinking.
午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
7. 名词/代词+名词
☞He fught the wlf ,a stick his nly weapn.
他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
8. with 复合结构
它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
☞Hlms and Watsn sat with the light n fr half an hur.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）
☞He used t sleep with the dr pen . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词）
☞With a by leading the way ,they started twards the village.
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）
☞With the wrk dne ,he went hme. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）
☞With yu t help us, we will finish the task in time
有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）
☞Hng Kng lks mre beautiful with thu-sands f lights n night .
夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）
从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
（二）独立主格结构的用法
它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1. 作时间状语
☞The wrk dne(=After the wrk had been dne) , we went hme. 工作完成后，我们才回家。
2. 作条件状语
☞Weather permitting(＝If weather permits) , they will g n an uting t the beach tmrrw.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3. 作原因状语
☞An imprtant lecture t be given tmrrw(=As an imprtant lecture will be given tmrrw) , the prfessr has t stay up late int the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4. 作伴随状语
☞He was lying n the grass, his hands crssed under his head(=and his hands were crssed under his head) .
他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5. 表补充说明
☞A hunter came in, his face red with cld(=and his face was red with cld) .
一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
Much time _____ sitting at a desk, ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.
A. being spent B. having spent
C. spent D. spending
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。
检测训练
题组一 真题在线
1.（2020﹒江苏卷﹒单项填空）Technlgical innvatins, ____ gd marketing, will prmte the sales f these prducts.
A. cmbined withB. cmbining withC. having cmbined withD. t be cmbined with
2.（2020·天津卷二·单项填空）. ______ us prepare fr the exam, the teacher suggested reading thrugh ur ntes.
A. T helpB. HelpedC. HelpingD. Being helped
3.（2020. 天津卷一. 单项填空）The lcal gvernment desn't have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin ____________ ecnmic grwth.
A. t be prmtedB. being prmtedC. prmtingD. t prmte
4.（2020. 天津卷二. 单项填空）The dancer’s incredible perfrmance had the audience n its feet ______ fr 10 minutes at the end f the shw.
A. being clappedB. clapC. clappedD. clapping
5.（2020. 天津卷一. 单项填空） ___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.
A. Having cmpletedB. Being cmpleted
C. CmpletedD. Cmpleting
6.（2020﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空）Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
7.（2020﹒新课标I卷﹒短文改错）I like eating frying tmates with
8.（2020﹒新课标I卷﹒短文改错）My mm tld me hw t preparing it.
9.（2020﹒新课标Ⅱ卷﹒语法填空）They represent the earth 63. (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
10.（2020﹒新课标Ⅱ卷﹒语法填空） They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65. (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
11.（2020﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空） Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60. (change)lives.
12.（2020﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空） Later，they learned t wrk with the 62. (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63. (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
13.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）China's image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries__________ its rle in internatinal affairs.
A. recgnizingB. being recgnized
C. t be recgnizedD. recgnized
14.（2019﹒江苏卷﹒单项填空）__________ the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
A. T enjyB. EnjyingC. T have enjyedD. Enjy
15.（2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空）Mdem methds ___f__ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
16.（2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空）Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements,…
17.（2019﹒新课标II卷﹒短文改错）All the ftball players n the playgrund cheered ludly, say that I had a talent fr ftball.
18.（2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空）A 90-year-ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year” fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week.
19.（2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
20.（2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空）When we gt a call ___68___ (say) she was shrt-listed，we thught it was ___a__ jke.
21.（2019﹒新课标III卷﹒语法填空）On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
22.（2019﹒新课标III卷﹒语法填空）On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we _were invited__(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
23.（2019﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空）When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
24.（2019﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空）But sme students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the unifrm.
25.（2019﹒北京卷﹒语法填空）Nervusly ___2___ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t _myself_(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
26.(2018·北京)Ordinary sap, _________ crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. t use C. using D. use
27.(2018·天津)I didn't mean _________anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help_______ it.
