高中英语高考第1部分 课时精炼 必修第一册　热点话题　精深阅读(一)

热点话题　精深阅读(一)主题语境：人与社会——锻炼身体，增强体质，提升健康水平(2020·全国Ⅰ)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running，research shows，while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does，however，have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes.The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk，which is about five miles longer than the marathon.But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times.It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity，however，says Jaclyn Norberg，an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem，Mass.Like running，race walking is physically demanding，she says.According to most calculations，race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour，which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking，although fewer than running，which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However，race walking does not pound the body as much as running does，Dr.Norberg says.According to her research，runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step，while race walkers，who do not leave the ground，create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result，she says，some of the injuries associated with running，such as runner’s knee，are uncommon among race walkers.But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips，so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.In fact，anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique，she says.It takes some practice.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走这项体育运动和跑步一样在健身方面有很多益处，而且不容易对身体造成伤害。但是也有一些问题需要注意。 1．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A．They must run long distances.B．They are qualified for the marathon.C．They have to follow special rules.D．They are good at swinging their legs.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times.”可知，竞走规则要求竞走运动员在摆动腿的大部分时间里膝盖要保持笔直，且始终要有一只脚与地面接触。正是这些特殊规则使得竞走运动员受到制约，故选C项。2．What advantage does race walking have over running?A．It’s more popular at the Olympics.B．It’s less challenging physically.C．It’s more effective in body building.D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“As a result，she says，some of the injuries associated with running，such as runner’s knee，are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，与跑步相关的伤害，比如膝盖伤，在竞走运动员身上是不常见的。据此可知，竞走相对于跑步的优势是膝盖受伤的可能性较小。3．What is Dr.Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?A．Getting experts’ opinions. B．Having a medical checkup.C．Hiring an experienced coach. D．Doing regular exercises.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“In fact，anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique，she says.”可知，想参加竞走运动的任何人都应该先咨询教练或者有经验的选手，以学习适当的技巧。consult a coach意为“咨询教练”，与A项“获取专家的意见”为同义表达，故选A项。4．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?A．Skeptical.   B．Objective.C．Tolerant.   D．Conservative.答案　B解析　观点态度题。通读文章可知，作者在文中既谈及了竞走这项运动的优点，也谈及了其存在的问题。据此推断作者对竞走这项运动的看法是客观的，故选B项。微技能点拨　定位比对，锁定信息，巧解细节题。第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。第二步：在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子。第三步：分析这些句子和选项，得出正确答案。本文中第2题和第3题都是细节理解题，根据策略，第2题的解题如下：Step 1　确定题干关键词：advantage；race walking over runningStep 2　回到原文准定位：As a result，she says，some of the injuries associated with running，such as runner’s knee，are uncommon among race walkers.(Paragraph 5)Step 3　对比选项找最佳：尝试解答  D  。文本提炼Ⅰ.宏观把握，整体理解Ⅱ.词汇积累1．injury n．伤害；损伤2．demanding adj.要求高的；需要技能(或耐性等)的3．approximately adv.大约4．pound v．反复击打；(心脏)狂跳5．considerable adj.相当多(或大、重要等)的6．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的7．adopt v．采用；采纳；收养Ⅲ.长难句分析According to most calculations，race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour，which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking，although fewer than running，which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.句式分析　此句为长难句，moving at a pace of six miles per hour作定语，修饰race walkers，which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking是定语从句，which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour也是定语从句。尝试翻译　根据大多数的估算，以每小时六英里的速度行走的竞走者每小时将会燃烧800卡路里的能量，这大约是步行的两倍，尽管比跑步少一点，跑步每小时大约消耗1 000或者更多卡路里的能量。仿写运用　任何感兴趣的人可以报名参加下周五上午9点在我们学校举行的书法(calligraphy)比赛。Anyone who is interested can sign up for the calligraphy contest to be held in our school at 9 a．m.next Friday.