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高中英语高考第2部分 第1讲 专题2非谓语动词 2021届人教版英语高考一轮复习同步课件
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这是一份高中英语高考第2部分 第1讲 专题2非谓语动词 2021届人教版英语高考一轮复习同步课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了重 温 真 题，noting ，being ，to wear ，visiting ，dying ，to stay ，eating ，laying ，to prove 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1 重 温 真 题
2 考 点 精 析
3 考 点 集 训
考向1 作宾语或补足语单句语法填空1．(2019·全国I卷)Scientists have respnded by __________ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin(错觉) that ppulatins are higher than they actually are.解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填nting。
2．(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A 90－year－ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year” fr _________ (be) Britain's ldest full－time emplyee－still wrking 40 hurs a week.解析：考查非谓语动词。介词fr后跟动词时，应用其－ing形式作宾语。故填being。3．(2019·浙江卷)But sme students didn't want ___________ (wear) the unifrm.解析： 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want t d sth.想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填t wear。
4．(2018·浙江卷)I still remember ____________(visit) a friend wh'd lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn't cked nce in all that time.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember ding sth.，故填visiting。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f _________(die) early by running.解析：考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处f是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ___________ (stay)and watch.解析：考查非谓语动词。固定短语allw sb. t d允许某人做某事，应该用t stay。
7．(2017·全国Ⅰ)Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required ______________(prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins.解析：require sth./sb. t d sth.需要某物/某人做某事，此处用其被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式t prcess作主语补足语。
8．(2017·全国Ⅰ)Fast fd is full f fat and salt; by __________(eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析：表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。9．(2017·全国Ⅱ)This included digging up the rad, __________(lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver the tp.解析：included后的dig, lay, build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式作included的宾语。
10．(2017·全国Ⅲ)But Sarah, wh has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants ____________(prve) that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：want t d sth.想要做某事，动词不定式作want的宾语。11．(全国Ⅱ)In additin t their simple beauty, what makes the adbe dwellings admirable is their ability t “air cnditin” a huse withut _________(use) electric equipment.解析：介词withut之后的动词要用动名词形式。
考向2 作主语或表语单句语法填空1．(2019·全国III卷)On ur way t the huse，it was raining s hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take __________ (get)there.解析：考查不定式。句中的wuld提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wndering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填t get，作主语代替形式主语it。
2．(2019·天津卷)____________(learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.解析：考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。此处用动名词作主语，故填learning。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn't feel ______________(challenge)．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
challenged
4．(新课标全国Ⅰ)It tk years f wrk _____________(reduce) the industrial pllutin and clean the water.解析：句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为It takes/tk＋时间＋t d sth.。
考向3 作定语单句语法填空1．(2019·全国II卷)When we gt a call __________ (say)she was shrt－listed，we thught it was a jke.解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
2．(全国Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid－1980s, when I was the first Western TV reprter _____________(permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.解析：因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reprter之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。
3．(四川)Fr 25 days, she never left her baby, nt even t find smething __________(eat)!解析：不定式t eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词smething。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！
4．(全国Ⅰ)Abercrmbie & Kent, a travel cmpany in Hng Kng, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here fr peple __________(live) in Shanghai and Hng Kng.解析：句中已有谓语动词arranges，故应考虑此处填非谓语动词。由于live与其所修饰的名词peple之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式作定语。
5．(全国Ⅰ)A study f travelers _____________(cnduct) by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins in the wrld.解析：句意：TripAdvisr网站进行的一项对于旅行者的调查把阳朔列为世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句意和句子结构可知，study与cnduct构成逻辑上的被动关系，故此处应该使用过去分词作定语，修饰名词study。
考向4 作状语单句语法填空1．(2019·全国III卷)On the last day f ur week－lng stay，we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，_____________ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.解析：考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以本题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting lcals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
2．(2019·北京卷)Nervusly __________ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t myself the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