A. t eat；t try B. eating；trying
C. eating；t try D. t eat； trying
28.(2018·江苏) Arund 13,500 new jbs were created during the perid, _______ the expected number f 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. t exceed
C. exceeded D. exceeding
29.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether _________ a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
A. share B. t share C. having shared D. shared
30.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
31.(2017·江苏) Many Chinese brands, ________their reputatins ver centuries, are facing new challenges frm the mdern market.
A. having develped B. being develped
C. develped D. develping
32.（2016 • 北京）________ it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand.
A. Made B. Make
C. Making D. T make
33.（2016 • 北京） Newly-built wden cttages line the street, ________ the ld twn int a dreamland.
A. turn B. turning
C. t turn D. turned
34.（2016·江苏）T return t the prblem f water pllutin, I’d like yu t lk at a study _________in Australia in 2012.
A.having cnductedB.t be cnducted
C.cnductingD.cnducted
35.(2016·北京)______ ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
A. Ordering B. T rder
C. Having rdered D. Ordered
36.(2016·江苏)In art criticism, yu must assume the artist has a secret message________within the wrk.
A.t hideB. hidden
C. hidingD. being hidden
37.（2016 • 天津）The cling wind swept thrugh ut bedrm windws, ________ air cnditining unnecessary.
A. making B. t make
C. made D. being made
38.（2016·全国新课标卷III·语法填空）Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal 43 (create) special designs.
题组二 名校模拟
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1．Tm lked at Jenny, tears _______ his eyes, and shuted ut the wrds________ in his heart fr years.
A. filled; keepingB. filled; kept
C. filling; keptD. filling; having kept
2．_______that his father wuld cme back sn, the little by calmed dwn.
A. Having cnvincedB. Cnvincing
C. Being cnvincedD. Cnvinced
3．The enquiry________ new facts, the judge had t pstpne the trial again.
A. t develpB. develped
C. having develpedD. being develped
4．____in a pr family made Tm very diligent when he was still yung.
A. Brught upB. Bring up
C. Being brught upD. Having brught up
5．____, the shwer water is n lnger usable until the chemicals and wastes are remved frm it.
A. Cnsidering t be pllutedB. Cnsidering t be plluting
C. Cnsidering t have been pllutedD. Cnsidering t have plluted
6．____the past year as an exchange student in Hng Kng, Linda appears mre mature than thse f her age.
A. SpendingB. Having been spend
C. Having spendD. T spend
7．Many majr ecnmic prblems ________ t be slved, there is n pint ______ the grwth rate f this year nw.
A. remaining; predictingB. remaining; t predict
C. remained; predictingD. remained; t predict
8．Yesterday I brke my favrite camera, and nw I have t get it _________.
A. repairingB. repairC. repairedD. t repair
9．While China and India have smething in cmmn, _______fast grwing ecnmies, there are clear differences.
A. bth areB. bth being
C. bth f which beingD. bth f them are
10．Friendship, _________ mutual respect and _______ feelings and activities, tends t last lng.
A. basing n; sharedB. anchred in; shared
C. based n; sharingD. anchr in; sharing
11．I glanced sideways and nticed that the previus authr was standing silently, with his eyes n me.
A. fixingB. fixed
C. t be fixingD. t be fixed
12．_______ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
A. OrderingB. Ordered
C. T rderD. Having rdered
13．The hairdresser shwed me a bk with s many diverse hair styles that I gt _______and didn't knw which
ne t chse.
A. cnfusedB. t cnfuse
C. cnfusingD. t be cnfused
14．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up.
A. wakeB. wakenC. t wakeD. waking
15．Yu can trust him. He is a man ______thrughut the business field fr his hnesty.
A. having knwnB.t be knwn
C. knwingD. knwn
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mattie celebrated her 6th birthday earlier this mnth. Fr her birthday, she wanted t d smething fr ther children.
"We 1 (talk) abut Mattie’s birthday cake when she said that she wanted a big ne s n ne was hungry at her party," her mther said. "She didn’t want anyne t be hungry and she gt big tears in her eyes and asked if we culd dnate fd 2 peple."
