高中英语高考第2部分 语法专题 专题一 第1讲　谓语动词课件PPT

专题一　复杂多变的动词第1讲　谓语动词考点分类突破考点分层演练语法链接写作考点分类突 破考点一　动词的时态考点二　动词的语态考点三　主谓一致考点四　情态动词考点五　虚拟语气微小说导入　　At first，Jack wasn’t fond of studying and was addicted to computer games.Every time his mother went① to his room，she found that he was playing② computer games.His father had condemned③ him many times before he went to middle school，so he promised that he would study④ hard and quit computer games.　　It is amazing that Jack has changed⑤ a lot in the past three years.Whenever asked about Jack’s performance at school，his mother always answers⑥ proudly，“He has been making⑦ progress.”He is making⑧ preparations for the college entrance exams.考点一　动词的时态　　There is no doubt that Jack will be admitted to⑨ a good college if he keeps working hard like this.Maybe in the near future he will be studying⑩ in a key university.注释：①是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用过去式形式。②是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。③是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。④是过去将来时，结构为：would＋动词原形。⑤是现在完成时，结构为：have/has＋过去分词。⑥是一般现在时，结构为：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。⑦是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/has been＋现在分词。⑧是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。⑩是将来进行时，结构为：will＋be＋现在分词。一、词形变化　　在时态的变化中，动词的形式需要发生相应的变化。动词形式不正确已经成为英语写作中重要的扣分因素。因此，要注意在不同时态中的词形变化。重难点精析二、核心考点　　高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的有10种。1.一般现在时(1)常常表示人的习惯或经常性发生的动作。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day等。I usually do my homework in the evening every day.我通常每天晚上做作业。(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。(3)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。2.一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last year，three years ago，the other day等时间状语连用。He arrived at school at 9∶00 am yesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校。(2)根据上下文或主从句提示。I didn’t pass the exam，which made my parents very angry.我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。3.一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用will/shall＋动词原形或者is/am/are going to do，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next week等连用。It is said that he will retire next month.据说他将于下个月卸任。单句语法填空1.The curtains are about to open，and in a few minutes the action and dialogue (tell) you the story.2.While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.3.We (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky but did the job.(2021·全国甲)点对点练习1will tellishired4.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He is playing basketball on the playground.他正在操场上打篮球。(2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。John as well as his sister is setting off for Tokyo tomorrow morning.约翰和姐姐明天早上要动身去东京。(3)与always，often，constantly等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。感情色彩可褒可贬。The girl is always talking aloud in public.这个女孩总是在公共场合大声说话。5.过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。Mrs Green was preparing lunch at eleven this morning.格林太太今天上午11点正准备午餐。(2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。The teacher came in while the boy was reading a novel.那个男孩正在读小说时老师进来了。 6.将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。Don’t phone me between 5 and 6.We’ll be having dinner then.五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。单句语法填空1.She (play) with the cellphone when her boss walked into the office.2.Next Friday I will go to another concert.They (play) something by Mozart at that time.3.—Hi，let’s go skating.—Sorry，I’m busy right now.I (fill) in an application form for a new job.点对点练习2was playingwill be playingam filling7.现在完成时(1)表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。—I’m sorry，but I don’t quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?—Sorry，I haven’t made myself clear.We want to return on October 20.——对不起，我没完全明白你的话。你是说你们打算9月20号回来吗？——对不起，我没有表达清楚。我们打算10月20号回来。(2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。(3)考查现在完成时，往往有较为明显的时间状语。如already，just，yet，since，for＋时间段，up to now，until now，ever since，so far，recently，lately，in the past/last few years等。I have learned more than two hundred English words in the past three hours.在过去的3小时里我已经学了200多个英语单词了。 (4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。