3．(2019·江苏卷) ____________ (enjy) the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故填不定式。4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Yu dn't have t run fast r fr lng __________(see)the benefit. 解析：考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填t see。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ______________(imprve) water quality. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词连接且谓语动词是encurages，故imprve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填t imprve。
6．(2017·浙江)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring ___________(ck) a meal.解析：Pahlssn当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式作目的状语。7．(全国Ⅲ)Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal _____________(create) special designs.解析：句中已有谓语cmbine，故此处应考虑填非谓语动词，cmbine varius hardwds and metal的目的是t create special designs，故填动词不定式作目的状语。
8．(全国Ⅲ)The Chinese have used chpsticks fr five thusand years. Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts, _________(use) twigs(树枝) t remve it.解析：第二句中已有谓语cked，且无其他连词，use与主句主语存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式作方式状语。
9．(2019·全国I卷)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid－1980s, and are expensive ______________ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. 解析：考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因等状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用t perfrm。
考向5 固定搭配单句语法填空1．(2017·全国Ⅲ)But unlike her schl friends, 16－year－ld Sarah is nt spending half－term ___________(rest)．解析：spend time(in) ding sth.为固定搭配。
2．(全国Ⅱ)If yu find smething yu lve ding utside f the ffice, yu'll be less likely ____________(bring) yur wrk hme.解析：固定表达be likely t d...很可能做某事。3．(全国Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are nw cld enugh ___________(cl) the huse during the ht day; at the same time, they warm up again fr the night.解析：“形容词＋enugh＋动词不定式”为常用句式。
►非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
►非谓语动词的核心考点1．非谓语动词作状语(1)不定式作状语①表示目的I stpped the car t take a shrt break as I was feeling tired. ②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加nly。Gerge returned after the war，nly t be tld that his wife had left him.
(2)现在分词作状语①一般式ding表示动作和谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。The sun began t rise in the sky，bathing the muntain in glden light. (主动关系)②完成式having dne表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子主语是主动关系。I gt t the ffice earlier that day, having caught the 7∶30 train frm Paddingtn.
③被动式having been dne表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。Having been asked t wrk vertime that evening, I missed a wnderful film. (被动意义，非谓语动词的动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)(3)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。Seen frm the tp f the muntain, the city is very beautiful.(被动关系)
2．非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词作定语现在分词主动形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行；现在分词被动形式(补语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。Laura was away in Paris fr ver a week. When she gt hme, there was a pile f mails waiting fr her.The building is being built nw is ur schl.
(2)不定式作定语不定式作定语表示未做的事情。His first bk t be published next mnth is based n a true stry.不定式作定语的特殊用法：①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance, right, curage, prmise, time, pprtunity, way, the first, the secnd, the last, the nly等。②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is n ne t lk after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is nw lking fr a rm t live in.(3)过去分词作定语过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。Yu cannt accept an pinin ffered t yu unless it is based n facts.His first bk published last mnth is based n a true stry.注意：表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的lk，expressin, tears, smile, vice等名词。
3．非谓语动词作宾语(1)动词affrd, prmise, refuse, expect, hpe, learn, ffer，wish，want，fail, plan，agree, frget, like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作宾语；动词cme，get，grw后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。David refused t accept my invitatin.She has a ht temper, but yu will grw t like her.注意：下列单词或短语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语：teach，decide, wnder, shw, learn，frget，ask，find ut, advise，discuss等。I dn't knw hw t deal with this kind f matter.
(2)①动词admit, appreciate, avid，cnsider(考虑), delay，dislike，enjy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist, suggest等后要接动名词作宾语。Bill suggested hlding a meeting n what t d fr the Exp during the vactatin.②动词短语can't stand, give up, feel like, keep n，insist n, lk frward t，put ff，，bject t，be busy (in)，get dwn t, have difficulty/truble (in)，have a gd/wnderful/hard time(in), have fun等后要接动名词作宾语。I had great difficulty(in) finding the suitable fd n the menu in that restaurant.
③介词后要接动名词作宾语，如what abut, hw abut, be fnd f, be gd at等的介词后接动名词。注意n/upn ding sth.＝as sn as引导的从句，作此意讲时n/upn后也可以接名词。On his arrival/On arriving at the statin, he fund the train had just started.注意：①表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语；表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式作宾语。I like listening t music, but tday I dn't like t.
