2022-2023学年山东省临沂市高二上学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年山东省临沂市高二上学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共28页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 临沂市2021级普通高中学科素养水平监测试卷
英语
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How did the woman get to the meeting?
A. By car. B. By bike. C. By subway.
2. What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Lose weight. B. Take medicine. C. Change his diet.
3. What does the woman mean?
A. The man should get up later.
B. The man should have a holiday.
C. The man should go to bed earlier.
4. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Making food. B. Ordering a meal. C. Growing vegetables.
5 Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a hotel. B. In a phone shop. C. In a supermarket.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is wrong with the man?
A. He feels hot. B. He feels sick. C. He feels thirsty.
7 What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Take a break. B. Drink some water. C. Focus on his report.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What type of book does the man like?
A. Travel. B. Detective. C. Science fiction.
9. Where is the Asian travel section?
A. On the left of the man. B. At the back of the man. C. On the right of the man.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the woman think of her town?
A. It’s large. B. It’s peaceful. C. It’s noisy.
11. What is the main problem in the woman’s town?
A. Weather. B. Malls. C. Employment.
12. What does the man want to do in the future?
A. Move to a big city.
B. Visit the woman’s town.
C. Protect some old buildings.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What does the man recommend doing?
A. Researching the diet.
B. Losing weight quickly.
C. Having less food for each meal.
14. What should the woman do for the change according to the man?
A. Look for a new job. B. Try different methods. C. Change her eating slowly.
15. What does the woman do for exercise?
A. Weightlifting. B. Running. C. Yoga.
16. Who are the speakers?
A. Brother and sister. B. Boss and employee. C. Trainer and student.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What time does the speaker have a daily call with the management team?
A. At 7:00 a.m. B. At 9:00 a.m. C. At 10:00 a.m.
18. Where does the speaker lift weights?
A. In the gym. B. In his garden. C. In his living room.
19. How does the speaker live?
A. By himself. B. With his friends. C. With his co-workers.
20. What does the speaker do every night?
A. He goes running. B. He watches videos. C. He talks to his family online.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Famous for its sunny beaches and natural wonders, Miyako Island welcomes many visitors during holidays.
Unique beaches
Yonaha Maehama Beach is the most famous beach in Miyako Island, where white sand stretches for seven kilometers. The ocean is colored in emerald blue, attracting visitors with its beauty. Compact Sunayama Beach, known for its arch-shaped rock, is located in a small cove, and is accessed by walking through a narrow tunnel of trees.
Diverse and colorful fish
Snorkeling (潜水)is a must-try in Miyako Island. Dense coral reefs, schools of tropical fish, sea turtles and plenty of space to free dive to depths of 8 to 15 meters close to the shore are standout features. For beginners, Aragusuku and Shigira are a good choice but advanced snorkelers may see Imgyo Marine Garden, Waiwai Beach and Shimojishima as their ultimate spots.
The bridges
Irabu Bridge is the longest toll-free bridge in Japan. It connects Miyako Island and Irabujima, stretching for 3540m, drawing a gentle curve (曲线). The length of the bridge can also be read as “san (3) go (5) no shi (4) ma,” meaning coral island in Japanese. Smaller bridges connect Irabu and Shimoji islands, giving visitors additional beach options. On Shimoji Island, there is a boardwalk around Tooriike, two dramatic marine (海洋的)ponds connected to each other and the sea by an underwater cave system.
For more information, please click here www. travelguide. com.
