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高中英语高考第2部分 第1讲 专题1动词的时态和语态 2021届人教版英语高考一轮复习同步课件
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这是一份高中英语高考第2部分 第1讲 专题1动词的时态和语态 2021届人教版英语高考一轮复习同步课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了重 温 真 题，have made ，declared ，improved ，voiced ，had hoped ，is ，started ，meant ，comes 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1 重 温 真 题
2 考 点 精 析
3 考 点 集 训
考向1 动词的时态单句语法填空1．(2019·全国I卷)In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut ______________ (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a belief that ppulatins are increasing. 解析：考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reprted。
have reprted
2. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷)I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _____________ (make) ver the years.解析：ver the years常与完成时连用，在此意为“(从过去某时到现在的)多年来”。根据主句谓语动词lve的时态可知，定语从句的谓语动词make应用现在完成式。
3．(2019·全国II卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，prud Irene ____________ (declare) she had n plans t retire frm her 36－year－ld business. 解析：考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
recmmended
4．(2019·全国III卷)Our hsts shared many f their experiences and _______________ (recmmend)wnderful places t eat，shp，and visit. 解析：考查一般过去时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recmmended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recmmended。
will have/has
5．(2019·浙江卷)When every pupil in the schl wears the unifrm, nbdy _________________ (have) t wrry abut fashin(时尚). 解析：考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will d；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nbdy，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
6．(2019·浙江卷)One study in America fund that students' grades ____________ (imprve) a little after the schl intrduced unifrms. 解析：考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填imprved。
7．(2019·北京卷)On the first day f my first grade，I std by the dr with butterflies in my stmach. I __________ (vice)my biggest cncern t my mther. “Hw will I make friends？”解析：考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的vice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，参照语境中的std可知，用一般过去式。故填viced。
suggests/suggested/has suggested
8. (2019·北京卷)Des the name f the cllege yu attend really matter？Research n the questin ____________________________________(suggest)that，fr mst students，it desn't.解析：考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
9. (2019·天津卷)I _____________ (hpe)t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage，but I culdn't manage it.解析： 考查时态。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。culdn't manage用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时，表示过去本打算做某事而没有做成。
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make yu live frever, the review says it ______(be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming.解析：考查谓语动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个客观事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment ___________(start) a sil－testing prgram that gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.解析：考查谓语动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用一般过去时。故填started。
12．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _________(mean)me n real harm. He was just saying: “I'm king f this frest, and here is yur reminder！”解析：考查谓语动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
13．(2017·全国Ⅲ)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw. But at the mment, schl _________(cme) first. I dn't want t get t absrbed in mdeling.”解析：此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。14．(2017·浙江)Pahlssn and her husband ____________(search) the kitchen，checking every crner, but turned up nthing.解析：该句中but后的turned up使用了过去式，search是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用过去式。
15．(四川高考)Hwever, it stayed with her and learned abut the ways f the frest. Then, after tw and a half years, the mther __________(drive) the yung panda away.解析：文章叙述了熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾，用了一般过去时，空格处也需用一般过去时且为主动形式，故用drive的过去式drve。
16．(全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle ________(g) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cl ff during the night and are thus always a timely ffset(抵消) fr the utside temperatures.解析：此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去，由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。
考向2 动词的语态单句语法填空1．(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brthers, _____________(give)a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.解析：本题考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。由时间状语last week可知应用一般过去时；as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则，即这句话真正的主语是Amy，故用单数；由句意可知用一般过去时的被动语态。
was shcked
2．(2018·浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend wh'd lived here fr five years and I _______________(shck) when I learnt she hadn't cked nce in all that time.解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shck的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shcked。
are remved
3．(2017·全国Ⅰ)When fat and salt _______________(remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.解析：根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remve是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态结构are remved。
has been tld/was tld
4．(2017·全国Ⅲ)Sarah __________________________(tell) that she culd be Britain's new supermdel, earning a millin dllars in the next year.解析：根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。
was allwed
5．(全国Ⅰ)S it was a great hnur t be invited backstage at the nt－fr－prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research. I _______________(allw) t get up clse t these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.解析：根据语境及allw sb. t d sth.这一用法可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。
6．(全国Ⅲ)Truly elegant chpsticks might ___________(make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters.解析：根据句意筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be dne。
7．(四川)The giant panda ____________(lve) by peple thrughut the wrld.解析：大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda此处表示单数概念，与lve之间是被动关系。故填is lved。
8．(广东)He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby fr ther fd and made cheese and butter fr the family with what ____________(leave)．解析：句意：他在附近的乡镇卖牛奶时用牛奶交换其他食品，剩下的东西为家人做奶酪和黄油。这里what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。
►动词的时态和语态的形式
►谓语动词的五种基本形式：1．动词原形2．动词的第三人称单数3．动词的过去式4．动词的现在分词5．动词的过去分词
►动词时态的核心考点1．一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait fr n man.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Ice feels cld.These ranges taste gd.They always care fr each ther and help each ther.