②want，require，need表“需要”讲，后用不定式时，要用其被动形式；用动名词时，用其主动形式(表被动意义)。The patient required t be examined.The patient required examining.4．非谓语动词作主语(1)动名词作主语Hearing hw thers react t the bk yu have just read creates an added pleasure.It is n use crying ver spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)
(2)不定式作主语T see is t believe.＝Seeing is believing.It is imprtant t respect peple.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)5．非谓语动词作宾补(1)分词作补语的区别①现在分词作宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系；二是多是一些感官动词(短语)后，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。
可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，ntice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，listen t，lk at等。I lked up and nticed a snake winding its way up the tree t catch its breakfast.I wn't have yu speaking t yur dad like that.I heard an English sng being sung by a little girl when I passed by her rm yesterday.(被动，正在进行)
②过去分词作宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。Claire had her luggage checked an hur befre her plane left.I was surprised t find my hmetwn changed s much.
(2)不定式作补语①接带t的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise, allw, ask, cause, cmmand, encurage, expect, frbid, frce, get, invite, leave, like, mean, rder, permit, persuade, prefer, request, tell, want, warn, wish, call n, depend n/upn，lng fr, wait fr等。I didn't mean yu t hear it.We're all lnging fr the new term t begin.
②接不带t的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：make，have，let等使役动词以及see, watch, ntice, bserve, lk at, feel, hear, listen t 等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则t不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号t可以省略，也可以保留。Let thse in need understand that we will g all ut t help them.She was seen t enter the manager's ffice ten minutes ag.
(3)with＋宾语＋宾补The man felt very happy with s many children sitting arund him.Jhn received an invitatin t dinner, and with his wrk finished，he gladly accepted it.With a lt f difficult prblems t settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.
6．非谓语动词作表语(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容。The queen's wrk is laying eggs.(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。His ambitin is t g t Harvard University.注意：现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。
3．缺少前后主语一致意识(误)Befre handing in yur test paper，it is necessary t g ver the whle paper.(正)Befre handing in yur test paper，yu shuld g ver the whle paper.(正)Befre yu hand in yur test paper，yu shuld g ver the whle paper.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(鹰潭二模)Garl Hearn, a lcal fficial, said fficials had t take it dwn as they were wrried abut drivers ____________(stp) in frnt f sign in rder t take phtgraphs.解析：句意：一个当地官员卡尔·和恩说官员们不得不拿下它因为他们担心为了在告示牌前面照相停下的司机们。drivers与stp是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
2．(北京海淀区二模)Like great athletes r scientists, great teachers have the ability ______________(inspire) thers as well.解析：句意：就像伟大的运动员和科学家一样，伟大的老师也有激励他人的能力。the ability t d sth.“做某事的能力”。被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语，常见的该类名词有ability, chance, idea，hpe，wish，fact，excuse，pprtunity, attempt，way等。
3．(北京西城区二模)We are in cmplete agreement with the suggestins _____________(mentin) in yur letter.解析：句意：我们完全同意你在信中提出的建议。mentin与the suggestins是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。 in agreement with“同意”。
4．(山大附中三模)In 1960, Wilma Rudlph became the first American wman __________(win) three gld medals in ne Olympics.解析：句意：在1960年，威尔玛鲁道夫成为第一个在一届奥运会上获得三块金牌的美国女人。当名词被序数词修饰，且该名词与作定语的非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，需用不定式作后置定语。
5．(济南一模)Suddenly, I felt smene __________(mve) my luggage.I pened my eyes and lked up.解析：句意：突然，我觉得有人在动我的行李。我睁开眼睛抬起头来。feel sb.ding sth.“感觉某人正在做某事”。
6．(保定一模)Meilun is very lively, ften ___________(jump) nt the rf and hanging upside dwn frm a rail.解析：句意：美仑很活泼，经常跳到屋顶上从一个轨道上倒挂着。Meilun与jump是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。