1. What is special about the Compact Sunayama Beach?
A. Its rock is arch-shaped.
B. The white sand stretches long.
C. The ocean is colored in emerald blue.
D. Its location is in a narrow tunnel of tree.
2. Which place is the best for experienced snorkelers?
A. Aragusuku. B. Irabu. C. Waiwai beach. D. Shigira.
3. What can we know about Irabu Bridge?
A. It has two marine ponds. B. It presents a gentle curve.
C. It is the longest bridge in Japan. D. It connects Miyako Island and Shimoji.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是以阳光明媚的沙滩以及自然奇观而闻名的Miyako岛上的风景。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Unique beaches部分的“Compact Sunayama Beach, known for its arch-shaped rock, is located in a small cove, and is accessed by walking through a narrow tunnel of trees.( Compact Sunayama Beach以其拱形岩石而闻名，位于一个小海湾中，步行穿过狭窄的树木隧道即可到达)”可知，Compact Sunayama Beach是以拱形岩石而著名的，也就是说Compact Sunayama Beach的特殊之处在于它的岩石是拱形的。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Diverse and colorful fish 部分的“For beginners, Aragusuku and Shigira are a good choice but advanced snorkelers may see Imgyo Marine Garden, Waiwai Beach and Shimojishima as their ultimate spots.(对于初学者来说，Aragusuku和Shigira是一个不错的选择，但高级浮潜者可能会将 Imgyo Marine Garden，Waiwai Beach和Shimojishima视为他们的终极景点)”可知，高级潜水者把Imgyo Marine Garden，Waiwai Beach and Shimojishima称之为他们的终极景点，所以Waiwai beach是他们的最佳选择。故选C项。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据The bridges 部分中的“Irabu Bridge is the longest toll-free bridge in Japan. It connects Miyako Island and Irabujima, stretching for 3540m, drawing a gentle curve (曲线).( Irabu Bridge是日本最长的免费桥。它连接Miyako Island和Irabujima，绵延3540米，绘制了一条平缓的曲线)”可知，Irabu Bridge连接着Miyako Island和Irabujima，划出一道平缓的曲线，也就是说，它呈现出一道平缓的曲线。故选B项。
B
Originally from Binghamton, Senior Jonathan Shapiro, the Business major decided to pursue his degree to further his music career. “The reason I came here was because in my senior year, I had a manager who was the owner of 105.5 The Beat, a radio station here in Rochester, and he invited me to come to this Kevin Gates concert,” Shapiro said. “I worked with him for months, and I never ended up signing … but this school was close to him.”
The majority of fellow rappers that Shapiro has encountered in Rochester live different lives than he does—they don’t go to college, and they’re born-and-bred inner-city Rochester residents. They have, according to Shapiro, “a lot of real-life experiences” that come through in their work, which he admires. “I’ve met kids as young as 15 and people as old as 30 in the studios.”
Shapiro himself has been shifting into, in his own words, “a more hyperpop sound” in comparison to his earlier work. He started making his own music in seventh grade after breaking his back, which shattered his dream of becoming a professional soccer player, and never stopped.
In the future, Shapiro is planning a joint concert with some other Rochester musicians and rappers in the spring at Water Street Music Hall, as well as releasing further music across the course of the year. “It would be a mix of local artists and some UR artists, like a festival,” Shapiro said. “I want it to be a showcase of multiple artists if I can make that happen.”
When asked about advice that he would give to ambitious musicians and rappers here in Rochester, Shapiro had this to say: “Don’t get discouraged by results and don’t be results-oriented (导向). If you want to get out there, do it because you love it and because you want to make good art, and that will always have an impact.”
4. What can we learn about Shapiro in paragraph 1?
A. He became a staff of a radio station.
B. He went on with his music learning.
C. He worked as a manager in a concert.
D. He graduated from a business school.
5. What does the underlined word “shattered” mean in paragraph3?
A. Killed. B. Fulfilled. C. Continued. D. Abandoned.
6. Which of the following can best describe Shapiro?
A. Adorable and reliable. B. Positive and talented.
C. Cooperative and admirable. D. Courageous and experienced.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Focusing on Results Always Matters
B. Setting Goals can Build a Life-long Career
C. Learning from Failure is the Key to Success
D. Following Your Heart can Make a Difference
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了来自于Binghamton大学商业专业的大四学生Jonathan Shapiro决定继续攻读学位以进一步发展自己的音乐事业的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Originally from Binghamton, Senior Jonathan Shapiro, the Business major decided to pursue his degree to further his music career.(来自宾厄姆顿，商务专业大四的Jonathan Shapiro决定继续他的学位，以进一步发展他的音乐事业。)”可知，Jonathan Shapiro决定攻读学位，进一步发展自己的音乐事业，因此可知，他会继续他的音乐学习。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据单词所在句子中的“He started making his own music in seventh grade after breaking his back,…(他背部骨折以后，七年级的时候便开始创作自己的音乐……)”可知，他背部骨折后开始制作自己的音乐，分析句子结构可知，which引导的非限制性定语从句是对主句的解释说明，结合常识可知，由于背部骨折让他无法实现自己成为职业足球运动员的梦想，所以scatter的意思应为“扼杀”。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的““The reason I came here was because in my senior year, I had a manager who was the owner of 105.5 The Beat, a radio station here in Rochester, and he invited me to come to this Kevin Gates concert,” Shapiro said.(“我来这里的原因是，在我大四的时候，我有一位经理是罗切斯特广播电台105.5 The Beat的老板，他邀请我来参加凯文盖茨的音乐会，”Shapiro说。)”可知，他在大四的时候有电台老板邀请他去参加Kevin Gates的音乐会，以及“He started making his own music in seventh grade(他从七年级开始制作自己的音乐)”可知，在他七年级时开始创作音乐可知，他是个有才华的人，根据最后一段中的Shapiro在给音乐家和说唱歌手提建议时说的“Don’t get discouraged by results and don’t be results-oriented (导向).(不要因结果气馁，不要以结果为导向。)”可知，他是一个积极向上的人，综合以上信息可知，Shapiro是一个积极向上，有才华的人。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“When asked about advice that he would give to ambitious musicians and rappers here in Rochester, Shapiro had this to say: “Don’t get discouraged by results and don’t be results-oriented (导向). If you want to get out there, do it because you love it and because you want to make good art, and that will always have an impact.”(当被问及他给罗切斯特雄心勃勃的音乐家和说唱歌手的建议时，Shapiro说：“不要因结果气馁，不要以结果为导向。如果你想走出去，那就去做，因为你喜欢它，因为你想制作好的艺术，这总会有影响的。)”以及结合Shapiro的经历可知，本文主要讲述的是Shapiro为实现自己的音乐梦，继续攻读学位，他追随自己本心，不放弃自己的梦想，由此可知，本文的题目为“追随本心可以产生影响”符合文章的主题。故选D项。
C
The “butterfly effect” may be real, which is used to describe seemingly insignificant events that can have unplanned consequences. But there might be a more literal “butterfly effect” taking place right before our eyes, scientists suggest.