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see，hear，smell，taste，feel，ntice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belng t, seem等。He likes his bike.All the students here belng t N. 1 Middle Schl.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。I'll write t her when I have time.
(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词如cme，g，leave, arrive, fly，return, start，begin，pen，clse，end，stp等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。The shp clses at 11∶00 p．m. every day.Tmrrw is Wednesday.
2．一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。We met her in the street yesterday.When he was yung, he tk cld baths regularly.I didn't expect t see yu studying at the library.
(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。He tld me he read an interesting nvel last night.(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as sn as, immediately, the mment, the minute等。He bught a watch but lst it.The mment she came in, she tld me what had happened t her.
(4)常用一般过去时态的句型。Why didn't yu think f that?I didn't ntice it.I frgt t tell yu I had been there with my brther befre.I didn't recgnize him.
3．一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用 will/shall＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tmrrw，next week等。We will have a meeting tmrrw.(2)表示趋向行为的动词如cme，g，start，begin，leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。The students are leaving n Sunday.
(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式be ging t d, be t d，be abut t d的用法及区别：①be ging t d在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自然现象。The railway is ging t be pen n Octber 1st.②be t d表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is t be held at 3∶00 'clck this afternn.Yu're t be back befre five 'clck.
③be abut t d表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is abut t start.注意：be ging t d表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will d表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be ging t d表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will d则能，表意愿。If it is fine, we'll g fishing.[√]If it is fine, we are ging t g fishing.[×]
4．现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；g，cme等表示位置移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always, ften等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或表达某种感情色彩。He is wrking n a paper.She is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tnight.We are leaving n Friday.The girl is always talking lud in public.
(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，lve，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。②表示存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belng t等。③表示行为结果的动词：allw，accept，permit，prmise，admit，cmplete等。④表示感官的动词：see，hear，ntice，feel，smell，sund，taste，lk等。
5．过去进行时态考点分析过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某个时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting bk this time yesterday.6．现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和fr，since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/ver the last (past) few years(mnths，weeks...)，in recent years, s far, up t nw等。
(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。It is (has been)＋一段时间＋since从句This(That/It) is the first (secnd...)time that＋主语＋现在完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。I shall pst the letter as sn as I have written it.If yu have dne the exper ment, yu will realize the thery better.Dn't get ff the bus until it has stpped.
7．过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。①在by，by the end f，by the time, until, befre, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end f last year, we had prduced 20,000 cars.The train had left befre we reached the statin.②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hped/planned/meant/ intended/thught/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hped/planned...＋t have dne。We had planned t finish the wrk befre dark, but we were held up by a heavy rain.
③“时间名词＋befre”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ag”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years befre.Xia Hua left schl three years ag.④在，n 句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarely，n sner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had n sner been seated than the bus started.＝N sner had we been seated than the bus started.
(2)在befre或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he (had) left the rm, the bss came in.We arrived hme befre it snwed.8．过去将来时考点分析过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。He always said that he wuld study hard at that time.