7．(皖北二模)__________(see) ur returning t the car, Dad was eager t hear all abut what we'd seen.解析： 句意：看见我们回到车上，爸爸渴望听到所有我们所看到的事情。Dad与see是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。8．(唐山一模)It is plite ____________(ffer) the tea cup t guests with bth hands.解析： it is plite t d sth.“做某事是有礼貌的”，在该句式中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。
9．(深圳二模)Thugh ________(catch) in the rain unexpectedly, we still treasured the memry and will always recall the warmth and kindness f the Chinese cuple.解析：句意：尽管出乎意料地遭遇到大雨，我们仍然珍惜这段记忆并且永远会回忆起这对中国夫妇的温暖和善良。be caught in“遭遇……”，在句中作状语，应用过去分词形式。考生容易错误的将catch的过去式和过去分词写为catched，catched。练有小得：需熟记的几个短语be caught in(遭遇)；be buried in(专心；埋于)；be lst in(迷路；迷失)；be dressed in(穿着); be stuck in(困于；卡在); be hidden(藏身)；be addicted t(沉溺于)等短语，在句中作状语或补语用过去分词形式。
10．(金丽衢二模)But Jie Zitui declined the invitatin, ______________(prefer) t lead a quiet life with his mther in the muntains.解析：句意：但是介子推拒绝了邀请，他宁愿和母亲在山中过安静的生活。Jie与prefer是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。注意prefer的现在分词形式要双写最后一个字母r。
preferring
11．(泸州四模)The engineers say the new material culd prvide an alternative t air cnditiners, which are expensive __________(run)．解析：句意：工程师们说这种新型材料可替代空调，空调开起来太贵了。不定式和句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。练有小得：动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词后，构成“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d”结构。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, cmfrtable, heavy, gd, imprtant, impssible, dangerus等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。
12．The hall was dark when I came in; the shw was abut ____________(begin)．解析：句意：当我进去时，大厅里一片漆黑，演出马上就要开始了。结合句意判断此处考查固定搭配be abut t d sth.“马上/即将做某事”，故空格处填t begin。错解分析：考生极易忽视句意理解，误认为设空处于介词abut之后，而填动名词beginning作宾语，abut ding意为“关于做某事”。
13．(北京石景山一模)We are eager t see cncrete measures against smg _________(take) in the near future.解析：考查非谓语动词作宾补。 此处为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，measures与take之间为被动关系，故填taken。
14．(2019·浙江十校联盟)Wind lading is a term engineers use ______________ (measure)the effect f the wind n a tall building. 解析：目的状语。use sth t d sth.用某物来做某事。又根据句意“风荷载是工程师用来衡量风对高层建筑的影响的术语。”可知填t measure。
15．(2019·天津一中)All the students gt very excited at the news that the scientist, wh was reprted_______________(win)the Nbel Prize, was cming t their schl. 解析：sb. be reprted t d sth.＝it is reprted that sb. d sth.某人依据报道做某事，又根据句意“听到这位被报道获得诺贝尔奖的科学家即将来到他们学校的消息，所有的学生都感到非常兴奋。”可知获得诺贝尔奖已经发生了，故填t have wn。
Ⅱ.语法填空(非谓语动词专练)There is a wnderful stry abut a yung girl wh had n family and n ne 1.___________(lve) her.One day, 2.___________(feel) very sad and lnely, she was walking thrugh a grassland when she nticed a small butterfly 3.__________(catch) in a thrn bush. The yung girl carefully released the butterfly. Instead f 4.__________(fly) away, the little butterfly changed int a beautiful fairy.“In return fr yur wnderful kindness，” the gd fairy said t the girl, “I will give yu any wish that yu wuld like 5.__________(get)．” The little girl thught fr a mment and then replied, “I want t be happy.”
6.___________(lean) tward her, the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl 7.___________(grw) up, there was n ne in the land as happy as she. Everyne wanted t make themselves 8.________(tell) the secret f happiness by her. She wuld nly smile and answer, “The secret f my happiness is that I listened t a gd fairy when I was a little girl.”When she was dying, the neighbrs all gathered arund her, 9.___________(fear) that her unbelievable secret f happiness wuld die with her. S they begged her 10.___________(tell) them what the gd fairy said. The lvely ld wman simply smiled and said, “She tld me that everyne, n matter hw ld r yung, hw rich r pr, had need f me.”
Ⅲ.增分写作训练非谓语动词在写作中的运用可以让阅卷老师眼前一亮。请利用非谓语动词升级以下句式1．The Mid－Autumn Festival is appraching. I'd like t invite yu t celebrate it with my family.(利用with复合结构升级)With the Mid－Autumn Festival appraching, I'd like t invite yu t celebrate it with my family.
