高中英语高考解密10定语从句-2021年高考英语高频考点解密（二轮复习）(原卷版）

这是一份高中英语高考解密10定语从句-2021年高考英语高频考点解密（二轮复习）(原卷版），共12页。
解密10定语从句
序号
题型
真题
Part 1
解密高考
考点综述 备考建议
Part 2
对点解密
考点精准说1... 真题对点析1... 对点模拟练1...
Part 3
强化集训
真题模测、典题模测




Part 1解密高考
【考点综述】
定语从句的用法较为复杂，是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。
【备考建议】
根据高考对定语从句的考察点，复习中应该做好以下几点：
1.关系代词和关系副词的区分。如：that, which和where, when的区分；that, which和why的区分等。
2. whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋ of which ＝ of which＋名词。如：
The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.
3. as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引
导的主语从句的区分。
4.定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：
I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
5. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，
指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：
The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.
6.一些特殊的先行词。如： 当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时, 要
注意具体情况具体分析；作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词
where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。
7. 定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。
Part 2对点解密
【考点精准说】1----→关系代词引导的定语从句
who，whom，whose引导的定语从句
1．who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。
2．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。
that，which引导的定语从句
1．that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。
2．which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。
3．下列情况只用that不用which：
①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；
②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；
④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；
⑤先行词中既有人也有物；
⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法
（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：the
same ...as ...；such ...as ...；so/as ...as ...
（2）the same ...as与the same ...that的区别：

【真题对点析】1
1【2020·江苏卷】.Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
2. 【2018·浙江卷】Many westerners ______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
3.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom B. that
C. whose D. her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
4.【2013·广东卷】Nick’s guests,_______ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could.
【答案】who
【解析】考查相连接代词词的用法，分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，why为定语从句的引导词，表人。句意为：Nick的朋友们碰巧听到了他们的的谈话，他们问为什么父子俩能买到更便宜的盐，却不那么做呢。
【对点模拟练】1
1. Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown
that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.
A. what B. where
C. that D. which
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，where相当于in which。故选B。
2 .Among the many dangers__________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
A. which B. what C. where D. when
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，________sailors have to face 是定语从句，修饰先行词the many dangers，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词。 因此A选项正确。句意为＂ 在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。＂