9．注意几组时态的区别(1)一般过去时与现在完成时：①时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如ag，last year，just nw，the ther day等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。②结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。(2)过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式则只用一般过去时即可。
►动词被动语态的核心考点动词的被动语态的构成方式：be＋过去分词，口语中也用“get/becme＋过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)1．使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting bk n my birthday.An interesting bk was given t me (by my friend) n my birthday.I was given an interesting bk (by my friend) n my birthday.
(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加t(位置不变)。The bss made him wrk all day lng.He was made t wrk all day lng (by the bss)．(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken gd care f (by her)．Yur prnunciatin and spelling shuld be paid attentin t.(4)情态动词，be ging t，be t，be sure t，have t等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。We can repair this watch in tw days.This watch can be repaired in tw days.
2．不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hld，cntain，fit，cst等。(3)表示归属的动词，如have，wn，belng t等。(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish，want，hpe，like，lve，hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。
3．主动形式表被动意义(1)当feel，lk，smell，taste，sund等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。The fish smells gd.This kind f clth washes easily.These nvels wn't sell well.My pen writes smthly.The dr wn't lck.
(2)当happen, ccur, break ut, take place, shut ff，turn ff, wrk ut等动词(短语)表示“发生，关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan wrked ut successfully.The lamps n the wall turned ff.(3)want，require，need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)在“be＋形容词＋t d”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind f water isn't fit t drink.The girl isn't easy t get alng with.注意：be t blame(受谴责)，be t rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
4．被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况be seated坐着；be hidden躲藏；be lst迷路；be drunk喝醉；be dressed穿着5．被动语态与系表结构的区别此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。The bk was sld by a certain bkstre. (被动语态)The bk is well sld. (系表结构)
题组一 动词时态集训单句语法填空1．Being t anxius t help an event develp ften ___________(result) in the cntrary t ur intentin.2．By the time yu have finished this bk, yur meal ____________(get) cld.3．I'll g t the library as sn as I finish what I ____________(d)．
4．Did yu predict that many students ______________(sign) up fr the dance cmpetitin?5．In rder t find the missing child, villagers ___________________(d) all they can ver the past five hurs.6．This is the first time we _____________(see) a film in the cinema tgether as a family.
have been ding
题组二 动词被动语态集训单句语法填空1．If yu listen t rap music, yu will ntice hw the lyrics(歌词) ______________ (speak) in the backgrund f the sngs.2．Such a thing has never ______________(hear) f befre.3．Dn't wrry. The hard wrk that yu d nw ________________(repay) later in life.4．Great changes ______________(take) place in ur schl since 2010.5．The prfessr was delighted t find that tw thirds f the prject ____________________(finish) by the students independently.
been heard
will be repaid
have taken
had been finished
题组三 综合集训Ⅰ.语法填空(动词的时态和语态专练)A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” wman 1.______________(seek) prfessinal help after being cnvicted f(证明有……罪) shplifting fr the secnd time in six mnths.Aha Luz, recently studying fr PhD 2._________________(tell) she wuld end up behind bars unless she can cntrl the desire t steal frm shps.Luz, wh 3._________(live) with her partner in Fitzwdliam Rad, Cambridge，4.____________(admit) stealing clthes wrth 9.95 punds frm Lewis in Oxfrd Street, Lndn, n March 9.
is seeking
has been tld
Philip Lmyne, prsecuting(起诉), said Luz 5.____________(select) sme clthes frm a display and 6.________(take) them t the ladies' tilet in the stre. When she came ut again she 7._______________(wear) ne f the skirts she 8.________________ (select), having taken ff the anti－theft security alarm.She 9._______________(stp) and caught after leaving the stre withut paying, Mr. Lmyne said. He added that she was upset n her arrest and 10.______________ (aplgize) fr her actins.
was wearing
had selected
was stpped
Ⅱ.增分写作训练阅卷老师说：“在写作中，主动不如被动好”，即被动句比主动句表达更准确更生动。请利用被动语态升级以下句式。1．We will exhibit all the wrks in the display hall n the third flr f the Art Center.All the wrks will be exhibited in the display hall n the third flr f the Art Center.