2．When we saw the bikes in rws n the pavement, we really felt excited.(利用分词作状语升级)Seeing the bikes in rws n the pavement, we really felt excited.3．The family name is shared by billins f Chinese, and has the same prnunciatin as yurs.(利用分词作定语升级)The family name shared by billins f Chinese has the same prnunciatin as yurs.
1 重 温 真 题
2 考 点 精 析
3 考 点 集 训
考向1 作宾语或补足语单句语法填空1．(2019·全国I卷)Scientists have respnded by __________ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin(错觉) that ppulatins are higher than they actually are.解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填nting。
2．(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A 90－year－ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year” fr _________ (be) Britain's ldest full－time emplyee－still wrking 40 hurs a week.解析：考查非谓语动词。介词fr后跟动词时，应用其－ing形式作宾语。故填being。3．(2019·浙江卷)But sme students didn't want ___________ (wear) the unifrm.解析： 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want t d sth.想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填t wear。
4．(2018·浙江卷)I still remember ____________(visit) a friend wh'd lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn't cked nce in all that time.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember ding sth.，故填visiting。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f _________(die) early by running.解析：考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处f是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ___________ (stay)and watch.解析：考查非谓语动词。固定短语allw sb. t d允许某人做某事，应该用t stay。
7．(2017·全国Ⅰ)Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required ______________(prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins.解析：require sth./sb. t d sth.需要某物/某人做某事，此处用其被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式t prcess作主语补足语。
8．(2017·全国Ⅰ)Fast fd is full f fat and salt; by __________(eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析：表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。9．(2017·全国Ⅱ)This included digging up the rad, __________(lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver the tp.解析：included后的dig, lay, build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式作included的宾语。
10．(2017·全国Ⅲ)But Sarah, wh has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants ____________(prve) that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：want t d sth.想要做某事，动词不定式作want的宾语。11．(全国Ⅱ)In additin t their simple beauty, what makes the adbe dwellings admirable is their ability t “air cnditin” a huse withut _________(use) electric equipment.解析：介词withut之后的动词要用动名词形式。
考向2 作主语或表语单句语法填空1．(2019·全国III卷)On ur way t the huse，it was raining s hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take __________ (get)there.解析：考查不定式。句中的wuld提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wndering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填t get，作主语代替形式主语it。
2．(2019·天津卷)____________(learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.解析：考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。此处用动名词作主语，故填learning。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn't feel ______________(challenge)．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
challenged
4．(新课标全国Ⅰ)It tk years f wrk _____________(reduce) the industrial pllutin and clean the water.解析：句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为It takes/tk＋时间＋t d sth.。
考向3 作定语单句语法填空1．(2019·全国II卷)When we gt a call __________ (say)she was shrt－listed，we thught it was a jke.解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
2．(全国Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid－1980s, when I was the first Western TV reprter _____________(permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.解析：因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reprter之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。
3．(四川)Fr 25 days, she never left her baby, nt even t find smething __________(eat)!解析：不定式t eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词smething。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！
4．(全国Ⅰ)Abercrmbie & Kent, a travel cmpany in Hng Kng, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here fr peple __________(live) in Shanghai and Hng Kng.解析：句中已有谓语动词arranges，故应考虑此处填非谓语动词。由于live与其所修饰的名词peple之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式作定语。
5．(全国Ⅰ)A study f travelers _____________(cnduct) by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins in the wrld.解析：句意：TripAdvisr网站进行的一项对于旅行者的调查把阳朔列为世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句意和句子结构可知，study与cnduct构成逻辑上的被动关系，故此处应该使用过去分词作定语，修饰名词study。
考向4 作状语单句语法填空1．(2019·全国III卷)On the last day f ur week－lng stay，we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，_____________ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.解析：考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以本题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting lcals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
2．(2019·北京卷)Nervusly __________ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t myself the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
3．(2019·江苏卷) ____________ (enjy) the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故填不定式。4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Yu dn't have t run fast r fr lng __________(see)the benefit. 解析：考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填t see。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ______________(imprve) water quality. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词连接且谓语动词是encurages，故imprve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填t imprve。
6．(2017·浙江)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring ___________(ck) a meal.解析：Pahlssn当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式作目的状语。7．(全国Ⅲ)Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal _____________(create) special designs.解析：句中已有谓语cmbine，故此处应考虑填非谓语动词，cmbine varius hardwds and metal的目的是t create special designs，故填动词不定式作目的状语。
8．(全国Ⅲ)The Chinese have used chpsticks fr five thusand years. Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts, _________(use) twigs(树枝) t remve it.解析：第二句中已有谓语cked，且无其他连词，use与主句主语存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式作方式状语。
9．(2019·全国I卷)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid－1980s, and are expensive ______________ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. 解析：考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因等状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用t perfrm。
考向5 固定搭配单句语法填空1．(2017·全国Ⅲ)But unlike her schl friends, 16－year－ld Sarah is nt spending half－term ___________(rest)．解析：spend time(in) ding sth.为固定搭配。
2．(全国Ⅱ)If yu find smething yu lve ding utside f the ffice, yu'll be less likely ____________(bring) yur wrk hme.解析：固定表达be likely t d...很可能做某事。3．(全国Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are nw cld enugh ___________(cl) the huse during the ht day; at the same time, they warm up again fr the night.解析：“形容词＋enugh＋动词不定式”为常用句式。
►非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
►非谓语动词的核心考点1．非谓语动词作状语(1)不定式作状语①表示目的I stpped the car t take a shrt break as I was feeling tired. ②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加nly。Gerge returned after the war，nly t be tld that his wife had left him.