Fr her party, Mattie’s friends arrived 3 (quick) with gifts, but the packages weren’t filled with tys. Instead, thse packages were all filled with varius 4 (can) and bxes f fd. Once her party was ver, Mattie, with sme help, tk 5 dnatins f fd t the Maryville Ministry Center.
Mattie was nt the nly lcal child 6 recently did s. Her best friend Eliana celebrated her 5th birthday in February and decided that she wanted t cntribute as well.
Mattie and Eliana are still children, thugh, and enjy 7 (play) with their dlls and stuffed animals just like every ther kid des.
"Fr being s yung, it’s a blessing 8 (have) kids that are living fr smething mre than themselves," Eliana’s father said. "I’m pretty 9 (hpe) that it will cntinue ver time and it’s amazing t see 10 (we) kids ding things fr thers."
解密07非谓语动词
【命题趋势】
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
【名师指导】
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下：
1. 先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半
是非谓语动词题。
2. 看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；
3. 看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一
部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
4. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用现在分
词；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般
用过去分词。
5. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（t have dne/t have
been dne/ having dne/ Having been dne），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（t d / t be dne / ding / being
dne / dne）。
考向1 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
一、动名词和不定式作主语
能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：
表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；
表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。
动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。
▶Smking is prhibited(禁止)here. (抽象)
▶It is nt very gd fr yu t smke s much. (具体)
注意：
①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：
▶T see is t believe.＝Seeing is believing.
②常用动名词作主语的句型：
▶It’s n use cmplaining withut taking actin.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
1.（2019﹒天津卷﹒单项填空）____________ t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.
A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。此处用动名词作主语，故选C。
2.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）_________ alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ alng the ld Silk Rad”作主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
二、动名词和不定式作宾语
1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hpe/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; ffer，prmise，chse，plan; agree，ask/beg，help。
此外，affrd，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
☞She pretended nt t see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀：
避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习，
喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，
逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。
avid, miss, delay, suggest, finish, practice, enjy, imagine, resist, admit, deny , envy, escape, risk, pardn, stand, keep, mind
☞I wuld appreciate yur calling back this afternn.
今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。
3. 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词
①frget t d sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
frget ding sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
remember t d sth. 记得去做某事(未做)
remember ding sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
②stp t d 停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stp ding 停止正在或经常做的事
g n t d 继续(去做另外一件事情)
g n ding 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret t d sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)
regret ding sth. 对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)
④try t d 努力、企图做
try ding 试验、试一试某种办法
⑤mean t d (人)打算，有意要……
mean ding (物)意味着
⑥can't help (t) d sth. 不能帮助做某事
can't help ding sth. 情不自禁做某事
1.（2020﹒山东卷﹒语法填空）As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine 42.themselves (they) living at a different time in histry r 43. (walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
【答案】walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb ding sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
2.（2018·新课标I卷·语法填空）Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f ___63___ (die) early by running.
【参考答案】seeing
【试题解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处作f的宾语，其后用动名词。故填dying。
3. After receiving the Oscar fr Best Supprting Actress, Anne Benedict went n all the peple wh had helped in her career.
A. t thank B. thanking
C. having thanked D. t have thanked
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。g n t d继续做不同的事情，所以选A。
三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语
作表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(t d)，动名词(ding)，和分词(dne，ding)
■ 不定式作表语
①Her wish was t becme an artist.
她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。
②The mst imprtant thing is t put thery int practice.
最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。
③Our aim is t help them，nt t teach them a lessn.
我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。
总结：不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容，如①；表示将来的动作，如②；
表示目的，如③。因此，在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词
作主语时其表语应该用不定式.
■ 动名词作表语
①My jb is teaching.(Teaching is my jb.)
②Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
总结：动名词作表语，表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示
“身份，职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换，如①。
此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性，如②。例②还可以说成：
T see is t believe.
试比较：一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语;
表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式.
☞Their jb is building huses.他们的工作是盖房子.
☞Our task nw is t develp ur ecnmy.我们的任务是发展经济。
■ 分词作表语
首先做一些练习
①The situatin is____(encurage).
②The dr remained____(lck) when he came again.