According to new research, insects actually carry electrical charges which can have enormous effects on the atmosphere, potentially influencing even the weather. The findings were published Monday in the journal Science.
Before you can understand that, you have to understand how electrical charges in the atmosphere work. The Earth’s atmosphere always carries an electrical charge to a lesser or greater degree, which scientists refer to as the Potential Gradient (PG). Scientists concluded that atmospheric electricity is primarily driven by natural weather events like thunderstorms and shower clouds, though factors like human pollution also affect it. Researchers, therefore, want to know how electrical charges impact clouds.
To confirm that honeybees carry electrical charges, researchers placed an electrical field monitor near a swarm of (一群) honeybees near the University of Bristol. They also placed a control monitor in a field where there were no bee swarms. The monitor near the bee swarm picked up an increase in electrical charge whereas the control monitor detected no such effect, confirming their assumption.
Second, the researchers wanted to calculate the insects’ electrical effects on the atmosphere compared to the electrical impacts of natural weather events like clouds and dust storms. They calculated the electrical charge of three different types of insect swarms. Most surprisingly, insects’ electrical charges can have just as significant an impact on atmospheric electricity as natural weather events.
The knowledge that insects impact the atmosphere’s electricity has bigger implications for science. PG affects the “movement of aerosols (气溶胶) in the atmosphere, and leads to charging of droplets in some clouds,” according to Hunting. Insect swarms likely won’t drive weather events like thunderstorms, but they could impact the movement of these atmospheric aerosols.
Further research will dive into this previously unexplored field of scientific research and may go beyond insects, since organisms like birds and microbes also carry electrical charges.
8. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The background of the research.
B. The publication of journal Science.
C. The work of electrical charges in atmosphere.
D. The electrical effects of insects on atmosphere.
9. How did researchers conduct the process of experiments?
A. By using statistics. B. By analyzing causes.
C. By introducing concepts. D. By making comparisons.
10. Which has the least electrical effects on the atmosphere’s electricity?
A. Human pollution. B. Shower clouds.
C. The thunderstorms. D. The insect swarms.
11. What can we learn about the research from the passage?
A. Insect swarms are likely to drive thunderstorms.
B. Natural weather events lead to charging of droplets.
C. Both PG and insect swarms affect the movement of atmospheric aerosols.
D. Researchers have made controlled experiment between insects and organisms.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项新的研究，昆虫携带的电荷会对大气产生巨大影响,甚至可能影响天气。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“According to new research, insects actually carry electrical charges which can have enormous effects on the atmosphere, potentially influencing even the weather.(根据新的研究，昆虫实际上携带电荷，会对大气产生巨大影响，甚至可能影响天气)”可知，研究发现，昆虫可能带有电荷，会对大气产生影响。代词“that”通常指代上文中的内容，所以“that”指代的内容为昆虫携带的电荷对大气的影响。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The monitor near the bee swarm picked up an increase in electrical charge whereas the control monitor detected no such effect, confirming their assumption.(蜂群附近的监视器检测到电荷增加，而控制监视器没有检测到这种影响，证实了他们的假设)”可知，研究发现有峰群的区域电荷增加，而没有峰群的区域未监控到电荷的变化，由此可知，该研究是釆用比较的方法进行的。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Scientists concluded that atmospheric electricity is primarily driven by natural weather events like thunderstorms and shower clouds, though factors like human pollution also affect it.(科学家得出结论，大气电主要由雷暴和阵雨云等自然天气事件驱动，尽管人类污染等因素也会影响它)”以及倒数第三段中的“Most surprisingly, insects’ electrical charges can have just as significant an impact on atmospheric electricity as natural weather events.(最令人惊讶的是，昆虫的电荷对大气电的影响与自然天气事件一样重要)”可知，昆虫的电荷与自然天气事件对大气电的影响是一样的重要，所以人类污染对大气电的影响是最小的。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“PG affects the “movement of aerosols in the atmosphere, and leads to charging of droplets in some clouds,” according to Hunting.(根据Hunting的说法，PG影响“大气中气溶胶的运动，并导致某些云中的液滴充电”)”可知，PG影响大气中气溶胶的运动，根据下文中的“Insect swarms likely won’t drive weather events like thunderstorms, but they could impact the movement of these atmospheric aerosols.(昆虫群可能不会驱动雷暴等天气事件，但它们可能会影响这些大气气溶胶的运动)”可知，昆虫群可能会影响这些大气气溶胶的运动，由以上内容可以推断，PG和昆虫群都会影响大气气溶胶的运动。故选C项。
D
Running has long been considered one of the most efficient, convenient, and beneficial workouts. But some claim you get more out of the classic way of exercising with a new technique—or rather a 180-degree about-face.