(2)现在分词作状语①一般式ding表示动作和谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。The sun began t rise in the sky，bathing the muntain in glden light. (主动关系)②完成式having dne表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子主语是主动关系。I gt t the ffice earlier that day, having caught the 7∶30 train frm Paddingtn.
③被动式having been dne表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。Having been asked t wrk vertime that evening, I missed a wnderful film. (被动意义，非谓语动词的动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)(3)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。Seen frm the tp f the muntain, the city is very beautiful.(被动关系)
2．非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词作定语现在分词主动形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行；现在分词被动形式(补语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。Laura was away in Paris fr ver a week. When she gt hme, there was a pile f mails waiting fr her.The building is being built nw is ur schl.
(2)不定式作定语不定式作定语表示未做的事情。His first bk t be published next mnth is based n a true stry.不定式作定语的特殊用法：①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance, right, curage, prmise, time, pprtunity, way, the first, the secnd, the last, the nly等。②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is n ne t lk after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is nw lking fr a rm t live in.(3)过去分词作定语过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。Yu cannt accept an pinin ffered t yu unless it is based n facts.His first bk published last mnth is based n a true stry.注意：表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的lk，expressin, tears, smile, vice等名词。
3．非谓语动词作宾语(1)动词affrd, prmise, refuse, expect, hpe, learn, ffer，wish，want，fail, plan，agree, frget, like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作宾语；动词cme，get，grw后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。David refused t accept my invitatin.She has a ht temper, but yu will grw t like her.注意：下列单词或短语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语：teach，decide, wnder, shw, learn，frget，ask，find ut, advise，discuss等。I dn't knw hw t deal with this kind f matter.
(2)①动词admit, appreciate, avid，cnsider(考虑), delay，dislike，enjy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist, suggest等后要接动名词作宾语。Bill suggested hlding a meeting n what t d fr the Exp during the vactatin.②动词短语can't stand, give up, feel like, keep n，insist n, lk frward t，put ff，，bject t，be busy (in)，get dwn t, have difficulty/truble (in)，have a gd/wnderful/hard time(in), have fun等后要接动名词作宾语。I had great difficulty(in) finding the suitable fd n the menu in that restaurant.
③介词后要接动名词作宾语，如what abut, hw abut, be fnd f, be gd at等的介词后接动名词。注意n/upn ding sth.＝as sn as引导的从句，作此意讲时n/upn后也可以接名词。On his arrival/On arriving at the statin, he fund the train had just started.注意：①表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语；表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式作宾语。I like listening t music, but tday I dn't like t.
②want，require，need表“需要”讲，后用不定式时，要用其被动形式；用动名词时，用其主动形式(表被动意义)。The patient required t be examined.The patient required examining.4．非谓语动词作主语(1)动名词作主语Hearing hw thers react t the bk yu have just read creates an added pleasure.It is n use crying ver spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)
(2)不定式作主语T see is t believe.＝Seeing is believing.It is imprtant t respect peple.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)5．非谓语动词作宾补(1)分词作补语的区别①现在分词作宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系；二是多是一些感官动词(短语)后，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。
可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，ntice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，listen t，lk at等。I lked up and nticed a snake winding its way up the tree t catch its breakfast.I wn't have yu speaking t yur dad like that.I heard an English sng being sung by a little girl when I passed by her rm yesterday.(被动，正在进行)
②过去分词作宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。Claire had her luggage checked an hur befre her plane left.I was surprised t find my hmetwn changed s much.