【答案】①encuraging ②lcked
总结：surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappint，astnish，encurage，
inspire，shck，mve等及物动词用作表语时，要看其与主语的关系。
如果与主语为主动关系，则用-ing形式，表示主语的特征。如果是被
动关系，用-dne这种形式，表示主语的状态。
☞The news astnished us.
这句话就表明了the news与astnish为主动关系。astnish与us为被动
关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子：
☞The news was astnishing.
☞We were astnished(by the news)
1.（2018·新课标 = 3 \* ROMAN III 卷·语法填空）I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
【参考答案】64.lking 65.challenged
【答案解析】64.动词avid后要加ding。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用lking。
65.根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged作表语。
考向2 非谓语动词作定语
高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
不定式作定语；
-ing分词作定语；
-ed分词作定语。
1．不定式作定语
① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/nly/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中， 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作
之前。
☞She is always the first (ne) t cme and the last t leave.
② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.
☞Let's first find a rm t live in / t put the things in.
☞We have nthing t wrry abut.(=There is nthing fr us t wrry abut.)
③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式
多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
☞I have a lt f things t d tday. ( I ... d ... things)
☞Have yu gt anything t say at the meeting? ( yu... say ... anything)
☞Here is a letter t be taken t Mr. Li.
在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较：
There is nthing t d at present.(=We have nthing t d at present.)
There is nthing t be dne at present.(= We can d nthing at present.)
2．-ing分词作定语
① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的
单个-ing分词也常后置。
a sleeping car ( = a car fr sleeping ) a sleeping child ( = a child wh is sleeping ) the by standing there ( = the by wh is standing there )
The girl singing is my classmate.
② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，
要用从句作定语。
☞D yu knw the by talking ( = wh is talking ) t the teacher?
☞Did yu ntice the by sitting ( = wh was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?
☞The man shaking ( = wh is nw shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited ur class yesterday.
比较：
【误】He is the man visiting ur class yesterday.
【正】He is the man wh visited ur class yesterday.
3．-ed分词作定语
-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。
a develped/develping cuntry
He is a student lved by all the teachers.
The building being built will be the third Teaching Building f ur schl.
(2017·北京) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ with his students.
A. t spend B. spend
C. spending D. spent
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，________ with his students是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，且“时光”是被度过，而且这里指的是“已经被度过的时光”，故选 D。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得跟学生们一起度过的快乐时光。
考向3 非谓语动词作补语
1. 带t的不定式（ t d ）作宾补的动词，常见的有：
ask, invite, tell, want, encurage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, rder, frce, cause, allw, permit, frbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call n, wait fr, wuld like / lve / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带t的不定式作宾补。
☞ The teacher asked us t finish ur hmewrk．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
☞ She wanted him t sing fr her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。
☞ The pliceman tld the bys nt t play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
2. 常见的接不带t的不定式作宾补的动词：
一感：feel二听：hear, listen t 三让：let, make, have
四看：see, watch, ntice, bserve
半帮助：help sb. t d/d sth.
表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。
☞I saw him leave a few minutes ag.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
☞T learn English well，we shuld find pprtunities t hear English spken as much as pssible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
☞The teacher raised his vice in rder t make himself heard.
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
3. V-ing形式作宾补
V-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。
☞I hear smene kncking at the dr.
☞I’m srry t keep yu waiting fr a lng time.
4. V-ed形式作宾补
着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。
☞He saw the thief caught by the plice.
☞I’m ging t have my hair cut.
（2020年全国卷Ш.语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69. (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the sft cluds 69 (surrund) the muntain tps是独立主格结构做状语，surrund在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语cluds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrunding。
2.(2018·天津卷·单项填空) I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my phtgraph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
3.(2018·新课标III卷·语法填空)Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
【参考答案】
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。此处allw sb t d sth允许某人做某事，动词不定式作宾补，应该用t stay。
4 .Listening t music at hme is ne thing, ging t hear it _____ live is quite anther.