2．We expect yu t arrive at the main gate befre 9 'clck.Yu are expected t arrive at the main gate befre 9 'clck.3．We select the utstanding exhibits frm 200 pieces f wrks handed in by the teachers and students.The utstanding exhibits are selected frm 200 pieces f wrks handed in by the teachers and students.
1 重 温 真 题
2 考 点 精 析
3 考 点 集 训
考向1 动词的时态单句语法填空1．(2019·全国I卷)In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut ______________ (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a belief that ppulatins are increasing. 解析：考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reprted。
have reprted
2. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷)I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _____________ (make) ver the years.解析：ver the years常与完成时连用，在此意为“(从过去某时到现在的)多年来”。根据主句谓语动词lve的时态可知，定语从句的谓语动词make应用现在完成式。
3．(2019·全国II卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，prud Irene ____________ (declare) she had n plans t retire frm her 36－year－ld business. 解析：考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
recmmended
4．(2019·全国III卷)Our hsts shared many f their experiences and _______________ (recmmend)wnderful places t eat，shp，and visit. 解析：考查一般过去时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recmmended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recmmended。
will have/has
5．(2019·浙江卷)When every pupil in the schl wears the unifrm, nbdy _________________ (have) t wrry abut fashin(时尚). 解析：考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will d；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nbdy，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
6．(2019·浙江卷)One study in America fund that students' grades ____________ (imprve) a little after the schl intrduced unifrms. 解析：考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填imprved。
7．(2019·北京卷)On the first day f my first grade，I std by the dr with butterflies in my stmach. I __________ (vice)my biggest cncern t my mther. “Hw will I make friends？”解析：考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的vice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，参照语境中的std可知，用一般过去式。故填viced。
suggests/suggested/has suggested
8. (2019·北京卷)Des the name f the cllege yu attend really matter？Research n the questin ____________________________________(suggest)that，fr mst students，it desn't.解析：考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
9. (2019·天津卷)I _____________ (hpe)t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage，but I culdn't manage it.解析： 考查时态。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。culdn't manage用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时，表示过去本打算做某事而没有做成。
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make yu live frever, the review says it ______(be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming.解析：考查谓语动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个客观事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment ___________(start) a sil－testing prgram that gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.解析：考查谓语动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用一般过去时。故填started。
12．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _________(mean)me n real harm. He was just saying: “I'm king f this frest, and here is yur reminder！”解析：考查谓语动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
13．(2017·全国Ⅲ)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw. But at the mment, schl _________(cme) first. I dn't want t get t absrbed in mdeling.”解析：此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。14．(2017·浙江)Pahlssn and her husband ____________(search) the kitchen，checking every crner, but turned up nthing.解析：该句中but后的turned up使用了过去式，search是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用过去式。
15．(四川高考)Hwever, it stayed with her and learned abut the ways f the frest. Then, after tw and a half years, the mther __________(drive) the yung panda away.解析：文章叙述了熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾，用了一般过去时，空格处也需用一般过去时且为主动形式，故用drive的过去式drve。
16．(全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle ________(g) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cl ff during the night and are thus always a timely ffset(抵消) fr the utside temperatures.解析：此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去，由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。
考向2 动词的语态单句语法填空1．(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brthers, _____________(give)a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.解析：本题考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。由时间状语last week可知应用一般过去时；as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则，即这句话真正的主语是Amy，故用单数；由句意可知用一般过去时的被动语态。
was shcked
2．(2018·浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend wh'd lived here fr five years and I _______________(shck) when I learnt she hadn't cked nce in all that time.解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shck的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shcked。
are remved
3．(2017·全国Ⅰ)When fat and salt _______________(remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.解析：根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remve是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态结构are remved。
has been tld/was tld
4．(2017·全国Ⅲ)Sarah __________________________(tell) that she culd be Britain's new supermdel, earning a millin dllars in the next year.解析：根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。
was allwed
5．(全国Ⅰ)S it was a great hnur t be invited backstage at the nt－fr－prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research. I _______________(allw) t get up clse t these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.解析：根据语境及allw sb. t d sth.这一用法可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。
6．(全国Ⅲ)Truly elegant chpsticks might ___________(make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters.解析：根据句意筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be dne。
7．(四川)The giant panda ____________(lve) by peple thrughut the wrld.解析：大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda此处表示单数概念，与lve之间是被动关系。故填is lved。
8．(广东)He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby fr ther fd and made cheese and butter fr the family with what ____________(leave)．解析：句意：他在附近的乡镇卖牛奶时用牛奶交换其他食品，剩下的东西为家人做奶酪和黄油。这里what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。
►动词的时态和语态的形式
►谓语动词的五种基本形式：1．动词原形2．动词的第三人称单数3．动词的过去式4．动词的现在分词5．动词的过去分词
►动词时态的核心考点1．一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait fr n man.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Ice feels cld.These ranges taste gd.They always care fr each ther and help each ther.