(2)不定式作补语①接带t的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise, allw, ask, cause, cmmand, encurage, expect, frbid, frce, get, invite, leave, like, mean, rder, permit, persuade, prefer, request, tell, want, warn, wish, call n, depend n/upn，lng fr, wait fr等。I didn't mean yu t hear it.We're all lnging fr the new term t begin.
②接不带t的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：make，have，let等使役动词以及see, watch, ntice, bserve, lk at, feel, hear, listen t 等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则t不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号t可以省略，也可以保留。Let thse in need understand that we will g all ut t help them.She was seen t enter the manager's ffice ten minutes ag.
(3)with＋宾语＋宾补The man felt very happy with s many children sitting arund him.Jhn received an invitatin t dinner, and with his wrk finished，he gladly accepted it.With a lt f difficult prblems t settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.
6．非谓语动词作表语(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容。The queen's wrk is laying eggs.(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。His ambitin is t g t Harvard University.注意：现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。
3．缺少前后主语一致意识(误)Befre handing in yur test paper，it is necessary t g ver the whle paper.(正)Befre handing in yur test paper，yu shuld g ver the whle paper.(正)Befre yu hand in yur test paper，yu shuld g ver the whle paper.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(鹰潭二模)Garl Hearn, a lcal fficial, said fficials had t take it dwn as they were wrried abut drivers ____________(stp) in frnt f sign in rder t take phtgraphs.解析：句意：一个当地官员卡尔·和恩说官员们不得不拿下它因为他们担心为了在告示牌前面照相停下的司机们。drivers与stp是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
2．(北京海淀区二模)Like great athletes r scientists, great teachers have the ability ______________(inspire) thers as well.解析：句意：就像伟大的运动员和科学家一样，伟大的老师也有激励他人的能力。the ability t d sth.“做某事的能力”。被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语，常见的该类名词有ability, chance, idea，hpe，wish，fact，excuse，pprtunity, attempt，way等。
3．(北京西城区二模)We are in cmplete agreement with the suggestins _____________(mentin) in yur letter.解析：句意：我们完全同意你在信中提出的建议。mentin与the suggestins是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。 in agreement with“同意”。
4．(山大附中三模)In 1960, Wilma Rudlph became the first American wman __________(win) three gld medals in ne Olympics.解析：句意：在1960年，威尔玛鲁道夫成为第一个在一届奥运会上获得三块金牌的美国女人。当名词被序数词修饰，且该名词与作定语的非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，需用不定式作后置定语。
5．(济南一模)Suddenly, I felt smene __________(mve) my luggage.I pened my eyes and lked up.解析：句意：突然，我觉得有人在动我的行李。我睁开眼睛抬起头来。feel sb.ding sth.“感觉某人正在做某事”。
6．(保定一模)Meilun is very lively, ften ___________(jump) nt the rf and hanging upside dwn frm a rail.解析：句意：美仑很活泼，经常跳到屋顶上从一个轨道上倒挂着。Meilun与jump是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。
7．(皖北二模)__________(see) ur returning t the car, Dad was eager t hear all abut what we'd seen.解析： 句意：看见我们回到车上，爸爸渴望听到所有我们所看到的事情。Dad与see是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。8．(唐山一模)It is plite ____________(ffer) the tea cup t guests with bth hands.解析： it is plite t d sth.“做某事是有礼貌的”，在该句式中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。
9．(深圳二模)Thugh ________(catch) in the rain unexpectedly, we still treasured the memry and will always recall the warmth and kindness f the Chinese cuple.解析：句意：尽管出乎意料地遭遇到大雨，我们仍然珍惜这段记忆并且永远会回忆起这对中国夫妇的温暖和善良。be caught in“遭遇……”，在句中作状语，应用过去分词形式。考生容易错误的将catch的过去式和过去分词写为catched，catched。练有小得：需熟记的几个短语be caught in(遭遇)；be buried in(专心；埋于)；be lst in(迷路；迷失)；be dressed in(穿着); be stuck in(困于；卡在); be hidden(藏身)；be addicted t(沉溺于)等短语，在句中作状语或补语用过去分词形式。