A. perfrm B. perfrming
C. t perfrm D. being perfrmed
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. ding sth表听到某人/某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。
考向4 非谓语动词作状语
1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
☞T keep themselves awake they sat n the flr and tld each ther stries.
为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与nly连用。
☞We hurried t the statin，nly t be tld that the train had left.
我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。
(3)作原因状语
①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，srry，prud，
disappinted，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，flish，pleased等。
☞We’re prud t be yung peple f China.
作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋t d”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容
词有：easy，difficult，imprtant，interesting，pleasant，cmfrtable，dangerus等。
☞The chair is very cmfrtable t sit n.
这把椅子坐上去很舒服。
1.(2020·新课标Ш卷·语法填空) The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67. (find) the well-knwn painter.
【参考答案】t find
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set ut t d sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填t find。
2.(2018·新课标II卷·语法填空) The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality.
【参考答案】t imprve
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encurages，故imprve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填t imprve。
3.(2018·北京卷·单项填空) During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether _________ a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
A. share B. t share C. having shared D. shared
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。
4. (2017·北京·单项填空)Many airlines nw allw passengers t print their barding passes nline ________ their valuable time.
A. save B. saving
C. t save D. saved
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的， 故答案为C。句意：现在很多航空公司为节省乘客的时间所以允许他们在线打印登机牌。其它选项不符合语境及题意。
5. (2017·天津·单项填空)I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train ________.
A. catching B. caught
C. t catch D. t be caught
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。主语I与catch是主动关系，且catch动作未发生，因此需用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义，作train的定语。句意：整个会议期间，我一直在看表，因为我要赶一班火车。
【解题技巧】 动词的不定式用法口诀：
不定式有标记，t与动词连一起。
没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。
主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。
nt 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。
疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。
仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。
2．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
☞Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having dne)。
☞Having cleaned the desks，we began reading.
擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。
(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been dne)。
☞Having been shwn the classrms，we were taken t see the library.
我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。
(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(dne)。
☞Seen frm the tp f the muntain，the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(ding)。
☞Seeing frm the tp f the hill，we find the park even mre beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
(2017·天津) The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, ________ mre patients t be treated.
A. being allwed B. allwing
C. having allwed D. allwed
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设备”和“更多的病人得到治疗”之间是主动的关系，因此用v.ing形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。句意：医院最近引进了新的医疗设备，从而使更多的病人得到治疗。
难点剖析
独立主格结构
（一）独立主格结构的形式
独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1. 名词/代词+形容词
☞I heard that she gt injured in the accident , my heart full f wrry.
我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
☞He std silent in the mn-light, his dr pen .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
2. 名词/代词+现在分词
☞Winter cming ，it gets clder and clder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
☞The rain having stpped ,he went ut fr a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。
3. 名词/代词+过去分词
☞Mre time given ,we shuld have dne it much better.
如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
☞The by std there , his right hand raised.
那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
4. 名词/代词（主格）+不定式
☞Here are the first tw vlumes , the third ne t cme ut next mnth.
这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
☞The tw by said gd-bye t each ther ,ne t g hme ,the ther t g t his friend\s
两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
5. 名词/代词+介词短语
☞The huntsman entered the frest ,gun in hand.
那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。
6. 名词/代词+副词
☞Nbdy in ,the thief tk a lt f things away.
由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。
☞Lunch ver ,he left the huse .But he was thinking.
午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
7. 名词/代词+名词
☞He fught the wlf ,a stick his nly weapn.
他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
8. with 复合结构
它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
☞Hlms and Watsn sat with the light n fr half an hur.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）
☞He used t sleep with the dr pen . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词）
☞With a by leading the way ,they started twards the village.
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）
☞With the wrk dne ,he went hme. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）
☞With yu t help us, we will finish the task in time
有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）
☞Hng Kng lks mre beautiful with thu-sands f lights n night .
夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）
从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
（二）独立主格结构的用法
它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1. 作时间状语
☞The wrk dne(=After the wrk had been dne) , we went hme. 工作完成后，我们才回家。
2. 作条件状语
☞Weather permitting(＝If weather permits) , they will g n an uting t the beach tmrrw.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3. 作原因状语
☞An imprtant lecture t be given tmrrw(=As an imprtant lecture will be given tmrrw) , the prfessr has t stay up late int the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4. 作伴随状语
☞He was lying n the grass, his hands crssed under his head(=and his hands were crssed under his head) .
他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5. 表补充说明
☞A hunter came in, his face red with cld(=and his face was red with cld) .
一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
Much time _____ sitting at a desk, ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.
A. being spent B. having spent
C. spent D. spending
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。
检测训练
题组一 真题在线
1.（2020﹒江苏卷﹒单项填空）Technlgical innvatins, ____ gd marketing, will prmte the sales f these prducts.
A. cmbined withB. cmbining withC. having cmbined withD. t be cmbined with
2.（2020·天津卷二·单项填空）. ______ us prepare fr the exam, the teacher suggested reading thrugh ur ntes.
A. T helpB. HelpedC. HelpingD. Being helped
3.（2020. 天津卷一. 单项填空）The lcal gvernment desn't have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin ____________ ecnmic grwth.
A. t be prmtedB. being prmtedC. prmtingD. t prmte
4.（2020. 天津卷二. 单项填空）The dancer’s incredible perfrmance had the audience n its feet ______ fr 10 minutes at the end f the shw.
A. being clappedB. clapC. clappedD. clapping
5.（2020. 天津卷一. 单项填空） ___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.
A. Having cmpletedB. Being cmpleted
C. CmpletedD. Cmpleting
6.（2020﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空）Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
7.（2020﹒新课标I卷﹒短文改错）I like eating frying tmates with
8.（2020﹒新课标I卷﹒短文改错）My mm tld me hw t preparing it.
9.（2020﹒新课标Ⅱ卷﹒语法填空）They represent the earth 63. (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
10.（2020﹒新课标Ⅱ卷﹒语法填空） They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65. (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
11.（2020﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空） Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60. (change)lives.
12.（2020﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空） Later，they learned t wrk with the 62. (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63. (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
13.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）China's image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries__________ its rle in internatinal affairs.
A. recgnizingB. being recgnized
C. t be recgnizedD. recgnized
14.（2019﹒江苏卷﹒单项填空）__________ the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
A. T enjyB. EnjyingC. T have enjyedD. Enjy
15.（2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空）Mdem methds ___f__ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
16.（2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空）Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements,…
17.（2019﹒新课标II卷﹒短文改错）All the ftball players n the playgrund cheered ludly, say that I had a talent fr ftball.
18.（2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空）A 90-year-ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year” fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week.
19.（2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
20.（2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空）When we gt a call ___68___ (say) she was shrt-listed，we thught it was ___a__ jke.
21.（2019﹒新课标III卷﹒语法填空）On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
22.（2019﹒新课标III卷﹒语法填空）On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we _were invited__(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
23.（2019﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空）When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
24.（2019﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空）But sme students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the unifrm.
25.（2019﹒北京卷﹒语法填空）Nervusly ___2___ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t _myself_(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
26.(2018·北京)Ordinary sap, _________ crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. t use C. using D. use
27.(2018·天津)I didn't mean _________anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help_______ it.
A. t eat；t try B. eating；trying
C. eating；t try D. t eat； trying
28.(2018·江苏) Arund 13,500 new jbs were created during the perid, _______ the expected number f 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. t exceed
C. exceeded D. exceeding
29.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether _________ a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
A. share B. t share C. having shared D. shared
30.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
31.(2017·江苏) Many Chinese brands, ________their reputatins ver centuries, are facing new challenges frm the mdern market.
A. having develped B. being develped
C. develped D. develping
32.（2016 • 北京）________ it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand.
A. Made B. Make
C. Making D. T make
33.（2016 • 北京） Newly-built wden cttages line the street, ________ the ld twn int a dreamland.
A. turn B. turning
C. t turn D. turned
34.（2016·江苏）T return t the prblem f water pllutin, I’d like yu t lk at a study _________in Australia in 2012.