A study led by Dr. Gardner published in 2016 in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning backs this up. Researchers found that running backwards benefited athletes by improving their running economy; by running backwards over time the athletes became better runners overall.
Unlike forward running, which generally uses the muscles in the front of the leg, running backwards primarily uses the muscles of the bottom chain, especially the calf（腓）muscles and glutes. Dr. Gardner adds, “Within just a minute or two of running backwards, you’ll start to feel the burning in your calves!”
Frankie Ruiz, a longtime cross-country running coach and chief running officer explains that aside from moving in reverse, running backwards differs from regular running because it requires an entirely different combination of things to do correctly.
Running backwards may be easier on the knees. “In a backwards movement, the set of muscles involved in absorbing the impact in the lower level are opposite. Your lower leg muscles are doing most of the absorbing, thereby placing less stress on the knees. Running backwards will recruit lesser utilized muscles resulting in muscle growth and toning,” says Ruiz.
In addition to using different muscles than running forwards, running backwards enhances balance and posture, “as it forces you to stay in a more upright position,” Gardner says.
As to claims that running backwards can burn more calories than forward running, Gardner says it’s not so black and white. Lots of factors (including heart rate, age, and others) affect how many calories you burn during any particular activity. “Different muscle pattern usage doesn’t necessarily burn more calories. It is the intensity（强度）that matters most,” she points out.
Because running backwards causes more muscle activity than running forwards, however, Gardner notes it makes sense that one might burn more calories, but there’s not conclusive data on exact calorie consumption differences.
12. What is the benefit of running backwards?
A. It combines various muscles.
B. It can better athletes’ performance.
C. It frees the front muscles of the leg.
D. It gets calf muscles and glutes burned.
13. Why is Ruiz’s opinion on running backwards mentioned?
A. To state more of its advantages.
B. To share his personal preference.
C. To show its promising development.
D. To introduce detailed guidance on it.
14 What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Calories consumption is difficult to measure.
B. Using different muscles can burn more calories.
C. The amount of calories burning depends on many aspects.
D. Running backwards burns more calories than running forwards.
15. Who would benefit most from this passage?
A. Nutritionists pursuing a balanced diet.
B. Patients hoping to cure their injured knees.
C. Coaches intending to better their training methods.
D. Runners seeking to improve their economical situation.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了倒着跑步的好处并分析了形成这些好处的原因。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers found that running backwards benefited athletes by improving their running economy; by running backwards over time the athletes became better runners overall.(研究人员发现，向后跑步通过改善跑步经济使运动员受益；随着时间的推移，通过向后跑，运动员总体上变成了更好的跑步者)”可知，向后跑步的运动员整体上会成为更好的跑步运动员，也就是说，能使运动员的表现更好。故选B项
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Running backwards may be easier on the knees. “In a backwards movement, the set of muscles involved in absorbing the impact in the lower level are opposite. Your lower leg muscles are doing most of the absorbing, thereby placing less stress on the knees. Running backwards will recruit lesser utilized muscles resulting in muscle growth and toning,” says Ruiz.(膝盖向后跑可能更容易。“在向后运动中，参与吸收较低水平冲击力的一组肌肉是相反的。您的小腿肌肉正在完成大部分吸收，从而减轻膝盖的压力。向后跑步会招募较少使用的肌肉，从而导致肌肉生长和调理，”Ruiz说)”可知，Ruiz认为倒着跑步对膝盖有保护作用，且也会导致肌肉的增长和塑形，结合本文主题为倒着跑步的好处，所以提到Ruiz的观点是为了陈述更多倒着跑步的好处。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Lots of factors (including heart rate, age, and others) affect how many calories you burn during any particular activity.(许多因素（包括心率、年龄等）会影响您在任何特定活动中燃烧多少热量)”以及尾段中的“Because running backwards causes more muscle activity than running forwards, however, Gardner notes it makes sense that one might burn more calories, but there’s not conclusive data on exact calorie consumption differences.(然而，因为向后跑步比向前跑步会导致更多的肌肉活动，加德纳指出，一个人可能会燃烧更多的卡路里是有道理的，但没有关于确切卡路里消耗差异的结论性数据)”可知，向后跑步比向前跑步肌肉活动会更多，但没有明确的结论证实热量燃烧的差异性，有很多因素决定了热量燃烧的多少，由此可推断，最后两段进述的是热量燃烧的量取决于很多因素。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchers found that running backwards benefited athletes by improving their running economy; by running backwards over time the athletes became better runners overall.(研究人员发现，向后跑步通过改善跑步经济使运动员受益;随着时间的推移，通过向后跑，运动员总体上变成了更好的跑步者)”可知，研究发现，向后跑步能整体上提高运动员的表现，由此可推断，打算优化训练方法的教练可以考虑用此方法训练运动员，以提高他们的成绩，所以这篇文章的受益者应是打算优化训练方法的教练。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A small change can make a big difference to your health and well-being. Take your pick from these easy habits to adopt today.