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see，hear，smell，taste，feel，ntice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belng t, seem等。He likes his bike.All the students here belng t N. 1 Middle Schl.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。I'll write t her when I have time.
(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词如cme，g，leave, arrive, fly，return, start，begin，pen，clse，end，stp等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。The shp clses at 11∶00 p．m. every day.Tmrrw is Wednesday.
2．一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。We met her in the street yesterday.When he was yung, he tk cld baths regularly.I didn't expect t see yu studying at the library.
(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。He tld me he read an interesting nvel last night.(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as sn as, immediately, the mment, the minute等。He bught a watch but lst it.The mment she came in, she tld me what had happened t her.
(4)常用一般过去时态的句型。Why didn't yu think f that?I didn't ntice it.I frgt t tell yu I had been there with my brther befre.I didn't recgnize him.
3．一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用 will/shall＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tmrrw，next week等。We will have a meeting tmrrw.(2)表示趋向行为的动词如cme，g，start，begin，leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。The students are leaving n Sunday.
(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式be ging t d, be t d，be abut t d的用法及区别：①be ging t d在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自然现象。The railway is ging t be pen n Octber 1st.②be t d表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is t be held at 3∶00 'clck this afternn.Yu're t be back befre five 'clck.
③be abut t d表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is abut t start.注意：be ging t d表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will d表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be ging t d表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will d则能，表意愿。If it is fine, we'll g fishing.[√]If it is fine, we are ging t g fishing.[×]
4．现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；g，cme等表示位置移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always, ften等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或表达某种感情色彩。He is wrking n a paper.She is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tnight.We are leaving n Friday.The girl is always talking lud in public.
(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，lve，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。②表示存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belng t等。③表示行为结果的动词：allw，accept，permit，prmise，admit，cmplete等。④表示感官的动词：see，hear，ntice，feel，smell，sund，taste，lk等。
5．过去进行时态考点分析过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某个时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting bk this time yesterday.6．现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和fr，since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/ver the last (past) few years(mnths，weeks...)，in recent years, s far, up t nw等。
(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。It is (has been)＋一段时间＋since从句This(That/It) is the first (secnd...)time that＋主语＋现在完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。I shall pst the letter as sn as I have written it.If yu have dne the exper ment, yu will realize the thery better.Dn't get ff the bus until it has stpped.
7．过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。①在by，by the end f，by the time, until, befre, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end f last year, we had prduced 20,000 cars.The train had left befre we reached the statin.②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hped/planned/meant/ intended/thught/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hped/planned...＋t have dne。We had planned t finish the wrk befre dark, but we were held up by a heavy rain.
③“时间名词＋befre”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ag”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years befre.Xia Hua left schl three years ag.④在，n 句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarely，n sner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had n sner been seated than the bus started.＝N sner had we been seated than the bus started.
(2)在befre或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he (had) left the rm, the bss came in.We arrived hme befre it snwed.8．过去将来时考点分析过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。He always said that he wuld study hard at that time.
9．注意几组时态的区别(1)一般过去时与现在完成时：①时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如ag，last year，just nw，the ther day等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。②结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。(2)过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式则只用一般过去时即可。
►动词被动语态的核心考点动词的被动语态的构成方式：be＋过去分词，口语中也用“get/becme＋过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)1．使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting bk n my birthday.An interesting bk was given t me (by my friend) n my birthday.I was given an interesting bk (by my friend) n my birthday.