It has been＋一段时间＋since从句This/That/It is the first/second...time that＋现在完成时This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时This is the first time that I have made a speech.这是我第一次做演讲。It is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。8.过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。常见的时间状语有by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since，后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。I had put away my cellphone before my father came back.在我爸爸回来之前我已经把我的手机收起来了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...等表示“一……就……”的句式中，主句常用过去完成时。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。No sooner had they rushed out of the house than it burnt down.他们刚从房子里冲出来房子就烧塌了。(3)动词hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had hoped to go home from work ahead of time.我本希望提前下班回家。(但未能如愿)单句语法填空1.Before getting into the car，I thought I (learn) the instructor’s orders，but once I started the car，my mind went blank.I forgot what he (say) to me altogether.2.Being raised in a family of teachers，I (get) plenty of chances to connect myself with literature since a young age.3.I (expect) to get the first prize in the contest but the result made me disappointed.点对点练习3had learnedhad saidhad expectedhave got9.过去将来时(1)表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。She said she would retire the next year.她说她明年就退休了。I wondered what my son would say the next moment.我想知道儿子紧接着会说什么。(2)三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构： was/were going to＋动词原形；was/were to＋动词原形；was/were about to＋动词原形。He told me he was to get married the next week.他告诉我他下周结婚。She was about to say something more，and then checked herself.她还想说几句，接着又克制住了自己。10.现在完成进行时(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.这些年来，他们一直向我们杂志投稿。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.最近我们常常见面。单句语法填空1.—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere.—He went to the library after breakfast and (write) his essay there ever since.2.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he (be) a famous scientist whose theories (change) the world.点对点练习4has been writingwould bewould change返 回微小说导入Xiao Ming’s Cellphone　　　Xiao Ming’s cellphone was broken①.I couldn’t get through to him while the cellphone was being repaired②.I wanted to inform him that he had been admitted③ by the basketball club.　　Cellphones are widely used④ nowadays.It seems that they are being used⑤ so frequently that people have been controlled⑥ by them.Someone thinks that cellphones should be restricted⑦ on some occasions.微小说导入考点二　动词的语态　　Xiao Ming’s cellphone will be repaired⑧ well soon.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphone will have been brought⑨ home and will be being used⑩ again.注释：①是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。②是过去进行时的被动语态，结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。③是过去完成时的被动语态，结构为：had been＋过去分词。④是一般现在时的被动语态，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。⑤是现在进行时的被动语态，结构为：is/am/are＋being＋过去分词。⑥是现在完成时的被动语态，结构为：have/has been＋过去分词。⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。⑧是一般将来时的被动语态，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。⑨是将来完成时的被动语态，结构为：will＋have been＋过去分词。⑩是将来进行时的被动语态，结构为：will＋be being＋过去分词。1.不及物动词及动词短语没有被动语态，如happen，occur，take place，break out，spread等。An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed.昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。A big fire broke out in the area last week.上周那个地区发生了一场大火。重难点精析2.被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介/副词。如：Trees should not be planted in summer.夏天不应该种树。The man was made fun of by his partner.这个人被他的伙伴取笑了。3.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，构成“It be＋done...”形式。如：It is/was said/reported that...据说/据报道……It is/was well known that...众所周知……It must be pointed out that...必须指出……It must be admitted that...人们必须承认……It is/was generally considered/supposed/hoped/believed that...人们普遍认为/希望/相信……It is generally considered that the key to learning a foreign language well is nothing but practice.人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.据报告，近两日气温将明显下降。4.下面的主动形式常表示被动意义。如：(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junk food tastes delicious but it doesn’t contain enough nutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。