Stand tall when you’re hurting
____16____. But did you know it can make you better able to cope with pain? Contrary to popular belief, say Canadian researchers, curling up into a ball can actually make pain worse. You can adopt a dominant pose — by standing tall and pushing out your chest. ____17____. It may also lead to hormonal (荷尔蒙的) changes that encourage pain tolerance. ____18____
Trying to cut down on alcohol? It pays to switch glasses, as well as measures. According to latest research, the shape of the glass you use can influence how much you drink. Picking a straight glass over a curved one enables you to more accurately judge the amounts you’re consuming. Also try drinking from a smaller glass. Bigger ones encourage people to drink more.
Don’t eat in front of the TV
Eating while distracted not only means you’re more likely to consume extra calories.____19____, so you’re more likely to overeat later in the day, according to a review of studies at the University of Liverpool. “If people recalled their last meal as being filling and satisfying, they ate less during their next meal,” says Dr Eric Robinson.
Start a gratitude habit
Not enjoying your job at the moment? “Try fighting it with a gratitude habit,” suggests Susanna Halonen.____20____. It will help to shift your perspective, so you’ll soon start to notice things you enjoy about your work and replace pre-work dread with excitement.
A. Switch to curved glass
B. Change your wine glass
C. There are countless benefits to good posture, of course
D. But don’t be attempted to eat your lunch at the same time
E. It also makes it more difficult to recall how much you’ve eaten
F. End each working day by writing a list of three things you feel grateful for
G. It creates a sense of power and control that can make the pain easier to bear
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. B 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个微小的改变能影响你的健康和幸福感，并提出了几个建议。
【16题详解】
根据空白处下文“But did you know it can make you better able to cope with pain?(但是你知道它能使你更好地对付疼痛问题吗？)”可知上文讲的是主导姿势的益处，与C项“There are countless benefits to good posture, of course(当然，良好的姿势有数不清的益处)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
【17题详解】
根据下文“It may also lead to hormonal (荷尔蒙的) changes that encourage pain tolerance.(它还会导致能促进疼痛忍受度的荷尔蒙的变化)”中“also”可推出，空白处讲的也是挺胸站立姿势的好处，与G项“It creates a sense of power and control that can make the pain easier to bear(它会让你形成一种力量感和控制感，使得疼痛更容易忍受)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
【18题详解】
设空句是段首小标题，根据下文“Also try drinking from a smaller glass. Bigger ones encourage people to drink more.(还有，试着用小杯子喝，大点的杯子让人容易喝得多)”可知，本段主要讲的是改变杯子的大小。B项“Change your wine glass(改变你的酒杯)”是本段内容的概括，故选B项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“so you’re more likely to overeat later in the day(因此你就更有可能在当天的晚些时候多吃)”中“so”，可知上下文是因果有关系，可推理出上文讲的是不知道吃了多少，E项“It also makes it more difficult to recall how much you’ve eaten(它也会让你更不容易想起你已经吃了多少)”符合语境，故选E项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Try fighting it with a gratitude habit(试着用感恩的习惯对付它)”可知下文讲的是培养感恩习惯的具体做法，与F项“End each working day by writing a list of three things you feel grateful for(用列举你认为感恩的三件事结束每一个工作日)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
El Capitan in Yosemite National Park in California rises 3, 000-feet from base to summit (最高点). It’s a vertical (垂首的) wall of rock, making it a popular____21____ for rock climbers from all over the world.
In fact, climbers like Joe Baker say summiting El Capitan is the ____22____ goal for adventurers. His son, Sam Baker, became the youngest person to overcome the ____23____ wall of rock. Oh, did we mention that Sam is only 8 years old?
Joe has climbed the mountain before, but ____24____ from the base to the summit. Making the climb was a dream of his, and seeing his son meet the ____25____ of one of the most difficult formations in the world made the experience even more ____26____. Sam was well-prepared for the hardships they’d encounter while climbing, and he ____27____ hard for the task. On October 30th, Sam ____28____ the top of the rock face, setting a youngest record to climb El Capitan! Joe ____29____ the news on Instagram. “We ____30____it!” he wrote. “Sam wanted to end our ____31____ with a cuddle (拥抱). I’m so ____32____ of Sam. He completed the youngest record of climbing El Capitan! In a few years he might ____33____ more records.”