10．(金丽衢二模)But Jie Zitui declined the invitatin, ______________(prefer) t lead a quiet life with his mther in the muntains.解析：句意：但是介子推拒绝了邀请，他宁愿和母亲在山中过安静的生活。Jie与prefer是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。注意prefer的现在分词形式要双写最后一个字母r。
preferring
11．(泸州四模)The engineers say the new material culd prvide an alternative t air cnditiners, which are expensive __________(run)．解析：句意：工程师们说这种新型材料可替代空调，空调开起来太贵了。不定式和句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。练有小得：动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词后，构成“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d”结构。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, cmfrtable, heavy, gd, imprtant, impssible, dangerus等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。
12．The hall was dark when I came in; the shw was abut ____________(begin)．解析：句意：当我进去时，大厅里一片漆黑，演出马上就要开始了。结合句意判断此处考查固定搭配be abut t d sth.“马上/即将做某事”，故空格处填t begin。错解分析：考生极易忽视句意理解，误认为设空处于介词abut之后，而填动名词beginning作宾语，abut ding意为“关于做某事”。
13．(北京石景山一模)We are eager t see cncrete measures against smg _________(take) in the near future.解析：考查非谓语动词作宾补。 此处为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，measures与take之间为被动关系，故填taken。
14．(2019·浙江十校联盟)Wind lading is a term engineers use ______________ (measure)the effect f the wind n a tall building. 解析：目的状语。use sth t d sth.用某物来做某事。又根据句意“风荷载是工程师用来衡量风对高层建筑的影响的术语。”可知填t measure。
15．(2019·天津一中)All the students gt very excited at the news that the scientist, wh was reprted_______________(win)the Nbel Prize, was cming t their schl. 解析：sb. be reprted t d sth.＝it is reprted that sb. d sth.某人依据报道做某事，又根据句意“听到这位被报道获得诺贝尔奖的科学家即将来到他们学校的消息，所有的学生都感到非常兴奋。”可知获得诺贝尔奖已经发生了，故填t have wn。
Ⅱ.语法填空(非谓语动词专练)There is a wnderful stry abut a yung girl wh had n family and n ne 1.___________(lve) her.One day, 2.___________(feel) very sad and lnely, she was walking thrugh a grassland when she nticed a small butterfly 3.__________(catch) in a thrn bush. The yung girl carefully released the butterfly. Instead f 4.__________(fly) away, the little butterfly changed int a beautiful fairy.“In return fr yur wnderful kindness，” the gd fairy said t the girl, “I will give yu any wish that yu wuld like 5.__________(get)．” The little girl thught fr a mment and then replied, “I want t be happy.”
6.___________(lean) tward her, the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl 7.___________(grw) up, there was n ne in the land as happy as she. Everyne wanted t make themselves 8.________(tell) the secret f happiness by her. She wuld nly smile and answer, “The secret f my happiness is that I listened t a gd fairy when I was a little girl.”When she was dying, the neighbrs all gathered arund her, 9.___________(fear) that her unbelievable secret f happiness wuld die with her. S they begged her 10.___________(tell) them what the gd fairy said. The lvely ld wman simply smiled and said, “She tld me that everyne, n matter hw ld r yung, hw rich r pr, had need f me.”
Ⅲ.增分写作训练非谓语动词在写作中的运用可以让阅卷老师眼前一亮。请利用非谓语动词升级以下句式1．The Mid－Autumn Festival is appraching. I'd like t invite yu t celebrate it with my family.(利用with复合结构升级)With the Mid－Autumn Festival appraching, I'd like t invite yu t celebrate it with my family.
2．When we saw the bikes in rws n the pavement, we really felt excited.(利用分词作状语升级)Seeing the bikes in rws n the pavement, we really felt excited.3．The family name is shared by billins f Chinese, and has the same prnunciatin as yurs.(利用分词作定语升级)The family name shared by billins f Chinese has the same prnunciatin as yurs.
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