Your idea sounds wonderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。(2)want/need/require/be worth doingThe window wants/needs/requires repairing.这扇窗户需要修理。The movie is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。(3)wash/sell/write/read/clean＋adv.(well，easily，smoothly)Her new book was very interesting and sold well.她的新书很有趣并且卖得很好。Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易清洗。单句语法填空1.Mary’s niece wrote，“The little home (paint) white.”(2021·浙江6月)2.My washing machine (repair) this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.3.Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，___________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.4.If you leave the club，you (not，allow) back in.点对点练习was paintedis being repairedis regardedwon’t be allowed单句语法填空1.You can’t help wondering how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)2.It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac，but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield，Illinois，_________________(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.(2021·浙江6月)对接高考　技法指导解题策略washas proven/proved3.Currently，about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre，and it would take a lifetime to see everything.(2021·天津3月)4.I (walk) across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.(2015·湖南)are being displayedwas walking1.掌握独特的时间状语标志(1)题干中如有always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般现在时。(2)题干中如有yesterday，last night，a few days ago，the other day，then等，用一般过去时。(3)题干中如有tomorrow，next year，in a week等，用一般将来时。(4)题干中如有now，at present，currently等，用现在进行时。(5)题干中如有at that time，at six o’clock yesterday等，用过去进行时。技法指导(6)题干中如有at this time tomorrow，from 1 o’clock to 3 o’clock tomorrow等，用将来进行时。(7)题干中如有since，so far，up to now，in/over/during the last year/past few years等，用现在完成时。2.熟记固定句型中的时态(1)be doing...when...，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。续上页(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。3.分清主动被动，辨析语态看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到用被动语态。续上页返 回考点三　主谓一致微小说导入1.语法一致原则　　I live① in Beijing，while my girlfriend lives① in Shanghai，and we haven’t① seen each other for a long time.To see her every day is② my dream.What I want to do is③ give up my present job and work in her city.However，all my relatives except my uncle object to④ my idea.Someone tells⑤ me that it is not worthwhile to give up my job，which brings⑥ me 10,000 yuan every month.Many a person thinks⑦ it not wise to leave the city I am living in.注释：该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式则谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式则谓语动词用复数形式：①根据主语的人称和数，来确定谓语动词的单复数。②主语是不定式或动名词短语，谓语动词用单数。③主语是从句，谓语动词一般用单数。④主语后面跟有with，together with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等短语时，谓语动词跟这些短语前面的主语一致。⑤主语为someone，anyone，everyone等不定代词时，谓语动词往往用单数。⑥定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。⑦“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语前有each，every，no修饰时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。2.意义一致原则　　I have been on a diet for four months.Four months is① not a short time.Though a large number of people don’t② understand me，the majority of people around me support③ me.The old consider④ it unwise to go on a diet，but the young admire④ me.At first my family were⑤ worried about me，but now they think I can choose to do this as long as it doesn’t harm my health.注释：①表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。②“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。③the majority of，the rest of，分数/百分数＋of＋名词，要根据名词的数或者是否可数来确定谓语动词的数。④“the＋adj.”往往表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。⑤family，group，team，class，government等集体名词，当表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。3.就近一致原则　　There are① many girls having a taste for sweet food，but neither my sister nor I am② interested in candies.注释：①在there be，here be结构中，若有几个并列成分作主语，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词的单复数要与离它最近的主语保持一致。②or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词的单复数要与离它最近的主语保持一致。1.用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事物，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两个物体)注意：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。