What an extraordinary ____34____, especially for someone so young! We can’t wait to see this young athlete breaks records as he continues on his ____35____ journey.
21. A. landscape B. destination C. object D. scene
22. A. ultimate B. unique C. flexible D. incredible
23. A. clean B. impressive C. smooth D. diverse
24. A. eventually B. constantly C. never D. sometimes
25. A. standard B. requirement C. deadline D. challenge
26. A. beneficial B. defensive C. special D. alarming
27. A. served B. preserved C. reacted D. trained
28 A. left B. gained C. reached D. measured
29. A. shared B. noticed C. received D. removed
30. A. tried B. made C. kept D. got
31. A. adventure B. case C. memory D. plot
32. A. worthy B. proud C. aware D. fond
33. A. break B. build C. forget D. maintain
34. A. evidence B. mission C. arrangement D. achievement
35. A. surfing B. studying C. climbing D. living
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是登山者Joe Baker的儿子Sam Baker成为登上El Capitan的最年轻的登山者的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一堵垂直的岩石墙，使它成为世界各地攀岩者的热门目的地。A. landscape景观；B. destination目的地；C. object目标；D. scene场面。根据上文“It’s a vertical (垂首的) wall of rock”可知，这是一堵垂直的岩石墙，使它成为世界各地攀岩者的热门目的地。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，像Joe Baker这样的登山者说，登顶El Capitan是冒险家的最终目标。A. ultimate最终的；B. unique独一无二的；C. flexible灵活的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据上文“summiting El Capitan”可知，登顶El Capitan是冒险家的最终目标。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的儿子Sam Baker成为了跨越这道令人印象深刻的岩石之墙的最年轻的人。A. clean干净的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. smooth光滑的；D. diverse不同的。根据上文“El Capitan in Yosemite National Park in California rises 3, 000-feet from base to summit (最高点). It’s a vertical (垂首的) wall of rock”可知，这是一道令人印象深刻的岩石之墙。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Joe以前爬过这座山，但从未从山脚爬到山顶。A. eventually最终；B. constantly不断地；C. never从未；D. sometimes有时。but表转折，因此句子表示“Joe以前爬过这座山，但从未从山脚爬到山顶”，空格处是“从未”，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：攀登这座山是他的梦想，看到他的儿子迎接世界上最困难的岩层之一的挑战，让这次经历更加特别。A. standard标准；B. requirement要求；C. deadline截止期限；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“one of the most difficult formations in the world”可知，此处表示“迎接世界上最困难的岩层之一的挑战”。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：攀登这座山是他的梦想，看到他的儿子迎接世界上最困难的岩层之一的挑战，让这次经历更加特别。A. beneficial有益的；B. defensive防御的；C. special特别的 ；D. alarming令人恐惧的。根据上文“seeing his son meet the ____5____ of one of the most difficult formations in the world”可知，看到他的儿子迎接世界上最困难的岩层之一的挑战，让这次经历更加特别。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sam为攀登过程中遇到的困难做好了充分的准备，他为此进行了艰苦的训练。A. served服务；B. preserved保存；C. reacted反应；D. trained训练。根据上文“Sam was well-prepared for the hardships they’d encounter while climbing”可知，他为此进行了艰苦的训练。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：10月30日，Sam到达了岩石表面的顶部，创造了攀登El Capitan的最年轻纪录！A. left离开；B. gained得到；C. reached到达；D. measured测量。根据下文“the top of the rock face”可知，山姆到达了岩石表面的顶部。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Joe在Instagram上分享了这个消息。A. shared分享；B. noticed注意到；C. received收到；D. removed去除。根据下文“the news on Instagram”可知，Joe在Instagram上分享了这个消息。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们成功了！A. tried尝试；B. made做，作出；C. kept保持；D. got得到。根据上文“Sam ____8____ the top of the rock face, setting a youngest record to climb El Capitan”可知，此处表示“我们成功了”，make it意为“成功”。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sam想用一个拥抱来结束我们的冒险。A. adventure冒险；B. case情况；C. memory记忆；D. plot情节。根据上文“Sam ____8____ the top of the rock face, setting a youngest record to climb El Capitan”可知，这次攀登是一次冒险。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真为Sam感到骄傲。A. worthy值得的；B. proud骄傲的；C. aware意识到的；D. fond喜欢的。根据上文“Sam ____8____ the top of the rock face, setting a youngest record to climb El Capitan”可知，他为Sam感到骄傲。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年后，他可能会打破更多的记录。A. break打破；B. build修建；C. forget忘记；D. maintain保持。根据下文“We can’t wait to see this young athlete breaks records as he continues”可知，此处表示“他可能会打破更多的记录”。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是多么了不起的成就，尤其是对一个如此年轻的人来说！A. evidence证据；B. mission使命；C. arrangement安排；D. achievement成就。根据上文“Sam ____8____ the top of the rock face, setting a youngest record to climb El Capitan”可知，这是了不起的成就。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们迫不及待地想看到这位年轻的运动员继续他的攀岩之旅，打破纪录。A. surfing上网；B. studying学习；C. climbing攀登；D. living居住。根据上文“He completed the youngest record of climbing El Capitan”可知，句子表示“我们迫不及待地想看到这位年轻的运动员继续他的攀岩之旅，打破纪录”。故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What makes a family a family is subjective, but one thing is ____36____(powerful) than any definition, and that’s love.