【考点精准说】2--→关系副词引导的定语从句
常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)
1. 在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。
2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
3.why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型为：The reason why...is that...或The reason that...is that...。
4.“当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。
【真题对点析】2
1. 【2020·全国新课标I语法填空】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63． it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
2.【2018·江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
3.【2016·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
4. [2015·广东卷]When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ____ people from the towns met regularly.
【答案】where 　
【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。句中的in the market是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用引导词where。
5.【2015·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。
【对点模拟练】2
1. Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown
that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.
A. what B. where
C. that D. which
【答案】B
【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，where相当于in which。故选B。
2．—When did you return last Friday?
—It was not until midnight ______ it was raining hard.
A．when B．which
C．that D．before
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词。句意: ---上星期五你什么时候回来的？---直到半夜下起大雨时才回来。分析句子可知，midnight为先行词，在后面定语从句作时间状语，所以关系冠词副词为when。故A选项正确。
3．The teacher often gives his students a brief pause in class ______ they can take in what he has taught.
A．why B．when C．who D．which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个老师经常在课堂上给学生一个短暂暂停的时间，在这段时间里学生们可以吸收他所讲的内容。前句的先行词是pause间歇，从句主谓宾成分齐全，缺少时间状语，应使用关系副词when引导。故B选项正确。
【考点精准说】3----→“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的几种结构：
（1）介词＋关系代词
（2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词
（3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词
（4）介词＋关系代词＋名词
＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用
1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词
与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。
2. 表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等。代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
of whom, of which与whose的用法解析。
1. whose的用法
①whose引导定语从句, 后应紧跟名词, 构成名词短语。
②whose引导定语从句时, 先行词既可指人, 也可指物。
③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语, 可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。
在whose引导的定语从句中, 可用of which代替whose, 但词序不同, 即“whose＋名词＝the＋名词
of＋which”；而用of whom代替时只能指人, 有时可以与whose互换。
2. 下列情况只用of which或of whom, 而不用whose引导定语从句。
①定语从句的主语是some, many, few, little, much, most等词时, 用of which/whom, 不用
whose。
【真题对点析】3
1.【2016·江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。
【对点模拟练】3
1.This is the building _______ the windows have been painted green.
A．whose B．that C．which D．of which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是窗户被漆成绿色的那幢大楼。此处building作先行词，指物，介词后面，指物用which引导定语从句，该句中of是介词，故选D项。
2.He has many books, are written in English.
A．most of them B．most of whom C．most of which D．most of those
【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：他有许多书，大部分是用英语写的。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词book，且做介词of的宾语，指物应用关系代词which。故选C。
3.The professor always spends the whole day in the bookshop_____ he bought the dictionary.
A．on which B．to which C．in which D．for which
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：这个教授经常花一整天的时间在他买字典的那个书店。这是一个定语从句，先行词为the bookshop，在从句中作地点状语，并且表达“在书店”应在the bookstore 前加介词in。从句部分完整的表述为he bought the dictionary in the bookshop.故选C。
4．I was surprised that he didn’t like the way ______ I solved the problem.
A．in which B．which C．on which D．as
【答案】 A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我很惊讶，他不喜欢我解决问题的方法。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the way，且当“way”表示“方式、方法”，the way在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句可用that，也可用in which，或什么都不用。故选A。
Part 3强化集训
【真题模测】
一．单句语法填空
2. 【2020·全国新课标I语法填空】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63． it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2,.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
3.（2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
4. （2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
5.（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）But my connection with pandas goes back 64（to） my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66（permitted） (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
6.（2020·新课标II卷· 短文改错）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
二．单项选择
1．（2020·江苏高考真题）Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A．whose B．which C．when D．whom
2．（2020·天津高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which
3．（2020·天津高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson.
A．which B．when C．where D．who
4．（2019·江苏高考真题）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A．which B．what C．when D．that
5．（2019·天津高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A．why B．where
C．which D．what
6．（2019·天津高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad.
A．who B．of which
C．when D．of whom
7．（2018·天津高考真题）（2018·天津）Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A．whom B．that
C．whose D．her
8．（2018·北京高考真题）（2018·北京）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A．which B．who
C．as D．that
9．（2017·天津高考真题）My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A．that B．whose C．his D．who
10．（2007·重庆高考真题）Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree___they can be controlled on purpose.
A．with which B．to which
C．of which D．for which
11．（2015·陕西高考真题）（2015·天津）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent.
A．which B．where
C．whom D．when
12．（2015·福建高考真题）China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A．who B．whom
C．that D．which
13．（2015·湖南高考真题）It is a truly delightful place, ________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A．as B．where
C．that D．which
14．（2014·四川高考真题）By now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, ______ is quite unexpected.
A．that B．which C．who D．it
15．（2014·湖南高考真题）I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A．as B．why C．when D．where
16．（2014·安徽高考真题）The exact year _____ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008．
A．When B．where C．why D．which
17．（2015·北京高考真题）Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.
A．which B．that C．when D．where
18．（2013·全国高考真题）When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.
A．what B．when C．where D．which
19．（2014·天津高考真题）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.
A．all of which B．each of which C．all of them D．each of them
20．（2016·北京高考真题）I live next door to a couple ________children often make a lot of noise.
A．whose B．why
C．where D．which
【典题模测】
单项选择
1．The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A．where B．to which C．which D．in which
2．— Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
— Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A．what; that B．what; what C．which; which D．that; that
3．Which one of the following sentences is the compound sentence(并列句)?
A．The man he mentioned was my classmate.
B．She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
C．Because the weather is so bad, we have to stay at home.
D．Mr. Li was ill, so I was taking his class instead.
4．Sally is showing us around the house, ___________the roof is bright red.
A．for which B．with which C．of which D．to which
5．Newspapers are making their efforts to attract readers in an age _______ most people read news online for free.
A．that B．where C．when D．why
6．She brought her three friends to the party, none of ________ I had ever met before.
A．them B．who C．whom D．which
7．No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times ________ it's better to remain silent.
A．that B．when C．why D．which
8．We will always remember the moment _______ my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line.
A．when B．where C．that D．whose
9．To help friends, you should help others the way _______ you have been helped.
A．that B．when C．which D．why
10．Bringing together 3 famous directors, the film The Sacrifice, ________ is adapted from true stories, reflected the heroism of our fearless and admirable soldiers.
A．that B．one C．what D．which
11．Last term our maths teacher set so difficult a problem in the exam ______ none of us could work out.
A．as B．that C．for D．and
12．He was very angry and I can still remember the way _____ he spoke to me.
A．how B．that C．what D．which
13．A harvester is a machine _____we harvest crops or a person_______is harvesting.
A．which; who B．that; that C．with which; who D．/; that
14．I can think of many cases _____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A．that B．in that C．of which D．where
15．The biggest single hobby in western countries __________ western people spend their most time, energy and money is gardening.
A．that B．where C．in which D．on which
16．There are many people __________ on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.
A．who B．whose C．which D．that
17．Many people sleep with the charging phones right next to their heads, __________ could increase the chances of getting cancer.
A．which B．whom C．who D．that
18．The foreign guests, __________ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A．most of them B．most of that C．most of whom D．most of those
19．This is the most exciting film __________ I have ever seen.
A．that B．which C．who D．whose
20．All the scenes and people _____were recorded on mobile phones or digital cameras are well connected.
A．/ B．which
C．who D．that