重难点精析2.若主语中有more than one 或many a/an，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more＋复数名词＋than one作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数。如：More than one student was late.不止一个学生迟到。More persons than one come to help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。3.“形复意单”名词如：news；以-ics 结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，economics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如：Arabian Nights(《天方夜谭》)；以及the United Nations(联合国)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。单句语法填空1.The teacher and poet often (give) lectures around the city.2.I think Tom，rather than you (be) to blame for the incident；that is to say，you are innocent.3.Nobody but Jim and Mike (be) on the playground now.4.As far as I know，his family not very large but the family all music lovers.(be)点对点练习givesisisisare5.The poor (be) looked down upon in the old days.6.Neither his parents nor I (be) able to persuade him to change his mind.7.Listening to loud music and rock concerts (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers so far.8.Barbara is easy to recognize as she is the only one of the women who (wear) evening dress.wereamhas causedwears单句语法填空1.The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).(2021·全国甲)2.Going to Mount Huangshan (remind) me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)对接高考　技法指导解题策略was builtreminds3.It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared，and a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.(2021·浙江1月)4.Often，only a small part of a museum’s collection (be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)is consideredis1.找准句子中的主语，看主语是单数还是复数。2.牢记特殊用法的结构，用对谓语动词的数。3.注意结合时态和语态。技法指导返 回考点四　情态动词微剧情导入1.can/couldMary—M　 Nancy—NM：Can① you pronounce this word?N：Sorry，I can’t①.M：Can/Could② I use your dictionary?N：Of course you can③，but wait a minute.Where is my dictionary?M：Can④ it be in your dormitory?N：No，it can’t④ be.I never study in my dormitory.M：Could you have lent⑤ it to your deskmate?N：No，my deskmate couldn’t have borrowed⑤ a dictionary because he hates English.It might be in Jane’s desk，but I can’t⑥ touch her books without permission.M：An organized person can⑦ forget things.注释：can/could的意义及用法①can表能力，意为“能够”。②can表请求，could 表示委婉语气。③can表许可。④can/can’t表推测，意为“可能/不可能”，常用于疑问句或否定句。⑤could sb. have done...？意为“某人做过某事吗？”，couldn’t have done意为“不可能做过某事”，表示对过去的推测，用于疑问句或否定句。⑥can’t 表示客观条件不允许。⑦can表示客观上存在这种可能性但不一定发生。2.may/mightMike—M　Teacher—TM：May/Might① I come in?T：Yes，you may②.You’re almost late，and where is your deskmate?M：Hmm，I don’t know.He may/might③ be on the way to school.T：He might③ be；that is，he might not③ be on his way to school.Mike，you may as well④ tell me the truth.Why hasn’t he come yet?M：He might have stayed⑤ up late last night，and he might not have set⑤ the alarm clock.注释：may/might的意义及用法①表示请求。②表示许可，不用might。③表示对现在的猜测，might表示语气更不肯定。④may as well“还是……好”。⑤might have done表示对过去的猜测，意为“可能做了某事”。might not have done意为“可能没做某事”，常用于疑问句或否定句。3.mustJane—J　Mother—MJ：Mom，must① I take this medicine?M：Yes，you must①.J：Must① I take it right now?M：No，you needn’t②.You can take it later.J：But it must be③ bitter.M：I’ve told you to wear your coat，but you must④ wear your T-shirt.Besides，you must have played⑤outdoors.You mustn’t⑥ do it again.注释：must的意义及用法①must表必须，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn’t。③must be表示对现在的推测，只用于肯定句。④must表示“非要，偏偏”。⑤must have done表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。⑥mustn’t表示禁止，不表示推测。4.shouldBoss—B　Jane—J　Steven—SB：It’s nine now and everyone should① be here.Where is Steven? He should have arrived② ten minutes ago.J：Really strange，I can’t imagine Mr Punctual should③ be late for work.B：Here he comes.Why are you late，Steven?S：I’m terribly sorry，sir.I shouldn’t have drunk② too much coffee last night.I kept my eyes open until four o’clock in the morning.B：A person like you shouldn’t drink④ too much coffee，tea either.S：Yes，I ought to be punctual as usual.注释：should的意义及用法①表示推测，意为“按理说应当”。②should have done 意为“本应做而没做”，shouldn’t have done表示“本不应做却做了”，含有虚拟的意味。③表示“竟然”。④should (not) do sth. ＝ought (not) to do sth. (不)应该做某事。5.shallMan—M　Woman—WM：Hi，where are you going?W：I shall① go to New York.M：Me too！Oh，your suitcase is heavy.Shall② I carry it for you，Miss？