After Rick Baldwin and his wife Keia Jones-Baldwin of Kernersville, got married, they came to the difficult ____37____(realize) that a biological baby wasn’t in the cards for their family. In 2015 the Jones-Baldwin family started opening their doors to children ____38____ may never have experienced real parental love. They ____39____(adopt) some of the kids since the family welcomed six kids.
Their first adoptee was Ayden,____40____ 8-year-old boy who lived with them for two years before they ____41____(official) made him a Jones-Baldwin. Princeton, a white newborn, was only supposed to be with them for a couple months but also ended up ____42____(stay) for two years before he joined the excited family. Keia started a platform ____43____(call) Raising Cultures, where she shares her experiences as a mom through ____44____ (video), pictures, and other resources.
On a larger scale, Keia’s work with Raising Cultures serves _____45_____ a reminder to world that when it comes to family, “Love is color-blind.”
【答案】36. more powerful
37. realization##realisation
38. who##that
39. have adopted
40. an 41. officially
42. staying
43. called 44. videos
45. as
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。通过讲述一对夫妇结婚后没有孩子而选择收养孩子并建立了一个名为Raising Cultures的平台分享作凯亚为妈妈的经历表明了“爱”是使家称之为家的关键。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：使一个家庭成为家庭的因素是主观的，但有一件事比任何定义都更强大，那就是爱。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，根据空后的than可知，此处应为形容词的比较级。故填more powerful。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：在克纳斯维尔的里克·鲍德温（Rick Baldwin）和他的妻子凯亚·琼斯-鲍德温（Keia Jones-Baldwin）结婚后，他们艰难地意识到，他们家可能不会有自己的亲生孩子。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，realize的名词形式为realization/realisation，且为不可数名词。故填realization/realisation。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：2015年，琼斯-鲍德温一家开始向那些可能从未体验过真正父母之爱的孩子敞开大门。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词children指人，应用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
【39题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：自从他们家接纳了六个孩子以来，他们已经收养了他们中的一些孩子。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据since意为“自从”时，主句应用现在完成时态，且adopt与主语为主动关系，主语为复数。故填have adopted。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们的第一个被收养的孩子是艾登，一个8岁的男孩，在他们正式把他变成琼斯鲍德温之前，他和他们一起生活了两年。可数名词单数boy前需要限定词，结合句意可知，此处意为“一个8岁的小男孩”，表示泛指，所以应填不定冠词，空后的数字“8”的发音的第一个音素为元音。故填an。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：他们的第一个被收养的孩子是艾登，一个8岁的男孩，在他们正式把他变成琼斯鲍德温之前，他和他们一起生活了两年。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词作状语修饰谓语动词，official的副词为officially。故填officially。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：普林斯顿是一个白人新生儿，原本只应该和他们在一起几个月，但最终在加入这个兴奋的家庭之前与他们在一起待了两年。end up doing sth.意为“以……告终”符合句意。故填staying。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：凯亚创建了一个名为Raising Cultures的平台，在那里她通过视频、图片和其他资源分享她作为母亲的经历。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰a platform，结合句意可知，call与a platform间为被动关系，表示当时所处的状态，所以使用过去分词形式。故填called。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：凯亚创建了一个名为Raising Cultures的平台，在那里她通过视频、图片和其他资源分享她作为母亲的经历。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，video为可数名词，结合句意可知此处表示泛指，且空前无不定冠词，所以用名词复数表泛指概念。故填videos。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：在更大程度上，凯亚与Raising Cultures的合作提醒世界，当涉及到家庭时，“爱是色盲”。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语serve as意为“充当，担当”的意思，符合句意。故填as。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，今年暑假去澳大利亚玩了一周，你的朋友Peter招待了你，请给他写一封信表示感谢，内容包括：
1. 表达谢意；
2. 回顾Peter对你的招待；
3. 邀请他来中国旅游。
注意：
1. 词数应为80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m Li Hua. I am writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you for your company in Australia during the summer vacation.