(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加t(位置不变)。The bss made him wrk all day lng.He was made t wrk all day lng (by the bss)．(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken gd care f (by her)．Yur prnunciatin and spelling shuld be paid attentin t.(4)情态动词，be ging t，be t，be sure t，have t等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。We can repair this watch in tw days.This watch can be repaired in tw days.
2．不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hld，cntain，fit，cst等。(3)表示归属的动词，如have，wn，belng t等。(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish，want，hpe，like，lve，hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。
3．主动形式表被动意义(1)当feel，lk，smell，taste，sund等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。The fish smells gd.This kind f clth washes easily.These nvels wn't sell well.My pen writes smthly.The dr wn't lck.
(2)当happen, ccur, break ut, take place, shut ff，turn ff, wrk ut等动词(短语)表示“发生，关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan wrked ut successfully.The lamps n the wall turned ff.(3)want，require，need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)在“be＋形容词＋t d”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind f water isn't fit t drink.The girl isn't easy t get alng with.注意：be t blame(受谴责)，be t rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
4．被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况be seated坐着；be hidden躲藏；be lst迷路；be drunk喝醉；be dressed穿着5．被动语态与系表结构的区别此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。The bk was sld by a certain bkstre. (被动语态)The bk is well sld. (系表结构)
题组一 动词时态集训单句语法填空1．Being t anxius t help an event develp ften ___________(result) in the cntrary t ur intentin.2．By the time yu have finished this bk, yur meal ____________(get) cld.3．I'll g t the library as sn as I finish what I ____________(d)．
4．Did yu predict that many students ______________(sign) up fr the dance cmpetitin?5．In rder t find the missing child, villagers ___________________(d) all they can ver the past five hurs.6．This is the first time we _____________(see) a film in the cinema tgether as a family.
have been ding
题组二 动词被动语态集训单句语法填空1．If yu listen t rap music, yu will ntice hw the lyrics(歌词) ______________ (speak) in the backgrund f the sngs.2．Such a thing has never ______________(hear) f befre.3．Dn't wrry. The hard wrk that yu d nw ________________(repay) later in life.4．Great changes ______________(take) place in ur schl since 2010.5．The prfessr was delighted t find that tw thirds f the prject ____________________(finish) by the students independently.
been heard
will be repaid
have taken
had been finished
题组三 综合集训Ⅰ.语法填空(动词的时态和语态专练)A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” wman 1.______________(seek) prfessinal help after being cnvicted f(证明有……罪) shplifting fr the secnd time in six mnths.Aha Luz, recently studying fr PhD 2._________________(tell) she wuld end up behind bars unless she can cntrl the desire t steal frm shps.Luz, wh 3._________(live) with her partner in Fitzwdliam Rad, Cambridge，4.____________(admit) stealing clthes wrth 9.95 punds frm Lewis in Oxfrd Street, Lndn, n March 9.
is seeking
has been tld
Philip Lmyne, prsecuting(起诉), said Luz 5.____________(select) sme clthes frm a display and 6.________(take) them t the ladies' tilet in the stre. When she came ut again she 7._______________(wear) ne f the skirts she 8.________________ (select), having taken ff the anti－theft security alarm.She 9._______________(stp) and caught after leaving the stre withut paying, Mr. Lmyne said. He added that she was upset n her arrest and 10.______________ (aplgize) fr her actins.
was wearing
had selected
was stpped
Ⅱ.增分写作训练阅卷老师说：“在写作中，主动不如被动好”，即被动句比主动句表达更准确更生动。请利用被动语态升级以下句式。1．We will exhibit all the wrks in the display hall n the third flr f the Art Center.All the wrks will be exhibited in the display hall n the third flr f the Art Center.
2．We expect yu t arrive at the main gate befre 9 'clck.Yu are expected t arrive at the main gate befre 9 'clck.3．We select the utstanding exhibits frm 200 pieces f wrks handed in by the teachers and students.The utstanding exhibits are selected frm 200 pieces f wrks handed in by the teachers and students.
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