(carrying the suitcase to the woman’s seat and sitting beside the woman)W：Thank you for helping me，but it’s required that everyone shall③ sit on his own seat.M：It doesn’t matter.W：Stay away from me，or I will call the police.You shall④ be sorry for what you do.Sir，I need your help.(waving to a policeman)注释：shall的意义及用法①用于第一人称，表示将要做某事。②用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示请求。③用于第三人称肯定句，表示按照正式的规定要做的事。④用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。6.need/dareMike—M　Jack—JM：Do you dare to take① your cellphone to the examination room?J：No，I dare not do② that；I needn’t do③ that，either.M：You study well，so you don’t need to cheat④.I am different.J：Stop thinking about cheating，and you can’t get away with it.You need to⑤ study hard.No pains，no gains.注释：need/dare的意义及用法•dare和need用作情态动词时，没有人称和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句。疑问句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加not，如用法②和③。•dare和need用作实义动词时，有人称和时态的变化，常用于肯定句中。如果用于疑问句和否定句，需要加助动词do/does，且其后要加(to) do，如用法①④⑤。•其用法简单总结为：有助有to，无助无to。7.will/wouldTom—T　Mary—MM：How about the new watch?T：I will① never use it any more.It just won’t② give the correct time.M：Hush！Grandma is sleeping.She will③ have a nap at this time these days.T：At nine o’clock in the morning？She would/used to④ have a nap in the afternoon.M：The phone is ringing，but I am busy with my work.T：Okay，I will⑤ answer it.注释：will/would 的意义及用法①表示意愿。②表示事物的属性。③表示人现在的习惯，意为“常常做某事”。④would/used to表示过去的习惯。⑤表示意愿，意志。1.用于固定习语中：can’t/can never...too/enough (无论……也不过分；越……越好)You can’t be too careful when crossing a busy street.＝You can’t be careful enough when crossing a busy street.你横穿繁忙的街道的时候，再怎么小心都不为过/越小心越好。重难点精析2.情态动词＋have done用适当的情态动词填空(必要时加not)1.—I don’t really like James.Why did you invite him?—Don’t worry.He come.He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.2.I thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.3.He be our manager.Our manager has gone to Beijing.might not点对点练习can’tcan’t4.You have done better，but you didn’t try your best.5.I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning.She have spoken at the meeting.6.Everyone present will not believe such a gentleman do that.7.You play with the knife，or you may hurt yourself.8.You be punished for what you have done.9.It have rained last night，for the road is quite muddy.10.I have taken the umbrella，for the weather is fine.couldcouldn’tshouldmustn’tshallmustneedn’t返 回考点五　虚拟语气微剧情导入1.wish/would rather/as if/if onlyMr Zhang—Z　Mr Wang—W(Beside the river，Mr Zhang and Mr Wang are quivering as if they were① in cold winter.)Z：I wish I had① something hot to drink.W：I would rather I hadn’t invited② you to go out.Z：How big a fish! If only I had caught② it.W：If only you hadn’t fallen② into the river！If only we had① dry clothes now! Now I wish your wife wouldn’t blame③ this on me.注释：as if好像，wish希望，would rather宁可，if only要是……就好了，这四个词语后的从句往往用虚拟语气。①对现在的虚拟，从句谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)。②对过去的虚拟，从句谓语用had＋过去分词。③对将来的虚拟，从句谓语用would/could/might/should＋动词原形。2.条件状语从句中的虚拟语气Mr Zhang—Z　Wife—W(in the hospital)Z：What fine weather! If I were not ill，I would go fishing.①W：If you hadn’t gone fishing yesterday，you wouldn’t have caught a cold.②Z：I would have stayed at home，but Mr Wang invited me to go.③ He told me to hurry，otherwise I wouldn’t have forgotten to wear warm coats.④W：Is it all Mr Wang’s fault? But for/Without Mr Wang，you would have been drowned.⑤Z：Had it not been for the big fish，I wouldn’t have fallen into the river.⑥ I’d catch it if I should recover tomorrow.⑦注释：•①②⑦为if条件句中的虚拟语气，有以下三种情况：对现在的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/were...，主语＋would/could/should/might do...对过去的虚拟：If＋主语＋had done...，主语＋would/could/should/might have done...对将来的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/should/were to do...，主语＋would/could/should/might do...•⑥为if虚拟条件句的省略与倒装，结构为：Had＋主语＋done，主语＋would/could/might have done...Were＋主语＋to do/Should＋主语＋do，主语＋would do...•③④⑤为含蓄虚拟语气，结构如下：主语＋would have done...，but 过去的事实主语＋would do...，but 现在的事实Without/But for＋n.，主语＋would do(与现在相反)Without/But for＋n.，主语＋would have done (与过去相反)现在的事实，otherwise＋主语＋would do过去的事实，otherwise＋主语＋would have done3.