Every time I recall the time I spent in Australia, I couldn’t help thinking of you. Undoubtedly, I wouldn’t have enjoyed myself so much without you. To begin with, it was the comfortable accommodation and warm entertainment that made me feel at home and enjoyable. Moreover, not only did you lead me to some scenic spots but also took me to taste all types of food in Australia, which deepened my understanding of Australian culture.
I am sincerely inviting you to pay a visit to China next summer vacation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给朋友Peter写封信，对他在澳大利亚招待了你一事表达谢意，回顾Peter对你的招待以及邀请他来中国旅游。
【详解】1.词汇积累
表达：convey→express
感激：gratitude→thankfulness
此外：moreover→furthermore
首先：to begin with→in the first place
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you for your company in Australia during the summer vacation.
拓展句：I am writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you because you accompanied me in Australia during the summer vacation.
【点睛】[高分句型1] To begin with, it was the comfortable accommodation and warm entertainment that made me feel at home and enjoyable. (运用了强调句)
[高分句型2] Moreover, not only did you lead me to some scenic spots but also took me to taste all types of food in Australia, which deepened my understanding of Australian culture. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和部分倒装句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It all began when I moved to Dallasin the fourth grade, and I noticed that I was behind in my reading at School. Reading out loud, I had difficulty with half the sentences. My teacher, Mrs. Agnew, said my reading comprehension and ability to pronounce words was at a lower level than other fourth graders. I was scared every time she called on me to read aloud because, although I would try my hardest, she would always have to help me with the words. Mrs. Agnew suggested to my mother that I be tested for dyslexia (发育性阅读障碍) and seek a cure.
At first I didn’t understand why I was being tested. To be honest, I was in fear of facing failure then. Nervous and confused, I sat waiting in the hospital room, unsure of what Dr. Grady, the doctor who diagnosed developmental dyslexia, was telling my parents about the test results.
However, the final results showed that I did have developmental dyslexia. Knowing it, I froze. I had no idea what to do but stand still. My mother looked at me and said quietly, “Honey, don’t worry, and I’ll be with you all time. Are you going to let the obstacle get in your way? Say NO!”. Eventually, I became determined to struggle against my disability. I started to take speech treatments from doctors and some medical volunteers regularly. Dr. Grady told us to go to the hospital twice a week for treatment and my reading ability will get to normal after three years’ training.
Gradually, I even began to love reading, which I had once hated it so much. Several medical volunteers listened to me patiently and taught me patiently. I was deeply moved. Whenever I saw volunteers in white candy-striped (粉白相间条纹的) medical uniforms passing by me, I had a strong desire to give back by being a volunteer to help those like me.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The time for retesting finally arrived.
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One day a little girl in a wheelchair asked me to read a book to her.
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【答案】The time for retesting finally arrived. I had overcome my learning disability. Dr. Grady confirmed this. “I’m proud of you, honey!” My mother smiled, hugging me tightly. Dr. Grady said that my dyslexia was at a minimum. My reading ability was as normal as other teens. I was overjoyed. But even though I had conquered one of the biggest challenges in my life, I still felt like something was missing. I decided to do something for others.
One day a little girl in a wheelchair asked me to read a book to her. I read the book very slowly so that she could understand the story and the words. When it was time for me to leave, the girl thanked me for reading to her. I walked out of her room with a huge smile on my face. Without their help and encouragement, I would have hesitated in reading a book to this little girl, but now I was confident. I had overcome my disability and was helping others to overcome theirs. I am determined to help others face and conquer the challenges that I have overcome.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者四年级时被老师发现阅读理解能力和发音能力低于其他四年级学生，经过测试发现作者确实患有发展性阅读障碍，作者不知道该怎么办，但是作者的妈妈承诺将一直陪伴作者，作者开始定期接受医生和一些医疗志愿者的语言治疗，作者被医疗志愿者感动，想通过成为志愿者来帮助那些像作者一样的人。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“重新测试的时间终于到了。”可知，第一段可描写测试的结果和作者及作者的妈妈知道结果后的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“一天，一个坐在轮椅上的小女孩请我给她读一本书。”可知，第二段可描写作者给那个女孩读书，作者的感受以及作者决心要帮助他人。
2.续写线索：医生告知测试结果——妈妈的反应——作者的感受——给女孩读书——作者开心——决心帮助他人
3.词汇激活
行为类
①确认：confirm/notarize
②拥抱：hug/embrace
③下定决心：be determined/make up one’s mind
情绪类
①骄傲：be proud of/take pride in
②高兴：be overjoyed/be exultant
【点睛】[高分句型1] When it was time for me to leave, the girl thanked me for reading to her. (由when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] I am determined to help others face and conquer the challenges that I have overcome. (由关系代词that引导限制性定语从句)
听力1~5 CACBA 6~10 BACAB 11~15 CBACB 16~20 ABCAC