高中英语高考第2部分 第3讲 专题3介词 2021届人教版英语高考一轮复习同步课件

语法专题突破第三讲　不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词、介词和数词专题3　介词1　　重 温 真 题2　　考 点 精 析3　　考 点 集 训重 温 真 题考向1　常见介词的考查单句语法填空1．(2019·浙江卷)The answer ______ this question is not clear.解析：考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。to 2．(2018·浙江卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home _______ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. 解析：考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。3．(2017·全国Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ______ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析：此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。for as 4．(2017·全国Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full－time before going to university to get a degree ______ engineering or architecture.解析：关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。5．(全国Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.解析：with one's hands用某人的手。介词with意为“用”。in with 6．(全国Ⅰ)For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away ______ car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.解析：根据句意可知，此处表示“驱车只有一个小时的路程”。“by＋交通工具名词”表示乘坐交通工具。by 7．(广东)One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she fell over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living ___________ the cow.解析：根据句意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此Johnson一家就不得不在没有了奶牛的情况下生活。故填without。without 考向2　短语搭配中的介词单句语法填空1．(2019·全国I卷)Modern methods __________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 解析：考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”，意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。of/for 2．(2019·全国III卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ______ dogs，seven to be exact.解析：考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching _______ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.解析：考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地的大猩猩。of for 4．(2017·全国Ⅱ)It(the first underground passenger railway) ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.解析：travel to and from work上下班。5．(全国Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back ______ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s.解析：go back to为固定短语，意为“回到，追溯到”。from to 6．(全国Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused ______ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.解析：句意：我们中的很多人早晨的注意力要比一天中晚些时候的注意力更集中。 be focused on专心于，集中于，为固定短语。on 7．(全国Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ______ the same time, they warm up again for the night.解析：at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用的介词短语。8．(新课标全国Ⅱ)When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ______ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.解析：此处考查一个固定短语next to，意为“挨着”。at to 考 点 精 析►框架结构图►介词的句法功能1．介词不能单独使用，但“介词＋宾语”构成的介词短语可在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。2．介词后的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词、疑问句＋不定式、wh－从句等。►介词的核心考点介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at，in，for等；合成介词，如within，inside，onto，throughout等；短语介词，如according to，out of，because of，by means of，in spite of，instead of等；双重介词，如from behind/above/under等；分词介词，如considering，including，judging (from/by)等。►介词的基本用法►固定搭配1．介词与名词类at breakfast在吃早饭；at home在家里；at the cinema在电影院；by accident偶然；access to能够进入；能够使用；attitude to/towards对……的态度；effect on对……的影响；lack of缺乏。2．动词＋介词类worry about为……担忧；talk about谈论；hear about听说；laugh at嘲笑；smile at对……微笑；shout at对……大喊；knock at敲击；hear from收到……的来信；show off炫耀；meet with遇到；遭受；accuse sb of sth.因某事指控某人；remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事。3．介词与形容词busy with忙于；good for对……有好处；pleased with对……感到满意；interested in对……感兴趣；kind to对……友好。►书面表达中介词易错点聚焦1．句尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少考 点 集 训Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It has no religious significance；the founders ______the movement adopted it in honor of Switzerland.2．“If you see us，” Velez tells them，“don't hide! We have come to rescue you，” Velez gives his presentations ______ English.3．He spent all day helping others, handing out charity to the poor, and looking after abandoned animals. Very seldom did he ever do that _______ anything.4．Many of my friends met ______ Wednesday in the early morning to go to a specific parking lot sale held at a store.of in for on 5．The global journey is led by an expedition leader，Steve Moore, ______ memory of his father, a firefighter who died of lung cancer at the age of 63.6．The paper had fallen down ___________ the desk and the wall.7．Thanks to the Internet, there are many ways to make friends now ___________ even leaving your home.8．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ___________ it.9．Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.10．Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ______ food safety problems.in between without against by to Ⅱ.语法填空(介词专练)I was in a restaurant. I noticed an elderly couple 1.________ a balloon tied to their table. When I asked them what the occasion was, they told me it was their 50th wedding anniversary. I was glad and sad 2._______ them at the same time. I was glad because they still cherished each other. I was sad because they were 3.______ their own, without any children or friends. After I went back to my table I thought I should pay their bill. I tried to do it, and the restaurant manager and the waitresses asked me curiously who they were 4.______ me. Finally，I told them I worked in a church and felt it was my duty to do so. with for on to The elderly couple were surprised and speechless when told a total stranger had paid 5._______ them. All of us were nearly 6.______ tears: the couple, the manager, the waitresses and me. Two months later I got a call 7.________ a newspaper telling me my simple act of kindness was reported. I wasn't expecting anything 8.______ return, but I became famous 9._______ that act of kindness. What would and could happen 10.______ us if we always practice such acts of kindness on family, friends, neighbors and strangers?for in from in for to