A.having cnductedB.t be cnducted
C.cnductingD.cnducted
35.(2016·北京)______ ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
A. Ordering B. T rder
C. Having rdered D. Ordered
36.(2016·江苏)In art criticism, yu must assume the artist has a secret message________within the wrk.
A.t hideB. hidden
C. hidingD. being hidden
37.（2016 • 天津）The cling wind swept thrugh ut bedrm windws, ________ air cnditining unnecessary.
A. making B. t make
C. made D. being made
38.（2016·全国新课标卷III·语法填空）Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal 43 (create) special designs.
题组二 名校模拟
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1．Tm lked at Jenny, tears _______ his eyes, and shuted ut the wrds________ in his heart fr years.
A. filled; keepingB. filled; kept
C. filling; keptD. filling; having kept
2．_______that his father wuld cme back sn, the little by calmed dwn.
A. Having cnvincedB. Cnvincing
C. Being cnvincedD. Cnvinced
3．The enquiry________ new facts, the judge had t pstpne the trial again.
A. t develpB. develped
C. having develpedD. being develped
4．____in a pr family made Tm very diligent when he was still yung.
A. Brught upB. Bring up
C. Being brught upD. Having brught up
5．____, the shwer water is n lnger usable until the chemicals and wastes are remved frm it.
A. Cnsidering t be pllutedB. Cnsidering t be plluting
C. Cnsidering t have been pllutedD. Cnsidering t have plluted
6．____the past year as an exchange student in Hng Kng, Linda appears mre mature than thse f her age.
A. SpendingB. Having been spend
C. Having spendD. T spend
7．Many majr ecnmic prblems ________ t be slved, there is n pint ______ the grwth rate f this year nw.
A. remaining; predictingB. remaining; t predict
C. remained; predictingD. remained; t predict
8．Yesterday I brke my favrite camera, and nw I have t get it _________.
A. repairingB. repairC. repairedD. t repair
9．While China and India have smething in cmmn, _______fast grwing ecnmies, there are clear differences.
A. bth areB. bth being
C. bth f which beingD. bth f them are
10．Friendship, _________ mutual respect and _______ feelings and activities, tends t last lng.
A. basing n; sharedB. anchred in; shared
C. based n; sharingD. anchr in; sharing
11．I glanced sideways and nticed that the previus authr was standing silently, with his eyes n me.
A. fixingB. fixed
C. t be fixingD. t be fixed
12．_______ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
A. OrderingB. Ordered
C. T rderD. Having rdered
13．The hairdresser shwed me a bk with s many diverse hair styles that I gt _______and didn't knw which
ne t chse.
A. cnfusedB. t cnfuse
C. cnfusingD. t be cnfused
14．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up.
A. wakeB. wakenC. t wakeD. waking
15．Yu can trust him. He is a man ______thrughut the business field fr his hnesty.
A. having knwnB.t be knwn
C. knwingD. knwn
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mattie celebrated her 6th birthday earlier this mnth. Fr her birthday, she wanted t d smething fr ther children.
"We 1 (talk) abut Mattie’s birthday cake when she said that she wanted a big ne s n ne was hungry at her party," her mther said. "She didn’t want anyne t be hungry and she gt big tears in her eyes and asked if we culd dnate fd 2 peple."
Fr her party, Mattie’s friends arrived 3 (quick) with gifts, but the packages weren’t filled with tys. Instead, thse packages were all filled with varius 4 (can) and bxes f fd. Once her party was ver, Mattie, with sme help, tk 5 dnatins f fd t the Maryville Ministry Center.
Mattie was nt the nly lcal child 6 recently did s. Her best friend Eliana celebrated her 5th birthday in February and decided that she wanted t cntribute as well.
Mattie and Eliana are still children, thugh, and enjy 7 (play) with their dlls and stuffed animals just like every ther kid des.
"Fr being s yung, it’s a blessing 8 (have) kids that are living fr smething mre than themselves," Eliana’s father said. "I’m pretty 9 (hpe) that it will cntinue ver time and it’s amazing t see 10 (we) kids ding things fr thers."
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