名词性从句和定语从句中的虚拟语气　　Yesterday，Mike insisted that he hadn’t cheated in the exam with the cellphone and that he (should) not be punished.①The teacher ordered that he (should) take out the cellphone and commanded that he (should) phone his parents right now.①Mike requested that the teacher (should) not call his parents.① He demanded that the teacher (should) give him another chance.①The teacher said it was required that students (should) not take cellphones to school.② Her suggestion/advice was that Mike (should) study hard instead of cheating in the exams.③ It is high time that he prepared/should prepare for the college entrance examination.④注释：•某些特定的动词之后的宾语从句常用含有should的虚拟语气。如①，这类动词包括“一坚持”(insist)，“二命令”(order/command)，“三要求”(require/request/demand)，“四建议”(suggest/advise/recommend/propose)。•上述动词用于It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句时，从句使用带should的虚拟语气，如②。•上述动词的名词形式如requirement，suggestion等，其后的表语从句或同位语从句也用含有should的虚拟语气，如③。•It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth. 也是常见的虚拟语气形式，如④。4.It is/was＋adj.＋that sb. (should) do...和It is/was＋n.＋that sb. (should) do...English teacher：It is important/essential/necessary that you should learn English well.Student：Why？As a Chinese，I think it is strange that I should learn English well.注释：在It is/was＋形容词(important，essential，necessary，strange，natural，etc. )＋that引导的主语从句和It is/was＋名词(a pity，a rule，a shame，a surprise，etc. )＋that引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。1.当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。(1)The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。(2)The old man insisted that he was not ill and that he should not be sent to hospital.这位老人坚持说他没有病，坚持认为他不应该被送到医院。重难点精析2.错综时间条件句当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出相应的调整。If you had listened to the teacher yesterday，you wouldn’t suffer so much now.如果你昨天听老师的，你现在就不会受这么多苦。单句语法填空1.The Antarctica is so mysteriously described by some people.If only I ___ (be) there before!2.Our only request is that this (settle) as soon as possible.3.I believe he must have had an accident；otherwise he _______________ (arrive) on time.点对点练习hadbeen(should) be settledwould have arrived4.If it (rain) tomorrow，they would not go out for a picnic.5.If you (take) my advice，you would not have failed in the exam.should rain/were to rain/rainedhad taken单句语法填空1.It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing another person，but now there are houses and people everywhere.(2021·天津3月)2.You (not) have scolded him for his poor performance.After all，he had done his best.(2020·天津3月)3.If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers，I (not，be) where I am.(2020·江苏)对接高考　技法指导解题策略couldshouldn’twouldn’t be情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”注意一：若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。注意二：一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的if虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。技法指导返 回层级一　基础达标练层级二　高考真题练层级三　语篇提能练考点分层演 练单句语法填空1.It is the first time that my son (meet) Zhong Nanshan，the renowned Chinese hero face to face.2.The girl (shake) her head happily，and the pot of milk on her head immediately fell onto the ground.3.The father，as well as his kids， (discuss) where to spend the weekend now.层级一　基础达标练has metshookis discussing4.When fat and salt (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.5.By the time Jack returned home from England，his son _____________(graduate) from college.6.Either the beautiful views of this modern city or its local custom ______ (attract) thousands of visitors during the past years.7.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which (be) saved for other purposes.are removedhad graduatedhasattractedwere8.They made up their minds that they (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.9.Jenny have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind.10.What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake，______ they (not，come) back to save their child.11.Jack (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.12.On the stage (be) a number of famous singers，whose songs are welcomed by the majority of young people.13.Every coin has two sides.Beautiful songs，sometimes， just be noise to others.would buyshouldhadnot comewas workingaremay14.My computer didn’t start this morning.There have been something wrong with it.15.He would (like) to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics，but there were a large number of competitors，and Edwards wasn’t qualified.musthave liked返 回单句语法填空1.After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861，they rented the house and (sell) most of their furniture.(2021·浙江6月)2.In cities，however，the gain (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI.(2021·浙江1月)3.By about 6,000 BC，people (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.(2020·浙江7月)层级二　高考真题练soldwashad discovered4.Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct).”(2020·全国Ⅰ)5.The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms.Often，only a small part of museum’s collection is on display.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)6.Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.(2020·天津7月)7.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform，nobody __________ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).(2019·浙江6月)meansis constructedare calledcanhas/will have8.Amy，as well as her brothers， (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(2019·天津6月)9.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a belief that populations are increasing.(2019·全国Ⅰ)10.The musician along with his band members (give) ten performances in the last three months.(2019·江苏)11.What a pity！You missed the sightseeing，or we (have) a good time together.(2019·江苏)was givenhave reportedhas givenwould have had12.I can’t find my purse.I (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，but I’m not sure.(2018·天津6月)13.It’s strange that he have taken the books without the owner’s permission.(2018·江苏)14.Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.(2017·全国Ⅱ)15.If the new safety system (put) to use，the accident would never have happened.(2017·北京)could/might have leftshouldwere usedhad been put返 回语法填空Passage 1　时态与主谓一致篇层级三　语篇提能练　　The first zoo 1. (establish) around 3,500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment.was established1.考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“around 3,500 years ago”可知是过去时态，主语“The first zoo”和谓语动词establish之间是被动关系，且主语是the first zoo，谓语用单数，故填 was established。层级三　语篇提能练Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperor 2. (build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth.Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals.2.考查谓语动词的时态。句中“Five hundred years later”是过去的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式，故填 built。built　　Some of the early European zoos 3. 　　　(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages，the bad conditions of which made people disgusted.3.考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，此处描述过去的情况，谓语动词用过去式，故填 consisted。consistedLater the zoos 4. 　　　　(replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5. 　　　　(keep) in good condition.These places became the first modern zoos.4.考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语“the zoos”和谓语动词replace之间为被动关系，并且是描述过去发生的事，且主语是the zoos，谓语用复数，故填were replaced。5.考查谓语动词的时态和语态。animals与keep之间为被动关系且描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态，此处是并列谓语，前面已有be动词were，故可以省略were。故填(were) kept。were replaced(were) keptAs early as the 1940s，scientists 6. 　　　　(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction.Since then，zoos 7._____________ (try) to save many endangered species，6.考查谓语动词的时态。“As early as the 1940s”是过去的时间状语，谓语要用过去式，故填 understood。7.考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语为“Since then”，谓语常用现在完成时，此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动作一直持续进行，且主语是zoos，谓语用复数，故填have tried/have been trying。understoodhave tried/havebeen tryingbut relying on zoos 8. (save) species is not enough.The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat.8.考查非谓语动词。rely on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事，故填to save。to save　　Today，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9. 　　　 (watch) carefully for any signs of disease with specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can be treated when ill，and all the animals there live a comfortable life.9.考查谓语动词的时态。 主语animals和谓语动词watch之间是被动关系，且此处与and前面的are fed...为并列关系，故填(are) watched。(are) watchedAnyway，it is true that zoo breeding programs 10. (play) an important role in protecting many species of wildlife now.are playing10.考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。由时间状语now可知，此处应该使用现在进行时，且主语programs是复数，故填are playing。Passage 2　情态动词篇1.因为这儿的同学对我都非常友好，在来新学校之前我本不需要担心的。所以用needn’t。　　I 1. have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Zhang Min is a fantastic dancer.I wish I 2. (dance) as well as her.needn’tdanced2.我希望我跳舞像她一样好。wish 后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，而且与现在事实相反，所以用danced。No one 3. be compared with Ellen in dancing.Jack is more of a talker than a doer.Teachers always tell him it’s high time that he 4. (do) something instead of just talking.3.没有人能跳得和她一样好，表示“能力”用can。 candid/should do4.It is high time sb. should do/did sth. 到了某人该做某事的时候了。Every time I get close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，I 5. say “Ni Hao” to them.Teachers recommend that parents 6._________________(not，allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.5.每当我靠近他们听见他们说汉语的时候，我会对他们说“你好”。will可以表示现在的习惯。will(should) not allow6.recommend后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。Students 7. obey school rules.Every student must wear school uniform while at school.If a student 8. (not，wear) school uniform，he would be punished immediately.7.学生必须要服从校规。must 表示强制。must didn’t wear8.如果学生在校期间不穿校服，他会立即受到惩罚。因为主句谓语用would do，表示对现在的虚拟，所以条件状语从句中谓语用过去式表示对现在的虚拟。According to the rules，students 9. get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my imagination that students here 10. be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me.9.根据规定，学生如果想拿奖学金，任一单科成绩不得低于85分。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。shallshould10.我没有想到这里的学生竟然像我一样痴迷《哈利·波特》系列丛书。 should在此意为“竟然”，表示惊讶。返 回0533.0语法链接写 作1.时态的交叉使用典例　(2019·全国Ⅲ)我给你写信的目的是邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。I’m writing to invite you to take part in the music festival，which will be held in our school next Saturday.运用　(2021·浙江6月)艺术盛宴本周在报告厅举行。更具体地说，它从周一开始，将持续至少五天。 The art feast falls in the lecture hall this week.To be more specific，it starts on Monday and will last 5 days at least.2.利用“主将从现”的规律典例　(2019·全国Ⅰ)如果我被接受的话，我会把中国画的技巧介绍给参观者，这将帮助他们更多地了解中国文化。If I am accepted，I will introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors，which can help them know more about Chinese culture.运用　(2021·北京)如果你下周日有空，我会在学校门口等你，我相信我们会在一起玩得很开心。 If you are available next Sunday，I will wait for you at the school gate and I’m sure we will have a good time together.3.被动语态的适当运用典例　(2020·天津7月)成人礼定于6月8号举行。The coming-of-age ceremony was scheduled to be held on June 8.运用　(2021·浙江6月)昨天，在我们学校美术馆，举办了一场精彩的学生中国画展览。 A fantastic students’ Chinese painting show was organized in our school art gallery yesterday.4.虚拟语气巧利用(1)if条件句的虚拟典例　(2018·浙江6月)要是我没有追那只兔子，我们就不会迷路了。If I hadn’t chased that rabbit，we wouldn’t have lost our way.运用　(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)如果我没读英文报Youth，我在英语方面就不会有这么大的进步。 If I hadn’t read the newspaper Youth，I wouldn’t have made such great progress in English.(2)利用“情态动词＋have done”表虚拟典例　(2017·浙江11月)我们本来可以愉快地露营，可是妈妈忘了带帐篷。We could have camped in the wild happily，but mother forgot to take the tent.运用　(2021·浙江6月)我本不应该这样自私，因为我应该承担我的责任。 I shouldn’t have been so selfish，because I am supposed to shoulder my responsibility.(3)should的适当运用典例　(2021·上海)我建议你先上听说课，理由如下。I recommend that you should take the Listening and Speaking course first for the following reasons.运用　(2018·全国Ⅱ)按要求，想要参加的同学需准时到报告厅看电影并参与讨论。 It is required that anyone who wants to participate should arrive at the lecture hall on time to watch the movie and take part in the discussion.(4)利用含蓄虚拟条件句典例　(2020·全国Ⅰ)若没有她的帮助和专业的指导，我不可能在英语学习方面取得如此大的进步。But for/Without her help and professional instruction，I couldn’t have made such great progress in English study.运用　(2020·全国Ⅱ)多亏了这次采摘活动，否则我们不知道劳动的果实有多么甜美。 Thanks to the picking activity，otherwise we wouldn’t have known what sweet fruits labour would result in.5.利用句型，“亮”化句子典例　(2018·浙江6月)我们正在找回去的路时听到了叔叔的大声呼喊。We were trying to look for the way back when we heard my uncle shouting loudly.运用　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Bernard正在街上忧心忡忡地走，这时John来帮他了。 Bernard was wandering worriedly in the street when John came to his assistance.返 回